
aass E 4-<^2. 

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COPYRIOHT DEPOSIT 



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H: I STOR\ 



T 



GRAND ARMY 

OK THE 

REPUBLIC, 



By ROBERT B. BEATH, 

/I 



WITH AN' INTRODUCTION BY 



General LUCIUS KAIRCHILD 



ILLUSTRATED. 



NEW YORK. 

BRYAN, TAYLOR <^^ CO., Publishers, 
1889. 



Copyright, 1888, 

By ROBERT B. BEATH 

A II rights reserveO. 

By transfer 
5 Jel907 






i-*IM rr WllLU MCDOIALO k Co. 
"il Parte How, New York. 



INTRODUCTION 



I have been asked to write a few prefatory words to this 
History of the Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

That society whose watch-words are Fraternity, Charity and 
Loyalty — Fraternity so wide-spread as to embrace all who 
honored themselves by enlisting in the Union Army ; a Charity 
so broad as to have included within its benefactions sufferers 
of every class, and of all sections of our country ; a Loyalty 
that maintains " true allegiance to the United States of America 
based upon a paramount respect for, and fidelity to, its consti- 
tution and laws," that discountenances " whatever tends to 
weaken loyalty, incites to insurrection, treason or rebellion," 
and encourages "the spread of universal liberty, equal rights 
and justice to all men," and which constantly inculcates the 
spirit of good-will and friendship for all law-abiding citizens 
of our common country, needs no commendation to the readers 
of this book. 

Comrade Past Commander-in-Chief Beath hardly needs an 
introduction to the public at large, and certainly not to the 
members of the Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

He is well known as one of the most excellent and valuable 

members of our Order. His fitness for this task is beyond 

question. No man has more complete knowledge of the aims 

and objects of the Grand Army or of the results accomplished 

by it. No man is more fully imbued with an ardent love for 

[iii] 



iv Introduction. 

its ])rinciples, or is more thoroughly versed iu its laws. His 
heart is in this work and the result is a history that will give 
to the world an intelligent aud accurate account of the society 
from its birth to the present time. 

The members of the Grand Army are to be congratulated 
that Comrade Beath has consented to do them this great favor. 

Of the necessity of such a history I need not speak — it is 
the general opinion throughout our membership that the time 
has arrived when the annals of the Order should be collated 
and imperishably preserved. The work should have, and will 
doubtless enjoy, a wide circulation and a permanent popularity, 
and will surely go forth with the good wishes of every loyal 
member of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

Fraternally yours, 



PRK KACK 



The comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic have long 
cherished a desire to have in permanent form an official history 
of the origin and growth of their organization ; an organization 
whose cardinal principles are Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty. 
" With charity for all and malice toward none," they have gone 
on perfecting and strengthening their organization, until it now 
stands acknowledged as one of the noblest in its works and pur- 
poses of any fraternal and charitable association known. 

The records of -the Grand Army of the Republic, when trans- 
ferred to Adjutant-General Chipman in 1868, were in an imper- 
fect condition. He and his successors sought diligently to re- 
place missing records and secure reliable data relative to the 
institution of the Grand Army, but unfortunately the materials 
so gathered, with all the other books and records to that time, 
were destroyed in the disastrous fire which occurred in Boston 
on Memorial Day, 1872. When serving as Assistant Adjutant- 
General of the Department of Pennsylvania, I began collecting 
for my own use, duplicates of General Orders and Journals. 
Later, when appointed Adjutant-General of the Order, I sought 
to secure for National Headquarters missing copies of Orders and 
Journals, and was able to report to the National Encampment 
in 1876, that thirteen full sets of the Journals had been collected 
and bound. The announcement of this fact stimulated a desire 
for copies, and some seven hundred were printed and issued to 
subscribers. These, up to this time, have been practically the 
only available records of the National Encampment for the years 

above referred to. 

Lvl 



vi Preface. 

General Faircliild, during his terra as Commander-in-Cliief, 
strDU^ly urg»^cl that I should undertake the work of writing a 
History of our organization, and kindly expressed his intention to 
recommend my appointment as Historian of the Grand Army of 
the Republic. The National Encampment gave its hearty acqui- 
escence to the proposition, hut upon my own suggestion I was 
left free to pursue the work without such official designation. 

I fully realized that this was a serious undertaking ; that 
it meant the sacrifice for many months, of hours that should be 
devoted to the rest and relaxation necessary, after a day fully 
devoted to other duties, and which could not be avoided or 
slighted. On the other hand, I considered the advantage of the 
experience gained in twenty-two years of active work in the ranks 
of the Grand Army and in the many honorable positions conferred 
ui)on me by the Order. 

In compiling this History, I deemed it best to treat with 
as much detail as possible the steps leading to the organization 
of the Grand Army of the Republic. In some degree records of 
the National Encampment and of the Departments are available 
to comrtules, but nowhere is there to be found any specific record 
of the labors of the founders of the Order. These details have 
Ijeen gathered from many sources, but largely from personal in- 
tercourse with the survivors of the early days and from valuable 
papers placed in my hands for this purpose. Of late years the 
Commander-in-Chief has presented in his address all the im- 
portant matters affecting the organization, Avhich are referred to 
in iiior«! detail in the reports of his staff officers. By condensing 
these it has l)e('u possible to here ])resent all the important 
matters that have been acted upon by the National Encampment 
from 1800 to 1888 inclusive. 

It \V!is manifestly impossible to tr(?at of Departments in the 
same manm-r. To concisely present such details of eurly organi- 
/iition as do not appear in the ])rinte(l records, and to give the 
uaineH iind the Posts of which they are iniMiibers, of all who 



Preface. vii 

served as Department officers, seemed all that could be done in 
tliis direction. Anything more must be a work to be undertaken 
by or for each Department. 

My acknowledgments are especially due, for papers relative 
to the initial work in Springfield, Illinois, to Comrades A. A. 
North, Geo. S. Dana and John M. Adair, and Miss Josephine P. 
Cleveland, who has published a large portrait of Dr. Stephen- 
son. Also to Comrades George R. Steele, M. P. Kanan, J. T. 
Bishop and I. N. Coltron, for very valuable documents relative 
to the first Post, at Decatur, including letters of Dr. Stephenson 
and copies of the first ritual and constitution. The many other 
comrades who have so kindly aided me have my hearty thanks. 

It is a special pleasure to say that the publishers have more 
than fulfilled their promise to make this book, in its mechanical 
execution, worthy of the Grand Army of the Republic. No ex- 
pense has been spared by them in this respect, and I know that 
with this statement all readers will heartily agree. 

In closing this work, I cannot better express my apprecia- 
tion of this grand fraternity of ours, than by repeating the 
words used in my address as Commander-in-Chief: 

" We are enjoying, in a land we helped to save, a companion- 
ship made sacred by common sufferings and sacrifices. 

" No other organization on earth can lay claim to such glo- 
rious and precious memories. Let us keep this brotherhood to- 
gether on the highest plane of citizenship and prove to the 
jieople, North and South, that the Grand Army of the Republic 
is worthy of their confidence, that it is doing a work demanded 
by the strongest claims of humanity, and that its objects are in 
accord with the purest principles of patriotism." 




CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

PAGE 

Peace at Last — The Grand Review — The Muster-out 1-10 



CHAPTER II. 

Veteran Societies— Forming op Corps and Army Societies— Organ- 
ization OF Veteran Political Societies— Society Badges 11-32 



CHAPTER III. 

Organization op the Grand Army op the Republic — Muster op the 
First Post — Biographical Sketches and Portraits op its Mem- 
bers — Formui/Ating the Constitution and Ritual — Biographi- 
cal Sketch op Dr. B. F. Stephenson 33-52 



CHAPTER IV. 

The Springfield Convention — Sketches op Participants —Election 
OP Officers for Department op Illinois— Beginning op the 
Work in Other States 53-67 



CHAPTER V. 

First Session of National Encampment, Indianapolis, Indiana, No- 
vember 20, 1866— Election op the First Commander-in-Chief... 68-76 



CHAPTER VI. 

Administration of Commander-in-Chief S. A. Hurlbut — Second An- 
nual Session, Philadelphia, January 15, 1868 77-83 



CHAPTER VII. 

Administration of Commander in-Chief John A. Logan — Third An- 
nual Session, Cincinnati, May 12. 1869 84-103 

Special Session. New York City, October 27, 1869 103-105 

National Council of Administration 94 

[ix] 



X Contexts. 

CHAPTER Yin. 



PAGE 



Admim^tkation of Commander-in-Chief John A. Logan (Second 

Tekm)— FoiiiTii Annual Session, Washington, May 11, 1870 lOft-114 

CHAPTER IX. 

Auministkation of Commandeu-in-Chief John A. Logan (Third 

Term)— Fifth Annual Session, Boston, May 10, 1871 115-123 

CHAPTER X. 

Administration of Commander-in-Chief Ambrose E. Burnside— 

Sixth Annual Session, Cleveland, May 8, 1872 123-135 

CHAPTER XI. 

Administration of Commander-in-Chief A. E. Burnside (Second 

Term)— Se\tnth Annual Session, New Haven, May 14, 1873 136-143 

CHAPTER XII. 

Administration of Com.mander-in-Ciiikp Chas. Devens, Jr. (First 

Term)— Eighth Annual Session, Harrisburgh, May 13, 1874 144-152 

CHAPTER XIII. 

Administration of Commander-in-Chief Chas. Devens, Jr. (Second 

Termj— Ninth Annual Session, Chicago, May 12, 1875 153-161 

CHAPTER XIV. 

Adminlstration of ('o.m.mander-in-Chief John F, Hartranft (First 

Term) -Tenth Annual Session, Philadelphia, June 30, 1876 162-171 

CHAPTER XV. 

Admini.stration ok Commander-in Chief John F. I Iai{tuanft (Second 

Term)— Eleventh .\nnual Session, Providence, June 26, 1877. . .172-181 

CHAPPKR XVT. 

Administration ok Commander in Ciiiek John C. Roiunson (First 
Term I -Twelfth An.vual Session, Simungkiklo, Massaciiiisetts, 
Junk 4, 1878 182-193 

CIIAI'IIIK XVil. 

Administration ok ('om.manukr-in-Chiek .John (". Roiunson 'Second 
Term —Thirteenth Annual Sessidn, Aluany, New York, June 
17,1879 l'J4 201 



Contents. xi 

CHAPTER XVIII. 



PACE 



Administration of Commander-in-Chief William Earnshaw— Four- 
teenth Annual Session, Dayton, Ohio, June 8, 1880 205-315 



CHAPTER XIX. 

Administration op Commander in Chief Louis Wagner — Fifteenth 

Annual Session, Indianapolis, June 15, 18S1 216-233 



CHAPTER XX. 

Administration of Commander in-Chief Geo. S. Merrill— Sixteenth 

Annual Session, Baltimore, June 31, 1882 233-250 



CHAPTER XXI. 

Administration op Commander-in Chief Paul Van Der Voort — 

Seventeenth Annual Session, Denver, July 35, 1883 ... 251-269 



CHAPTER XXII. 

Administration op Commander-in-Chief Rorert B. Beath— Eight- 
eenth Annual Session, Minneapolis, July 23, 1884 270-389 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

Administration op Commander.-in-Chiep John S. Kountz — I^ine- 

teenth Annual Session. Portland, Maine, June 34, 1885 290-305- 



CHAPTER XXIV. 

xA.dministration op Commander-in Chief S S. Burdett — Twentieth 

Annual Session, San Francisco, August 4, 1886 306-324 



CHAPTER XXV. 

Administration op Commander-in-Chief Lucius Fairchild— Twenty- 
First Annual Session, September 28. 1887 325-348 



CHAPTER XXVI. 

Administration of Commander-in-Chief John P. Rea— Twenty 

Second Annual Session, Columbus Ohio, September 13, 1888 349-373 

Election of Commander-in-Chief William Warner and Staff 

Appointments 373-378 



xii Contents. 

Departments of the Grand Army of the PiEpubltp. 

CHAPTER XXVII. 

PAGE 

TiiK Eastkkn States— Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, 

Rhode Island, Connecticut 379-436 

CHAPTER XXVTTI. 

TiiK Miuni.K Atlantic States — New York, New Jersey, Permsjivania, 

Delaware, .Mar- land and District of Columbia 437-500 

CHAPTER XXTX. 

Central States — Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri, 

Iowa. Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska and Dakota 501-588 

CHAPTER XXX. 

Pacific and ^Iocntain States — California, Nevada. Arizona, New Mex- 
ico, Colorado, Utah, Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, Washington 
Territory . 589-G21 

CHAPTER XXXI. 

.SouTnEUN Departments — Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee and Georgia, 

Florida, Louisiana and Mis.sissippi, Kentucky, Arkan.sas, Texas 622-G50 

Tables Showing MEMBEUsnip, December 31st op each year, 1871- 

1887 inclusive 651 

Posts and Members, June 30, 1888. and Relief Disbursed by the 

OuDEU 652 

CHAPTER XXXII. 
GuA.ND Aum Y Badges 653-058 

("IIAPTER XXXIII. 

Auxiliary and other Societies— Woman's Relief Corps, Ladies of the 
(i. A. R.. Sons of Veterans U. S. A , I'liion Veterans' Legion, Union 
Veterans' Union, Veterans' Rights I iiioii. Union Kx-Pri.soners of War 
Af-Hocialion 659-681 

PKNhioN Statistics 681-684 



/ 



PORTRAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 



POKTEAITS. 



PAGE 

Alcoen. W. W facing 292 

Allan, Edgar " 328 

Anderson, Edward " 350 

Anderson, T. J 572 

Attwood, C. G 126 

Austin, D. R facing 292 

Backus, S. W.. " 328 

Baldwin, W.H " 208 

Bangs, I. S " 252 

Barker, Mrs. E. F " 657 

Beath, R. B frontispiece 

Bell, John 89 

Bishop, J. T facing 40 

Bowers, Geo " 220 

Bramhall Frank J 538 

Brown, F. E facing 252 

Brown. W. W 154 

BucKBEE, C. J facing 164 

BURDETT, S. S " 306 

BURNSIDE, A, E " 123 

Burst, J. W " 252 

Cameron, John " 308 

Campbell, T. C " 88 

Carnahan, J. R " 220 

Chipman, N. P " 88 

CoEY, James 125 

Cogswell, Wm 1 85 

Cole, Nelson facing 850 

Collier, Geo. W 116 

CoLTRiN, I N facing 132 

Connor, Selben " 308 

Cook, John 66 

Craig, Mrs. C. Rusk 660 

Cushman, a. S 404 



PAGE 

Devens, Chas., Jr facing 144 

DeWitt, R. M "376 

Din OMAN, H " 208 

Donohue, Florence " 350 

Douglas, W. W 127 

Dunning, Geo. H facing 40 

Earnshaw, Wm " 205 

Evans, Geo. S " 376 

Everett. A. S " 328 

Fairchild, L " 325 

Farley, J. L 184 

Ferguson Ed facing 148 

Fish, Damel " 350 

Foster, I. M " 252 

Foster, Robert S " 72 

Fuller, Mrs. S. E " 650 

GOBLE, J. R " 148 

Goodrich, M. B 136 

Gould, Guy T facing 154 

Grant, Gen. U. S 474 

Gray, E. B facing 328 

Green, S. A 115 

Grosvenor, C H facing 308 

Hadfield, Jos '" 376 

Hall, Matthew 195 

Hall, W. D facing 292 

Hamlin, A. C " 230 

Hampton, Mrs. E. S " 657 

Harland, Ed 428 

Hartranft, John F facing 162 

Hawkes, B. F 502 

Hawley, Jos. R facing 88 

Hedges, I. M " 350 

[xiii] 



XIV 



PORTKAITS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Hicks, Ira E facing 292 

lIiLL. Hkuheut E 194 

Holmes, Walteu H facing 272 

Howe, he oOl 

HrxTEK, Jacob M facing 328 

HlKLBUT, S. A " 68 

Jakes. Oscar A " 292 

Jaudine, Edwahd 153 

JoiixNsoN, J. B facing 376 

Jones, W. B •' 208 

Kanan, M. F •' 36 

Keifek, J. W 137 

Kimball, Nathan 516 

KiNNE, C. Mason 590 

KiNNE, Mns. E. D'A facing 657 

KouNTz, John S " 290 



Lewis, John R 

LiNEHAN, John C. 
Logan, John A. . . 
LOVERING, Jos. F. . 
LUBET. T 



350 

84 

173 

107 



McGiLLicuDDY, T. D 504 

McKean, J. B facin-i- 72 

McMichael, Clayton 466 

McNeil, D. C facing 72 

]^lEEcn, Jas. F 408 

Merrill, Geo. S facing 233 

Miller, Roswell 125 

Mitchell. S. B. W 106 

Monroe, A. C 410 

Nale, J. H facing 40 

Neil, M. H •' 376 

NoRRis, A. W " 148 I 

North, A. A 34 \ 

Olin, Wm. M facing 236 

Owen, Joshua T ' 88 

Palmer, John " 208 

Palmer, John M 65 

Peirck, Henry B 406 

Phelps. John S facing 52 

Pile. W.m. A " 72 

PoNij, C. V. H " 236 



PAGE 

Powell, Hans facing 148 

Prior, Jos. JI " 36 

Proudfit, j. K .537 

Pugh,L C facing 36 

Raphun, Chas. W •' 208 

Rea, JohnP • 349 

Reed, Myron W ' 164 

Reynolds, Jos. S ' 164 

Rhodes, E. H •• 183 

Riebsame, C ' 40 

Robinson, John C " 182 

Rogers, W. F " 164 

Ross, W. E. W " 252 

Routh, j. W •' 40 

Rutledge, W. j 33 

Santjers, Add. H : 533 

Santmyer, C. a facing 272 

Shanafelt, T. M " 292 

Shaw, Jas., Jr 99 

Sherwood, Mrs. Kate B . . facing 659 

Sibley, B. F ■• 36 

Snyder, John M • ' 52 

Sprague, a. B. R " 148 

Squires, Geo B •• 220 

Starring, F. A 108 

Steele, Geo. K facing 36 

Stephenson, B F " 32 

Stewart, L. H " 308 

Stewart, T. J 470 

Styer, Chas facing 236 

Swain, E. D ' 220 

Taintor, H. E " 328 

Taylor, John " 253 

ToLAND, Aqcilla " 40 

Turner, Mrs. L. A 661 

Updyke, S G facing 376 

Vanderslice, John M •' 272 

Van Der Voort, Pau! " 250 

Vandever. Wm. " 272 

Vanosdol, Argus D " 808 

Veazey. W. G " 350 

Wagner, Louis " 210 

Waf.kinsiiaw. j. C 573 

Ward, William facing 164 



Portraits and Illustrations. xv 



PAGE : . PAGE 

Warneb, T. C facing 328 j Willich, August facing 72 

Warner, William " 372 , Wilson, O. M 517 

Watson, Jas. L 172 i Woods, Robert M facing 52 



Webber, Jules C facing 52 

Weigel, Eugene F " 376 



Young, Chas. L " 236 



ILLUSTEATIONS. 

Badges, Corps (Colored Plates) facing pages 4-5, 8-9 

Badges, Membership and Official, G. A. R 653-658 

Badge. Woman's Relief Corps 659 

Badge, Ladies of the G A. R 666 

Badge and Coat of Arms, Sons op Veterans, U. S. A. 669, 670 

Badge, Loyal Legion 19 

Badge, Union Veteran Legion 674 

Badge, Army Societies: 

Tennessee 13 

Cumberland .... 15 

Signal Corps 16 

Potomac 17 

Hartford Soldiers' Memorial 436 

Hall op Post 2, Philadelphia fiicing 168 

Indiana Soldiers' Monument ' " 522 

Massacitusetts Soldiers' Home " 416 

Minnesota Soldiers' Home " 670 




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History I Grand Army of the Republic. 



CHAPTER I. 

PEACE AT LAST. 



On the fourteenth day of April, 1865, the United States flag, 
which just four years before had been lowered upon the formal 
surrender of Fort Sumter, was again raised over that fort by 
Major-Greneral Robert Anderson, with appropriate ceremonies, 
national in their character and importance. 

On the second of April, Jefferson Davis had made a hurried 
departure from Richmond, stopping at Danville to issue a procla- 
mation to the effect that the events of the past ten days would 
leave the Confederate armies " free to move from point to point, 
to strike the enemy in detail far from his base." Notwithstanding 
this, on April 9, General Robert E, Lee surrendered the Army of 
Northern Virginia to General Grant, and on the 14th General 
Joseph E. Johnston opened negotiations for the surrender of his 
troops to General Sherman, the details being formally consum- 
mated on the 26th of that month. 

Mobile had been surrendered on the 12th to the military and 
naval forces under General Gordon Granger, commanding the 13th 
Army Corps, and Rear- Admiral Henry K. Thatcher, commanding 
the AVest Gulf Squadron. 

Major-Generals George Stoneman and James H. AVilson were 
leading divisions of cavalry at will through different sections of 
the South which had not seriously felt the dire effects of war, 
and the last-named general, by a series of dashing movements, 
completely routed and scattered the cavalry forces of General N. 
B. Forrest. A portion of Wilson's command, on May 10, captured 
the fleeing leader of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis. 

Practically but one large division of the rebel armies then re- 
mained in the field, that of the Trans-Mississippi Department, 
under General E. Kirby Smith, who surrendered, on May 25, to 
General E. R. S. Canby, commanding the Military Division of the 
Gulf. The rebellion was ended. 

1 [1] 



i Oranp Army of the Eepublic. 

SECOND DIVISION— ^aioT-Cjenevdl George Crook. 

1st Brigade, Brig.idier-General Henry E. Davies (2d New York 

C'jivalrv). 
id Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General John Irvin Gregg, 6th 

Pennsylvania Cavalry. 
'.V\ lirigade, Brevet Brigiidier-General C. H. Smith, 1st Maine 

Cavalry. 

I'll: ST />//7^70;^'— Brigadier-General Thomas C. Devin (6th 

New York Cavalry). 
1st Brigade, Colonel Peter Stagg, 1st Michigan Cavalry. 
'id Brigade, Colonel Charles L. Fitzhugh, 6th Nbav York 

Cavalry. 
Reserve Brigade, Brigadier-General Alfred Gibbs (1st New 

York Dragoons). 

NINTH ARMY CORPS. 

Major-General John G. Parke. 

i-in>^T J^J lis ION— Brevet Major-General O. B. Wilcox. 
1st Brigade, Colonel Samuel Harrimau, 37th Wisconsin. 
2d Brigade, Brevet Colonel Ralph Ely, 9th Michigan. 
;5d Brigiule, Colonel James Bintliff, 38th Wisconsin. 

SECOND />/;T6'/0A^— Brigadier-General S. G. Griffin. 

1st Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General John I. Curtin, -loth 

Pennsylvania. 
lM r.rigade. Colonel H. B. Titus, 9th New Hampshire. 

Til I III) DIVISION— Bre\ei Major-General John F. Hartranft. 
1st lirigade. Colonel A. B. McCalmout, 208th Pennsylvania. 
2il Brigade, Colonel J. A. Matthews, 205th Pennsylvania. 
Artill.-ry Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General J. C. Tidball, 4th 
New York Heavy Artillery. 

Finn ARMY CORPS. 

Brfivet Major-General Charles Griffin. 

I- 1 Its r DIVISION— Brevet Major-General J. J. Bartlett (27th 
N«^w York I. 
1st Brigade, Bn^vct Brigjulier-Ciencral A. ]j. Pearson, 155th 
Pennsylvania. 



FIRST CORPS. 






1st DIV. 



2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 



SECOND CORPS. 





1st DIV. 




2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 



THIRD CORPS. 





IsT DIV. 




2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 



A 

IST DIV. 



FOURTH CORPS. 






1»T DIV. 





2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 



FIFTH CORPS. 




2d DIV. 




3d DIV 



SIXTH CORPS. 



IsT DIV. 



2d DIV. 



+ 



3d DIV. 



SEVENTH CORPS. 






1st DIV. 



2d DIV. 



3d DIV 



•EIGHTH CORPS. 





1st DIV. 



2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 



NINTH CORPS. 







1st DIV 2d DIV. 3d DIV. 4th DiV. 

TENTH CORPS. 




1st DIV. 





3d DIV. 



ELEVENTH CORPS. 






1st DIV. 



2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 



TWELFTH AND TWENTIETH CORPS. 






1st DIV. 



2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 



comneHT lase. 



Peace at Last. 5 

2d Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General E. M. Gregory, 91st 

Pennsylvania. 
3d Brigade, Brigadier-General J. L. Chamberlain (20th Maine). 

SECOND I) I FIS 10 N—Major-General K. B. Ayres. 

1st Brigade, Brigadier-General Joseph Hayes (18th Massa- 
chusetts). 
2d Brigade, Colonel D, L. Stanton, 1st Maryland. 
3d Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General James Gwyn, 118th 
Pennsylvania. 

THIRD DIVISION— Major-General S. Wylie Crawford. 
1st Brigade, Colonel J. A. Kellogg, 6th Wisconsin. 
2d Brigade, Brigadier-General Henry Baxter (2d Michigan). 
3d Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General Richard Coulter, 11th 
Pennsylvania. 

SECOND AKMY corps 

Major-General A. A. Humphreys. 

FIRST DIVISION'— Breyei Major-General Nelson A. Miles. 
1st Brigade, Colonel John Fraser, 140th Pennsylvania. 
2d Brigade, Colonel R. Nugent, 69th New York. 
3d Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General C. D. MacDougall, 111th 

New York. 
4th Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General John Ramsey, 8th New 

Jersey. 

SECOND DIVISION— Breyet Brigadier-General F. C. Barlow, 
61st New York. 
1st Brigade, Colonel W. L. Olmstead, 59th New York. 
2d Brigade, Colonel J. P. Mclvor, 170th New York. 
3d Brigade, Colonel Daniel Woodall, 1st Delaware. 

THIRD DIVISION— BreYet Major-General Gershom Mott, New 

Jersey. 
1st Brigade, Brigadier-General R. De Trobriand (55th 

New York). 
2d Brigade, Brigadier-General Byron R. Pierce (3d Michigan). 
3d Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General R. McAllister, 11th 

New Jersey. 
Artillery Brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel J. G. Hazard, 1st Rhode 

Island Light Artillery. 



fi CiUAND Army of the Republic. 

The Nineteenth Army Corps was represented by a division 
under command of Brigadier-General William Dwight, formerly 
Colonel 70th New York. 

The Sixth Army Corps had remained at Danville, Va., and was 
formally n'viewed by the President in Washington on June 8. It 
was then commanded by Major-General H. G. Wright. 

SHERMAN'S ARMY, 

Comprising the Army of the Tennessee and the Army of Georgia, 
was reviewed on May 24. 

At the lie;wl of the column rode Major-General William 
Tecumseh Sherman, accompanied by General O. O. Howard. 

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. 
Major-General John A. Logan. 

FIFTEENTH ARMY CORPS. 

Major-General William B. Hazen. 

FIIIST />/r/>S'/OiV— Brigadier-General Charles R. Woods (76th 

Ohio). 
1st Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General W. B. Woods, 76th 

Ohio. 
2(1 Brigjule, Colonel R. F. Catterson, 97th Indiana. 
:{d Brigade, Colonel George A. Stone, 25th Iowa. 

SiyOND Z)/rT>S'7'0A^— Brigatlier-General. J. M. Oliver (^15th 
Michigan). 
Ist iirigsule, Colonel Theodore Jones, 30th Ohio. 
2d Brigjid.', C()h)nel William S. Jones, 58d Ohio. 
M Uri^'adc, Colouol F. S. Hntcliiuson, 15th Mich. 

rolirrH DniSlOX^l^wA-ai Major-General John M. Corse, 
6th Iowa. 
Ist lirigiidc, lirig.-ulier-General Elliott AV. Rice (7th Iowa). 
2d JJriga-lc, iirig.uli.tr-Gcneral W. T. Clark, Iowa. 
.'M J}rig)ul(», Colonel Richard Rowett, 7th Illinois. 
Artillery Brigade, Lieutenant-Coloiu-l W. H. Ross. 



Peace at Last. 7 

seventeenth aemy corps. 

Major-General Frank P. Blair, Jr. 

FIRST 2>7FXS'70iV— Brigadier-General Manning F. Force (20tli 
Ohio). 
1st Brigade, Brigadier-General John W. Fuller (27th Ohio). 
2d Brigade, Brigadier-General John AV. Sprague (63d Ohio). 
3d Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General John Tillson, 10th Illinois. 

THIRD DIVISION— Brevet Major-General M. D. Leggett (78th 
Ohio.) 
1st Brigade, Brigadier-General Charles Ewing (Ohio). 
2d Brigade, Brigadier-General Robert K, Scott (68th Ohio). 

FOURTH DIVISION— Brexet Major-General Giles A. Smith 

(8th Missouri). 
1st Brigade, Brigadier-General B. F. Potts (32d Ohio). 
2d Brigade, Brigadier-General Carlos J. Stolbrand (2d Illinois 

Artillery). 
3d Brigade, Brigadier-General W. W. Belknap (15th Iowa). 
Artillery, Major Fred. Welker, 1st Missouri Light Artillery. 



AEMY OF GEOEGIA. 
Major-General Henry W. Slocum, New York. 

TWENTIETH ARMY CORPS. 

Major-General Joseph A. Mower. 

FIRST DIVISION— BreYet Major-General A. S. Williams, 

Michigan. 
1st Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General James L. Selfridge, 46th 

Pennsylvania. 
2d Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General William Hawley, 3d 

Wisconsin. 
3d Brigade, Brigadier-General J. S. Robinson (82d Ohio). 

SECOND DIVISION— Brevet Major-General John W. Geary 
(28th Pennsylvania). 
1st Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General A. Pardee, Jr., 147th 
Pennsylvania. 



8 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

2(1 Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General George W. Mindel, 33d 

New Jersey. 
3d Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General Henry A. Barnnin, 149tli 

New York. 

TillUD DIVISION— Brevet Major-Geueral W. T. Ward, Ken- 
tucky. 

1st Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General Benjamin Harrison, TOtli 
Indiana. 

'2d Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General Daniel Dustin, lOotli 
Illinois. 

3d Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General William Cogswell, 2d 
Massachusetts. 

Artillery, Captain Charles E. ^Vinegar, New York. 

FOURTEENTH ARMY COUPS. 

Major-General Jefferson C. Davis. 

FIRST BIFISION—Brigiidier-General Charles C. Walcutt 
(45th Ohio). 

1st Brigade, Brevet Brigadier-General H. C. Hobart, 21st "Wis- 
consin. 

2d Brigade, Brigadier-General George P. Buell (58th Indiana). 

3d Brigade, Colonel H. A. Hambright, 79th Pennsylvania. 

SECOND DIVISION— Brevet Major-General James D. Morgan, 
10th Illinois. 
1st Brigade, Brigadier-General William Vandever (9th Iowa.) 
2d Brigade, Brigadier-General John G. Mitchell (113th Ohio). 
3(1 Brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Langley, 125th Illinois. 

Till III) DIVISION— Brevet Major-General Absalom Baird. 
1st Brigade, Colonel M. C. Hunter, 82d Indiana. 
2d Brigade, Colonel N. Gleason, 87th Indiana. 
3d Brigade, Brigadier-General George S, Greene (GOth New 
York. 

The titles of officers given above are as designated in the 
General Orders issued for the Keview. A number afterward re- 
ceived commissifjns of higher grades. 

^lany of tli(^ ollici'rs and large numb«»rs of the soldiers were 
garlanded witli flowers as they passed along t]i(^ line of marcli. 

" Sherman's l)niinii('rs " lieljx'd to relieve wliatever of monotony 



THIRTEENTH CORPS. 



UNOFFICIAL. 




As Adopted 

• Y THC 

Members of the Corps 

»T 

St. Louis. Sept. 29, '87. 



FOURTEENTH CORPS. 





1st DIV. 



2d DIV. 



^ 



3d DIV. 



FIFTEENTH CORPS. 




1st DIV 



3d DIV. 



4th DIV. 



SIXTEENTH CORPS. 




SEVENTEENTH CORPS. 
1st DIV. 







3o DIV. 



EIGHTEENTH CORPS. 






IST DIV. 



2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 



NINETEENTH CORPS. 






IsT DIV. 



2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 



TWENTY-SECOND CORPS. 



TWENTIETH CORPS. 

SAME AS TWELFTH. 




TWENTY-FIRST 
CORPS. 

NO BADGE ADOPTED. 




1st DIV. 



TWENTY-THIRD CORPS. 





2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 




1st DIV. 



TWENTY-FOURTH CORPS 





2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 




TWENTY-FIFTH CORPS, 




1st DIV. 



2d DIV. 



3d DIV. 




SIGNAL CORPS. 




ENGINEER AND PONTONIER. 
CORPS. 




WILSON'S CAVALHY. 




Sheridan's Cavalry. 



The above Corps Marks, except 
the 13th Corps, are from the Offi- 
cial Chart furnished by the War 
Department. 




Hancock's Veteran Corps. 



coFTFioHr lase 



Peace at Last. 9 

tliere was in the continual tramp, tramp, tramp of the armies. 
A number were mounted on mules or on sorry-looking horses 
borrowed from some quartermaster's camp of condemned animals, 
and carrying chickens, pigs, and vegetables ; others on foot swung 
along in the free-and-easy gait learned on their long march to 
the sea. 

It was estimated that nearly 150,000 men participated in these 
ceremonies — the Army of the Potomac, 80,000 ; the Army of the 
Tennessee, 36,000 ; and the Army of Georgia, 33,000. 

Never before had such a pageant been witnessed at the capital 
of any nation — the passage of an army of citizen soldiers who, 
having by their valor saved the nation, were now present only 
that those necessary details might be completed which would 
enable them to take their places in the ranks of peaceful citizens. 

With worn uniforms and tattered ensigns telling eloquently of 
service in the field, these men were now only anxious to return to 
their homes and loved ones. Though joyfully returning, and, as 
representatives of all who had honorably served in the armies and 
navies of the Union, thus receiving the plaudits of the people 
whom they had so ably served, there were sad thoughts not inhar- 
monious with the occasion. 

As they passed the reviewing-stand where representative men 
were assembled in their honor, the marching soldiers missed 
above all others that rugged, homely face which now would have 
been lit with a halo of glory. The great patient heart, that for 
four years had borne such a fearful strain, was now stilled. In all 
the land no one was nearer the soldier's heart than Abraham Lin- 
coln. 

Other forms were missing from the group — leaders of corps 
and of armies, of whom John F. Reynolds, McPherson, and Sedg- 
wick were types. 

But the thoughts of the soldiers were not then so much with 
the absent leaders as with the more familiar forms of comrades, 
dear to their hearts, but now numbered with the dead. Perchance 
they had been playmates in school-boy days and bosom friends 
in maturer years. Together they had responded to the call of an 
imperiled country, together had faced the dangers of the service. 
In camp and bivouac they had slept under the same blankets and 
shared the contents of their haversacks and canteens. 

These, their comrades, had not lived to hear the joyful shouts 



10 Grand Army of the PiEruBLic. 

of victory, and were not to receive the embraces of their loved 
ones. They had died that the Nation might live ! 

The fond affection cherished for the honored dead but stimu- 
lated the ties of sympathy and love for comrades living and shar- 
ing the thrilling memories of the years of national strife and war- 
fare now happily over. 

They were soon to part, each in his own way to fight the battle 
of life, to form new ties, new friendships, but never could they 
forget the sacred bond of comradeship welded in the fire of battle, 
that in after years, should be their stimulus to take upon them- 
selves the work confided to the people by President Lincoln " to 
bind up the Nation's wounds," " to care for him who shall have 
borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphan." 



CHAPTER II. 

VETERAN SOCIETIES. 

The parting of the veterans at their places of final discharge 
from the service inspired the desire that the friendships formed 
should be maintained through life, and but few regiments failed 
to arrange for future meetings at times that should commemorate 
some important event of their past history. 

It is impracticable to here make special reference to such regi- 
mental reunions, that even now, after nearly a quarter of a cen- 
tury has passed, are red-letter days in the lives of the participants. 
We can but note the corps and army and naval societies, repre- 
senting important and jDarticular parts or branches of service, 
whose members find a still broader field for the cultivation of 
this fraternity in the organization that embraces all who, on 
land or sea, honorably served their country — The Grand Army 

OP THE EePUBLIC. 

The Third Army Corps Union was the first army society or- 
ganized during the rebellion. The Third Army Corps, Army of 
the Potomac, was formed March 16, 1862. General Daniel E. 
Sickles was assigned to its command on February 8, 1863, and so 
served until disabled by the loss of a leg at Gettysburg. 

The First Division, after the death of General Kearny, at 
Chantilly, September 1, 1862, was commanded by General D. B. 
Birney, at whose headquarters a meeting of officers of the Corps 
was held September 2, 1863, to form an association, the main 
object at that time being to secure funds for embalming and send- 
ing home for burial the bodies of officers killed in battle or dying 
in hospitals at the front. 

General Sickles was elected President ; General D. B. Birney, 
Vice-President ; Captain Jos. Briscoe, New York, Recording Sec- 
retary ; Major H. E. Tremaine, New York, Corresponding Secre- 
tary ; and General Gershom Mott, Treasurer. General Mott 
served as Treasurer until his death, November 29, 1884. 

On September 30, 1863, another meeting was held, and General 



12 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Birney was elected President, as the disabled condition of General 
Sickles prevented bis serving. On July 4, 1864, another meet- 
ing was lield : General Sickles was elected President ; General 
D. B. Birney, Vice-President. General Birney died October 18, 
1864. 

On February 5, 1864, Surgeon Edward Welling, New Jersey, 
was appointed Corresponding Secretary, and on October 24, 1864, 
Recording Secretary, and has served continuously since in this 
position. 

The last meeting, held prior to their final muster-out, was on 
June 3, 1865. General Sickles, President ; General Mott, Vice- 
President ; Colonel E. L. Welling, Recording Secretary, and 
Colonel Chas. P. Mattocks, of Maine, Corresponding Secretary. 

Meetings have been held annually since the war on May 5, the 
anniversary of the battle of Williamsburg. The following have 
served as Presidents of the society since their muster-out of serv- 
ice : General Gershom Mott, 1866-67 ; General D. E. Sickles, 1868 
-69-70 ; General C. K. Graham, 1871-72 ; Colonel Clayton Mc- 
Michael, 1873-74 ; General Geo. H. Sharpe, 1875-76 ; General W. 
J. Sewell, 1877-78 ; General H. E. Tremaine, 1879-80 ; General E. 
R. Biles, 1881 ; Major W. P. Shreve, 1882 ; Major Willard Bullard, 
1883; Major John Barclay Fassitt, 1884; Colonel Baukson T. 
Morgan, 1885 ; Colonel Thos. Rafferty, 1886 ; Colonel A. Judson 
Clark, Newark, New Jersey, 1887. 

The twenty-fifth anniversary was held in New York city. May 
5, 1888, and after the business meeting and banquet, adjourned to 
meet at Gettysburg, Jnlj 1-3, for the purpose of laying the corner- 
stone of a monument for the Third Corps. 

The present officers are : President, Major-General Daniel E. 
Sickles, New York city ; Vice-President, Brevet Major-General 
C. H. T. Collis, New York city ; Recording Secretary, Colonel E. 
L. Welling, Pennington, New Jersey ; Treasurer, Major Wm. P. 
Shreve, Boston. 

All officers or enlisted men of the Third Corps, or who partic- 
ipated in the battles of the Corps, are eligible to membership. 

SOCIETY OF THE ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. 

This was Uw. second socii^ty organized during the rebellion. 
Tlu! preliminary meeting for tlie formation of tlie society was 
held in the Senate Chamber, at the State Capitol, Raleigh, North 



Veteran Societies. 



13 




Carolina, April 14, 1865. Brevet Brigadier- 
General W. B. Woods presided, and Major 
L. M. Dayton acted as Secretary. 

Major-Generals Frank P. Blair, Jr., John 
A. Logan, and A. J. Smith ; Brevet Major- 
General Giles A. Smith and Brevet Briga- 
dier-General W. B. Woods were appointed 
a committee to prepare a plan of organiza- 
tion. 

Lieutenant Robt. M. Woods, a year later 
the first Adjutant-General of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, and Captain George 
R. Steele, Adjutant of the first Post of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, participated 
in these meetings. 

General Blair reported the plan of or- 
ganization at an adjourned meeting, held 
in the same place, April 25. Membershij) 
in the society was restricted to officers who 
had served with the " Old Army of the 
Tennessee." 

The objects were stated as follows: " To 
keep alive and preserve that kindly and cordial feeling which 
has been one of the characteristics of this army during its 
career in the service, and which has given it such harmony 
of action, and contributed in no small degree to its glorious 
achievements in our country's cause. The fame and glory of 
all officers belonging to this army, who have fallen, either on 
the field of battle or in the line of their daily duty, shall be 
a sacred trust to this society, which shall cause proper memo- 
rials of their services to be collected and preserved, and thus 
transmit their names with honor to posterity. The families of 
all such officers who shall be in indigent circumstances will have 
a claim upon the generosity of the society, and will be relieved 
by the voluntary contributions of its members whenever brought 
to their attention. In like manner the suffering families of 
those officers who may hereafter be stricken by death shall be a 
trust in the hands of the survivors." 

Major-General John A. Rawlins was elected President of the 
society. He was then serving as Chief of Staff to Lieutenant- 
General Grant, and the committee, in recommending his elec- 



Badge, 
Army of the Tennessee. 



14 Grand Army of the Republic. 

tion, reported that they had agreed npon his name "in con- 
sideration of his eminent services in connection with the 'Army 
of the Tennessee,' and also because of his ability and fitness for 
the position." 

At the next meeting, in Cincinnati, November 14, 1866, the fol- 
lowing officers were elected : President, General John A. Eawlins ; 
Vice-Presidents, Major-Generals John A. Logan, F. P. Blair, Jr., 
R. J. OciLESBY, Giles A. Smith, ^Y. W. Belknap, Brigadier-General 
Cassius Fairchild ; Recording Secretary, Lieutenant-Colonel L. 
M. Dayton ; Corresponding Secretary, Brigadier-General A. HiCK- 
enlooper ; Treasurer, Major-General M. F. Force. 

General Rawlins remained President of the society until his 
death, September 6, 1869. 

General Sherman was then elected President, and is so serving 
at this date. The Recording Secretary has held that office from 
the first meeting, and the Corresponding Secretary and the Treas- 
urer since 1866. 

By an amendment to the constitution, any member may desig- 
nate by will the relative to whom such membership shall descend, 
and in default of such declaration, the eldest son shall inherit his 
father's title to enrollment in the society. 

The Society of the Army of the Tennessee erected in Washing- 
ton, at a cost of $50,000, a handsome equestrian statue of Major- 
General Rawlins, and has also placed an appropriate memorial, 
costing §i23,000, over the grave of Major-General James B. 
McPherson, at Clyde, Ohio, and an equestrian statue of General 
McPherson in AVashington. 

A monument in memory of General John A. Logan, will also 
be erected in Washington. 

society of the army of the CUMBERLAND. 

This society was organized in Cincinnati, February 16, 1868. 
Memljership is open to all officers and enlisted men who served in 
the Array of the Cumberland. 

Major-General Geo. H. Thomas was President until his death 
in 1870, when General W. S. Rosecrans was elected, who served 
during 1870-71. In 1872 General Philip H. Sheridan was elected 
President, and is still (June, 1888) serving in that position. 

The b;ulge of the sociiity was formally juloptod at a meeting of 
officers and soldiers, held at Artillery Corps Headquarters, Nash- 



Veteean Societies. 



15 




ville, June 10, 1865. Breyet Brigadier- 
General J. L. Donaldson, Brevet Brig- 
adier-General E. Opdycke, Brevet 
Colonel W. H. Greenwood, Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel W. L. Foulke, and Cap- 
tain R. N. Litson, served as the Com- 
mittee on Badge. 

The fact of the adoption of this 
badge was published by General Geo. 
H. Thomas in General Orders No. 41, 
dated Headquarters Department of 
the Cumberland, Nashville, Tennes- 
see, June 19, 1865, " to signalize and 
perpetuate the history of the Army 
of the Cumberland." 

The Eive-pointed Star was the 
badge of the 20th Army Corps, the 
Triangle of the 4th Army Corps, and 
the Acorn of the 14th Army Corps. 

The equestrian statue of General 
Geo. H. Thomas in Washington, was 
erected by this society in 1879, as an 
enduring tribute to the memory of their great leader. The statue 
cost $35,000. The pedestal was provided by Congress. In May, 
1887, the society erected a monument in memory of General 
James A. Garfield. 

The Society of the Army of the Ohio, Major-General John M. 
ScHOFiELD, President, and the Society of the Army of Georgia, 
Major-General Henry W. Slocum, President, were organized at 
Chicago, December 15, 1868, when a reunion of these Western 
societies was held. 

General Grant, then President-elect of the United States, so 
intimately associated by service with them, was j)resent, the cen- 
tral figure of a notable group: Grant, Sherman, and Thomas. 

General Thomas presided over the meeting, and General Sher- 
man made the address of welcome. Orations were delivered by 
representatives of each society as follows: 

Army of the Tennessee, General W. W. Belknap. 

Army of the Cumberland, General Chas. Cruft. 

Army of the Ohio, General J. D. Cox. 

Army of Georgia, General Wm. Cogswell. 



Badge, 
Army of the Cumberland 



i<; 



Grand Army of the Kepublic, 



SIGNAL CORPS. 




IJadge, 
Signal. Corps. 



The United States Veteran Signal Corps As- 
sociation was organized at Boston, November 
H, 181)7, Lieutenant J. "SVillard Brown, Presi- 
dent. Annual meetings have been held as fol- 
lows : September 1, 1877; September 6, 1878, 
and August 29, 1879, at Revere Beach, Massa- 
chusetts, Captain F. R. Shattuck, President ; 
August 2fi, 1880, Rocky Point, Rhode Island; 
August 25, 1881, Point of Pines, Massachusetts, 
Lieutenant J. Willard Brown, President ; August 
31, 1882, Fall River, Massachusetts, John F. Ridley, President; 
August 30, 1883, Hull, Massachusetts, F. W. Marston, President ; 
August 28, 1884, Crescent Beach, Massachusetts, Major A. B. 
('aj)ron, President ; August 27, 1885, Silver Spring, Rhode Island, 
and August 26, 1886, Brighton Beach, New York, Colonel J. C. 
Paine, President; August 25, 1887, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
rieueral B. F. Fisher, President. Secretary, Chas. D. ^V. Marcy, 
155 Franklin street, Boston, Massachusetts ; Historian, J. Willard 
Brown, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 



THE SOCIETY OF THE ARMY OF THE JAMES 

"Was organized in Boston, September 2, 1868, General Chas. 
Devens, Jr., President. Meetings were held in 1871, 1874, and 
lH7f), and tlie society then became incorporated with the Society 
of the Army of the Potomac. 



THE SOCIETY oF Jiri: HCHNSIDE EXPEDITION AND OF THE NINTH CORPS 

Wa.s organized in New York city, February 8, 1869. General A. 

E. liurnside was President until his death, in 1871. General A. 
li. U. Sprague, Vice-President, served as President until the next 
reunif)n, wlien General Jolin F. Parke was elected. General John 

F. Hartranft was elected President in 1884. 

The jiresent officers are : President, General Gilbert H. McKib- 
])in ; Vice-PreHident, Colonel R. H. I. Goddard ; Secretary and 
TreiiMurer, General C. H. Barney, 32 Nassau street, New York city. 



Veteean Societies. 



17 



AEMY OF THE POTOMAC. 




Badge, 
Akmy of the Potomac. 



The Society of the Army of the Potomac 
was organized in New York city, July 5, 
1869, and has held annual reunions since 
that date. All officers and soldiers who 
served in the Army of the Potomac and in 
the 10th and 18th Army Corps, Army of 
the James, are eligible to membership. 

The officers are a President, one Vice- 
President from each Army Corps, the First, 
Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Ninth, 
Eleventh, Twelfth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth, 
Artillery Corps, Cavalry Corps, and Signal 
Corps, and from the General Staflf ; a Treas- 
urer, Recording Secretary, and Correspond- 
ing Secretary. 

Meetings have been held and Presidents 
of the society elected as follows : 

1869, July 5, New York city, Lieutenant-General P. H. Sheridan 

1870, April 9, Philadelphia, Major-General Geo. G. Meade. 

1871, May 12, Boston, Major-General Joseph Hooker. 

1872, May 7, Cleveland, Major-General A. E. Burnside. 

1873, May 14, New Haven, Major-General Irwin McDowell. 

1874, May 12, Harrisburg, Major-General W. S. Hancock. 

1875, no meeting. 

1876, June 6, Philadelphia, Major-General John F. Hartranft. 

1877, June 27, Providence, Rhode Island, Major-General H 
Slocum. 

1878, June 5, Springfield, Massachusetts, Major-General ^\ 
Franklin. 

1879, June 18, Albany, Major-General Daniel E. Sickles, 

1880, June 16, Burlington, Vermont, Major-General H. G. Wright. 

1881, June 8, Hartford, Brevet Major-General Chas. Devens, Jr. 

1882, June 10, Detroit, Major-General A. A. Humphreys. 

1883, May 16, Washington, D. C, Brevet Major-General John 
Newton. 

1884, June 11, Brooklyn, New York, General Ulysses S. Grant. 

1885, May 7, Baltimore, General Ulysses S. Grant. 

1886, August 2, San Francisco, Brevet Major-General M. T. 
McMahon. 

2 



AV 



B. 



18 Grand Army of the Eepuhlic. 

1887, June 22, Saratoga Springs, Major-General John C. Robinson. 
Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Truesdell, New York city, 
is Treasurer ; Brevet Colonel Horatio C. King, New York city, 
Reeonliug Secretary ; Brevet Major-General Geo. H. Sharpe, Ron- 
(lout, New York, Corresponding Secretary. 



THE SOCIETY OF THE ARMY AND NAVY OF THE GULF 

AVas formed by officers who served in the DejDartment of the Gulf, 
at a meeting held at Long Branch, New Jersey, July 8, 1869. 
Admiral D. G. Farragut was President until his death, when Gen- 
eral Sheridan was elected. 



THE SOCIETY OF THE ARMY OF WEST VIRGINIA 

AVas organized at Moundsville, West Virginia, September 22, 
1870. General R. B. Hayes was the first President of the society. 
Large and interesting reunions have been held each year. 

Officers : President, General George Crook ; Vice-Presidents, 
General R. B. Hayes, General W. H. Powell, General I. H. Duval, 
General B. F. Kelley, General W. S. Rosecraus, General H. F. 
Devol, General W. H. Enochs, General R. H. Milroy, General Van 
H. Bukey, Major B. M. Skinner, Colonel H. B. Hubbard, General 
N. Gofi", Colonel John A. Turley, Colonel Robert Bruce, Colonel 
Thayer Melvin, Colonel J. F. Charlesworth, Colonel J. M. Sclioon- 
maker. Colonel D. D. Johnson, Major J. M. Overturf, Captain J. 
P. Hart, Captain N, R. AVarwick. 



THE MILITARY ORDER OF THE LOYAL LEGION OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Tlie " Loyal Legion " was the first society formed by officers 
honorably discharged from the service. 

On the day after the assassination of President Lincoln, Col- 
onel S. B. AA'ylie Mitchell, Captain Peter D. Keyser, M. D., and 
Lieutenant-Colonel T. Ellwood Zell, met at the office of the latter, 
ill Pliiliwlelphia, to arrange for a meeting of ex-officers of the army 
and navy to udcipt resolutions relative to the death of President 
Lincoln. 

The subject of a jx^riiianent organization was discussed, and 
tlif'Kf goiitloiiK'ii ;i}^r('('(l to consult otlior army fricMids, and bo pre- 



Veteran Societies. 



19 





Obverse. 



Reverse. 



Badge, Loyal Legion. 



pared to take more definite action at a meeting to be held on 
April 20. 

On the latter evening, after the adoption of the resolutions 
referred to, it was decided to efi'ect a permanent organization, and 
an adjourned meeting w&s, held for this purpose, in the hall of 
the Hibernia Fire Company, in Philadelphia, May 3, 1865. 

Lieutenant-Colonel Henry A. Cook presided, with Captain 
Chas. S. Greene, Secretary. The following were elected officers : 
President, Lieutenant-Colonel T. Ellwood Zell ; 1st Yice-Presi- 
dent, Lieutenant-Colonel H. A. Cook ; 2d Vice-President, Major 
Casper M. Berry ; Secretary, Colonel S. B. Wylie Mitchell, M. D.; 
Treasurer, Captain Peter D. Keyser, M. D. 

During the month of May, 1865, a constitution and by-laws 
were adopted, in part. 

The officers provided for, were : Commander, Senior and 'Junior 
Vice-Commanders, Eecorder, Correspondent, Treasurer, Chancel- 
lor, Chaplain, and Council. 



20 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

The orgauizatiou proviiloil for District (or local) Command- 
eries, Graud (State) Commauderies, and a Commandery-in-Cliief. 
A full corps of officers was elected November 1, 1865. 

COMMANDERS OF THE LOYAL LEGION. 

Lieutenant-Colouel T. Ellwood Zell, May to November 4tli, 
1865. 

Major-General George Cadwalader, Acting Commander-in- 
Chief, November 4th, 1865, until the date of his death, February 
3d, 1879. 

Major-General Winfield S. Hancock, Acting Commander-in- 
Chief, June 5th, 1879-October 21st, 1885 ; Commander-in-Chief, 
October 21st, 1885, to February Dth, 1886, when he died. 

Brevet Major-General Rutherford B, Hayes, Acting Command- 
er-in-Chief, February 9th to October 20th, 1886. 

General Philip H. Sheridan was elected Commander-in-Chief 
October 20th, 1886. 

RECORDERS. 

Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel S. B. Wylie Mitchell, Secretary, May 
17th-.Tuly 20th, 1865 ; Acting Recorder-in-Chief, July 21st, 1865- 
August 16th, 1869, the date of his death. 

Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel John P. Nicholson, Acting Record- 
er-in-Chief, August 21st, 1879-October 21st, 1885; Recorder-in- 
Chiof, October 21st, 1885. 

State Commauderies are located as follows : 



Veteran Societies. 



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22 Grand Aumy of the Republic. 

The Gram] Army of the Eepublic atlopted in part the titles of 
ottit-ers aud general plan of organization of the Loyal Legion. 
A part of the " Objects " of the G. A. K, Sec. 3tl, Art. II, Chap. I, 
" Loyalty," was copied from the constitution of the Loyal Legion 
by the Encampment at Indianapolis, November, 18G6. 

The essential difference in the two societies is in their terms of 
eligibility to membership, the Loyal Legion restricting member- 
ship of the first class to officers. 

THE CINCINNATI SOCIETY OF EX-AKMY AND NAVY OFFICERS 

Was organized in Cincinnati, October 2, 1874, " to preserve a feel- 
ing of friendship and cordiality among those who served in our 
National forces during the struggle for the preservation of the 
Republic, and also to keep a record of its members." 

Colonel Stanley Matthews was the first President. Meetings 
are held quarterly with an annual meeting followed by a banquet, 
on the 3d Thursday in January. 

PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE ASSOCIATION. 

This Association was formed by representatives of the fifteen 
Pennsylvania regiments organized in 1861, by Governor Curtin, in 
anticipation of a call for troops to serve for three years, under the 
title " Pennsylvania Reserves Corps," and were in active service 
during the whole period of the war, from the date of their mus- 
ter-in. 

A preliminary meeting of representatives was held in Phila- 
delphia, July 3d, 1866, when it was resolved to call a meeting at 
Lancaster, Septemljer 14, 1866, to effect a permanent organization, 
" to cherish the memories, perpetuate the friendships, and con- 
tinue the associations formed in the field." Governor A. G. Curtin 
was elected President, and has so continued to serve by election 
annually since. General H. G. Sickel, Vice-President ; Colonel J. 
I*. Taylor, Treasurer ; Jno. C. Harvey, Recording Secretary ; Col- 
onel Jno. H. Taggart, Corresponding Secretary. 

The present officers are : President, Ex-Governor Curtin ; one 
"N'ice-President from each regiment ; Recording Secretary, Captain 
Jolin Taylor, Plnla<l<d])liia ; Corresponding Secretary, Colonel 
Chill. W. Flazzard, Monongahela City; Treasurer, Wallace W. 
Johnson, IMiiliul(d])hia. 

l*«'iiiisylvania R(?serve Post No. I'.U, riiilad<di)liia, is composed 
exclusively of members who served in the Reserve Corps. 



Veteean Societies. 23 

veterans of the navy. 

The following associations are composed exclusively of men 

wlio served in the Navy during the rebellion : 

The Fcvrragut Veteran Association, of Philadelphia — Commander, 
George L. Varnick, 215 North Tenth street ; Secretary, Wil- 
liam Simmons, 1432 Wharton street. 

Connecticut Naval Veteran Association — President, Chas. A. Stillman, 
Hartford, Connecticut ; Secretary, Sherman W. Adams, Hart- 
ford, Connecticut. 

The Farragut Veteran Association of the Port of New York — Com- 
mander, S. L. B. McCallmount, 237 Willoughby avenue, 
Brooklyn ; Secretary, J. P. Holland, 225 Eleventh street, 
Brooklyn. 

Farragut Veteran Association of the West — Commander, J. W. Page, 
14 Ashland Block, Chicago, Illinois ; Secretary, T. H. Burke, 
14 Ashland Block, Chicago, Hlinois. 

Tlie Naval Veteran Legion of California — President, Martin Murray, 
215 Sutter street, San Francisco ; Secretary, E. G. King, 215 
Sutter street, San Francisco. 

The Essex Association of Naval Veterans, of Essex, Massachusetts — 
Commander, E. A. Winn, Salem, Massachusetts ; Secretary, 
E. A. Brown, Salem, Massachusetts ; Assistant Secretary, Paul 
Phalen, Lawrence, Massachusetts. 

Naval Veteran Association of the Gulf of Neiu Orleans — President, 
T. J. Woodward, 40 and 42 Canal street. New Orleans ; Secre- 
tary, Geo. J. Pinckard, 40 and 42 Canal street, New Orleans. 

Commodore Foote Naval Veteran Association, St. Louis, Missouri — 
Commander, J. C. Parker, 507 N. Third street, St. Louis, Mis- 
souri ; Secretary, Joseph Brown, Jr., 3611 Cass avenue, St. 
Louis, Missouri. 

The " Kearsarge " Association of Naval Veterans, of Boston, Massa- 
chusetts — Commodore, P. H. Kendricken, 46 Milliliont street, 
Boston, Massachusetts ; Secretary, Chas. E. Curtis, 46 Mill- 
mout street, Boston, Massachusetts. 

The "Monitor" Association of Naval Veterans, of Camden, Neio 
Jersey — Commander, R. A. Pierson, 564 Berkley street, Cam- 
den, New Jersey ; Secretary, D. A. Carter, 733 Federal street, 
Camden, New Jersey. 

On January 13, 1887, representatives from a number of these 
associations met in New York city, and formed the "National 



'2i Grand Army of the Republic. 

Association of Naval Veterans." Chas. W. Adams, Chicago, was 
elected Commodore, aud AVilliam Simmous, Philadelphia, Secre- 
tary. 

The second annual meeting was held in the quarters of Naval 
Post No. 4U0, Philadelphia, in January, 1888, and the folloAving 
officers were chosen : Commodore, Joseph Hadfield, New York ; 
Commander, George L. Yaruick, Philadelphia ; Paymaster, F. H. 
Grove, New York ; Surgeon, J. D. Murray, New Jersey ; Secretary, 
AVilliam Simmons, 1432 Wharton street, Philadelphia. 

Officers or enlisted men of the United States Naval, Revenue 
or Marine service, who served between April 12, 1861, and August 
25, 1865, are eligible to membership. 

Distinctively Naval Posts have been formed as follows : 

No. 400, Philadelphia, William Simmons, Commander. 
No. 51(5, New York city, F. H. Grove, Commander. 
No. 104, Hoboken, Louis Richards, Commander. 

Reference will be made in a closing chapter to other societies, 
and in the records of Departments to local or State societies form- 
ing the nucleus for the organization of the Grand Army of the 
Republic. 

VETERANS POLITICAL CLUBS. 

In referring to the political tendencies of the Grand Army of 
tlie Republic in the early years of its existence, it is necessary to 
n^call, ItrieHy, the political situation during that period. 

The reconstruction of the States in rebellion, when peace 
should be estal)lished by the surrender of the Confederate forces, 
was (nw. that necessarily occupied the earnest attention of Presi- 
dent Lincoln. 

His hist public speech, when receiving the congratulations of 
tilt; i)('o])h;. after the surrender of Lee, Avas deToted mainly to this 
question, and hi; had previously stated to a delegation of Virgin- 
ians in liichmond, who had there called upon him after the occu- 
pation of that city by Union troops, that his policy would be 
magnanimous, forgiving, and generous. 

The act that deprived the nation of his ]n-iceless services was 
a terribh' l)lo\v to tluj p(M)ple of the South, for it checked and 
retardc*! for yi^ars the magnanimous feeling that had developed in 
the North tlie moment that victory was assured. 

Andrew .bthnson, who as Vice-President succeeded to the Pres- 



Yeteean Societies. " 25 

idency on the death of Mr. Lincoln, was one of the notable men of 
the South. He had boldly and consistently opposed secession, and 
was the only Senator from the seceding States who remained true 
to his oath of fealty to the Union. Upon the earnest request of 
the President he had, in 1862, accepted the post of Military Gov- 
ernor of Tennessee, and in this trying position had loyally main- 
tained his devotion to his country. 

Assuming the Presidency under circumstances so appalling as 
the assassination of President Lincoln, it was but natural that he 
should strongly share the all-pervading horror of that crime. He 
lost no opportunity of expressing his conviction that traitors 
should be condignly punished. " To the conscious, intelligent, 
influential traitor who attempted to destroy the life of a nation I 
would say, on you be inflicted the severest penalties of your 
crime." Such sentiments created general apprehensions that a 
revengeful, retaliatory policy, more severe than was deemed neces- 
sary to secure the results settled by the war, would now be pur- 
sued. 

It is unnecessary to follow in detail the events which soon 
produced a radical change in the sentiments of President Johnson, 
which widely separated him from his party, and involved the 
country in bitter, rancorous political discussions. 

The Thirty-ninth Congress assembled in December, 1865, and 
entered vigorously upon the consideration of reconstruction 
measures. The debates and action of Congress culminated in the 
adoption, over the veto of the President, among other important 
measures, of the Civil Rights Bill. In public discussions and in 
the Republican papers Mr. Johnson was bitterly assailed for his 
alleged change of opinions. He answered in kind, and publicly 
denounced by name prominent Senators, Representatives, and 
citizens who differed from him on these questions. 

The political campaign of 1866 was fought mainly upon the 
issues involved in the disputes between President Johnson and 
the majority in Congress. In such a contest the veteran soldiers 
and sailors could not but feel and evince a deep interest. Many 
thousands who at the outbreak of the rebellion hadafiiliated with 
the Democratic Party were, at its close, in accord with the party 
which had made the vigorous prosecution of the war against 
rebellion its dominant principle. There were others, and in large 
numbers, too young to have taken any part in politics before the 
war, who were naturally influenced by their associations in the 



26 GiiAND Army of the Republic. 

service. The great mass of the soldier vote was Republican in 
I8r»<», l>ut it was not by any means a unit, for large nnmbers of 
gallant soldiers who had ably served their country in the field, 
were then, and have remained, Democrats in their political belief. 
During this period quite a number of influential soldiers iden- 
tified with the Republican Party espoused the cause of President 
Johnson, and these but added fuel to the flame, and inspired both 
jiarties to redoubled eflbrts to secure or retain the " soldier vote." 

POLITICAL VETERANS SOCIETIES. 

The events referred to excited alike all classes and parties, and 
induced among the veterans the formation of hundreds of political 
clubs, under such titles as " Boys in Blue," " Soldiers and Sailors 
Leagues," " AVliite Boys in Blue," " Conservative Army and Navy 
Union," " Colored Soldiers Leagues," etc. 

Both parties were represented in National Conventions of 
Soldiers and Sailors held in September, 1866. 

THE CONVENTION AT CLEVELAND. 

Representative soldiers, members of the Democratic Party, 
assembled in large numbers at Cleveland, Ohio, September 17, 
1866. General John E. Wool was chosen president of the conven- 
tion. Generals George A. Custer, Gordon Granger, J. B. Steadman, 
Lovell H. Rousseau, John A. McClernand, Thos. Ewing, Jr., 
Thomas L. Crittenden, Thomas E. Bramlette, E. S. Bragg, and 
ThoH. A. Davies were among the influential members of the con- 
vention. Resolutions strongly indorsing the course of President 
Johnson were adopted. 

TFIE CONVENTION AT PITTSBURG. 

The Soldiers and Sailors Republican Convention held in Pitts- 
burg, S('pt(niil)cr 2"), was also a large and notable asseml)lage. 
(Jeni-ral .John A. Logan luid l)een agreed upon for presitlent of the 
convj?ntion, but was ])revented from attending, and General Jacob 
D. Cox was rhosen. (Jeueral li. F. Butler was chairman of the 
cf)inii»itt<M' on resolutions. 

(leneral Grant liad ii]» to this time taken no part in politics, 
and his political vit-ws wore not puhlicly known, but ho took pains 



Veteran Societies. 27 

to rebuke a fellow-officer who claimed to know that he was in 
sympathy with President Johnson's policy. On the other hand, 
in response to an invitation to attend the Pittsburg convention, 
General Badeau wrote, " General Grant instructs me to say that it 
is contrary to his habit and to his conviction of duty to attend 
political meetings of any character whatsoever, and he sees with 
regret the action of any officer of the army taking a conspicuous 
part in the political discussions of the day." 

It is not our purpose to refer to the work of these conventions 
further than as they seemed to affect the Grand Army of the Re- 
public. 

The Department of Indiana was the only department repre- 
sented distinctly as such in the Pittsburg Convention, having 
representatives from 138 Posts, in response to a circular from de- 
partment headquarters, which said, " No convention of a similar 
character has ever been held, and it becoines us as loyal soldiers 
to cordially respond to the call. The American volunteer army, 
though disbanded, is yet a unit, and the same high emotions which 
knit its members together when hardship came and the conflict 
raged still actuate the mass of our soldiers." 

Major O. M. Wilson, Assistant Adjutant-General of the De- 
partment of Indiana, was exceedingly active during this conven- 
tion in interviewing leading representatives relative to the Grand 
Army of the Republic, urging the organization of Posts, and for 
this purpose he " obligated " quite a number from the East, in- 
structed them in the " work," and gave them copies of the rules 
and of the ritual. 

Under a resolution of the convention a committee was ap- 
pointed for the purpose of consolidating all veteran societies " in 
sympathy with the principles of the Union Republican Party." 

General Henry A. Barnum, New York, was appointed president 
of the executive committee to act with the following representa- 
tives of the societies named : Grand Army of the Republic, Gen- 
eral T. S. Allen, Wisconsin ; United States Service Club, Con- 
necticut, Colonel E. Blakeslee ; Maryland Boys in Blue, General 
A. M. Denison ; Michigan Boys in Blue, General R. A. Alger ; 
Soldiers and Sailors Union, Washington, D. C, Major H. A. Hall. 

This action resulted in the formation of a national organiza- 
tion of " Boys in Blue" for the presidential campaign of 1868. 
The Grand Army of the Republic was not further officially iden- 
tified with that movement. 



28 Grand Army of the Republic. 

The formation of these clubs, while in a great measure the 
natural result of the exciting discussions of that period, was 
also largely controlled and directed by another motive. The gen- 
eral sentiment of the patriotic jDeople was that the men who had 
given up chances for advancement at home, and of making pro- 
vision for their families in the many avenues of trade and com- 
merce stimulated by the war, who had returned with a good 
record of service, or wounded or disabled, should be entitled to 
consideration in the distribution of offices under the local, State, 
or national governments. 

They hjul been led to believe during the war that the able- 
bodied men who had remained at home would cheerfully concede 
})laces of honor and profit to the veterans whose services and sac- 
rifices had " preserved us a nation." 

However prettily this theory sounded in a newspaper leader 
for encouraging enlistments, it did not work when applied to 
" practical politics." Politicians entrenched in positions were not 
willing to surrender them to gratify merely sentimental whims, 
and strongly objected to interference with plans which had always 
one leading object — the retention of place and power by them- 
selves or by others selected to succeed them because of political 
service. 

The returning veterans who desired to take an active part in 
politics in 1865-6, were looked upon by those most directly inter- 
ested in pursuing a contrary course, as intruding upon a domain 
in which they had no right to enter. They were expected to be 
satisfied with the glories of their past martial life, and leave 
" i»<)litics " to those who better understood that science. 

These veteran clubs were therefore, at this time, an absolute 
necessity for the protection and advancement of soldiers and 
sailors in and to positions of trust and emolument. They could 
thus concentrate their efi'orts and command the attention of nia- 
nipnhitors of conventions. That mistakes were made, that often- 
times unworthy men were pushed forward in the over-zeal of com- 
rad«*shi]), is true ; nevertheless many a worthy soldier was ben- 
cfitttd by the organization of the "Boys in Blue" and similar 
Hocieties. The hearts of the loyal and patriotic people were with 
them and sustained tlicir action. 

In the Hiist, after the fall ehictions oi 1866, these clubs were 
ready to disband ; their work was practically over for a time, but 



Veteran Societies. 29 

the warm feelings of comradesliip led to inquiries for a better and 
more permanent organization. 

No Post had been established east of Ohio prior to October, 
1866, but when a beginning was effected in any of the Eastern 
States, these clubs, which were composed only of those eligible to 
membership in the Grand Army of the Republic, naturally formed 
the nucleus for the Posts which were thereafter rapidly formed, 
in many instances, wholly from " Boys in Blue," or similar asso- 
ciations. 

Secret political societies may have had a reason for their exist- 
ence in time of actual war, but they were generally looked upon 
as unnecessary, if not a public menace, in times of peace. The 
strong underlying sentiment on this subject certainly militated 
against the Grand Army of the Republic, and it required years to 
remove the prejudice then created. 

It could hardly be expected that the public should be able at 
first to distinguish between Posts of the Grand Army and clubs 
of Boys in Blue, when composed largely of the same individuals 
and sometimes officered by the same persons, and, in the excited 
condition of political affairs, members of the Grand Army of the 
Republic were not at all careful to maintain the distinction in 
the widely different objects of these so'cieties. When, therefore. 
Posts of the Grand Army attended political meetings wearing 
the army caps or badges, or aided in sending delegates to a con- 
vention on behalf of some favored friend or comrade, the jjublic 
was not far wrong in believing the Order had decided partisan 
proclivities. 

But there were instances where Posts went further than this, 
and directly presented names i6r nomination for offices, with the 
threat, implied if not uttered, that failure to so nominate would 
drive them into the ranks of the opposition. Such action soon 
created internal dissensions in the struggle for control and advan- 
tage, and this was skillfully fomented from without by those whose 
personal interests were jeopardized by the adverse action of these 
Posts. 

While such action was mainly local, and confined to a small 
area, the Order at large was held responsible, and the public dis- 
trust of political methods by a secret society, grew so strong, that 
it became almost impossible to establish Posts in new fields, while 
others surrendered their charters or became defunct without that 
formality. 



30 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Other causes, however, aided during this period in the almost 
total disruption of the Order. Many thousands of veterans were 
unsettled as to their future, their places had been filled by 
others, and even those physically capable of competing for work 
were compelled to seek new fields for employment. To these the 
political campaigns were only a diversion, and then they drifted 
somewhat mechanically into the Grand Army, and when their 
curiosity was satisfied, allowed their names to be dropped from 
its rolls. Large numbers of the younger men were devoting 
attention to other matters— were getting married and raising 
families. They w^ere building for the future and did not desire 
to be hampered with other work than that affecting their own 
direct interests. 

It would be unfair to hold officers of either the National En- 
campment or of Departments in any degree responsible for this 
condition of afi'airs in the Grand Army of the Republic. The 
Avhole people w^ere equally excited and unsettled, and the causes so 
strongly affecting the Grand Army were beyond the control of any 
of its officers. 

There were, however, many who recognized the power for 
good existing in such an organization of veterans, and who be- 
lieved that it could be maintained if placed upon a purely non- 
partisan basis, and that it could not be maintained on any other. 

In January, 1868, the National Encampment declared that while 
it was the purpose of the Grand Army " to secure the rights of 
these defenders of their country by all moral, social and political 
means in our control," "yet this association does not design to 
make nominations for office, or to use its influence as a secret or- 
ganization for partisan purposes.'* 

In 1809, the following Article was added to the Rules and Reg- 
ulations : 

" No officer or comrade of the Grand Army of the Republic 
shall in any manner use this f)rgauization for partisan purposes, 
and no discussion of })iirtisan (juestions sliall be permitted at any 

of its meetings, nor shall any nominations for political office be 

1)1 
e. 

This lius coiitinnod to b(> the law of the Grand Army of the 
Repul)lic, and iiiidtT it ilui organization has grown to be a power- 
ful iiitluciKM- for good, a grand conservator of peace. 

Tim Grand Army lias used this influ(Mice to secure legislation 
for tin- care and <'(lucation of oi'phans of dead comrades, for in- 



Veteran Societies. 31 

creased pensions for widows and orphans and dependent parents, 
and for homes for homeless veterans upon whom the hand of ad- 
versity has heavily fallen. It has urged an increase of pensions for 
the disabled to help them in their advancing years and increasing 
infirmities, and has sought to remove from the nation the shame 
of permitting men who saved its life to live, die, and be buried as 
paupers in the land they helped to save. 

While asking State and Nation for needed aid for the unfor- 
tunate, they have not been unmindful of their own obligations to 
suffering comrades. As will be shown by the official reports, hun- 
dreds of thousands of dollars have been annually disbursed by the 
Grand Army for charity, in addition to the personal donations of 
members that must amount to fully as much more. 

And what account shall be taken of fraternal visits to homes of 
afflicted comrades — a work shared in later years by the Woman's 
Eelief Corps, and by Ladies' Aids under different names ; of the 
comfort given the dying veteran in the assurance that wife and 
children should be cared for and not left to the cold charity of a 
heedless world ? 

The work of the Grand Army has been carried on without dis- 
tinction of party or creed, rank or color, and very largely for those 
who have remained outside the organization and have contributed 
nothing for its support. 

The Grand Army of the Republic has long outgrown the mis- 
takes of its infancy. With a membership drawn only from the 
limited number who were privileged to wear the uniform of their 
country in the days of its great peril, the growth of the Order for 
some years past has been phenomenal. 

In examining the statistics of membership elsewhere jDresented, 
it should be borne in mind that each year brings an ever-increas- 
ing death-rate among the survivors. 

It is now over twenty-two years since Dr. Stephenson for- 
mulated the plans for this organization of veterans of the war 
against rebellion. His body has long lain in that bea'utiful ceme- 
tery on the banks of the Sangamon River, but his work goes 
grandly on. 

The cultivation of fraternity in this, the grandest association 
of soldiers and sailors ever formed, the exemplification of charity 
to the distressed have been only portions of the work of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. 

It has countenanced nothing of personal animosities against 



32 CJuAND Army of the Kepublic 

tliose who, a quarter of a century ago, so wrongfully arrayed 
themselves against their country, but has sought to more deeply 
imj)ress upon rising generations the lessons to be drawn from the 
liistory of the past, and which have been indelibly impressed 
upon the heart of the Nation at such great cost of life and treas- 
ure — that the highest duty of the citizen is loyalty to his country 
and its ilag! 




/3 /' J^^O^Z^^-'Mu^^c.^X^^i^ 



CHAPTER III. 



ORGANIZATION OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 



The Reverend William J. Rutledge, now residing in Peters- 
burg, Illinois, was born of a noted family in Yirginia, June 24, 
1820. 

In 1835 he emigrated to Ji^^ip^'^^ 

Illinois, and at the age of 
twenty entered the minis- 
try of the Methodist Epis- 
copal Church. For over 
forty-seven years he has 
been laboring as preacher 
and chaplain, and is to-day 
the happy possessor of a 
strong body and a vigorous 
intellect. 

Upon the breaking out 
of the Rebellion he enlisted 
as Chaplain of the 14tli 
Illinois Infantry, and 
served the three-years 
term. One son, a boy of 

16, enlisted in the Third Illinois Cavalry ; another was a drummer- 
boy at the age of twelve. 

Chaplain Rutledge was the tent-mate and bosom companion of 
Dr. Stephenson, after the latter joined this regiment in 1862. 
Their regiment formed part of Sherman's Expedition to Meridian, 
in February, 1864, and while upon this campaign, Chaplain Rut- 
ledge suggested to Major Stephenson, that the soldiers so closely 
allied in the fellowship of suffering, would, when mustered out of 
the service, naturally desire some form of association that would 
preserve the friendships and the memories of their common trials 
and dangers. 

As they talked together, on the march or in bivouac, this 
thought expanded into the widest fields of conjecture as to the 
3 [33] 




Chaplain W. J. Rutledge. 



34 



Grand Army of the Eepqblic. 



capiicity for f^ooil iu such au orgauization of veterans, and they 
airreeil that if spared they would together work out some such 
project. 

After the close of their army service this subject formed the 
hasis of their correspondence, until March, 1866, when Chaplain 
Kutledge met Dr. Stephenson, by appointment, in Springfield, 
Illinois, and spent some time with him iu arranging a ritual for 
tlie ])r()posed organization. 

Before this date, however, Dr. 
Stephenson had shown notes of 
a j3roposed ritual to persons in 
Springfield, and Major A. A. 
North, then a clerk in the drug 
store with which Dr. Stephenson 
was connected, was shown such 
drafts early in the Winter of 1865 
-GC), which frequently formed 
the subject of conversation. 

Comrade Fred. I. Dean, now 
of Fort Smith, Arkansas, states 
that in February, 1866, Dr. 
Stephenson asked his co-opera- 
tion in writing out the rough 
notes of the ritual, and that then 
he and the business associates 
of Dr. Stephenson, Drs. Allen and Hamilton, were obligated in 
the Grand Army work. 

There are naturally some differences in the statements of those 
now surviving, who participated in the preliminary work of the 
(Jrand Army of the Republic — differences occasioned largely by 
the necessity for relying Tipou memory, after this lapse of time, 
for details of matters that did not then seem so important, and 
of which there are but meagre records. 

The following are known to have participated in the confer- 
ences in Springfield that finally resulted in the organization of the 
Grand Army of the li('])n])lic : Colonel John M. Snyder, Doctor 
.TamcH Hamiltf)n, Major llobert ]\I. Woods, Major Ilobert Allen, 
('ha])laiii Williain J. llutledge. Colonel Martin Flood, Colonel 
Daniel (irass, (Colonel Edward Prince, Captain John S. Phelps, 
(.'aj)tain John A. Lightfoot, Ca])tain (since Colonel) 13. F. Smith, 




M.vjiju A. A. XoiiTH. 



Oeganization. 35 

Brevet Major A, A. North, Captain Henry E. Howe, and Lieuten- 
ant (since Colonel) B. F. Hawkes. 

Meetings Avere first held in the offices of Drs. Allen, Hamilton, 
and Stephenson, and afterwards in the office of Colonel John M. 
Snyder, then Secretary to Governor Oglesby. 

One of Dr. Stephenson's active associates at that time was 
Captain John S. Phelps, who had enlisted as a private in Company 
B, 32d Illinois Infantry, and, at the age of 18 years, had been pro- 
moted to be First Lieutenant " for meritorious conduct at Fort 
Donelson and Pittsburg Landing." His interest in the matter 
Avas strong and practical, and he urged Dr. Stephenson to at once 
make a beginning by effecting an organization in Springfield. 

Captain Phelps also corresponded with the Soldiers and Sail- 
ors League in St. Louis, and obtained a copy of their ritual, por- 
tions of which were used for the Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

The name for the organization had not been decided upon in 
March, and it is probable that the " work " of an Order started in 
1865 in Missouri, " The Advance Guard op America " or " The 
Grand Army of Progress," suggested the present title. 

AVhen the ritual was finally deemed ready for printing, in order 
that due secrecy might be secured, Governor Oglesby, who had 
baen consulted, suggested that it should be printed in Decatur by 
the proprietors of the Decatur Tribime, I. AV. Coltrin and Joseph 
Prior, who, with their employees, had been in the military service. 

After some correspondence with them on this subject. Captain 
Phelps was sent to Decatur to supervise the printing of the Ritual, 
first obligating Messrs. Coltrin and Prior and their compositors 
to secrecy. 

Captain Phelps, during his stay in Decatur, also called on a 
number of his soldier friends, principally members of the 41st 
Illinois Infantry, and sought their co-operation. 

"While this work Avas under way, Dr. J. W. Routh, of Deca- 
tur, who was intimately acquainted with Major Stephenson, went 
to Springfield to make personal inquiries about the proposed or- 
ganization, and he interested Captain M. F. Kanan in his mission. 
Together they called upon Major Stephenson, and this visit re- 
sulted in their determination to at once organize a Post in De- 
catur. 

On the return of Dr. Routh and Captain Kanan, but a short 
time was required to secure signatures to an application for a 
charter ; and, anxious to be the first to organize, they again Avent 



36 



Grand Army of the IIepuhlic 




to Sprinf^fioltl to jn-esent the application in person and arrange 
for the inusttT, 

Ac'corilingly, ou the sixth day of April, 1866, Major Stephenson, 
assisted by Captain Phelps, organized at Decatur the first Post of 
the Grand Army of the Republic. 

The Charter reads as follows : 



Grand Army of the Republic, 
Department of Illinois. 



To all whom it may concern, greeting : 

Know ye, that the Commander of the Department of Illinois, 
reposing special trust and confidence in the patriotism and fidelity 
of M. F. Kauau, G. E. Steele, Geo. H. Dunning, I. C. Pugh, J. H. 
Nale, J. T. Bishop, C. Pteibsame, J. AV. Routh, B. F. Sibley, I. N. 
Coltrin, Joseph Prior, and A. Toland, does, by the authority in 
him vested, empower and constitute them Charter Members of an 
Encampment of the Grand Army of the Piepublic, to be known as 
Post 1, of Decatur, District of Macon, Department of Illinois, 
and they are hereby constituted as said Post, and authorized to 
make By-Laws for the government of said Post, and to do and 
perform all acts necessary to conduct and carry on said organiza- 
tion in accordance with the Constitution of the Grand Army of 
the Republic. 

DoiK' ;it S])ringfield, Illinois, this 6th day of April, 1866. 

B. F. STEPHENSON, 

Commander of Department. 

RoiiKiiT ]\r. AVooDs, Adjulanf- General. 



TIm iiiiiiutcs of the first meeting read as follows : 

\ • all iiifoiiiial iiH'eting held April 6, 1866, for the purpose of 
<»rgHiii/ing an J*2ncampment of the (irand Army of the Republic, 
the following-named jx-rsons were miistered by Major Stephenson, 
and constituted Charter IMembers : I. C. Pugh, Geo. R. Steele, 
J. \V. Routh, Jos. Prior, J. H. Nale, J. T. Bishop, G. H. Dunning, 
B. !•'. Sibley, M. V. Kanan, C. ]{eibsame, I. N. Coltrin, Aquilla 
T«)hind ; whrn, u])(ni motion, the I^iiicampment entered into an 
election of ollicers with the following result : 




Group of Charter Members, Post 1. 



Oeganization. 37 

" Officers of the District — Brigadier-General I. C. Pugli, 
Commandant District ; Lieutenant-Colonel J. H. Nale, District 
Quarter-Master; Dr. J. W. Routh, Adjutant. 

" Officers for the Post — M. F. Kanan, Post Commander ; G. 
R. Steele, Post Adjutant ; G. H. Dunning, Post Quarter-Master ; 
C. Eeibsame, Officer of the Day ; J. T. Bishop, Officer of the 
Guard ; J. W. Routh, Post Surgeon ; all of whom were duly mus- 
tered by Major Stephenson, who then declared the Encampment 
duly organized and ready for the transaction of any and all busi- 
ness which might come before it, and assigned to it the post of 
HONOR as 

" Decatur Encampment, No. 1. 

" On motion, a committee of two was appointed to procure a 
suitable room for the Encampment and report at the next regular 
meeting. Captains Kanan and Dunning, Committee. 

" On motion Tuesday was decided u]3on as the night for regu- 
lar meetings. 

" On motion adjourned to meet April 10, 1866. 

"Signed, M. E. KANAN, P. C. 

" G. R. Steele, P. J." ■ 

At the meeting on April 10th, N. G. Burns, Henry Gorman, N. 
E. Winholtz, W. H. Andrews, and AY. H. B. Rowe, Avere mustered 
in due form, and thus became the first recruits after the organiza- 
tion of the Post. 

The following is the military record of the charter members 
of this Post : 

records of charter members post no. one, DECATUR, ILLINOIS. 

M. F. Kanan was born in the State of New York. Enlisted 
at Decatur, Illinois, July 27, 1861, as First Lieutenant, Company 
A, 41st Illinois Infantry, and served with his regiment in all of 
Grant's campaigns in the West, among which were the capture of 
Forts Heiman, Henry, and Donelson, Corinth, and Vicksburg, 
being wounded at Donelson. He also participated in the battles 
of " Shiloh," " Hatchie," and the charge of Colonel L C. Pugh's 
Brigade at Jackson, Mississippi, on July 12, 1862, when more than 
two-thirds of the entire Brigade were either killed or wounded. 
He was promoted to be Captain for meritorious services at the 
battle of Shiloh ; afterwards served on the staff of Major-General 
M. M. Crocker, and was for a time assigned by Major-General Jas. 



38 Grand Army of the Republic. 

B. McPherson as Assistant Provost-Marslial of the 17th Army 
Corps at Yieksburg, Mississippi. 

He returued to his regiment in the Spring of 1864, and com- 
manded the 41st Illinois Veteran Battalion in the campaign 
against Atlanta. He resigned November 10, 1864, and was after- 
ward employed in the Adjutant-General's Department at Spring- 
field, Illinois, nntil the close of the war. 

He is now (1888) serving his second term as Mayor of Decatur, 
and is a member of Post No. 141, Department of Illinois. 

Geo. E. Steele was born in Springfield, Ohio, September 12, 
1836 ; moved to Illinois in December, 1856 ; enlisted as Second 
Lieutenant, Company A, 41st Illinois Infantry, July 27, 1861, at 
Decatur, and served in the campaign which resulted in the cap- 
tiTre of Forts Henry, Heiman, and Donelson. 

He served as Adjutant of his regiment during the battles of 
Shiloh, the advance on Corinth, occupation of Memphis, Tennes- 
see, and the battle of Hatchie. In November, 1862, was ajDpointed 
Cajstain and Aide-de-camp, and assigned to duty on the staff of 
Major-General James B. McPherson, commanding 17tli Army 
Corps, and took an active part in all of the campaigns of that 
Corps, including the marches, battles, and operations which re- 
sulted in the capture of Vicksburg, 

In March, 1864, he accompanied Major-General McPherson to 
Huntsville, Alabama, Avhen that General was assigned to the com- 
mand of the " Army of the Tennessee," and served on his staff dur- 
ing the campaign against Atlanta, including the battle of Jnlj 22, 
1864, where General McPherson was killed. By order of General 
"\V. T. Sherman he accompanied the remains of General McPher- 
son to their last resting-place at Clyde, Ohio. 

He was afterwards assigned to dutj^ as Aide-de-camp to Major- 
General Frank P. Ijlair, who succeeded to the command of the 
17th Army Corps. 

He served with General Blair on Sherman's March to the Sea, 
the occupation of Savannah, Georgia, the campaign through the 
Carolinas, and the occupation of Columbia, South Carolina, and 
Raleigli, North Carolina, Brevetted Major, United States Yolun- 
teers, Marcli 13, 1865 ; was present at the meeting of Generals 
Sherman and J(jhnston, April 17, 1865, near Kalrigh, North Caro- 
lina, wliere negotiations were hiul for the surrender of Johnston's 
Army. 



Organization. 39 

He was present and took part in the organization of the 
" Society of the Army of the Tennessee," in the State Capitol 
building at Ealeigh, North Carolina, April 14, 1865. Participated 
in the " Grand Eeview " at Washington, D. C, and after the mus- 
ter-out of the troops of the 17th Army Corps, at Louisville, Ken- 
tucky, was assigned to duty with General Blair at St. Louis, 
Missouri, and was mustered-out of the military service November 
22, 1865. 

Has since resided at Decatur, Illinois, and is now (1888) Treas- 
urer of Macon County, Illinois, an active Grand Army man, and 
a charter member of Post No. 141, Department of Illinois. 

Geo. H. Dunning entered the Army from Decatur, as Captain 
Company A, 21st Illinois Infantry (Grant's Kegiment), May 17, 
1861, serving until October 21, 1862, when, on account of ill health, 
he resigned, and has since died. 

Isaac C. Pugh was a veteran of the Black Hawk and Mexican 
Wars. 

He entered the three months service April 16, 1861, as Caj)tain 
of Company A, 8th Illinois Infantry. At the expiration of this 
term he returned to Decatur, Illinois, and organized the 41st Illi- 
nois Infantry, which regiment served with the Army of the Ten- 
nessee, being actively engaged in all the campaigns of that army. 

He was mustered-out August 20th, 1864, and was brevetted 
Brigadier-General of Volunteers, March 10, 1865. After his mus- 
ter-out he served four years as Clerk of Macon County, Illinois, 
and was appointed Postmaster at Decatur during Presidei^*. Grant's 
administration. He died while holding that position. 

John H. Nale entered the service July 27, 1861, as Captain 
Company A, 41st Illinois Infantry, and was in active service with 
his regiment during all its marches and engagements. 

Promoted to be Major, April 8, 1862, Lieutenant-Colonel, De- 
cember 26, 1862 ; mustered-out August 20, 1864. 

When the last call was made for troops he re-snlisted as Cap- 
tain Company K, 152d Illinois Infantry, and was mustered-out as 
Major at the close of the war. He then located at Decatur, Illi- 
nois, and afterward moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he died 
of yellow fever. 

J. T. Bishop entered the service as First Lieutenant, Comj^a- 
ny I, 116th Illinois Infantry, September 6, 1862 ; was promoted 



40 Oh.vnd Army of the Republic. 

to Captain April 'i;"), 1863 ; served iu the 15tli (Logan's) Corps ; 
was in the eanipaifjju of Grant which resulted in the capture of 
A'ickshurg ; with Sherman to Chattanooga, Tennessee, participating 
in tlie battle of Missionary Ridge and the march to Knoxville to 
the relief of ]Ju)-nside's command. Resigned March 30, 1864, and 
returned to Decatur ; subsequently moved to the East, and is Sec- 
retary of the Oil Companies at Bradford, Pennsylvania, and a 
member of Post No. 141, Department of Pennsylvania. 

Christian Riebsame, a native of Rhenish Bavaria, Germany, 
enlisted as private in Company B, 116th Illinois Infantry, August 
11, 1862 ; was promoted to Sergeant, then First Lieutenant, Jan- 
uary, 1863, and Captain, January 28, 1864. His regiment was as- 
signed to the 2d Division of the 15th (^Logan's) Corps, and partic- 
ipated in all the battles and marches of that corps from Memphis, 
in 1862, to Bentonville, North Carolina, 1865, including Yicksburg, 
Chattanooga, Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, July 22 
and 28, 18(54, Sherman's March to the Sea, the Storming of Fort 
McAllister, the Campaign through the Carolinas, and the Capture 
of Columbia, South Carolina. 

A\'as in the Grand Review at AYashington, D. C, and was mus- 
tered-out June 7, 1865. 

He retiirned to Decatur, and resided there until 1869, when he 
moved to Bloomiugton, Illinois. He is very active in all matters 
of interest to the comrades of the late war, is a life member of the 
Society of the Army of the Tennessee, a pioneer of the North 
American Turners-bund of St. Louis, and a member of Post No. 
146, Bloomington, Department of Illinois. 

J. W. RouTH enlisted as CorjDoral in Company A, 41st Illinois 
Infantry, July 27, 1861, from Decatur, Illinois. 

Served Avitli his company at the capture of Forts Heiman, 
Henry, and Donelson ; was then promoted to Hospital Steward, 
and served as such during his term of enlistment. 

During the Yicksburg campaign, and after the capture of that 
city, Comrade Routh served as Hospital SteAvard of a General 
Field Hospital in charge of Dr. B. F. Stephenson ; they became 
warm personal friends, and Dr. Routh was among the first to 
wliom Dr. Stephenson confided his project for the organization 
of a society of the soldiers and sailors of the war of the rebellion. 

Dr. Routh was mustered-out with his regiment, August 10, 
1864. He i)racticed UK^dicine iu Decatur for several years, then 
removed to St. I'aiil, Aliunesota, whore he died in 1886. 




Group of Ceiarter Members, Po3r 1. 



Organization, 41 

B. F. Sibley was a practicing physician in Decatur at the 
time of the breaking out of the war ; enlisted in the 21st Illinois 
Infantry, acting as Surgeon. Eesigned in the fall of 1862 on ac- 
count of ill health ; returned to Decatur, where he now resides 
and continues the practice of his profession. 

Isaac N. Coltrin entered the service June 23, 1862, from Clin- 
ton, Illinois, in Company E, 66th Illinois Infantry. During its 
term of service this regiment was with the Army of Virginia and of 
the Potomac. He was mustered-out in September, 1862, and then 
settled at Decatur. He, with Joseph M, Prior, commenced the 
publication of the Decatur Trihime. They printed the first ritual 
for the Grand Army of the Republic. He still lives in Decatur, 
and is a practical printer in the office of the Decatur Republican. 

Joseph M. Prior entered the service as First Sergeant, Com- 
pany E, 68th Illinois Infantry, May 30, 1862, from Clinton, Illi- 
nois ; was mustered-out in September, 1862, settling in Decatur ; 
joined I. N. Coltrin in the publication of the Decatur Tribune, 
and assisted in printing the first ritual. He subsequently moved 
to East St. Louis, Illinois, where he died. 

Aquilla Toland enlisted as private. Company E, 17th Ohio 
Infantry, in London, Ohio, at the first call for troops to serve 
three months. He and a friend were the first to enrol their 
names as volunteers in Madison County, Illinois. After the ex- 
piration of his term of enlistment he re-enlisted in Company A, 
118th Regular Ohio Infantry ; was promoted to be First Lieu- 
tenant, and was much of the time in command of his company on 
account of the physical disability of his captain. 

After having been mustered-out of the service, he returned to 
London, Ohio ; subsequently moved to Decatur ; took an active 
part in the organization of Post One, and always contributed 
financially to the relief of soldiers in distress. Purchasing a 
farm some 12 or 15 miles northwest from Decatur, he engaged 
in agricultural pursuits until his death in 1878. 

THE RITUAL. 

In preparing the ritual, Major Stephenson evidently thought 
that all his ideas in relation to the objects to be accomplished by 
the organization should be fully elaborated. He had added sug- 



42 



Grand Army of the Eepublic, 



gestions of others until the ritual became exceedingly lengthy ; 
the commander's charge alone contained nearly two thousand 
words, equal to four of these pages. Prior to the organization of 
the Decatur Post, on the request of Major Stephenson, a commit- 
tee, consisting of Dr. Eouth, M. F. Kanan, J. T. Bishop, George 
R. Steele and G. H. Dunning, read over the MSS. of the ritual, to 
suggest amendments, but on April 18, 1866, Major Stephenson 
asrain referred to the matter as follows : 

o 




Oeganization. 43 

This letter was read to the Post, and comrades Bishop, Dun- 
ning, Mory, Sibley and Glass were constituted a committee to 
comply with the request. Comrades Dunning, Nale and Steele 
were appointed a committee to draft regulations (by-laws) for the 
Post. Up to this date no constitution had been drafted, though 
the general plans had been discussed. 

On April 29, Major Stephenson again wrote Captain Kanan, 
urging him either to send immediately, or personally take a co'pj 
of the constitution and ritual to Springfield " for comparison with 
a draft being made " there, that they might "cull and select the 
best of both." 

The minutes of May 9 note a report from the committee that 
" the regulations and ritual had been presented to Department 
Headquarters and accepted." The original ritual had been re- 
vised, as one of the committee has since stated, by the free use of 
paste and scissors — cutting out nearly one-half of the commander's 
charge. 

CONSTITUTION. 

The constitution thus agreed upon was printed in Springfield, 
and copies sent to the Decatur Post on May 15, followed shortly 
after by copies of the revised ritual. 

The plan of organization j)rovided for — 

Isl — Precinct Organizations, to be known as Post No. 

(name of city, town, township, ward, or precinct). The oflicers to 
be Post Commander, Adjutant, and Quartermaster (presumably by 
election), and " an Officer of the Day and such other officers as 
may be necessary for the transaction of business, to be detailed by 
the commanding officer." 

2d — County Organizations, to be known as District of (name 
of county), with a District Commander, an Assistant Adjutant 
General and District Quartermaster. 

3d — State Organizations, to be known as Department of 
(name of State). Officers — Dej)artmeut Commander, Adjutant- 
General, Assistant Adjutant-General and Quartermaster-General. 

4th — The National Organization, to be known as " The 
Grand Army of the Republic." The officers to be a Command- 
ing Officer, Adjutant-General and Quartermaster-General. 

In the constitution jDrinted in May, the letters U. S. A. are not 
appended to the title, but were used in signatures to documents at 



44 Grand Aumy of the Eepublic. 

that time aud later, making' the title read " Grand Army of the 
RepuMic, V. S. A." 

REPRESENTATION. 

Posts Avere to have no direct representation in the Department 
Encampment. The County or District Organization Avas to be 
composed of one delegate for every ten members of the Grand 
Army of the District. The District Organization had general 
supervision of Posts, and the establishment of new Posts. Each 
District was entitled to one delegate in the Department Organiza- 
tion, Avhich was to meet once in each year. 

The 'National Organization was to be composed of two dele- 
gates from each Department. The constitution, as amended by 
the convention at Springfield, July 12, 1866, made no change in 
the mode or ratio of representation as above given, but provided 
for additional officers, as follows : 

In the National Organization, an Assistant Commanding Offi- 
cer, Surgeon-General and Chaplain. In Departments, an Assist- 
ant Dejoartment Commander, Surgeon-General and Chaplain. In 
Posts, an Assistant Post Commander, Post Surgeon, Post Chap- 
lain, Officer of the Day and Officer of the Guard. Officers of 
Posts were to be elected annually at the last meeting in December. 

The Declaration of Principles in the Constitution, written by 
Adjutant-General Robert M. Woods, read as follows : 

Constitution of the Grand Army of the Republic. 



ARTICLE 1. 

Declakation of Pkinciples. 

Section!. The soldiers of the Volunteer Army of the United States, during the 
Rebellion of 1861-5, actuated by the impulses and convictions of patriotism and of 
eternal right, and combined in the strong bands of fellowship and unity by the toils, 
the dangers, and the victories of a long and vigorously waged war, feel themselves 
called upon to declare, in definite form of words and in determined co-operative 
action, those jirinciples and rules which should guide the earnest patriot, the en- 
lightened freeman, and the christian citizen in his course of action; and to agree 
upon thos<' plans and laws which should govern them in a united and systematic 
working method with which, in some measure, shall be effected the preservation of 
the graml results of the war, the fruits of their labor and toil, so as to benefit the de- 
serving and worthy. 

i'vr. 2. The results which are designed to be accomplished by this organization are 
as follows: 



Organization. 45 

1st. The preservation of those kind and fraternal feelings which have bound to- 
gether, with the strong cords of love and affection, the comrades in arms of many 
battles, sieges and marches. 

2d. To make these ties available in works and results of kindness, of favor and 
material aid to those in need of assistance. 

3d. To make prevision, where it is not already done, for the support, care and 
education of soldiers' orphans, and for the maintenance of the widows of deceased 
soldiers. 

4th. For the protection and assistance of disabled soldiers, whether disabled by 
wounds, sickness, old age or misfortune 

5th. For the establishment and defense of the late soldiery of the United States, 
morally, socially and politically, with a view to inculcate a proper appreciation of 
their services to the country, and to a recognition of such services and claims by the 
American people. 

To this section the National Encampment, in Philadelphia, 
January, 1868, added : But this Association does not design to 
make nominations for office or to use its influence as a secret or- 
ganization for partisan purposes. 

The Indianapolis Convention added the word " sailors " where 
omitted in the Springfield Constitution, and also added a new 
section, from the Constitution of the " Loyal Legion," as follows : 

6th. The maintenance of true allegiance to tlie United States of America, based 
upon paramount respect for, and fidelity to, the national constitution and laws, mani- 
fested by the discountenancing of whatever may tend to weaken loyalty, incite to 
insurrection, treason or rebellion, or in any manner impairs the eflficiency and per- 
manency of our free institutions, together with a defense of universal liberty, equal 
rights and justice to all men. 

Changes were made in the titles of a number of officers as 
Grand Commander for Department Commander, and Senior and 
Junior Vice Post Commanders for Assistant Post Commanders. 

In May, 1869, the present form of Kules and Regulations was 
adopted. 

Although a number of veterans had been obligated at the se- 
cret conferences held in Springfield, Post 2 had not been formally 
organized, owing to fears expressed by Major Stephenson that 
other parties, who were not friendly to himself, would endeavor to 
secure control of the organization. 

No records have been preserved of the preliminary meetings of 
Post No. 2, but the minutes of July 10, 1866, refer to action taken 
at previous meetings without specifying the dates when they were 



4() Grand Army of the Republic. 

held. General Webber recorded tlie date of organization in 
April. The charter members Avere, as appears by the minutes, 
General T. S. Mather, E. S. Johnson, General John Cook, 
Colonel George T. Allen, Major B. F. Stephenson, Colonel John 
M. Snyder, Lieutenant-Colonel J. M. Green, Major Eobert Allen, 
Major J. W. Bice, Major William T. Prescott, Major Eobert 
^r. AVoods, Captain J. S. Burke, Captain G. S. Dana, Cap- 
tain P. W. Harts, Captain O. S. Webster, Major Alfred A. 
North, Captain John A. Lightfoot, Captain L. W. Shepherd, 
Lieutenant William E. Fitzhugh, Lieutenant L. W. Rosette, 

Surgeon M. T. Hutson, E. H. Errickson, Hatch, L. M. 

Philips, Cajjtain George R. Webber, John C. Sj^riggs, Norman 
B. Ames. 

General T. S. Mather was elected Post Commander; E. S. John- 
son, Adjutant ; W. E. Fitzhugh, Officer of the Day ; William T. 
Prescott, Quartermaster, 

Delegates to State Conyention — John Cook, John M. King, 
Alfred A. North, H. Vanmeter, M. J. Green, AV. T. Prescott, I. N. 
Haynie, E. S. Johnson, J. W. Bice, L. W. Shepherd, T. S. Mather, 
George T. Allen, S. M. Shoup, Robert Allen, John McConnell. 

Alternates— J. V. Redenburg, H. M. Alden, G. S. Dana, L. W. 

Rosette, P. W. Harts, J. S. Burke, Bennett, P. H. Able, 

James Irwin, O. S. Webster. 

Dr. George T. Allen, of this Post, had taken a yery actiye 
interest in the establishment of a Soldiers' Orphans' Home, and 
in 1865 issued a very strong appeal to the Ladies' Aid Organiza- 
tion of the State for the funds required for this object. 

A yery pleasant episode in the history of Post 2 occurred in' 
Noyember, 1866, when the members, accompanied by a number of 
friends, called upon Dr. Stephenson at his office and presented 
him with a l)eautifiil gold-headed cane, inscribed : 

" From the sons of the G. A. B. fo the father, B. F. Stephenson, 
November, 1866." 

Captain W. E. Fitzhugh made the presentation speech on be- 
half of the donors. 

Dr. Stephenson responded as follows : 

My comkades, my neighbors and my fellow citizens:— I ucjcI not say to 
you that 1 am exceedingly grateful for this beautiful j^rcsent, valuable as it is of itself 
but ten thousand times more so on areonnt of its donors. I do not receive it as a tes- 
timonial to my supposed merits, but as an acknowledgment of yowr respect for and 



Organization. 47 

appreciation of the G. A. R., which I had the distinguished honor to originate and of 
which I am for the present the acknowledged head. As such I receive it, and as 
such I will ever treasui'e it. It is more esteemed and appreciated by me on account 
of its timely presentation, receiving it as a token of your esteem and regard for our 
benevolent Order, just as I have descended the hill of life, crossed its summit, and 
commenced the slippery and treacherous descent of the last declivity, that which 
leads us on the brink of the narrow tomb. In making this last descent of life there 
is nothing so faithful and constantly the support of an old man as his staff. Friends 
and relations may forsake him, but his staff is always by his side. This shall be my 
stay the remainder of my days, let them be many or few, let them bs dark and dreary 
or light and joyous, and when I bid you a lasting farewell and commit my little ones 
to the kind consideration of you, my comrades of the Gr. A. R., this testimonial shall 
be my last will and testament bequeathed to my issue as a rich legacy; and in after 
years, my comrades, when I look back on this present moment this will remind me of 
your many deeds of valor, of the bloody fields won by your prowess. I shall hear 
the roar of your deadly artillery, the terrible crash and rattle of your muskets, the 
ringing and clashing of your sabres when you crossed them with those of the enemy, 
and I shall again see the many fields covered with the dead and wounded of our 
comrades, the ground made red with their hearts' blood, and hear the faint cry for 
water to .sustain the fast ebbing life stream. 

The many sacred messages whispered in my ear, fit only to be conveyed by angels, 
too sacred for my mortal ears, by my dying comrades, will be remembered. 

It will also remind me of the groan of the gray-headed sire on learning the sad 
news, the indescribable look of despair of the widow on learning that her last prop 
was taken from her. In it the shriek of the newly made bride, and the suppressed 
anguish of the betrothed maiden, and also of the piteous wail of the bereaved 
mother as with quivering lips she imparted the sad news to the little ones that are 
fatherless and perhaps homeless. 

But my comrades, it shall also remind me that we have not forgotten our dead 
comrades. That by our glorious Order, whose ranks are as firm as the wood of 
life that composes its stem, and whose principles are as pure as the gold that en- 
circles its head, the pathway of the old gray-headed sire is smoothed to his grave. 

The lone widow is comforted and sustained, the orphans are fed, clothed and 
educated; society is compelled to give them a home alike comfortable and respecta- 
ble. Traitors are made to hide their deformed heads and no man dare to lift up hand 
and voice against this country. May this organization last as long as there is a Union 
soldier in the United States and as long as the fibres of this wood hold together. 



B. F. STEPHENSON, 

Benjamin Franklin Stephenson, tlie founder of the Grand 
Army of the Bepublic, was born in Wayne county, Illinois, Octo- 
ber 30, 1822. 

In 1825 his parents removed to Sangamon county, where he 
grew to manhood, strong in body, but with meagre opportunities 
for obtaining an education. He was unable to follow the bent of 
his inclination, which was to study medicine, until after he had 



attained his majority. 



48 Grand Army of the PiKPURLir. 

His first course of study Avas Avith his brother, Dr. William 
Stepheusoii, at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. He afterwards attended 
lectures at Columbus, Ohio, and graduated in the class of 1849-'50 
from the Rush Medical College, Chicago. He commenced the 
practice of his profession at Petersburg, Illinois, and on March 
30, 1855, was married in Springfield to Barbara B. Moore. 

Upon the organization of the 14th Illinois Infantry, May 25, 
1861, Dr. Stephenson Avas elected Surgeon by the officers and en- 
listed men of the regiment, voting under the laAvs of Illinois, but 
he Avas not commissioned, and Dr. G. T. Allen, oi Alton, A\'as mus- 
tered in that position. 

Dr. Allen Avas afterAvard promoted to be Brigade-Surgeon, and 
the vacancy Avas filled by the appointment of Dr. Stephenson, avIio 
was mustered in at Pittsburg Landing, April 7, 1862. 

Dr. Stephenson served Avith the regiment in its arduous cam- 
paigns until June 24, 1864, Avlien the three years term of the 
regiment expired, and he Avas mustered out. The regiment Avas at 
that time re-organized by A-eteran re-enlistment under Colonel 
Cyrus Hall, avIio had succeeded Colonel Palmer upon the promo- 
tion of the latter to Brigadier-General. 

Dr. Stephenson returned to Springfield, Avhere a Avarm personal 
friend, the Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, secured him an interest in the 
firm of D. K. Gold & Co., druggists. 

He remained one year Avitli this firm, and then formed a part- 
nership) Avith Dr. Allen, above referred to, and Dr. James Hamil- 
ton. This connection Avas dissolved ujjon the appointment of Dr. 
Allen as United States Consul to Moscoav by President Grant. 

Dr. Stephenson became for a time a popular and successful 
practitioner. With his opportunities he should have soon se- 
cured a lucrative practice, but he lacked that tenacity of purpose 
and thorough devotion to his profession so necessary to success, 
and Avas inclined to put off duties and responsibilities that Avere 
in any Avay unpleasant. He Avas but a poor manager in financial 
affairs, ahvays feeling rich Avith a feAV dollars in hand, and evi- 
dently caring little Avhen he had none. He had formed many 
strong friendships, and friends tried often to impress upon him 
the necessity of his being more careful and methodical, but he 
preferred letting the morroAV care for itself. 

Xo matter Avliat troubles assailed him his fund of good nature 
Avas unfailing, and to the last he was ahvays sanguine of great re- 
sults from some projected enter])rise. 



Organization. 49 

He was easily moved by tales of distress, and freely gave to the 
poor his own services and orders for medicines without thought 
of recompense. 

When, after months of consideration, the Grand Army was ac- 
tually organized, its work became uppermost in his thoughts and 
influenced all his actions. His professional jDractice became, 
more than ever, a secondary consideration, and this seriously af- 
fected his usefulness as a physician, without, in the end, bringing 
him any substantial returns for sacrifices made or the attendant 
discomforts of himself and his family. 

And then, after trials which perhajDs another man more cold- 
blooded or les^ sanguine than himself could have better borne, it 
was to him a grievous disappointment when the representatives 
of the Grand Army, assembled at Sjjringfield to form a Depart- 
ment organization, selected another for the highest honors of 
the Order he had founded. A similar disappointment awaited 
him at Indianapolis, when the National Encampment was formed, 
and though Major Stephenson then accepted a subordinate po- 
sition, as Adjutant-General, he felt until his death that he had 
been slighted by his comrades in these instances. 

He was yet to meet another and more bitter disappointment, 
for in the closing years of his life, through troubles of mind and 
illness of body that unfitted him for the delicate duties of his 
profession, it seemed as though his labors and those of his col- 
leagues were fruitless, as the " Grand Army " had practically 
disappeared from public vieAV in the west. In his own State, 
though the Department maintained a nominal existence, there 
was hardly a Post in active operation ; in neighboring States 
they were entirely dead ; and, while Department organizations 
were maintained in tlie east, even there Posts had disbanded l)y 
the score. 

He had dreamed of a grand organization of veterans, moving 
en masse, a potent influence in moulding and fostering public sen- 
timent in favor of those who had " borne the battle; " that should 
secure recognition of their services in places of honor and j)rofit; 
and, while preserving and strengthening the bonds of comrade- 
ship, should be a help to all who had followed the flag, and to the 
widows and orphans of the dead, who needed a helping hand and 
sympathizing friend. 

Years were to pass before the Grand Army of the Eepublic 
should reach a position in any degree fulfilling the fondly cher- 
4 



50 Gkand Army of the Republic. 

isheil belief of its fouuder — years that were to test the faith and 
coustaucy of the few, ami show the weakness of the many who had 
failed to comprehend the principles of the Order, and measured 
these only by personal desires or as means for their own ad- 
vancement. 

After years of unrequited toil, disabled and discouraged, Dr. 
Stephenson removed his family from Springfield to the old home 
at Petersburg. He died at Rock Creek, Menard county, Illinois, 
August 30, 1871, in his 49th year. 

He was buried in the cemetery at Rock Creek, and his remains 
there rested until August 29, 1882, when they were removed to 
Petersburg, and interred in the Soldiers Plot of Rose Hill Ceme- 
tery, on the banks of the Sangamon river, one mile east of Peters- 
burg. 

The solemn services of re-interment were conducted by Estill 
Post No. 71, G. A. R., of Petersburg ; the Avidow, a sou and two 
daughters being present. 

The procession was under the charge of Colonel Cornelius 
Rourke, Marshal. 

The pall-bearers were John J. Baker, Thomas Kearns, P. S. 
Scott, Joseph Deerwester, J. W. Biggs, and Richard Goodsell. 

The services over the grave were in accordance with the Grand 
Army Ritual. 

After the coffin had l)een lowered into the grave the Reverend 
Francis Springer, Chaplain, pronouncetl the following : 

•' To unother of our coiiii)anions in the journey of earthly existence is the work of 
life done; tlie march has been made, the journey is ended and the irrave now holds 
the form of a comrade whom on earth we shall not see again. 

" We cherish the memory and honor the name of our departed brother, B. F. 
Stephenson, because ho was worthy as a countryman, neighbor and friend. But to- 
day we call to mind, also, the position and service of our departed brother as one 
of the great family of patriotic citizens who periled property and life in the cause 
of our dorious country. 

• This .service of re bm'ial is coniiucted in the name of the Grand Army of the 
Hepulilic, one purpose of whose organization is to peri)etuate the recollection, and 
wid<n llie .sphere of intluence, which justlj- Ijelong to that achievement whereby the 
United States of America has once more demonstrated the necessity of national 
unity, and the .superiority of our democratic reimblic over every other form of gov- 
eiTimenl known to earth. America is the home of a new impulse to the world's 
civilization upon tin- basis of e(|ualily, christian fralernity and rational liberty, regu- 
lated by law emanating from the people. Our comrade bore a part in that grand 
movement" 



Okganization. 51 

Judge James A. Matheny, of Springfield, spoke as follows : 

" I am here to-day with the single purpose of laying a sprig of ' Immortelle ' 
upon the grave of our departed comrade. He was the companion of my youth, the 
friend of my manhood. Together we commenced to climb life's upward pathway, 
but ere we reached the summit, he, wearying of the burden, laid himself down to 
rest. 

" As we buried our comrade, the grave covered more than his pulseless form — 
glad hopes that made bright the future — grand thoughts that would have left their 
impress on the minds of men — great piirposes to be achieved — a lofty ambition to 
be realized ; these, all these we buried with him. 

" The world is full of overestimated men. The graveyard is peopled with un- 
der-estimated men. It was the misfortune of our comrade to be numbered with the 
latter. Thousands intinitely his inferior have written their names in imperishable 
characters on the pages of our country's history. Struggle as he did, and labor as he 
might, no compensating reward ever came. When abundant success seemed as- 
sured, and he stretched forth his hand to seize the coveted fruit, he grasped only 
' Dead Sea apples ' of ashes and bitterness. 

" Success in life is one of earth's strangest mysteries. To some it comes un- 
heralded and unsought for, and in too many instances undeserved. Others labor for 
it and labor ever in vain, dying with every aspiration unsatisfied, and every reasona- 
ble hope unfulfilled. So died our comrade, 

" It was an expressive saying of the ancients that ' Justice traveled with leaden 
wings,' meaning that though delayed, its coming was inevitable and sure. I have 
faith to believe that ample justice will yet be done to our departed comrade, that his 
memory will be rescued from the darkness fast closing around it, and his name record 
ed, where it should be, on the scroll of fame. 

" Some one has said that he would niuch rather that posterity should ask why 
they did not raise a monument to his memory than to ask why they did. 

" I do not know that any marble shaft will ever tower aloft over the spot where 
sleeps our comrade and friend, but I do know that he built for himself a monu- 
ment more glorious than marble or granite, and yet that unrelenting fate that ever 
pursued him, robbing him of well nigh all that was justly his due, is still at its re- 
lentless work. The thousands who annually meet at the reunions of the Grand 
Army of the Republic give no thought to the heart that nuri^ured and to the brain 
that conceived the grand idea of a Brotherhood of Soldiers. 

" When this thought first came to our comrade his whole soul was filled with the 
grand conception. Without rest or weariness his every energy was devoted to the 
accomplishment of the grand design. With a patriotic inspiration he saw clearly the 
great good to be attained. He felt that he was erecting an altar upon which the fire 
of love for the whole union would burn and burn forever. He saw with prophetic 
vision the Star Spangled Banner of a nation— not a confederation of discordant 
States, but a nation's banner— unfurled to the breeze, and with fancy's ear he heard 
the tramp, tramp of the million soldiers of the Grand Army as they gathered beneath 
it to shield and defend it from every harm. 

" My friends, how well he read the future ! His glad anticipations are more than 
realized. The camp fires of the Grand Army are burning from ocean to ocean. 
Thousands and tens of thousands of his brotherhood of soldiers meet nightly in fra- 
ternal greetings. The banner that he so loved is floating stainless and pure in God's 
bright sunshine, never again to be soiled and torn by traitorous hands. 

" Though not here to witness it, the grand dream of bis life has assumed the pro- 



52 Grand Akmy of the IiEpublic. 

portions of a bridit reality. The note that ho struck, single handed and alone, has 
swelled into a glorious anthem. The light that he kindled is illuminating an entire 
land, and at the last is tliugiug its radiance over the consecrated spot where our com 
rade reposes all unconscious (hat his hour of triumph has come. 

" The law of compensation pervades all nature. A new thought proclaimed, a 
good deed done, or a heroic act performed, will sooner or later meet its proper reward. 
It may tarry long. It may linger in its coming, but come it will, with unfailing cer- 
tainty. 

" In obedience to that law, we have come, even at this late day, to do honor to our 
departed comrade. And friends, let it not stop here. Let us by some fitting testi- 
monial proclaim to all coming time our appreciation of the grand work accomplished 
by our departed friend and companion. Let us — 

" ' Seek no further his merits to disclose, 

Nor draw his frailties from their dread abode. 
There they alike in trembling hope repose. 
The bosom of his Father and his God.' " 




First Grand Army Staff Officers. 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE SPRINGFIELD CONVENTION. 

Prior to the formal institution of Post No. 2, at Springfield, 
a Department staff liad been agreed upon to prosecute the work 
of organizing Posts, and this was announced as follows : 

General Orders ) Headquarters Department of Illinois, 

No. 1. ) Grand Army op the Republic. 

Adjutant-General's Office, . 

Springfield, Illinois, April 1st, 1 866. J 

The following named officers are hereby announced on duty at these head- 
quarters : 

Colonel Jules C. Webber, Aid-deCamp and Chief of Staff. 

Major Robert M. Woods, Adjutant-Geiural. 

Colonel John M. Snyder, Quartermaster-Qeneral. 

Lieutenant John S. Phelps, Aid-de-Camp. 

Captain John A. Lightfoot, Assistant Adjutant-Oejieral. 

By order of 

B. F STEPHENSON, 

Commanding Department. 
ROBERT M. WOODS, 

Adjutant-General. 

General Jules C. Webber, Chief of Staff, enlisted August 18, 
1861, as Eegimental Quartermaster, 18th Illinois Yolunteers. 
Promoted to be Captain and Aid-de-camp, and served on the staff 
of Major-General Steele. Promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel and, 
afterwards Colonel, 18th Illinois, on veteran re-organization. 
Mustered out December 18, 1865. Brevet Brigadier-General, 
March 27, 1865. Died in Vicksburgh, Mississippi, 1871. 

Major Robert M. Woods, Adjutant-General, served during the 
early part of the war in the Quartermaster-General's office, 
Springfield, Illinois, and also under Governor Richard Yates. On 
June 27, 1864, was commissioned Adjutant 64th Illinois (Yates' 
Sharp-shooters). Participated in the Atlanta Campaign, the 
March to the Sea, and the Campaign in the Carolinas, and was 

[53] 



54 Grand Army of the Repubtjc. 

present at the organization of the Society of the Army of the 
Tennessee, at Raleigh, North Carolina, April, 1865. Promoted 
Captain Company A, July 13, 1805. Brevetted Major, United 
States Volunteers, March 13, 1865. He is now publisher of the 
Joliet, Illinois, Republic and Sun. 

John M. Snyder, Quartermaster-General, was Quartermaster 
6th Illinois Cavalry, September 1, 1861, until July 1, 1862, serving 
part of the time as Brigade Quartermaster. On muster-out he 
returned to Jacksonville, and enlisted in the 101st Illinois Infan- 
try, of w^liich he was appointed Quartermaster. In March, 1863, 
he was directed to report to Governor Yates, at Springfield, and 
was appointed Aid-de-camjD, with rank of Major, and in March, 
1864, was promoted Colonel. He assisted in the work of organiz- 
ing Illinois troops, and also visited United States hospitals to se- 
cure the transfer of all Illinois soldiers therein to hospitals in 
their own State or to their homes on furlough. In 1865 he was 
appointed Military Secretary to Governor Oglesby, and in this 
position aided largely in organizing the Grand Army of the Re- 
public, He now resides at Canton, Illinois. 

John A. Lightfoot, Assistant Adjutant-General, entered the 
service as Captain, Company A, 101st Illinois Infantry, January 
1, 1862; was taken prisoner at Holly Springs, Mississippi, Decem- 
ber 20, 1862; was compelled to resign by reason of ill health in 
April, 1864. He has since died. 

John S. Phelps, Aid-de-Camp. (See page 35.) 

With the possible exception of Captain Lightfoot, these officers 
had all received valuable experience in resi^onsible statf jjositions 
in the army, and were thoroughly qualified for the duties devolv- 
ing upon them. 

Assignments were made for official visits to diff'erent local- 
ities in the State to secure the co-operation and assistance of 
influential veterans who could organize Posts. 

The work proceeded very slowly at first, as soldiers generally 
were doubtful of the result of the project ; but ])ri()r to July 12, 
the dato fixod for the assoinbling of a State Convention to form 
the Dt^partinent of Illinois, thirty-nine Posts had been char- 
tered. 



The Springfield Convention. 55 



THE SPRINGFIELD CONVENTION. 



The Constitution prescribed that State organizations should 
be composed of one Delegate from each District in the Depart- 
ment. 

It was not deemed judicious to organize the Department of Il- 
linois on this basis, and therefore a Call for a General Convention 
was issued over the names of prominent veterans, to better secure 
the presence of a large number, who could then be thoroughly in- 
formed as to the objects of the Order, and instructed in its work, 
and thus become more directly interested in the formation of 
Posts. 

Posts then organized or under way were duly notified, and the 
newspapers of the State gave wide publicity to the proposed 
Convention, thus attracting the general attention desired. 

The Call read as follows : 

Spkingfield, Illinois, June 26, 1866. 

A CONVENTION 

Of the members of the Geand Army of the Republic, and Illinois soldiers and 
sailors, will be held in the hall of the House of Representatives at Springfield, Illi- 
nois, on Thursday, July 12, 1&66. 

The business to be transacted at this meeting is of the highest importance to all 
honorably discharged soldiers and sailors. 

Delegates are expected from every Post in the State. 

As many of our soldiers have not had an opportunity to join our Army, they will 
be mustered in on that occasion. 

The soldiers of the State of Illinois who desire to assist in the care of the families 
of their fallen comrades, of the disabled and unfortunate, who would assist each other 
by acts of friendship and of charity, and who wish to establish and maintain the 
rights of the volunteer soldiery of the late war, morally, socially and politically, are 
requested to meet with us. 

The names appended to this call have been here arranged in 
alphabetical order, with the military records, as far as it was pos- 
sible to obtain them, added. 

Allen, George T. — Surgeon 14th Illinois, April 28, 1861; pro- 
moted Lieutenant-Colonel and Medical Inspector, June 14, 1862 ; 
mustered-out October 31, 1865. 

Armstrong, William J. 

Beveridge, John L.— Major 8th Illinois Cavalry, September 
18, 1861, to November 2, 1863; Colonel 17th Illinois Cavalry, Jan- 



56 Grand Army of the Republic. 

uary 28, 1864; Brevet Brigadier-General, March 7, 1865; mustered- 
out February 8tli, 1866. Has since been Sheriff of Cook county, 
Illinois, State Senator, Member of Congress, Lieutenant-Governor, 
Governor, 1873-1877; Assistant Treasurer United States, at Chi- 
cago ; now member of John A. Logan Post, Evanston, Illinois. 

BiRNEY, AViLLiAM — Colouel United States Colored Troops ; 
Brigadier-General, May 22, 1863 ; Brevet Major-General, March 
13, 1865; mustered-out August 24, 1865. 

Brush, Daniel H. — Enlisted April 26, 1861 ; elected Captain 
18th Illinois Infantry, May 6, 1861; promoted Major, Lieutenant- 
Colonel and Colonel ; badly wounded at Shiloli ; resigned on ac- 
count of wounds, August 21, 1863 ; brevetted Brigadier-General, 
March 13, 1865. 

Beardsley, James M. — Lieutenant, Company D, 13th Illinois 
Infantry, May 18, 1861; Captain, August, 1861; Major, November 
27, 1863; mustered-out June 18, 1864. 

Blades, Franklin — Surgeon 76th Illinois Infantry, August 22, 
1862 ; mustered-out March 31, 1864. 

Bloomfield, Ira J. — First Sergeant, Company C, 33d Illinois 
Infantr}^ August 15, 1861 ; Captain 26th Illinois Infantry, Janu- 
ary 13, 1862 ; promoted Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel ; Brevet 
Brigadier-General, May, 1865 ; mustered-out July 20, 1865. 

Carnahan, Robert H. — Captain, Company K, 3d Illinois Cav- 
alry, September 21, 1861 ; promoted Lieutenant-Colonel and 
Colonel ; mustered-out October 10, 1865 ; brevetted Brigadier- 
General, October 28, 1865. 

Cook, John. (For Portrait and Biography, see pages 64-66.) 

DoRNBLASER, BENJAMIN — Adjutant 46th Illinois Infantry, Octo- 
ber 11, 1861; Major, February 8, 1862; Colonel, October 11, 1862 ; 
Brevet Brigadier-General, February 20, 1865 ; Brevet Major-Gen- 
eral, March 13, 1865; mustered-out January 20, 1866. 

Day, Henry M. — Colonel 91st Illinois Infantry, September 8, 
1862 ; Brevet Brigadier-General, March 13, 1865 ; mustered-out 
July 12, 1865. 

Davis, Hasbrouck — Lieutenant-Colonel 12th Illinois Cavalry, 
February 1, 1862 ; Colonel, August 11, 1863 ; Brevet Brigadier- 
General, March 13, 1865. 

Davis, H. W.— Surgeon 18th Illinois Infantry, July 24, 1861 ; 
mustered-out June 11, 1864. 

Edwards, A. W. — Private, Coin])any I, 122d Illinois Infantry, 
August 4, 1862; Major 1st Loyal Alabama Cavalry, 1st Division, 



The Springfield Convention. 67 

4th Corps, Army of the Tennessee; mustered-out November, 1865. 
In 1888, Mayor of Fargo, Dakota. 

Fabrique, a. H. — Major 53d Indiana. 

Gray, E. H. — Enlisted in Company F, 33d Illinois Infantry, 
August 1st, 1861 ; successively promoted to Sergeant, Second 
Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, Captain and Major ; mustered-out 
November 24, 1865. 

Goodwin, John W. — First Lieutenant, Company B, 20th Illi- 
nois Infantry; Major, May 14, 1861; promoted to 2d United States 
Artillery. 

Garvin, P. 

Hall, Cyrus — Captain 14th Illinois Infantry, April 22, 1861 ; 
Major 7th Illinois Cavalry, September 21, 1861 ; Lieutenant- 
Colonel 14th Illinois Infantry, February 1, 1862 ; Colonel 14th 
Illinois Infantry, October 21, 1864 ; Colonel 14th Illinois, on re- 
organization, March 13, 1865 ; Brevet Brigadier-General, March 
13, 1865 ; mustered-out September 6, 1865. Died September 6, 
1878. 

Haynie, Isham N. — Colonel 48th Illinois Infantry, August 18, 
1861; Brigadier-General Volunteers, November 29, 1862: Adjutant- 
General of Illinois, March 1, 1865. 

Haughawalt, F. S. 

Kennard, George W. — Second Lieutenant, Company A, 20th 
Illinois Infantry, April 2, 1861; First Lieutenant and Captain 
Company I ; mustered-out January 9, 1865. Now Judge, Cham- 
paign county, Illinois. 

Logan, John — Colonel 32d Illinois Infantry, August 16, 1861 ; 
wounded at Shiloh, April 6, 1862; discharged for wounds, Decem- 
ber 30, 1864. 

Lippincott, Charles E. — Captain, Company K, 33d Illinois 
Infantry, September 18, 1861; Lieutenant-Colonel, March 1, 1862; 
Colonel, September 17, 1863; Brevet Brigadier-General, February 
17, 1865; mustered-out September 10, 1865. Eight years Auditor 
of Public Accounts, Illinoic. Died while serving as Superinten- 
dent at Soldiers Home, Quincy, Illinois. 

Mather, Thomas S.^ — Adjutant-General, Illinois, 1858, until 
November 11, 1861; Colonel 2d Eegiment, Light Artillery, Feb- 
ruary 2, 1862 ; Brevet Brigadier-General, September 28, 1865 ; 
mustered-out August 17, 1865. 

MuNN, Daniel W. — First Lieutenant and Adjutant, 126tli Illi- 
nois Infantry, September 4, 1862, to June 19, 1863. 



58 Graxd Army of the Republic. 

Mitchell, Greenville M. — Captain, Company C, 1st Illinois 
Ciiviilrv, July 15), 1S()1; Lienteuant-Colouel 54th Illinois Infantry, 
October 10, ISOl; Colonel, December 10, 18()2 ; Brevet Brigadier- 
General, August 22, 1865 ; mustered-out October 15, 1865. Now 
Warden Southern Illinois Penitentiary, Chester, Illinois. 

OsBORN, Thomas O.^ — Lieutenant-Colonel 39th Illinois Infan- 
try, July 22, 1861 ; Brevet Brigadier-General, March 10, 1865 ; 
Brigadier-General, May 1, 1865 ; Brevet Major-General, April 2, 
18()5 ; resigned September 28, 1865. Afterward Minister to Ar- 
gentine Republic. 

Palmer, John M. (For Portrait and Biography, see page 65.) 

Pearson, Robert N. — Private, Commissary-Sergeant, Adjutant 
Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Colonel, 31st Illinois Infantry, 
serving from September 18, 1861, to July 10, 1865 ; Brevet Briga- 
dier-General, March 13, 1865. 

PuGH, Isaac C— Colonel 41st Illinois Infantry, July 27", 1861; 
mustered-out August 20, 1864 ; Brevet Brigadier-General, March 
10, 1865. 

Plummer, Samuel C. — Surgeon 13th Illinois Infantry, May 24, 
1861; mustered-out June 18, 1864. 

RuTLEDGE, Rev. William J. (For Portrait and Biography, see 
page 33.) 

Rinaker, John I. — Colonel 122d Illinois Infantry, September 
4, 1862 ; Brevet Brigadier-General, March 13, 1865 ; mustered-out 
July 15, 1865. Now Chairman Board of Railroad and Warehouse 
Commissioners, State of Illinois. ^ 

Reynolds, Joseph S. (For Portrait and Biograj)liy, see Chap- 
ter XIV, Senior Vice Commander-in-Chief.) 

Roe, Edwapd R. — Major 33d Illinois Infantry, August 15, 1861; 
Lieutenant-Colonel, September 5, 1862 ; resigned May 20, 1863, on 
f.3count of wounds received at Vicksburg, May 22, 1863. 

ScHMiTT, William A. — Captain 27tli Illinois Infantry, August 
21, I8f)l ; Major, Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel ; three years 
service ; mustered-out July 4, 1865 ; Brevet Brigadier-General, 
March 10, 1865, He was instrumental in organizing the Depart- 
ment of Maine. (See Maine.) 

Smith, Giles A. — Captain and Colonel 8th Missouri Infan- 
try ; Brigjulier-General, commanding 4th Division, 17tli Army 
Corps, November 24, 1865 ; mustered-out February 1, 1866 ; 
Second Assistant Postmaster-General under President Grant. 
Since deceased. 



The Springfield Convention. 59 

Stephenson, Benjamin F. (For Biography, see page 47. Por- 
trait opposite page 33.) 

Snyder, John M. (For Biography, see page 54.) 

Stokes, James H. — Captain Chicago Board of Trade Battery, 
July 31, 1862; mustered out August 31, 1864. 

Sellers, H. Van — Second Lieutenant, Company E, 12th Illinois 
Infantry, August 1, 1861 ; Captain, March 3, 1862 ; Lieutenant- 
Colonel, February 19, 1864; Colonel, July 10, 1865 ; mustered-out 
July 10th, 1865. 

True, James M. — Colonel 62d Illinois Infantry, December 1, 
1861; Brevet Brigadier-General, March 6,1865; mustered-out May 
1, 1865. 

Thompson, Thomas M. — Captain, Company A, 14th Illinois In- 
fantry, May 3, 1861-October 31, 1861. 

Vanduzen, T>. 

Webber, Jules C. (For Biography, see page 53.) 

WiLLSON, Hall — Major 27th Illinois Infantry, August 10, 1861; 
Colonel 5tli Illinois Cavalry, December 12, 1861-January 19, 
1863. Now deceased. 

Wheaton, Lloyd — First Sergeant 8th Illinois Infantry, 3 
months service ; in three years service. First Lieutenant and 
Captain, Company E ; Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, and Colonel ; 
mustered-out May 4, 1866. 

Woods, Eobert M. (For Biography, see page 53.) 



The following, not named in the above, were reported present 
at the Convention : 

Adams, Charles H. — Major and Lieutenant-Colonel 10th Illi- 
nois Infantry, 3 months service ; Lieutenant-Colonel 1st Illinois 
Light Artillery, October 23, 1861, to November 2, 1864. 

Allen, Kobert — Captain, Company I, 30th Illinois Infantry, 
August 28, 1861 ; Major, November 20, 1.862-August 12, 1864. 

Beardsley, Ezra M. — Adjutant 69th Illinois Infantry, 3 months 
service ; Lieutenant-Colonel 126th Illinois Infantry, September 
4, 1862-August 12, 1864. 

Bice, Jesse W. — First Lieutenant, Company A, 3d Illinois 
Cavalry, August 11, 1862 ; Captain, May 14, 1863 ; Major, April 
29, 1865 ; mustered-out October 10, 1865. 

Briscoe, Alexander T. — Captain, Company A, 94th Illinois 



CO Grand Army of the Republic. 

Infantry, August 20, 1862 ; Major, November 29, 1862 ; mustered- 
out December 9, 1864. 

Clements, Isaac^ — Second Lieutenant Utli Illinois Infantry, 
July 27, 1861 ; First Lieutenant and Captain ; mustered-out 
August 20, 1864. Has since served in a number of important 
public positions. 

Cunningham, William — Captain, Company I, 90th Illinois In- 
fantry, from October 30, 1862, to July lltli, 1864. 

Dunning, George H. (See page 39 ; Decatur Post.) 

Frohock, William T. — First Lieutenant and Adjutant 45tli Ill- 
inois Infantry, August 30, 1861; Captain, Company A, January 21, 
1863 ; Colonel 66tli United States Colored Troops, January 12, 
1864; Brevet Brigadier-General, March 13, 1865. 

Green, M. J. 

Hall, Fred. H. 

Hill, . 

Hurlbut, S. a. (Portrait opposite page 68. For Biography, 
see page 72.) 

Jones, John J. — Lieutenant-Colonel 46th Illinois Infantry, 
January 1, 1862; brevetted Colonel; mustered-out January 20, 
1866. 

Johnston, E. S. — First Lieutenant 7th Illinois Infantry, July 
22, 1861; Captain, February 1.5, 1862 ; Major, April 22, 1864*^; mus- 
tered-out August 9, 1865. 

King, John T. — Lieutenant-Colonel llltli Regiment Illinois 
Infantry, September 18, 1862 ; Colonel, Augi^st 4, 1863 ; resigned 
on account of illness, December 4, 1864. 

Lightfoot, John A. (For Biography, see page 54.) 

LuKENs, Edward. 

]\IrARTHUR, John — Colonel 12th Regiment Illinois Infantry, 
^lay 3, 1861; Brigadier-General United States Volunteers, INIarch 
21, 1862; Brevet Major-General, December 15, 1862; mustered-out 
August 24, 1865. 

]MrCoNNELL, John — Major 3d Illinois Cavalry, September 11, 
1861; Colonel 5th Illinois Cavalry, June 15, 1863; Brevet Briga- 
dierrGeneral, Marcli 13, 18r)5; mustered-out October 25, 1865. 

MrXri.TA, John— Captain, Company A, 1st Illinois Cavalry, 
May 3, 1S61, to July 14,1862; Lieutenant-Colonel 94th Illinois 
Infantry, August 20, 1862 ; Colonel, November 29, 1862 ; mustered- 
out July 17, 1865. Now Receiver " AVabash " Railway System, 
Cliii'iigo, Illinois. 



The Springfield Convention. 61 

Matthews, A. C. — Captain, Company C, 99th Illinois Infantry, 
August 23, 1862 ; Major, October 9, 1863 ; Lieutenant-Colonel, 
May 25, 1864 ; Colonel, December 16, 1861 ; mustered-out July 
31, 1865. 

Martin, Parkhurst T. — Promoted to Captain, Company K, 
lltli Illinois Infantry, as re-organized March 18, 1865 ; mustered- 
out September 16, 1865. 

Moore, Jesse H. — Colonel 115th Illinois Infantry, September 
13, 1862 ; Brevet Brigadier-General, May 15, 1865 ; mustered-out 
June 11, 1865. Appointed United States Consul to Callao, Peru, 
1881, and died at his post of yellow fever. 

MORY, W. J. 

North, Alfred A. — (See Portrait, page 34.) Enlisted Septem- 
ber 21, 1861, as First Lieutenant Company A, 10th Illinois Cav- 
alry ; resigned February 23, 1863, on account of ill health ; com- 
missioned Captain, Company M, 10th Illinois Cavalry, April 26, 
1864 ; resigned October 15, 1864, on account of disease contracted 
in the service ; brev3tted Major, March 13, 1865. 

Phelps, John S. (For Biography, see page 35.) 

Prentiss, B. M.— Colonel 10th Illinois Infantry, April 29, 1861; 
Brigadier-General United States Volunteers, May 17, 1861 ; 
Major-General, November 29, 1862-October 8, 1863. 

Prescott, William T. 

Puterbaugh, George — First Lieutenant, Company E, 47th 
Illinois Infantry, August 25, 1861 ; Captain, September 2, 1862 ; 
mustered-out October 11, 1864. Junior Vice-Commander, Depart- 
ment of Illinois, 1880. 

KussELL, Robert. — Private, Company F, 64th Illinois Infantry, 
December 17, 1861; Sergeant-Major, December 30, 1863; Adjutant, 
July 13, 1865 ; mustered-out July 1, 1865. 

Scates, Walter B. — Major and Assistant Adjutant-General, 
June 30, 1862, on the staff of General McClernand ; mustered-out 
January 4, 1866. Since deceased. 

Sickles, H. F. — Major 9th Illinois Cavalry, September 18, 
1861, to February, 1862 ; promoted Lieutenant-Colonel ; resigned 
January 23, 1863, for disability; afterwards commissioned Colonel 
147th Illinois Infantry, February 21, 1865; mustered-out January 
28, 1866; Brevet Brigadier-General to date, March 13, 1865. 

Shepherd, Levin W. — Captain and Assistant Quartermaster 
United States Army, October 3, 1862 ; mustered-out October 7, 
1865 ; brevetted Lieutenant-Colonel for faithful services during 



62 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

the ^val•. Died while serving as Secretary of Illinois Soldiers 
Home, Quincy, Illinois. 

Smith, George P. — Colonel 129th Illinois Infantry, September 
8, 18()2-May 7, 1863. 

Smith, Benjamin F. — Captain and Assistant Adjutant-General 
on the staff of General John Cook, Commanding Military De- 
partment of Illinois. 

Van Meter, H. — Assistant Surgeon 114th Illinois, Septem- 
ber 1, 1862; Surgeon, August 14, 1863; mustered-out August 3, 
1865. 

Wait, Sheridan — Major and Assistant Adjutant-General staff 
of General Oglesby. Adjutant-General State of Illinois. 

Wilson, KoBERT-^Sergeant 8th Illinois, 3 months service ; 
Captain, Company I, 8th Illinois Infantry, 3 years service, July 
25, 1861-October 20, 1862. 

In its issue of July 13, 1866, the Illinois Journal, Springfield, 
said, editorially, in an article headed — 

"GRAKD ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC." 

'• The proceedings of the Convent iou of the Grand Army of the Republic, which 
met in this city yesterday, will be found on the fourth page, and will command gen- 
eral attention. The attendance was quite large, and all arms of the military .service 
were fully and ably represented; indeed, among the delegates to the convention, we 
observe many of the most distinguished men who took part in the war for the Union 
from the State of Illinois. The sessions of the convention were private, but we 
understand that the utmost harmony and good feeling prevailed. 

" From the resolutions reported Ijy M:ijor-General Hurlbut, it will be observed 
that the object of the organization is not political in a mere party sense, but is to 
render all material aid and assistance in supplying the wants of the widow and the 
fatherless, and in furnishing employment to the poor, and to those wounded in the 
service of our common country." 

Major Stephenson called the meeting to order, and appointed 
a committee on organization, who reported -the following as offi- 
cers of the convention : 

President, Colonel Walter B. Scates, of Chicago ; Vice-Presi- 
dents, Major-General B. M. Prentiss and Brigadier-General James 
M. True; Secretary, Major liobert M. AVoods, of Springfield; As- 
sistant Secretaries, Captain Thomas M. Thompson, of Chicago, 
and Private Fred. H. Hall, of Chicago ; Sentinel, Lieutenant B. F. 
Hawkes. 



The Springfield Convention. 63 

The following constituted the Committee on Resolutions : 
Colonel John J. Jones, Major-General S. A. Hurlbut, General 

N. T. Frohock, Brigadier-General Hiram F. Sickles, Captain 

George Puterbaugh, Adjutant Daniel W. Munn, Colonel A. C. 

Matthews, Colonel George P. Smith, Captain Hill, General I. N. 

Haynie, Captain Isaac Clemens and Dr. George T. Allen. 

Major-General Hurlbut reported the following resolutions 

from the committee, which were adopted : 

" Resolved. That we, the Soldiers of the Grand Army of the Republic, recog- 
nizing the power of the principles of association, do hereby pledge ourselves, each 
to the other, to render all material aid and assistance in supplying the wants of the 
widow and the fatherless, and in furnishing employment to the poor, and to those 
wounded and disabled in the service of our common country. 

" Resolved. That as we have stood by the Government at the peril of our lives 
in war, so will we make it ever our care that no known enemy of our country shall 
wield power in the Republic, but the same arms which defended its sanctuary against 
open violence, will protect it unflinchingly against all secret machinations, and 
never lay down our weapons until peace based on the principles of universal lib- 
erty shall be assured. 

" Resolved. That treason consummated in rebellion is a crime of the most ma- 
lignant nature, and that every possible guarantee should be demanded by all branches 
of the Government against the rash admission to place and power of those who were 
active participants in rebellion, and thereby forfeited the rights of American citizens; 
and that we, the soldiers of the nation who fought for supremacy of the national 
authority, have a right to demand that the safety of the Republic should be held 
paramount to all other considerations by the Executive and Congress." 

Letters were read from Governor Fletcher, of Missouri, and 
Governor Oglesby, of Illinois. 

Governor Fletcher said : " I most heartily approve of the ob- 
jects of your organization, and can assure you that it is worthy 
of the highest regard and most enthusiastic support of American 
soldiers." 

Governor Oglesby said : " Every feeling of my heart and every 
purpose of my will is to promote the interests and happiness of 
the soldier. He is the friend of his country — he is my friend, 
and under all circumstances and at every hazard, I am his. You 
will always find me, as you have found me, energetically laboring 
for the success and promotion of the welfare of the soldiers of 
our country." 

Permanent officers of the Department of Illinois were elected 
as follows : 



CA Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

Major-General John M, Palmer, Department Commander ; 
Major-General John Cook, Assistant Department Commander ; 
General Jules C. Webber, Adjutant-General ; Colonel John M. 
Snyder, Quartermaster-General ; Captain John A. Lightfoot, As- 
sistant Adjutant-General. Council of Administration — General 
John McArthur, General T, F. Mather and General I. C. Pugh. 

Major Stephenson was aggrieved at the failure of the Conven- 
tion to elect him Department Commander, but the members felt 
that the interests of the organization would be much better ad- 
vanced under the leadership of some popular soldier, who had 
been through the war in active field service. 

The committee decided on General John M. Palmer, who was 
then in the service, but was soon expected home, and who, it was 
believed, would cheerfully accept the honor of an election. 

It was arranged that Chaplain Rutledge, as Major Stephen- 
son's most intimate friend and adviser, should second the nomina- 
tion of General Palmer, and in so doing give full credit to Major 
Stephenson for his services as the organizer of the Order. This 
duty Chaplain Rutledge ably discharged, and Major Stephenson, 
deeply moved by the references to their associations in the past, 
and recognizing the porsonally kindly feelings of the members 
towards himself, stated that Chaplain Rutledge was the first to 
suggest the idea of this organization and had aided and encour- 
aged its successful consummation. 

The following preamble and resolution, offered by Surgeon H. 
W. Davis, of Paris, Illinois, was unanimously adopted : 

" Whereas, we, the members of the Graud Ariu}- of the Kej)ul)lic', recognize in 
Major Stephenson, of Springfield, Illinois, the head and front of the organization, be 
it therefore resolved, that for the energy, loyaltJ^ and perseverance manifested in 
org-anizing the Grand Army of the Republic, he is entitled to the gratitude of all 
brave men, and tiiat we, the soldiers, hereby tender him our thanks, and pledge him 
our friendship at all times and under all circumstances." 

General John Cook, Assistant Department Commander, in the 
absence of General Palmer, assumed command of the Department, 
and on July 11^, 18(50, announced in General Orders No. 1 the fol- 
lowing Staff: General Jules C. AVebber, Adjutant-General; Colonel 
John M. Snyder, Quartermaster-General; Cajatain John A. Light- 
foot, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

The work of estal^lishing Posts was now entered into with 
more system and more success as to numbers of Posts organized, 



The Spbingfield Convention. 



65 




General John M. Palmer. 



but a General Order, issued by General Palmer, in April, 1867, 
referred to the fact that many Districts and Posts had made no 
returns since their organization. 

General John M. Pal- 
mer, Department Com- 
mander, was born in Ken- 
t u c k y , September 13, 
1817. His parents set- 
tled in Madison county, 
Illinois, in 1831. He 
studied law, and was duly 
admitted to practice. In 
1854 he was elected to the 
State Senate as a Demo- 
crat, but in 1856, on the 
organization of the Re- 
publican Pai*ty, he affili- 
ated with it, and in 1860 
canrassed the State for 
the election of Mr. Lin- 
coln. In 1861 he organized the 14tli Regiment, Illinois Vol- 
unteer Infantry ; was promoted to Brigadier-General United 
States Yolanteers, December 20, 1861, and Major-General, Novem- 
ber 29th, 1862. He commanded a Division in the 4tli Army 
Corps, and also of the 14th Corps, and afterwards commanded this 
and the 21st Corps. He rendered most valuable service during 
the whole period of the war. On June 27, 1865, he was assigned 
to the command of the Department of Kentucky, Avith headquar- 
ters at Louisville. At the time of his election as Department 
Commander he was on duty at Raleigh, North Carolina. He re- 
signed from the army September 1, 1866. He was Governor of 
Illinois, 1869 to 1873. 

General John Cook, Assistant Department Commander, had 
the honor of placing in the Jfield the first regiment from Illinois — 
the 7th Infantry. At Fort Donelson, Colonel Cook commanded 
the 3d Brigade of General C. F. Smith's Division. He was pro- 
moted Brigadier-General March 21st, 1862, and at the time of the 
organization of the Grand Army of the Republic was in command 
of the Military District of Springfield, and, with members of his 
Staff, took an active interest in the formation of the Order. 

The early records of the Department are not now to be 
5. 



66 



Grand Army of the Republic. 



found, and it seems impossible 
to obtain a full and correct 
roster of Posts established in 
1866-1867. No report was made 
to the National Encampment 
which met in Philadelphia in 
January, 1868. But in 1869, 
General Thomas O. Osborn, who 
had succeeded General Palmer 
as Department Commander, re- 
ported the existence of about 
340 Posts. 

In April, 1867, Adjutant- 
General Webber, Quartermas- 
ter-General Snyder, and Assist- 
ant Adjutant-General Lightfoot 
resigned their positions on the 
Department Staff, and Colonel Daniel Grass, of Springfield, Avas 
appointed Assistant Adjutant-General. The later record of the 
Department will be found under the head of Illinois. 




General John Cook. 



The election of a Department Commander by the Springfield 
Convention relieved Major Stephenson of any further responsi- 
bility for the Avork of organization in Illinois, and he turned his 
attention to other States, acting as Commander-in-Chief, without 
other authority than that first assumed, as the organizer of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. 

General Webber and Colonel Snyder gave their attention more 
particularly to the Department of Illinois, and the principal labor 
elsewhere devolved upon Adjutant-General Robert M. W^oods, 
Avho visited Columbus, Ohio, St. Louis, Missouri, and other 
points, to arrange for the organization of Departments, having 
previously gone to Madison, Wisconsin, for the same purpose. 
Colonel Snyder organized the Department of Minnesota. 

Tlie limits of authority for forming Posts liad not been es- 
pecially defined, and Posts, and Department officers, and members, 
organized Posts Avherever the opportunity Avas presented, in many 
cases Avithout even reporting such action to Headquarters, Avhich 
necessarily occasioned confusion in the assignment of Posts to 
tlieir proper numerical positions, already complicated by the 
numbering in Districts. Comrades Fred. I. Dean, J. A. Kuyken- 



The Springfield Convention. 67 

dall ami P. H. Conkliug were detailed as clerks at Headquarters, 
and so served after Major Steplieuson became Adjutant-General. 
Adjutant-General R. M. AVoods advanced the funds necessary for 
expenses at Headquarters, and financial assistance was also given 
by otlier comrades. The Department of Indiana supplied Major 
Stephenson with blank charters, rituals and regulations. 

In October, 1866, Departments had been formed in Illinois, 
Wisconsin, Indiana, Iowa and Minnesota, and Posts in Ohio, 
Missouri, Kentucky, Arkansas, District of Columbia, Massachu- 
setts, New York and Pennsylvania. 

The Constitution, amended at Springfield, prescribed that 
each Department should have but two representatives in the 
National Organization, but it was manifestly impracticable to 
then organize upon that basis, and the General Orders (Chapter 
V), convening a National Convention at Indianapolis, November 
20, called for representation from Posts and by District and 
Department Oflicers. 



CHAPTER V. 

The National Encampment 

OF THE 

GEAND AEMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 

first session, 
Indianapolis, Novembeii 20, 1866. 

Tlie lirst National Convention was lield in pursuance of the 
following : 

Headquarters Grand Army op the Republic, } 
Springfield, Illinois, October 31st, 1866. \ 
General Orders No. 18. 

A National Convention of the Grand Army of tlie Republic is liereb}' ordered to 
convene at Indianapolis, Indiana, at 10 o'clock, on Tuesday, the twentieth day of No 
veml)er next, for tiie purpose of perfecting the National organization, and the trans- 
action of such other business as maj^ come before the Convention. 

The ratio of representation shall be as follows: Each Post shall be entitled to one 
representative, and when the membership exceeds one hundred, to one additional rep- 
resentative, and in the same ratio for every additional one hundred or fractional part 
thereof. 

All Department and District Officers, ex officio, shall be members of said Conven- 
tion. 

All honorably discharged soldiers and sailore, and those now serving in the Army, 
desirous of l)ecoming members of the Grand Army of the Republic, are respectfully 
invited to attend the Convention. 

All comrades are requested to wear the "blue," with corps badges, etc. 

B. F. STEPHENSON, 

Commander-in chief, 
Official : G. A. R., U. S. 

J. C. WEBBER, 

Adj't-Gen'l, Dep't Illinois. 

The meeting was held in Morrison's Opera House, Avhicli had 
been tastefully decorated for the occasion. The battle-Hags of 
Indiana rogiinents were displayed u])on the stage, and portraits of 
distinguislicd inilitavy chieftains and civilians were arranged on 
the balconi(»s and walls. 

Commander-in-chief 13. F. Stephenson calbnl the convention to 
[68] 



National Encampment at Indianapolis. 69 

order. Colonel John M. Snyder was appointed Secretary, and 
General Jules C. AVebber, Illinois, and Major O. M. Wilson, Indi- 
ana, Assistant Secretaries. 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Credentials — A, L. Clietlain, Illinois; W. H. McCoy, Ohio; 
L. Edwin Dudley, District of Columbia; Clayton McMichael, 
Pennsylvania ; John S. Cavender, Missouri ; T. B. Fairleigh, Ken- 
tucky ; J. B. McKean, New York ; T. J. Anderson, Kansas ; Eobt. 
F. Catterson, Arkansas ; J. F. Gwynne, Wisconsin ; A. P. Alexan- 
der, Iowa ; M. C. Garber, Indiana. 

On Permanent Organization — S. A. Hurlbut, Illinois ; H. T. 
Burge, Kentucky ; F. T. Ledergerber, Missouri ; Clayton McMi- 
chael, Pennsylvania ; Chas. G. Mayers, Wisconsin ; William Vau- 
dever, Iowa ; L. Edwin Dudley, District of Columbia ; August 
Willich, Ohio ; M. C. Garber, Indiana. 

Constitution and By-Laws — H. K. Milward, Kentucky ; E. G. 
Feltus, Pennsylvania ; John G. Kelley, Pennsylvania ; E. F. 
Schneider, Ohio ; Chester Harding, Missouri ; T. O. Osborn, Illi- 
nois ; Lemuel D. Price, Iowa ; Charles Cruft, Indiana ; Eichard 
Lester, Wisconsin. 

The Committee on Credentials reported representatives pres- 
ent as follows : District of Columbia, 1; Illinois, 34 ; Indiana, 148; 
Iowa, 6 ; Kansas, 1 ; Kentucky, 3 ; Missouri, 9 ; New York, 1 ; 
Ohio, 15 ; Pennsylvania, 3 ; Wisconsin, ? ; total, 22^. The names 
of representatives marked present will be found in the appendix. 

The Committee on Permanent Organization reported the fol- 
lowing Officers for the Convention : President, John M. Palmer, 
Illinois. Yice-Presidents — Thos. C. Fletcher, Missouri ; Eobt. S. 
Foster, Indiana ; William O. Eyan, Iowa ; Eobt. F. Catterson, Ar- 
kansas ; J. B. McKean, New York ; John G. Kelley, Pennsylvania ; 
J. K. Proudfit, Wisconsin ; B. F. Stephenson, Illinois ; T. B. Fair- 
leigh, Kentucky ; August Willich, Ohio. Secretary, L. Edwin 
Dudley, District of Colum.bia. Assistant Secretaries — Daniel 
Macauley, Indiana ; Clayton McMichael, Pennsylvania ; F. T. Led- 
ergerber, Missouri ; Chas. G. Mayers, Wisconsin ; F. M. Thomp- 
son, Illinois. Chaplain, Eev. John H. Lozier, Indiana, 

General Palmer was then escorted to the chair, and made an 
able address on the objects of the Grand Army of the Eepublic. 
Additional committees were appointed as follows : 



70 Grand Army of the Republic. 

AVoHK AND EiTUAL — J. L. "NVilsoii, Indiana ; F. T. Ledergerber^ 
Missouri ; B. F. Stephenson, Illinois ; Clayton McMichael, Penn- 
sylvania ; AVm, Vandever, Iowa ; H, K. Mihvard, Kentucky; Clias. 
G. Mayers, Wisconsin ; J. L. Greene, Ohio. 

Resolutions — lohn McNeil, Missouri ; Charles Case, Indiana ; 
R. G. Feltus, Pennsylvania ; A. P. Alexander, Iowa ; J. K. Proud- 
fit, Wisconsin ; A. L. Chetlain, Illinois ; T. B. Fairleigh, Ken- 
tucky; T. T. Taylor, Ohio. 

The committees on Constitution and on Work and Ritual after- 
wards presented reports recommending sundry amendments to tlie 
Constitution and the Ritual. The title of the Constitution was 
changed to " Rules and Regulations." Representation in National 
Encampments was fixed on the basis of one representative at large 
from each Department, and one representative for each one thou- 
sand members therein. The Grand (afterwards Department) Com- 
mander, Senior and Junior Yice-Grand Commanders were consti- 
tuted ex officio members. District organizations were retained, but 
Avithout representation in Department Encampments, Depart- 
ment Encampments were to be composed of one delegate for every 
25 members of the several Posts therein. 

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED. 

We, the representatives of the Soldiers and Sailors of the military and naval serv- 
ice of the United States, during the late war against traitors, re-affirining our devotion 
to these States, the Constitution and the laws of our coinitry, and our abhorrence of 
trea.son and oppression; Resolve* 

First, Tlial the Grand Army of the Republic is organized to maintain in civil life 
those great principles for which it stood in arms under the national flag; that it stands 
pledged to crush out active treason, to advance and support loyalty, to secure sound 
constitutional liberty to all mvw, and to vindicate everywhere, and at all times, the 
full and complete rights of every loyal American citizen, against all combinations of 
force or fraud that may attempt to deny or deprive them of such rights. 

Second, That we pledge all the power and influence which, as individuals or as an 
association, we can legitimately yield, in the most especial manner to those gallant 
men who stocjd fast by the coimlry in the hour of its agony, in tiie Rebellious States; 
and will), through all manner of losses and i.ijuries, persecutions by force and persecu- 
tions under color of law, maintained their integrjty and vindicated their loyally; and 
we solemidy declare tliat no jyower that we can use shall be neglected until they are 
thorouglily and completely protected in the active exercise of every right of American 
freemen, through the entire country over which our Hag floats. 

Third, Tliat Congress, in justice and not in charity, should pass a law equalizing 
in a just manner, the bounties of all Union Soldiers and Sailors. 

Fourth, That we now, as heretofore, pledge ourselves to use our best endeavors to 
])rocure appropriiite Sf;ite and national legislation for the education and maintenance 
of tlic orphans and widows of our deceased comrades, and maimed brethren, and to 



National Encampment at Indianapolis. 71 

enforce a speedy adjustment and payment of all lawful claims against the Govern- 
ment due soldiers and sailors and their friends. 

Fifth, That in our opinion no man is worthy to be a free citizen of a free country 
who is not willing to bear arms in its defense, and we therefore suggest to Congress 
the passage of a law making it the inexorable duty of every citizen to defend his 
country in time of need, in person and not by substitute. 

Sixth, That as a matter of justice and right, and because the sacrifices made and 
dangers encountered by the Union soldiers and sailors who served in the late war for 
the preservation of the country, cannot ever be fully repaid, we respectfull}- ask that 
those in authority bestow upon needy and worthy soldiers and .sailors such positions 
of honor and profit as they may be competent to fill; and while we seek nothing for 
ourselves, or those of our comrades who are able to maintain themselves, we do earn- 
estly recommend this request to the consideration of those in authority. And we 
especially ask the attention of President Johnson to " his policy " heretofore declared 
on (his .subject. 

The "Veteran Brotherhood" of Kansas, and the "Soldiers 
and Sailors Union " of New York, were invited by resolntion to 
join the Grand Army of the Republic. 

The following were elected officers of the National Encamp- 
ment : 

Commander-in-Chief, S. A. Hurlbut, Illinois ; Senior Vice- 
Commander-in-Chief, J. B. McKean, New York ; Junior Vice- 
Commander-in-Chief, R. S. Foster, Indiana ; Adjutant-General, 
B. F. Stephenson, Illinois ; Quartermaster-General, August Wil- 
LiCH, Ohio ; Surgeon-General, D, C. McNeil, Iowa ; Chaplain, 
William A. Pile, Missouri ; Council of Administration — J. K. 
Proudfit, Wisconsin ; William Vandever, Iowa ; T. O. Osborn, 
Illinois ; T. C. Fletcher, Missouri ; T. T. Taylor, Ohio ; H. K. 
MiLWARD, Kentucky ; F. J. Bramhall, New Y'"ork ; Nathan Kim- 
ball, Indiana ; Clayton McMichael, Pennsylvania. 

A public meeting was held in the evening, presided over by 
General Palmer. The War Governor of Indiana, Oliver P. Mor- 
ton, was enthusiastically received, the audience rising and greet- 
ing him with hearty cheers. 

Governor Morton expressed the great pleasure he felt in ex- 
tending, on behalf of the State of Indiana, a welcome to the 
members of the Grand Army of the Republic. He said the 
army had saved the nation, and the result cff the struggle had 
shown it to be the grandest army of any nation in the world, a 
citizen army which understood well the cause for which they 
drew their swords. " The country is now in a transition period, 
more truly so than at any other time. We are in the midst of a 



72 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

revolutiou, not outside of the constitution, but such as occur 
within constitutions." Referring again to the services of the sol- 
diers, he said : " The gratitude of the Government is due to the 
men who saved it, and that gratitude, he believed, would grow 
stronger and stronger as years increase. The crippled and 
maimed soldiers will be nourished and protected, and the apo- 
thegm that ' republics are ungrateful ' proven false in the case of 
America, which will take care of those to whom it owes its nation- 
al existence." 

General Palmer feelingly replied to the remarks of Governor 
Morton, and said that every soldier had learned to know and re- 
spect him as their friend, and a hopeful believer in the suc- 
cess of the Republic even in the darkest hours. He said that 
Governor Morton would be ever gratefully remembered by the 
people for his services during the war. 

Addresses were made by General Hurlbut, General August 
AVillich, and General H. D. Washburn. 

The officers elected at Indianapolis were all representative sol- 
diers, whose names and influence at a period free from the all-per- 
vading political excitement, would certainly have secured the 
fullest confidence of the veterans of the country and assured suc- 
cess from the first. 

General Stephen A. Hurlbut, Commander-in-Chief, was born 
in Charleston, South Carolina, November 29, 1815. He studied 
law in the office of Judge James L. Pettigru, in Charleston, and 
entered into practice in that city. He enlisted as a Sergeant with 
a volunteer company in the Florida War, and before the term ex- 
pired was assigned to staff duty as Lieutenant. In 1847 he re- 
moved to Belvidere, Boone county, Illinois, and immediately se- 
cured a lucrative law practice. 

He was a leading member of the Illinois convention in 1847, 
and presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1848. He served in 
the State Legislature in 18r)9-18f)l, and again in 1807. At the 
outbreak of the Rebellion he commanded a local militia company 
at Belvidere, and was at Springfield when the first call was made 
for troops. He telegrai)h(^d his company, asking them to enlist, 
and they responded almost to a man, becoming Company B, ir)th 
Illinois Infantry. Early in 18(51 he had visited Charleston u])()n a 
special mission at tlu^ request of President-elect Abraham Lincoln. 
His old preceptor, Judge Pettigru, strongly opposed the secession 



9 



'^^Miy'^- 




Group of National Officers, 1866. 



National Encampment at Indianapolis. 78 

of his State, and during the whole period of the Rebellion was un- 
wavering in his devotion to the Union. 

On May 27, 1861, Captain Hurlbut was commissioned by the 
President Brigadier-General United States Volunteers, and was 
first placed on duty in Missouri, where his vigorous measures in 
holding the community responsible for wrecking railroad trains, 
and his order freeing the slaves within his command, gave ofiense 
to less earnest defenders of the Union. He was afterwards placed 
in command of the 4th Division, Army of the Tennessee, and was 
the first to debark at Pittsburg landing. In the battle of Shiloh 
Hurlbut's Division held the key-point of the battle-field against 
great odds, repulsing the enemy's frequent attacks, until, Avhen 
flanked, he was compelled to retire, doing so in good order and 
maintaining his division and brigade organizations intact. 

For bravery and skill at Shiloh he was promoted Major-Gen- 
eral. After the evacuation of Corinth he was placed in command 
of the 16th Army Corps, and had command at Memphis, Tennes- 
see. He was in command of the Department of the Gulf in 1864— 
1865, succeeding General Banks, and was mustered-out of service 
June 20, 1865. He resumed practice at Belvidere until 1869, when 
he was appointed by President Grant Minister of the United States 
at Bogota, United States of Columbia. He returned home in 1872, 
was elected to Congress, and was re-elected in 1876. He was ap- 
pointed by President Garfield Envoy Extraordinary to the Repub- 
lic of Peru. He died of paralysis of the heart in Chili, March 27, 
1882. His body was brought to his home at Belvidere, Illinois, 
for interment. 

Colonel James B. McKean, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 
was born in Hoosic, Rensselaer county. New York, August 5, 1821. 
During his infancy his parents removed to and settled upon the 
battle-field of Saratoga. When he was twenty-three years of age 
he was elected Colonel of the 144th Regiment, New York State 
Militia, and so served for a number of years. He studied law, 
was admitted to practice in 1849, and thereafter followed his pro- 
fession at Saratoga Springs. In 1858 he was elected Representa- 
tive in Congress for the loth District, New Y''ork State, and was 
re-elected in 1860, and served until after the battle of Bull Run, 
when he returned to his home, and issued to his constituents a 
stirring and patriotic appeal, following that by offering his own 
services in any way he could be most useful. The 77th New York 



74 Grand Army of the TIepublic. 

Volunteer Regiment was at once formed, and he was tendered anJ 
accepted command, leaving Avith his regiment for the front in No- 
vember, 1S()1. He remained in command until July 2H, 1863, when 
he was compelled to resign by reason of long-continued suffering 
from malaria contracted in the service, and from which he never 
fully recovered. Wliile in the field he participated with his com- 
mand in several battles and skirmishes, notably that of Mechanics- 
ville, when the regiment made a dashing and successful charge. 
In 18()5, being still in ill health, he was sent by President Lincoln 
to Spanish America on a mission relating to the ratification of a 
treaty with the Government of Honduras, and afterwards Mr. 
Seward, Secretary of State, tendered him the position of Consul 
to San Domingo, which he declined. In 1870 President Grant ap- 
pointed him Chief Justice of Utah, in which office he served five 
years, after which he practiced his profession in Salt Lake City 
until his decease, January 5, 1879. He was buried in Salt Lake 
City, and his wife, Kate Hay McKean, survived him but nineteen 
days. A leading newspaper in Salt Lake City said of him, in an- 
nouncing his decease : " Friends and enemies alike remember him 
as the courtly and cultured gentleman, the pure patriot, the 
blameless citizen, the sincere and unaffected Christian. He was 
ever calm, heroic, and self-sustained, kindly in his nature, uni- 
versal in his sympathies, and above the follies of common human- 
ity. His connection with the Grand Army of the. Republic is 
stated in the account of the Department of New York. 

Robert S. Foster, Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, entered 
the service as Captain, Company A, lltli Indiana Zouaves. On 
July 3, 1861, he was commissioned Major of the 13tli Indiana, and 
was engaged in the battle of Rich Mountain, West Virginia, and 
commanded his regiment as Lieutenant-Colonel in the battle of 
AViuchester. He commanded a Division during the siege of Suf- 
folk, was promoted Brigadier-General, June, 1863, and was then 
actively engaged in Virginia. He commanded a Brigade during 
tlu' siege of Forts Wagner and Sumter, South Carolina. On 
being transferred to Virginia he was for a time Cliief of Staff', lOtli 
Army Cor})s, Army of the James, and again of the 24tli Corps. 
He had also command of a Divisio)i in the lOtli Corps, and during 
the ])ursuit of Lee's army commanded the 1st Division, 24th Army 
Corps, which, on the morning of April 1), was placed across the 
Lynchburg road and met and repulsed Gordon and Field's Divis- 



National Encampment at Indianapolis. 75 

ions of Longstreet's Corps, wliicli had broken through the lines 
of the cavalry. 

General Foster was on duty on the Military Commission for 
the trial of the Conspirators charged with the assassination of 
President Lincoln. Brevetted Major-General March 13, 1865 ; re- 
signed from the service September, 1865. Has since been in busi- 
ness in Indianapolis. Was Provisional Commander, Department 
of Indiana, Grand Army of the Republic, 1866, and Department 
Commander, 1868. 

General August Willich, Quartermaster-General, was born in 
Eastern Prussia, and received a thorough military education. He 
came to the United States in 1853, and for a time worked as a car- 
penter in Eastern New York. He entered the service as a pri- 
vate in the 9th Ohio, but his military training brought him quick 
promotion, first as Adjutant and then Major. He was then trans- 
ferred to Indiana, and commissioned Colonel 32d Indiana Volun- 
teers. Was promoted to be Brigadier-General, July 17, 1862, for 
conspicuous gallantry in leading a brilliant charge at Pittsburgh 
Landing. It is claimed that he gave the orders for the storming 
of Mission Ridge on finding that his men could not remain in 
the positions assigned them. He was brevetted Major-General, 
October 21, 1865, and mustered-out January 15, 1866. He com- 
manded a brigade in 2d Division, 14th Army Corps, the 3d Divis- 
ion,. 4th Army Corps, and 2d Division, 20th Army Corps, At 
Resaca he was badly wounded in the s-houlder, which prevented 
further service in the field. His record was remarkably brilliant. 
He is now deceased. 

Major D. C. McNeil, Surgeon-General, was born in Spring- 
field, Illinois, January 16, 1825. He served in the Mexican War. 
At the outbreak of the Rebellion he was Captain of an independ- 
ent company at De Witt, Iowa, and was afterwards appointed 
Captain 1st United States Lancers. Was appointed Assistant 
Surgeon, 15th Iowa, August 19, 1862, and resigned in May, 1863. 
In February, 1865, he was appointed Assistant Surgeon, 2d United 
States Volunteer Infantry, and afterward Surgeon ; mustered-out 
November 6, 1865. Is now at Osceola, Missouri. 

General William A. Pile, elected Chaplain, entered the service 
in 1861 as Chaplain 1st Missouri Infantry. Was afterwards ap- 



76 Grand Ar^iy of the Hepublic. 

pointed Colonel 53d Missouri Volunteers. Brigadier-General, 
from December 20, 18(53, and Brevet Major-General, April 9, 1865, 
Mustered-out August 24, 1865. After the war lie was elected 
Member of Congress from the First District, Missouri. Was ap- 
pointed bv President Grant Minister to Venezuela, and after a few 
years of servica resigned to engage in business. He is now living 
in California. 



CHAPTER VI. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF S. A. HURLBUT.- 
SECOND ANNUAL SESSION, PHILADELPHIA, JANUARY 15, 1868. 

Headquarters were retained at Springfield, under the charge 
of Adjutant-General Stephenson. 

General Hurlbut, engrossed in his own affairs, was unable to 
devote the time required for personal supervision or direction of 
the work at Headquarters during this, probably the most critical 
period in the history of the Grand Army of the Republic, and 
though Adjutant-General Stephenson was thoroughly devoted to 
the Order, it was evident that he greatly lacked in the requisites 
for the methodical conduct of office business. 

Applications for advice, instructions, and requisitions for sup- 
plies, were not promptly attended to, and the work of organiza- 
tion was thus greatly retarded. The larger Departments found 
it necessary to print Rituals, Rules and other supplies for their 
Posts. 

The failure to convene the National Encampment during the 
year gave occasion for considerable criticism, and a number of 
leading comrades felt it necessary to strongly advise the Com- 
mander-in-chief of the evil consequences of such delay. 

A conference of influential members was held in Philadelphia 
to consider this matter, and the consent of Senior Vice-Command- 
er-in-chief McKean was obtained to a proposition that he should 
himself convene the Encampment if another appeal to Headquar- 
ters should pass unheeded. The necessity for such action was, 
however, averted by the issue of the following : 

General Orders ) Headquarters Grand Army of the Republic, 

No, 46. ) Adjutant-General's Office, 

Springfield, Illinois, December 2, 1867. 

It is hereby ordered that the annual meeting of the Grand Army of the Republic 
be held in the city of Philadelphia on the 15th day of January, 1868. 

The attention of Department Commanders is very respectfully called to Section 
One, Article Sixteen, Rules and Regulations of the Order, and they are hereby re- 
quired to call a meeting of their respective Departments, if not already done, prior 

[?7] 



78 Grand Army ok the Republic. 

to said meetiug, iu order that they may elect their delegates in accordance with said 
Article, and be fully represented, as business of importance will be presented to the 
meeting. 

By order of STEPIIEX A.'HUHLBUT. 

Commander-in-Chief. 
B. F. STEPHENSON, 

Adjutant-General. 

The meeting was held iu the Assembly Buildings, southwest 
corner Tenth and Chestnut streets, Philadelphia. Commander- 
in-chief Hurlbut presided. 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

Joshua T. Owen, Pennsylvania ; James G. Blunt, Kansas ; 
Henry B. Banning, Ohio ; Geo. W. Palmer, New York ; and Eobt. 
W. Smith, Illinois. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Connecticut, 6 ; Delaware, 4 ; Illinois, 3G ; Indiana, 22 ; Iowa, 
6 ; Kansas, 2 ; Maine, 6 ; Massachusetts, 4 ; Maryland, 5 ; Michi- 
gan, 2 ; Minnesota, 5 ; Missouri, 7 ; New Hampshire, 3 ; New 
York, 14 ; New Jersey, 5 ; Ohio, 34 ; Pennsylvania, 8 ; Potomac, 5 ; 
Bhode Island, 5 ; Tennessee, 3 ; Wisconsin, 4. Total, 21 Depart- 
ments and 186 Representatives. 

The report of the Committee on Credentials was referred back 
with instructions — 1st, on motion of Comrade Moorehouse, of 
Kansas, to omit the military titles of comrades ; and, 2d, on mo- 
tion of Comrade D. E. Sickles, New York, to receive the names of 
" ex officio members." It is not shown what names, if any were 
added to the amended report. 

Adjutant-General Stephenson presented the following : 

REPORT OF THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL, G. A. R., U. S.* 

Headquakters Guand Army of the REruuLic, ) 

Adjutant General's Office, >- 

Springfield, Ills , Jan. 10. 1868. ) 

To the Comrades of the Grand Arm)/ of the Republic, thronyh their representatives in 

National Convention assembled, greetin(j : 

The Adjutant General, in presenting this the first oflicial report of the rise and 
progress of the glorious Order now represented in National Couventiou, approaches 



• The MSS of this report was not among the papers turned over. The above 
extract was copied from the tiles of the " Ohio Republic " by Adjutant-General Chip- 



ext 

man.— Altuok 



Administration of S. A. Hurlbut. 79 

the subject with extreme ditHdence, feeling himself, as he does, unable to do the 
subject the justice it deserves. 

Early in the spring of 1866 a few patriots, deeply feeling the importance of organ- 
izing a grand association of the gallant Union soldiers and sailors of the late terrible 
rebellion, for the purpose of fostering fraternal relations, and keeping alive the zeal 
of patriotism and devotion to our country, and above all for the purpose of mutual 
support and assistance in clothing the naked, feeding the hungry, and furnishing 
employmcLit to destitute, sick and wounded comrades, and caring for the widows 
and orphans of our gallant dead, formed their plans, and publicly calling on all in- 
terested, on the 12th day of July, 1866, met in Convention in the Representatives 
Hall in the State capitol at Springfield, Ills., and then, and there, formed the nucleus 
of the grand organization here represented in Convention, and which, from that 
humble origin now extends an influence of great power throughout nearly every 
State and Territory in our country. 

Your present Adjutant-General was honored by the appointment as Provisional 
Commander in-Chief. With but crude materials at his command ( mere local influ- 
ence, and but little pecuniary means) aided by a few noble workers, he succeeded in 
a few months in establishing Provisional Departments in several States and Terri- 
tories, and placing them in good working order. The Boys in Blue saw the impor- 
tance of the Organization, and as they flew to arms when Sumter fell, so did they soon 
fill up our ranks. But the material was crude, our ranks but as raw recruits, and the 
importance of a more thorough organization was keenly felt. So the first National 
Convention was called to convene in the city of Indianapolis, Ind., on the 20th day 
of iSTovember, 1866, and then and there the Grand Army of the Republic received its 
first official recognition. The officers for the current year were elected, a Council of 
Administration appointed, a Constitution and Regulations adopted, and the noble 
ship, with its precious freight of charity and fraternal love, with the stars and stripes 
nailed to the mast, was launched upon the great sea of human events, and right 
nobly has the gallant bark done duty since that time; though she has passed through . 
many bitter engagements with her ancient enemies, the traitor ship and crew, and 
even assailed by those who should have been her friends, her flag is still there! 
********** 
From information derived from numerous letters received daily at my oflice from 
every part of our land, I am highly gratified in stating my belief that our organiza- 
tion is rapidly gaining in strength and importance, and through its instrumentality 
thousands of starving widows and orphans have been fed and clothed, while other 
thousands of our poor, helpless, crippled comrades have been placed in positions 
where they could earn their own bread, who, but for our instrumentality, would 
be left to seek their support from the cold hand of charity, and the Union soldier 
disdains to beg. I would also state that all the documents, files of correspondence, 
books, &c., remaining in my office, will be held subject to the requisition of my sue- 



In conclusion, I would offer my hearty congratulations for the unprecedented suc- 
cess of our Organization, so dear to the heart of every patriot soldier, and earnestly 
trust that the deliberations of this body may prove harmonious, and such action ma- 
tured as will better develop the power and influence of our Order for good through- 
out our land. 

Fraternally, 

B. F. STEPHENSON, 

Adjt Geul G. A. R., U. S. 



80 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 



FINANCES. 



The financial statement sliowed receipts, $352 ; disbursements, 
$1,637.50 ; deficiency, $1,285.56. The receipts were from the fol- 
lowing Departments : Louisiana, $130 ; Pennsylvania, $70 ; Kan- 
sas, $50 ; Ohio, $20 ; Missouri, $17 ; New Jersey, $13 ; Michigan, 
$10 ; Minnesota, $10 ; Nebraska, $10 ; West Virginia, $10 ; Massa- 
chusetts, $8 ; Wisconsin, $4. 

Expenditures were : For printing, $539.65 ; clerk-hire, $638.66 ; 
office rent and expenses, $459.25. 

The report of such meagre receipts was a surprise to the mem- 
bers of the Encampment. It proved that something was radically 
wrong in the system of taxation, or else in the method, or lack of 
method, of collecting. It was evident that the work of organiza- 
tion had been hampered by jDOverty of means, and that a remedy 
must be promptly ajDplied. 

The delinquent Departments represented over 1,400 Posts. 
The Committee on Finance, Comrade Nathan Kimball, Indiana, 
Chairman, recommended the immediate assessment of one dollar 
upon each Post to liquidate the indebtedness. 

The result of this assessment, as shown in the report for the 
following year was the collection of but $302, the following De- 
partments only, paying their assessments : California, $6 ; Con- 
necticut, $18; Maine, $12; Maryland, $11; Massachusetts, $43; 
Michigan, $29 ; New Hampshire, $1 ; New York, $55 ; Pennsylva- 
nia, $99 ; Potomac, $3 ; Rhode Island, $10 ; Tennessee, $5 ; Wis- 
consin, $10. 

Comrade J. T. Owen, of Philadelphia, then personally ad- 
vanced to Major Stephenson $500 in cash, and paid bills for print- 
ing Rituals, etc., amounting to nearly $1,400. Three years time 
was required to repay the money so advanced. 

During the session of the Encampment a communication was 
received from the National Council, Union League of America, a 
secret political association, inviting a conference " for the jsurpose 
of pecuring co-operative action between the Grand Army and the 
Union Leagiie of America." 

The invitation was referred to a committee consisting of C. E. 
Lippincott, Illinois ; J. B. McKean, New York ; Nathan Kimball, 
Indiana ; Jno. F. Hartranft, Pennsylvania, and Jas. Shaw, Rhode 
Island. The committee, after consideration, decided that no ac- 
tion should be taken on the proposition. 



Administration of S. A. Hurlbut. 81 

RULES AND REGULATIONS AND RITUAL. 

The names of members appointed on tliese committees are not 
recorded, but the reports were made by General Theo. B. Gates, 
New York, as Chairman of the Committee on Eules, and bj Major 
A. S. Cushman, Massachusetts, Chairman of Committee on Ritual. 

District organizations were abolished. A proposition to 
change the terms of the Declaration of Princij)les which would 
show the Order to be non-partisan, gave rise to a heated discus- 
sion which threatened to lead to a disruption ; one side claiming 
that the organization should be avowedly political in its objects, 
the other, while as desirous of upholding " the rights of the de- 
fenders of their country by all moral, social and political means 
in our control," took the ground that partisanship had j)ractically 
destroyed the Order in the West, and would have the same effect 
elsewhere, and that the organization could not be maintained 
while there was any ground for the popular belief that it was a 
secret political society. The amendment " that this association 
does not design to make nominations for office or to use its influ- 
ence as a secret organization for partisan purposes," was finally 
carried. The Article prohibiting the introduction of any partisan 
questions was incorporated in the Rules at the next session. 

Comrades A. S. Cushman, Massachusetts, and T. Wentworth 
Higginson, Rhode Island, as a sub-committee, presented a revised 
Ritual, which was adopted by the Encampment without change. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

Comrade N. P. Chipman, Chairman, presented the following 
from the Committee on Resolutions, which were adopted : 

Whereas, we believe the loyal people of this country bear the citizen soldiery iu 
grateful remembrauce, aud heartily accord to them all honor for their heroic sacri- 
fices to save the nation, and wherever the question of merit is equally balanced 
would prefer to see honorably discharged soldiers and sailors promoted to places of 
trust and profit; and, 

Whereas, by the experience of the past two years we are painfully admonished 
that public officials, and those possessing the power to appoint to and remove from 
office, almost wholly ignore service in the late army and navy against rebellion as a 
qualification for office, and sometimes treat such service as a positive disqualification: 
Therefore, be it 

Resolved, That we most earnestly recommend this subject to Congress as deserv- 
ing speedy action. 

Resolred, That we regard it the duty of Congress to provide, by some regulation 
of the civil offices, so that honorable service as a soldier or sailor of the country may 
constitute a qualification for appointment, aud that iu the several Departments of the 
6 



82 Grand Army op the Eepublic. 

Government a definite and equitable number from this class of citizens be chosen 
from the list of applicants, if shown to possess the requisite skill and fitness. 

Jtcfi-ilved, That Congress be requested to so frame the law as to protect our com- 
rades now in civil employment of the Government from being discriminated against 
by those having the authority to remove them in any future reduction of the number 
in such civil employment. 

Resolved, That this resolution be engrossed, and a copy thereof certified and sent 
to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, with 
the request that they be laid before that honorable body as the sense of the citizen 
soldiery of the country, and with the urgent petition that Senators and Representa- 
tives give this matter their early and earnest attention. 

Comrade E. Y. Goldsboroiigli, of Maryland, presented the fol- 
lowing preamble and resolutions, which were adoj^ted : 

Whereas, arrangements are being perfected by State legislation and otherwise to 
inter in the Antietam National Cemetery the remains of those rebels who were killed 
in the vicinity of said cemetery; and, 

Whereas, we feel that respect to our fallen comrades requires us to oppose any 
such movement, and to protect their ashes from insult: Therefore, be it 

Resohed, by the Grand Army of the Republic, in convention assembled, That we 
demand from Congress such legislation as will forever prevent the burial, in any of 
the national cemeteries, of any person other than the deceased soldiers and sailors of 
the Republic, for whom they were intended, by placing said cemeteries under the 
control of the general Government, or by such other mode as to them shall seem best 
to accomplish the object herein sought. 

Resolred, That copies of this preamble and resolutions be forwarded to the Presi- 
dent of the Senate of the United States and the Speaker of the House of Representa 
tives for the immediate action of said bodies. 

Resolutions were adopted thanking General J. P. C. Shanks, 
Indiana, for the introduction of a bill in Congress to furnish dis- 
aliled soldiers and sailors requiring them, artificial limbs at the 
expense of the United States ; to the Common Council of Phila- 
delphia for the use of their chamber in Independence Hall for the 
closing meetings of the Encampment ; and heartily commending 
tlie proposition to erect a National Monument at Springfield to 
the memory of the martyred President, Abraham Lincoln. 

The Union Le.^oue of Philadelphia extended a courteous invi- 
tation to the Encampment to visit the League House. The secre- 
tary, George H. Boker, in forwarding the invitation, said : " The 
freedom of our house is offered to your members individually, at 
all times, during the sessions of your useful and patriotic conven- 
tion in this city." 

The thanks of tlie Encampment were tendered the Union 
League for tlieir hospitality. 



Administration of 8. A. Hurlbut. 83 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following were elected officers : Commander-in-Chief, John 
A. Logan, Illinois ; Senior Vice-Commander-in-Cliief, Joshna T. 
Owen, Pennsylvania ; Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Jos. E. 
Hawley, Connecticut ; Adjutant-General, N. P. Chipman, Potomac ; 
Inspector-General, Edward Jardine, New Jersey ; Quartermaster- 
General, T. C. Campbell, Ohio ; Surgeon-General, Dr. John Bell, 
Iowa ; Chaplain-General, Eev. A. H. Quint, Massachusetts. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Connecticut, E. W. Whitaker ; Illinois, Julius C. White ; Indi- 
ana, Chas. Cruft ; Iowa, Thos. I. Sanders ; Kansas, Jno. A. Mar- 
tin ; Louisiana, H. C, Warmouth ; Maryland, A. W. Denison ; 
Maine, M. T. AVentworth ; Massachusetts, A. S. Cushman ; Michi- 
gan, William Phelps ; Minnesota, J. A. Ege ; Missouri, T. C. 
Fletcher ; New Hampshire, T>. J. Yaughn ; New Jersey, G. Cum- 
mings ; NeAV York, Theo. B. Gates ; Ohio, H. B. Banning ; Penn- 
sylvania, Jno. F. Hartranft ; Potomac, N. P. Chipman ; Rhode 
Island, James Shaw, Jr. ; Tennessee, H. D. Grant ; Wisconsin, J. 
K. Proudfit. 



CHAPTER yil. 

AD:\IIXISTIIATI0N of commander-in-chief JOHN A. LOGAN— 
THllU) ANNUAL SESSION, CINCINNATI, MAY 12, 1869— MEETING 
(JF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION, PHILADEL- 
PHIA, OCTOBER 1, 1868, AND SPECIAL SESSION, NATIONAL EN- 
CAMPMENT, NEW YORK, OCTOBER 27, 1869. 

General Logan was not present at tlie Philadelphia Encamp- 
ment -when elected Commander-in-Chief. He established his 
headquarters in Washington, and appointed W. T. Collins Assist- 
ant Adjutant-General. The Adjutant-General, N. P. Chipman, 
Quartermaster-General, T. C. Campbell, and Inspector-General, 
Edward Jardine, had been elected at Philadelphia. 

General John Alexander Logan was born near Murphysboro', 
Jackson County, Illinois, February 9, 1826. He volunteered for 
service in the war with Mexico, was commissioned Lieutenant in 
the 1st Illinois Regiment, and afterwards Adjutant. After the 
close of that war he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 
1851. He was a member of the Illinois Legislature in 1852, '53 
and '54, and in 1856 was one of the Presidential Electors on the 
Democratic ticket. 

He was elected to the 36th Congress, and re-elected in 1860. 
He attended the sjjecial session of Congress called by President 
Lincoln, July 4, 1861, and was so serving on the eve of the battle 
of Bull-Run, when, actuated by a patriotic impulse, he left his 
seat and served as a private with the 2d Michigan Yolunteers in 
that battle. The defeat of our army only stimulated his patriotic 
ardor, and he returned to his constituents, noted for their adher- 
ence to their jiartisan convictions, and by his earnest appeals 
Avrought a radical change in their opinions. He at once com- 
menced recruiting the 31st Illinois Volunteer Regiment, was com- 
missioned Colonel August 10, 1861, and a few weeks later led his 
regiment in a brilliant charge at Belmont. 

He commanded liis regiment at Fort Henry and Avas wounded 
at Donelsou. After liis recovery he reported for duty to Gen- 
eral Grant at Pittsburg Landing, and on March 5, 1862, was 
[84] 



Administration of John A. Logan. 85 

made Brigadier-General of Volunteers. In the May following he 
gained additional laurels by his skillful work in the siege of 
Corinth, and after the occupation of the town his brigade guarded 
the rail communications with Jackson, Tennessee. He was made 
a Major-General November 29, 1862, in recognition of his skill 
and bravery during Grant's campaign along the Mississij^pi. He 
took a conspicuous part in the battle of Port Gibson, and that 
of Raymond on May 12, helped to drive the rebels out of Jackson 
two days later, and was in the battle of Champion Hill. He 
commanded the center in the siege of Yicksburg, and his column 
first entered the city after the surrender, July 4, 1863. He was 
appointed Military Governor of the city, and was presented with 
a gold medal, the badge of the Seventeenth Army Corps. During 
that year he visited the North and made several eloquent Union 
speeches. The following winter he Avas stationed at Huntsville, 
Alabama, having succeeded General Sherman as Commander 
of the Fifteenth Army Corps. Early in the summer of 1864 
the Division of the Mississij^pi was preparing for " Sherman's 
march to the sea." General Logan led the Army of the Tennessee 
on the right of the march, and was successively engaged in the 
battle of Resaca, in the repulse of Hardee's forces at Dallas, 
at Kenesaw Mountain, and in the battle of Atlanta where 
General McPherson fell. General Logan at once took command, 
and his men fought with such desperate fury that 8,000 confed- 
erate dead were left on the field. General Logan also took part 
in the battle at Ezra Church. In fact, he particijDated in every 
battle of that historic campaign ending in the fall of Atlanta. 
After this, at the special request of Mr. Lincoln, he made num- 
erous speeches in the Western States. He joined his command 
again at Savannah, and marched with Sherman through the 
Carolinas, and after Johnston's surrender, to Washington. He 
was appointed to succeed General Howard in the command of the 
Army of the Tennessee, on May 23, 1865. 

General Logan was mustered-out of service late in 1865, and 
in that year President Johnson offered him the position of Minis- 
ter to Mexico, which he declined. The Republicans of Illinois 
elected him to represent the State at large in Congress by over 
60,000 majority. He was one of the managers on the part of the 
House in the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson in the spring 
of 1867. He was returned to the House of Representatives in 
1868 and 1870, but in 1871 he was elected to the Senate to succeed 



8(5 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

Senator Yates. His term expired in 1877, when David Da^vxa svas 
cliosen to succeed him. Tlie Republicans in the Illinois J legisla- 
ture then had only two majority on joint ballot, and three of the 
Republicans voted with the Democrats for Mr. Davis. Two years 
later he was elected to succeed United States Senator Oglesby. 
He introduced and supported many bills concerning pensions and 
rewards to soldiers, and showed a deep and practical interest in 
army matters in general. 

In 1884 he was the candidate of the Republican party for 
Vice-President. 

General Logan was married in 1855 to Miss Mary Cunning- 
ham, of Shawneetown, Illinois. Mrs. Logan is a woman of great 
force of character and intellectual endowments, and took as deep 
an interest in his political work as she did during the war in his 
military career, and by her presence, with the General, at a large 
number of military reunions, she became a great favorite of the 
old soldiers. 

General Logan was an eloquent and convincing speaker. His 
oration at the tomb of General Grant, at Riverside, was a magnif- 
icent tribute to the brother soldier, whose confidence he fully 
possessed. 

He died in AVashington, December ''IG, 1886. At the Metro- 
politan Church in Washington, of which General Logan was a 
member, a Memorial Tablet has been erected, bearing the inscrip- 
tion : 

" To the deathless memory of Maj.-Gen. Johu Alexander Logau. Six years in 
the House of Representatives ; three times elected to the Senate of the United States ; 
40 years in official life. Great statesman of the mighty West ; commander of the 
Army of the Tennessee, and foremost Volunteer General of the Republic he loved 
so well. Victorious in arms; illustrious in council; esteemed wortliy the highest 
honors of his country. Noblest tyj^e of American manhood, generous, frank, brave; 
incorruptible patriot, honorable citizen, faithful friend, devoted husband, beloved 
parent, sincere Christian. "I lmnil)ly trust in God. If this is the end, I am ready.'" 

General Logan served three terms as Commander-in-Chief of 
the Grand Army of the Republic. At the time of his death he 
was a member of General U. S. Grant Post No. 28, Chicago. 

General Joshua T. Owen, Senior Yice-Coramander-in-Chief, 
was born, Marcli '2*.», LS'21, in AVal(>s. In LSMO his father settled in 
Baltimore, Avhere young Owen learned printing, but afterwards 
graduated from Jefferson College, Pliiladeli)hia. In 1847 the 



Administration of John A. Logan. 87 

family removed to Philadelphia, where he studied law and was 
admitted to the bar in 1852. He took an active interest in poli- 
tics, was elected, as a Democrat, member of Common Council in 
1856, and of the State Legislature in 1858. On the morning fol- 
lowing the firing on Fort Sumter General Owen enlisted as a 
Private in the First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, but was 
soon chosen Colonel 24th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. 
At the termination of the three months service he organized the 
69th Pennsylvania Volunteers, composed mainly of men of Irish 
birth and lineage. General Owen served actively as Regimental 
and as Brigade Commander, and received honorable mention from 
his Division, Corps and Army Commanders ; was promoted Brig- 
adier-General for conspicuous gallantry at Glendale. In 1866 
General Owen was President of the Philadelphia Council, " Boys 
in Blue," and as their candidate for Recorder of Deeds received 
the nomination and was elected. He was a charter member of 
Post 2, Philadelphia. He died at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, 
November 7, 1887. 

General Joseph R. Hawley, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 
was born in North Carolina, October 31, 1826. His parents were 
Connecticut people, and in 1837 moved to Farmington, Connecticut. 
He graduated from Hamilton College in 1847, then studied law and 
taught school. Returned to Connecticut in 1849, and comj)leted 
his law studies, locating in Hartford. He was a delegate to the 
Free-Soil Convention at Pittsburgh in 1852, and in 1856 was a 
member of the National Republican Convention in Philadelphia. 
In 1857 he became one of the proprietors of the Hartford Press, 
afterwards merged in the Hartford Courant. 

He was the first man to enlist in Connecticut, and went out as 
Captain, Company A, 1st Connecticut Volunteers, in the three 
months service. Was afterwards commissioned Lieutenant-Col- 
onel 7th Connecticut Volunteers, and succeeded Colonel Terry 
on the latter's promotion as Brigadier-General. 

He was promoted Brigadier-General, U. S. V., September 17, 
1864, and brevetted Major-General, to date September 28, 1865. 
He was in service during the war with the 10th and 24th Corps, 
during the latter part of his service as Chief of Staff to Major 
General Terry. Mustered-out in January, 1866. 

He was elected Governor of Connecticut in 1866 ; Member of 
Congress in 1872, re-elected in 1874 and again in 1878, He 



88 Grand Army of the Republic. 

entered the U. S. Senate March -Ith, 18()1, was re-elected iu 1887, 
and is now so serving (1888), 

He was President of the Centennial Commission in 1873, and 
for three years devoted his time and talents to making the Inter- 
national Exposition a grand success. 

General Norton P. Chipman, Adjutant-General, was horn in 
Milford Centre, Ohio, March 7th, 1831. He removed to Washing- 
ton, Iowa, in 1815, where later he practiced law. He entered the 
army as a Private, and Avas promoted to ha Second Lieutenant of 
the 2d Iowa Infantry, the first three years regiment from that 
State. Promoted to Adjutant and Major of his regiment. Was 
severely wounded at Fort Donelson. Appointed Colonel and Aid- 
de-Camp in the regular army, and served as Chief of Staff to 
General Curtis. AVas detailed by President Lincoln on several 
dangerous and important missions. He served as Judge-Advocate 
of several military courts, and at the trial of Wirz, the Anderson- 
ville prison keeper, charged with cruelty to prisoners of war. At 
the close of the war he was brevetted Brigadier-General. He 
was Secretary of the Territorial Government of the District of 
Columbia at its organization, and was the Delegate to Congress 
from that District in the 42d and 43d Congress. 

He moved to California in 1875, and is now interested in man- 
ufacturing enterprises at Red Bluff, California. 

T. C. Campbell, Quartermaster-General, was born in Roches- 
ter, New York, April 27th, 1845, and enlisted, on his sixteenth 
birthday, in the three months service. He was afterwards com- 
missioned Captain in the 103d New York Volunteers, and Avas 
mustered-out in 1865. 

He joined the Grand Army of the Republic in 1866, and was 
Commander of his Post when but 21 years of age. In May, 1867, 
one year before the issue of General Logan's Memorial Day order, 
he recommended to his Post that the Posts of Cincinnati parade 
as a body to Spring-Grove Cemetery to decorate the graves of 
their dead coinrades. He was admitted to the bar in 1870, and 
Avas city Prosecuting Attorney from 1871 to 1875. 

General EmvAUi) Jaudine, Inspector-General. See portrait 
and Sketch, Chapter XIII. 




Group of National Officees, 1868. 



Administration of John A. Logan. 



89 



Rev. A. H. Quint, D. D., Cliaplain-in-Chief, served from Juue 
20, 1861, to May 25, 1864, as Chaplain 2d Massachusetts Volim- 
teer Infantry. 




Dr. John Bell. 



Dr. John Bell, Surgeon- 
General, served as Assistant 
Surgeon, and afterwards Sur- 
geon, 9th Iowa Cavalry, and 
was mustered-out at the close 
of the war. He ranked high 
in his profession, and one noted 
ojjeration made by him was that 
of cutting into a man's stomach 
and removing a piece of lead 
that had been accidentally swal- 
lowed. 

Dr. Bell died in Dallas, Tex., 
February 5, 1888, and his body 
was taken to his former home 
at Wapello, Iowa, and there 
buried. 

When Headquarters were established correspondence was at 
once opened with the Departments, and with veterans, in States 
and Territories then without any Grand Army organization. 
Permanent and Provisional Departments were rapidly organized. 

Twenty-one general orders were issued during the year, several 
announcing decisions upon points of Grand Army law. In Gen- 
eral Orders No. 1, January 21, 1868, the objects of the organization 
were fully recited, Avith a view to reaching the general public 
through the press, and General Logan added for the members of 
the Order : " All those characteristics which made you good 
soldiers in war must follow you into the Grand Army of the Re- 
public, to distinguish you there as they did in the camp and on 
the battlefield. Every comrade should properly estimate his own 
influence in carrying out the high aims of our Order, and none 
can be excused from a proper discharge of his duty under the 
false impression that his voice or his hand is not needed. You 
never could have put down the rebellion except by individual 
efforts united, and you cannot now secure the results you seek on 
any other principle." 



90 Grand Army of the Republic. 

memorial day, 

Early in May, 1868, Adjutant-General Chipmau received a let- 
ter from some comrade then living, as lie remembers, in Cincin- 
nati, in which the writer referred to the fact that he had served as 
a private soldier in the Union Army ; that in his native country, 
Germany, it was the custom of the people to assemble in the 
spring-time and scatter flowers upon the graves of the dead. 

He suggested that the Grand Army of the Republic inaugurate 
such an observance in memory of the Union dead. 

General Chipman thought the suggestion most opportune, and 
at once made a rough draft of a General Order covering this 
subject, and laid it, with the letter referred to, before General 
Logan. 

General Logan warmly approved the Order, himself adding 
several paragraphs. The date selected, May 30, was with the idea 
of using one of the spring months because of their poetical asso- 
ciations, and also to make it late in the last spring month, that it 
might be possible to find flowers in the New England and extreme 
Northern States. 

The Order reads as follows : 

Headquarters Grand Army of the Republic, ) 
Washington, D. C, May 5, 1868. f 

General Orders, } 
No. 11. f 

I. The 30th day of May, 1868, is designated for the purpose of strewing with 
flowers, or otherwise decorating the graves of comrades who died in defense of their 
country during the late rebellion, and whose bodies now lie in almost every city, 
village and hamlet churchyard in the land. In this observance no form of ceremony 
is prescribed, but Posts and comrades will in their own way arrange such fitting 
services and testimonials of respect as circumstances may permit. 

We are organized, comrades, as our Regulations tell us. for the purpose, among 
other things, " of preserving and strengthening those kind and fraternal feelings 
which have bound together the soldiers, .sailors and marines who united to suppress 
the late rebellion." What can aid more to assure this result than b}' cherishing ten- 
derly the memory of our heroic dead, who made their breasts a barricade between 
our country and its foes'? Their soldier lives were the reveille of freedom to a race 
in chains, and their deaths the tattoo of rebellious tyranny in arms. We should guard 
their graves with sacred vigilance. All that the consecrated wealth and taste of the 
nation can add to their adornment and security is but a fitting tribute to the memory 
of her slain defenders. Let no wanton foot tread rudely on such hallowed grounds. 
Let pleasant paths invite the coming and going of reverent visitors and fond mourn- 
ers. Let no vandalism of avarice or neglect, no ravages of time, testify to the present 
or to the coming generations that we have forgotten as a people the co.st of a free and 
undivided republic. 

If other eyes grow dull and other hands slack, and other liearts cold in the .solemn 
trust, ours shall keep it well as long as the light and warmth of life remain to us. 



Administration of John A. Logan. 91 

Let us, then, at the time appointed, gather around their sacred remains and gar- 
land the passionless mounds above them with the choicest flowers of springtime; let 
us raise above them the dear old tlag they saved from dishonor; let us in this solemn 
presence renew our pledges to aid and assist those whom they have left among us, a 
sacred charge upon a nation's gratitude — the soldier's and sailor's widow and orphan. 

II. It is the purpose of the Commander-in-Chief to inaugurate this observance 
with the hope that it will be kept up from year to year, while a survivor of the war 
remains to honor the memory of his departed comrades. He earnestly desires the 
public press to call attention to this Order, and lend its friendly aid in bringing it to 
the notice of comrades in all parts of the country in time for simultaneous compli- 
ance therewith. 

III. Department Commanders will use every effort to make this Order effective. 

By command of JOHN A. LOGAN, Coinmanderin-Chief. 

N. P. CHIPMAN, 

Adjuta lit- General. 

There were many who at first doubted the wisdom of institut- 
ing such an observance. It was claimed that it would unneces- 
sarily keep alive memories of the war, and foster animosities that 
should be buried in oblivion. 

Other objections were made to the expense, and that the money 
for music and flowers could be more wisely sjjent on the living. 

The Grand Army has answered this latter by increasing its 
benefactions year by year, and no good citizen has at any time 
had reason to observe any force in the first objection. It is a 
matter of great regret that the name of the comrade who first 
called the attention of General Chipman to this subject cannot 
now be recalled. 

During the war there had been many instances of the decora- 
tion of soldiers' graves, and earlier than the date of this Order a 
*' Decoration Day " had been generally observed by ex-Confeder- 
ates in the Southern States. 

General John B. Murray, then a resident of Waterloo, New 
York, on Sunday, May 27tli, 1866, marshalled a number of ex-sol- 
diers in that village who decorated the graves of their dead com- 
rades amid appropriate ceremonies?. GeDeral Murray claimed 
during his life that he had spoken of this to General Logan at one 
of the Army re-unions. It is also stated that Posts in Cincinnati, 
upon the suggestion of T. C. Campbell, afterwards Quartermaster- 
General, paraded in 1867 for the purpose of decorating the graves 
of their dead comrades. 

General Chipman, however, distinctly remembers the incident 
as already related, which directly resulted in the issue of the Gen- 
eral Orders instituting a Memorial Day. 



92 Grand Ahmy of the EEruBLic. 

Adjiitant-Geueral Chipman in his report referred to Memorial 
Day as follows : 

Probably no oue act ia your administration has done more to cement the brother- 
hood of our Order, and to remove any prejudice that might remain in the minds of 
the public against it. than the inauguration of the practice of an annual commemora- 
tion to the memory of our departed comrades, The day set apart last year was ob- 
serva'd iu all Departments, and by almost all the Posts, and with the most gratifying 
results. If this feature alone was the result of the organization, I think the estab- 
lishment of a national memorial day a sufficient reward to our comrades for all they 
have done, and this alone would be motive sufficient to perpetuate our Order. No 
other society was in a position to originate the observance, and probably no other 
would have done so. Now, it is an established national ceremonial day. The Con- 
gress of the United States unanimously passed the resolution, introduced by your.>elf , 
providing for the publication, in book form, of the proceedings had throughout the 
United States on the 30th of May, 1868, and it is believed that Congress will provide 
for the future annual publication of the reports of the>e commemorative observ- 
ances. 

The order directing the ceremonies to be held this year has been issued, and there 
is every evidence that they will be more impo,sing than heretofore. The press 
throughout the land commend the movement in the highest terms, and the heartiest 
CO operation is given our comrades on the part of citizens generally. 

Memorial Day is now a legal holiday in the following States : 
Pennsylvania, New York, Rhode Island, Colorado, Connecticut, 
Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, 
Vermont and Ohio. 

There has been an impression that, under General Logan, the 
Grand Army of the Republic was used to further the political 
ends of himself and of his party. This impression is erroneous, 
for the political work of the Grand Army of the Republic had 
spent its force and produced the results previously referred to be- 
fore his election as Commander-in-Chief. General Logan was op- 
posed to any partisan action by Posts, and so placed himself on 
record in his official addresses to the Order. 

One matter that occurred after General Logan's election as 
Coiimiauder-in-chief, that by some may be assumed as having a 
political bias, should be here recorded. President Johnson, in 
August, 1867, had requested the resignation of Secretary Stanton. 
Mr. Stanton refused to resign, and General Grant was appointed 
Secretary of War, ad interim. General Grant so served until Jan- 
uary 13, 18(58, when the Senate refused to concur in the removal 
of Mr. Stanton, and General Grant at once left the War Office and 
Mr. Stanton Un>k possession. On February 21st, an order was 
issued by the President dismissing Secretary Stanton from office, 



Administration of John A. Logan. 93 

and appointing Adjutant-General Lorenzo Thomas, Secretary, cid 
interim, but Mr. Stanton refused to acknowledge the legality of 
the order. Mrs. Logan has described what followed in an article 
in the National Tribune : 

Mr. Stanton refused to surrender the office, and ordered Gen. Thomas to return 
to his desk and duties in the Adjutant-General's office. Mr. Stanton's courage and 
coolness at this critical moment meant much to this country; but to stand single 
handed and alone and thwart the unknown schemes of this mendacious President 
was more than he felt he could do. Neither did the patriotic men of the Nation 
intend he should. For some time the movemeui;s of the President had been watched 
most critically by men who had decided that he should not betray the party and the 
country. 

Gen. Logan was then Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic. 
He lost no time in seeking Secretary Stanton, and assured him that that organization 
was prepared for the emergency, explaining to him that at that moment a great many 
of these men were quietly patrolling the city of Washington, ready at a moment's 
notice to take up the arms they had so recently laid aside, if need be, to protect the 
Government and maintain its supremacy, and that he would be sustained. Mr. 
Stanton remained night and day in the Department, expecting an attempt would be 
made to remove him by force, and aware that the moment he should leave his office 
Thomas would take possession. He had his meals served in his office, and at night 
couches were placed there also, and Secretary Stanton and General Logan slept there 
till the trouble was settled. Gen. Logan attended upon his duties in the House of 
Representatives during the day— met his staff of the Grand Army of the Republic in 
his rooms at Willard s Hotel at nightfall. They carried out his orders as to the 
posting of sentinels, and being ready at a signal to assemble at the War Department, 
.should a forcible ejectment of the war-tried Secretary be attempted Few persons 
here to-day know of the part then played by the Grand Army of the Republic, with 
Gen. Logan at tlieir head, or of the salutary effect it had at that time. By some means 
Mr. Johnson was advised of what w^as being done, and that Gen. Logan stayed with 
Stanton in the War Department at night. He spoke to Gen. Logan about the matter. 
Gen. Logan assured him that, had he tried the execution of his plans to take forcible 
possession of the War Department and control of the Army, for the furtherance and 
perpetuation of his power, he would have found that the volunteer soldiery were 
ready to respond to the call of their country, and to protect the loyal people of the 
unreconstructed States. 

General Chipman, in referring to this incident many years 
after, said : " Of course this was outside the ' Eegulations,' but 
none of us supposed for a moment we were not engaged in 
the performance of a high and important trust ; and most cer- 
tainly if President Johnson had attempted to forcibly eject Mr. 
Stanton by military power, the members of our Posts, without ex- 
ception, at that time, would have rallied to Mr. Stanton's support 
and would have laid down their lives in his defence. My old 
comrades of the District of Columbia did not all know what was 
meant by having arms and ammunition issued to them, but they 



9-4 (tKANI) AltMV OF THE REPUBLIC. 

will doubtless remember the fact." " One uiglit," said General 
Chipmau, "when I was on guard, and several prominent persons 
were spending the early evening with the Secretary, a parcel was 
brought in l)y a messenger which proved to be a box of very fine 
cigars. In the box was the donor's card, and on the back was 
written the following : 

" If thou, O sleepless son of Mars, 
Can'st cheer thy vigils with cigars, 
I send thee these, and thus invoke, 
That all thy troubles end in smoke." 

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF ADMINISTKATION. 

The National Council of Administration met on October 1, 
1868, in the quarters of Post No. 1, Philadelphia, pursuant to 
General Orders No. 17, dated September 4. 

Comrade James Shaw, Jr., presided in the absence of the 
Commander-in-chief, and of the Senior and Junior Vice-Com- 
manders-in-Chief. 

The Council made a change in the Badge of the organization, 
to which further reference is made under a sjDecial chapter. 

They appointed a committee " to revise the Ritual and the 
Rules and Regulations, to consider the subject of Degree's, and 
to recommend a Uniform, to report at the next meeting of the 
National Encampment." 

James SliaAv, Jr., Louis Wagner, Pennsylvania ; Rev. A. H. 
Quint, Massachusetts ; O. M. Wilson, Indiana ; T. AV. Higgiuson, 
Rhode Island ; Thomas L. Young, Ohio ; F. AV. Sparling, Ten- 
nessee, constituted this committee. 

Suggestions were invited from comrades generall}', " to aid the 
committee in making our Ritual and our Rules and Regulations 
worthy of our organization." 

The committee held a meeting in New York city, and organized 
by electing comrade Shaw, Chairman, and AA^. A\^ Douglas, of 
Rhode Island, who had been added to the Committee, was 
chosen Secretary. A large number of plans and suggestions, of- 
fered in pursuance of the published request, were considered. 
The general plan was formulated. Comrades Shaw and Douglas 
taking especial charge of the Rules, and Chaplain Quint of the 
liitual. The result of the work of this committee is recorded in 
the re])ort following of the Cincinnati Encampment. Page 98. 



Administration of John A. Logan. 95 



THIRD annual SESSION. 

The third annual meeting of the National Encampment was 
held in Cincinnati May 12, 1869. 

General W. H. Baldwin, on behalf of the Committee of Ar- 
rangements, made an eloquent address in welcoming the represen- 
tatives of the Grand Army to Cincinnati. An appropriate re- 
sponse was made by Adjutant-General Chipman. 

Commander-in-Chief John A. Logan presided. In his address, 
referring to the disbandment of the armies, he said : 

In classic days both republican and imperial Rome had been shaken to its centre 
by disbanded soldiery, while in Greece and Spain the mountain fastnesses had been 
filled with desperadoes from such bodies, whose subsistence was wrung from passing 
travellers or peaceful haciendas. Even our neighboring Republic of Mexico had 
furnished examples of the danger to mankind of forcing bodies of soldiers from their 
avocation to the quiet scenes of ordinary life. 

But neither Rome, Greece, Spain nor Mexico was ever tried by such an ordeal as 
ours. Their disbanded armies were, in comparison with ours, almost as nothing. In 
fact, there is not in human history a case cited, except ours, in which a million of 
soldiers were, in a day, removed from belligerent to peaceful life. Probably there is 
no government on earth except our own that would have dared to try the experiment. 
I am confident there is no other in which such trial would be safe. 

No outbreak, no revolution, no disaster of any magnitude has followed the segre- 
gation of these million warriors. They sought their homes with joyful hearts and 
tuneful voices. There were no tears of mourning over the cast-off trappings and 
habiliments of strife. The hand grown cunning in the use of arms applied itself to 
the ax, the hammer, the loom and spade. Battle shouts had given place to exultations 
over victory, and these, in turn, were followed by the songs of joy, of love and peace, 
that sanctify that place of heaven called home. 

Very much of this sublime result is due, doubtless, to the form of government 
under which we live. Much is attributable to the educational influences among which 
we were reared, and much, very much, to the organization known as the "Grand 
Army of the Republic." 

This Order originated in a desire for mutual protection, aid and education. We 
never feared that the toils and sufferings of our soldiery would be forgotten, or fail 
to be appreciated by the mass of our countrymen, but we did fear that high officials 
might at times be prompted by their selfishness to disregard or neglect us. 

Politically, our object is not to mingle in the strifes of parties, but by our 
strength and numbers to be able to exact from all a recognition of our rights with 
others. 

"We desire, further, by this organization, to commemorate the gallantry and suffer- 
ings of our comrades, give aid to bereaved families, cultivate fraternal sympathy 
among ourselves, find employment for the idle, and generally, by our acts and pre- 
cepts, to give the world a practical example of unselfish, manly co-operation. 

Thus far our efforts have proved successful. The report of the Adjutant-General 
will present fully the history and progress of our Order, and more than sustain our 
highest hopes of the future. The burden of many crosses has been lifted from many 
hearts. Famishing souls and bodies have been fed. Manly excellence has been devel- 



9() (rRAND Army of the Kepublic. 

oped and cultivated, while public, social and domestic life amotn? our comrades has 
been puritied and blessed through our humane endeavors. 

I congratulate you that our Order flourishes now as it never has done before, and 
that peace, tranquility and industry are comparatively universal among ourselves 
and throughout our national domain. 

Let us foster and cherish this benevolent Order, so useful in the past, so beneficent 
in the present, and giving such promi.se for the future. Let us unite in vigorous efforts 
to extend and perpetuate its power. 

While in the flush and strength of manhood we may not fully grasp and realize 
the fact that man's true interest lies in doing good; but when the golden bowl of 
life is breaking, when our faces become carved in storied hieroglyphics by the 
stylus and pantagraph of age, each act of kindness done, each word of kindness 
.spoken, will, by natural compensating law, return like the dove of Ararat to the 
soul from which it was sent, anil bearing with it branches of unfading green from 
the Post 'bevoud the river." 



REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

The report of Adjutant-General Chipman opened with a brief 
reference to the formation of the Grand Army, followed by a thor- 
ough revieAv of the condition of the Departments, numbering 37, 
with about 2,500 Posts. The Adjutant-General made no estimate 
of the membership on account of the meagre and unsatisfactory 
returns of several large Departments. 

Owing to the delinquency of the large Departments in the 
West, the receipt of moneys had been but -^1,262.87, while the out- 
lay for part payment of old debts, and for the large amount of 
supplies required, amounted to $3,004.83, leaving a deficiency of 
81,741.96. 

There was still due Comrade Stephenson, a balance of $785.56, 
and to Comrade J. T. Owen, of Philadelphia, $1,040 for cash ad- 
vanced to meet jDrevious indebtedness. 

The DejDartments of Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Min- 
nesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin were cred- 
ited with payment of dues for the term ending June 30, 1868, and 
California, Colorado, Kentucky, Maine, New Hamjishire, New 
Jersey, Potomac, Rhode Island, South Carolina and Tennessee, in 
addition to the Departments above reported, for the term ending 
December 31, 1868. 

"Tlie arcidves of the org.unzation transmitted to me by the late Adjutant-General 
comprised one General Order Hook, one Special Order Book, one Roster of Depart- 
meiil^, inci)ni])l('te. a Letter Hook containing a few copies of letters received in No- 
vember and December, 1866, and .January, 1867. No files of letters, no books con- 
taining copies of letters sent from Headquarters, no books showing the dates of 



Administration of John A. LoriAN, 97 

organization of Departments, when charters were issued, and to wliom and by what 
authority— in short, nothing in this respect which would have been interesting and 
which were, indeed, almost indispensable to me in our re-organization, except the 
books I have mentioned, could be found. 

' ' By these very meagre data I was compelled at first to be guided. You will, from 
this, perceive something of the labor devolved upon Headquarters in opening up a 
correspondence with the various Departments, and collecting information as to their 
origin and condition. In some instances months elapsed before it was possible to 
ascertain who were the officers of certain Departments known to have an existence, 
and of course during this time neither Regulations nor Rituals could be distributed. 
In some instances Departments were established from these Headquarters, and Pro- 
visional Commanders appointed, when afterwards it was ascertained that Depart- 
ments had already been organized in those localities, and Provisional Commanders 
appointed by your predecessor, but of which no record was to be found among the 
papers transmitted to me. 

"The National Encampment convened at Philadelphia was therefore an era in the 
history of our Order. It resulted in the establishment of Headquarters at the National 
Capital, which, to a certain extent, not only nationalized the Order, but gave great 
facility of communication, and for the first time enabled a correspondence to be 
opened with the leading members of the organization, and with the various Depart- 
ments and commands throughout the United States. I at once procured and opened 
books and records, such as seemed to be necessary to the permanent preservation of 
important facts and information connected with the Order. 

" I was unable to obtain any official report of the transactions of the organization 
prior to the meeting of the Convention at Indianapolis; and what I have given in 
other portions of this report with regard to the matter, as I have intimated, are matters 
of tradition, rather than official information. 

" The books and records which came into my hands furnish no evidence of there 
having been reciprocal relations kept up between Posts and Departments and National 
Headquarters. Indeed, it would appear that Posts and Departments must have organ- 
ized largely upon their own responsibility, and many of them appear not to have 
made any report to Headquarters during the administration of General Hurlbut. It 
is greatly to be regretted that amid all this rapid growth of the Order and the en- 
thusiasm with which it seems to have spread, that there should appear nowhere any 
recoi'd of its progress." 



The following were appointed a Committee on Credentials: J. 
Warren Keifer, Ohio ; G. G. Miner, Tennessee ; S. A. Duncan, Po- 
tomac ; K A. Bacliia, New York ; Solon T. Carter, NeAV Hamp- 
shire. 

The Committee reported as entitled to representation : Cali- 
fornia, 3 ; Colorado, 2 ; Kentucky, 2 ; Maine, 5 ; Maryland, 2 ; 
Massachusetts, 8 ; Michigan, 2 ; Minnesota, 2 ; New Hampshire, 
2 ; New Jersey, 2 ; New York, 7 ; Ohio, 10 ; Pennsylvania, 8 ; Po- 
tomac, 2 ; Rhode Island, 2 ; South Carolina, 2 ; Tennessee, 2 ; Wis- 
consin, 2. 

7 



98 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

Illinois, ludiaua, Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri were reported 
not entitled to representation. 

After hearing explanations from the Representatives of these 
Departments, it was decided to admit to the privileges of the En- 
campment the following : Illinois, 8 ; Indiana, 3 ; Iowa, 1 ; Kan- 
sas, 1 ; Missouri, 1 ; making a total of 79 Representatives from 23 
Departments present, in addition to the National Officers and 
Council of Administration.* 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Resolutions — Thomas S. Allen, Wisconsin ; A. AY. Denison, 
Maryland ; H. G. Armstrong, Ohio ; H. K. Milward, Kentucky ; 
R. King Scott, South Carolina. 

On Finance — Thomas O. Osborn, Illinois ; "William Ward, New 
Jersey ; W. H. Baldwin, Ohio ; James Turnock, Indiana ; A. L. 
Pearson, Pennsylvania. 

CO-OPERATIVE LIFE INSURANCE. 

Comrade E. F. M. Faehtz, Potomac, presented a scheme of 
Co-operative Life Insurance, which was referred to a special com- 
mittee consisting of Comrades Faehtz, G. F. Potter, New York ; 
O. C. Boshyshell, Pennsylvania ; Jas. Shaw, Jr., Rhode Island ; 
Jas. W. Denny, Massachusetts. 

This committee had charge of the subject for two or three 
years, when it w^as finally permitted to drop. 

THE RULES AND REGULATIONS. 

The important work before the Encampment was the consid- 
eration of a Revised Ritual, and an entire change in the Riiles and 
Regulations as reported by the special committee of which Com- 
rade Jas. Shaw, Jr., was Chairman. 

The form of the Rules and Regulations was changed into 
Chapters and Articles as at present. 

THE GRADE SYSTEM. 

Article Y, Chapter 11, provided for a system of Degrees in 
three Gnules of raeml)ership : first, the Grade of Recruit ; second, 
the Grade of Soldier ; third, the Grade of Veteran. 



* The names of meml)er3 of Ihc Council of Adniiuistralion present are not ^.^iven 
in the minutes. 



Administration op John A. Logan. 



90 




General James Shaw, Jr. 



Eecruits could be advanced to the grade of Soldier only after 
two months of service, upon application and a recommendation in 
writing by two members of the second grade. An election re- 
quired a two-thirds vote at a subsequent meeting. Advancement 
to the third or Veteran grade 
required the same form as for 
the second, excepting that the 
applicant must have been a 
member of the second grade 
at least six months. A ritual, 
signs, grips, and passwords 
were provided for each grade. 

Post meetings were to be 
held as of the second grade, 
and recruits in the first grade 
could be present at such meet- 
ings, except during business 
pertaining to the proposal or 
advancement of recruits to the 
second grade. Eecruits were 
not eligible to office, or privi- 
leged to act, speak or vote. 

Soldiers of the second grade were entitled to transact all the 
business of the Post, except that pertaining to advancement to 
the third grade. 

Veterans of the third grade only were eligible to National or 
Department Offices, or to membership in the National or Depart- 
ment Encampments, or to offices filled by apiDointment of the 
Commander-in-Chief or Department Commanders, and to the 
offices of Post Commander, Vice-Commanders, Adjutant, Quarter- 
master, Surgeon, Chaplai?!, Officer of the Day, or Officer of the 
Guard. 

The resolutions putting into operation this system of Grades, 
briefly stated, were, first : declaring eligible to the third grade all 
present and past officers and members of the National Encamp- 
ment, and of the several Department Encampments, and all pre- 
sent and past officers of Posts, and all who had been members of 
the Grand Army of the Republic for eight months, provided that 
their dues were fully paid and that they took the several obliga- 
tions of these grades prior to September 1. All other members 
in good standing were to constitute the Second grade, provided 



or- 



100 Grand Army of the Republic. 

tliey should he free from dues and take the obligations of the first 
and second grades prior to September 1. 

This practically legislated out of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public all who should refuse or neglect to take the new obliga- 
tions. In considering the disajjpointing results of this new de- 
parture, it must be remembered that the Order was then in a 
condition of great depression, and that some change seemed abso- 
lutely necessary to maintain the membership and stimulate re- 
cruiting. Other societies had different systems of Degrees, and 
it was believed that the introduction of some such system was 
essential to the Grand Army. 

The chief labor now fell on officers of Posts and Departments 
in inducing members to take the new obligations and thus estab- 
lish their membership. This met with earnest and decided oppo- 
sition. Members claimed that they were already in full member- 
ship in the Grand Army, and could not be so legislated out. 
Many Post Commanders refused to make any effort to have their 
Posts accept the system, preferring to allow them to disband. 

The time fixed for dropping those who so refused was extended 
from time to time, with little difference in the result, for hundreds 
of Posts and thousands of members disappeared from the rolls of 
the Grand Army. Of those who remained there was a large 
number who deemed the radical changes a grave error of judg- 
ment. The expense alone was a serious item, for all the books 
had to be changed, and it required considerable clerical ability to 
make out reports. 

Having been mustered into the United States service upon a 
simple obligation, members now strongly objected to such com- 
plicated manceuvers as were required in passing from one grade 
to another in the Grand Army, and recruits, full of enthusiasm 
when they joined, were disgusted at having to wait two months 
V)efore having a vote. After two years of trial the system was 
entirely abolished. 

Previous to the adoption of the grades it had been claimed 
that 240,000 members were enrolled. Less than 20,000 remained 
when the system was abolished. This apparently heavy loss, 
however, cannot be charged to this act. 

The claim which had been made for such a large membership 
ill LS(J()-'G7, was not sustained by any reports sent to headquarters, 
and Adjutant-General Chipman was careful not to hazard even an 
estimate of the raem})ership, because, after mouths of effort on 



Administration of John A. Logan. 101 

his part, Departments claiming an aggregate of over 1,300 Posts 
had made no returns. Under the new system each Post had to be 
accounted for, and payment of dues made on members actually 
reported. This secured substantially correct reports. Under 
the old system estimates or claims of membership cost Dej)art- 
ments nothing. 

The Committee on Resolutions reported the following ; 

Whereas, the organization known as the Grand Army of the Republic is founded 
upon the glorious and world-wide embracing principles of fraternity, charity, and 
loyalty to our flag and country ; and 

Whereas, its success in the past is the best guarantee of its future prosperity; and 

Whereas, the welfare of our living comrades, and that of the orphans and widows 
of the honored dead, and the maintenance of oiu* sacred principles, demand renewed 
efforts in its behalf; therefore, by the National Encampment, through the represen- 
tatives here assembled, be it 

Resolved, That the destiny of the Grand Army of the Republic is not fulfilled, 
until it shall embrace within its protective folds every one of the million of honor- 
ably discharged soldiers of the several arms of the service during the late war of 
the rebellion; until the families of those requiring assistance are beyond the reach of 
want, and their children properly educated and cared for by the country ; and until 
the last faithful veteran soldier has surrendered without dishonor to the Great Con- 
queror of all mankind, and has been released from his bonds, and mustered into a 
grander army above. 

Resolved, That it is through this organization alone that the bonds of fraternal 
feeling can be successfully sustained and strengthened, and the electric currents of 
sympathy and brotherly affection, boru of common toil and danger, be evolved and 
hastened in their courses through the thousand hearts scattered over the wide expanse 
of our ever growing empire. 

Resolved, That that charity which speaks through kind actions and benevolent 
deeds and sacrificing efforts for those associated with us shall ever be one of our car- 
dinal principles, and carefully exemplified in our practice. 

Resolved, That we shall cling to the principles and practices of loyalty to flag and 
country, with the same pertinacity and energy with which we sustained it in the field; 
and that no foe, foreign or domestic, shall ever find us backward iu rushing to the 
rescue of the Government we have saved, by whatever danger it may be assailed ; 
that our hearts still beat time to the " music of the Union," and will ever be found 
vibrating in harmony with the pulsations of the national life. 

Resolved, That whatsoever suspicion of political nature may have heretofore at- 
tached to the Grand Army of the Republic as to its being a political organization, 
that we hereby declare it above and independent of all partisan feeling and action, 
and actuated only by a determination to sustain to the fullest extent the principles 
so clearly defined in the rules and regulations adopted by the National Encampment, 
and embracing only the patriotic duties enjoined by charity, fraternity and loyalty 
to flag and country, including a just condemnation of that fell spirit of rebellion, 
which would have destroyed not only the country, but rooted liberty itself out of 
the land. 

Resolved, That in the name of our comrades scattered throughout this broad land, 
we desire to express our gratitude to the citizens and legislators of those States 
which have established homes and schools for the maintenance and education of the 



102 CrEAND AllMY OF THE IIePUBLIC. 

orphans of our decease 1 brethren, and that we invoke the blessings of Heaven upon 
them. And that we earnestly urge upon the citizens and legislators of those Stiites 
where no such jirovision has been made, to take immediate steps to fulfill the obliga- 
tions imposed upon them by the casualties of the late war, and to redeem their 
pledges made to the brave volunteers, to care for their families during their absence, 
and in case of their death, by establishing homes for both orphans and widows, so 
far.as their necessities may demand. 

Ih'xoUrd, That the pledges and recommendations made by conventions and legis- 
lative bodies to give preference to soldiers (otlier things being equal) for appointment 
to civil avocations and Government positions, whereby our disabled comrades might 
serve both the country and themselves at the same time, and be enabled to earn an 
honest a id honorable livelihood, are daily impressed upon our minds by the fact that 
their claims for labor and position are, in many portions of our country, almost en- 
tirel}' ignored, and that, in the name of our crippled comrades, we re-;pectfully ask 
the honorable redemption of those pledges. 

Resolved, That the thanks of this Encampment are hereby tendered to the Com- 
mander in-Chief , and the Adjutant-General and his assistants, for their self-sacrific- 
ing and efficient labors during the past year, in the organization and building up of 
our Order. 

Jiesolred, That the soldiers, citizens, and authorities of the beautiful city of Cin- 
cinnati are hereby requested to receive our hearty thanks for the facilities furnished 
us, and the interest manifested in our behalf, and that their kindness and good-fel- 
lowship will hereafter be cherished among our fondest recollections. 

liefiolci'd. That the thanks of this convention be returned to the Commander of 
the Department, to the Posts of Cincinnati, Cincinnati authorities, railroads, and 
citizens of the city, for the cordial reception extended to the members of the National 
Encampment. 

The resolutions Avere uuanimously adopted. 



ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The election of officers resulted as follows : 

Co)itiiinmler-in- Chief, John A. Logan (re-elected). 

Senior Vice- Commander-in-Chief, Lucius Fairchild, Wisconsin. 

Junior Vice- Commander-in-Chief, Joseph R. Hawley, Connec- 

ticiit. 

Surgeon- Genend, S. B. Wylie Mitchell, Pennsylvania. 

Ch'ipJain-in-Chief Rev. A. H. QuiNT, D. D., Massachusetts. 

Council of Administrafion^Ciil, J. F. Miller; Del., Frank No- 
len ; 111., R. M. Hough ; Tnd., W. AV. Dudley ; Iowa, Joseph B. 
Lci.iko ; Ken., AVm. Boden ; Md., Andrew W. Denison ; Mass., J. 
Waldo Denny ; Mich., Oliver L. Si)alding ; Minn., Frank E. Dag- 
gett ; Mo., G. Harry Stone ; N. H., S. T. Carter ; N. J., James F. 
Rusling ; N. Y., R. A. Bachia ; Me., George L. Beale ; Oliio, Harry 
G. Armstrong; Penn., O. C. Bosl>yshell ; Potomac, Samuel A. 
Duncan ; R. I., James Shaw, Jr. ; S. C, R. King Scott ; Tenn., G. 



Administration of John A. Logan. 103 

G. Minor ; Texas, E. J. Davis ; Vt., George J. Staunard ; AV. Ya., 
Charles J. Wickersliam ; Wis., George P. Goodwin. 

Under the new Rules the Adjutant-General, Quartermaster- 
General, Inspector-General, and Judge-Advocate-General, the lat- 
ter a new office, were to be appointed by the Commander-in- 
Chief. 



SPECIAL MEETING OF THE NATION^M. ENCAMPMENT. 
NEW YOFiK, OCTOBER 27, 1869. 

A special meeting of the National Encampment was held in 
NeAv York city, Wednesday, October 27, 1869, in the Lodge room 
over Booth's Theatre. 

The business requiring this special session, as stated in the 
call, was to consider : 

1. The extension of time for muster-in grades beyond the lirst day of September 
to old comrades. 

3. To adopt or reject the report of the committee appointed to look into the 
practicability of connecting a life insurance plan with the Grand Army of the Re- 
public . 

3. To adopt a badge, commission and certificate of membership for the organiza- 
tion. 

4. To consider several other subjects of importance which will be brought before 
the Encampment. 

The Encampment, after full consideration, adopted resolutions 
substantially as follows : 

1. That all members of the Order then in good standing should 
be entitled to the third grade. 

2. The adoption of a new membership badge. (See the chapter 
on Badges.) 

3. The reference to a committee, consisting of the Commander- 
in-Chief and Senior and Junior Yice-Commanders-in-Chief, of the 
project of co-operative life insurance, with power to procure a 
charter from Congress should they deem it advisable. 

A communication was presented by Comrade James Shaw, Jr., 
of Rhode Island, which was heartily endorsed by the Encampment, 
suggesting that comrades should be detailed in each Post to pre- 
pare and read papers giving " personal reminiscences of the war," 
to contain such facts as came under the personal observation of 
the writer ; that a report be made of all such papers, giving the 



lOJ: Gkaxd Akmy of the Republic. 

subject, date, aud uanie of writer of each paper, so that a complete 
index could be made for reference at National Headquarters. 

This subject was referred to in General Orders No. 6, dated 
November 4, 1869, as follows : 

It is earuestly recommeuded that every Post of our orgauizatioti should at once 
adopt and euter into the plau submitted by comrade Shaw for collecting "personal 
remiuiscenses of the war." 

Truthfully it has been said, that we have, as the bequest of this vast war, materi- 
als for a literature richer, more copious and more varied than the annals of any 
nation ever furnished its sons and daughters. It will not be the least or the meanest 
influence of our fellowship if it helps to inspire the fellowship of letters to put in 
undyiug forms the memorial of eventful deeds in which we have borne a part. The 
fair record of the lives and deeds of our comrades in arms is one thing we have at 
heart— one of the dear and inspiring pm-poses of our organization ; and if other men 
prove themselves indifferent about the creation and preservation of such just and 
enduring memorials of the country's defenders, we who knew and shared the costly 
experience must see to it that the grave be not allowed to seal up from human eye 
and thought such patriotic consistency and heroic deeds. 



The Encampment received from Mr. Norman Wiard a line 
satirical jDainting in oil, by W. H. Davis, of Port Jefiferson, Long 
Island, entitled " Done gone Secesh." It was suggested that it 
should be copied and sold to raise funds for relief purposes. 

In presenting this picture to General Logan, for the Grand 
Army of the Eepublic, Mr. Wiard said : 

Soon after I received it from the artist, W. H. Davis, of Port Jefferson, L. I., I 
brought it to Washington to exhibit it to Mr. Lincoln, thinking its grim humor 
might enliven his careworn spirit if it was presented at the appropriate time, and I 
had the satisfaction to notice that the great man took great interest in it. He saw 
speaking points in it not before discovered, and took new hope from it, saying it was 
prophetic. In 1864 the war had not ended, and the President seemed so much to 
enjoy it. that I soon took occasion, in the presence of a mutual friend, to ask him to 
accept it as a present for the decoration of his private otlice, after he had ceased to 
be President. He said " No ;" and added, " let me keep it here a while— it seems like 
a friend; and after the war is over, and secession is buried indeed, give it to some 
soldier who, in your opinion, has done most to put down the rebellion." 

At the first ending of the war I saw no dilliculty whatever in deciding which 
particular soldier should have the picture. I only waited for a favorable opportunity 
to present it. I "hesitated and was lost;" and from that time to the present I have 
become more and more undecided as to the soldier, until it has lately occurred to me 
to present it to the Grand Army of the Republic as a body, as the appropriate and 
proper thing to do. Their soldierly qualities are undoubted; their patriotism, skill, 
and bravery overcame and buried secession. 

I desire you, sir, to accept "I)one(ione" on behalf of the organization which 
you command, and should be gratiiied to learn that it is to be preserved at "Head- 
quarters " as long as the organization continues. 



xiDMINISTRATION OF JOHN A. LOGAN. 105 

I further desire to suggest that the picture might be duplicated by photography 
or chromo-lithography, and copies presented by subscription from outside friends to 
each Post under your command. If properly managed, this plan might be made the 
means of raising a fund for the benefit of the widows and orphans of those soldiers 
who do not belong to your command, but who would have been in your ranks if 
they had lived If I could promote such an enterprise by any personal exertion, I 
shall be most happy to do so. 

The thanks of the Encampment were cordially tendered to Mr. 
Wiard, and a committee, consisting of Comrades N. P. Chipman, 
S. A. Duncan, and Chris. C. Cox, was appointed to consider 
whether some plan could be devised to use the painting in aid of 
the charity fund of the Order. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF JOHN A. LOGAN 
(SECOND TERM) -FOURTH ANNUAL SESSION, WASHINGTON, 
MAY 11, 1870. 

General Chipman, by pressure of professional business, felt it 
necessary that lie should resign his position as Adjutant-Gen- 
eral. 

He had so thoroughly devoted himself to bringing order out 
of confusion, and so well succeeded in placing the work of Na- 
tional Headquarters on a thorough business basis that his retire- 
ment at this time was a matter of general regret. He, however, 
consented to serve as Judge-Advocate-General, and the decisions 
rendered during his term evince that same careful attention to 
details which made his administration of the Adjutant-General's 
office so valuable to the Grand Army of the Republic. 

He was succeeded by W. T. Collins, of Minnesota, who had 
efficiently served the previous term as Assistant Adjutant-Gen- 
eral. 

Adjutant-General Collins had been in service during the war 
as Sergeant 2d United States Sharpshooters. He was badly 
wounded at Rappahannock Station, Virginia, August 22, 1862, 
resulting in the loss of a leg above the knee. He became a mem- 
ber of John A. Rawlins Post No. 1, Washington, D. C, October 
12, 1866, and was afterwards a charter member of Farragut Post 
No. 4. 

Colonel F. A. Starring was appointed Inspector-General, Colo- 
nel Timothy Lubey Quartermaster-General, and Colonel R. J. 
Hinton Assistant Inspector-General. 

General Lucius Fairchild had been elected Senior Vice-Com- 
mander-in-Chief (biography Chapter XXV), and General Jos. R. 
Hawley re-elected Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief. 

Colonel Samuel B. Wylie Mitchell, Surgeon-General, was born 
in Philadelphia, August 16, 1828. Entered the service as Surgeon 
[106J 



Administhation of John A. Logan. 



107 




Dr. S. B. W. Mitchell. 



18tli Pennsylvania Volun- 
teers, April 24, 1861, three 
months service ; Surgeon 8th 
Pennsylvania Cavalry, August 
17, 1861, to January 24, 1865. 
Brevettecl Lieutenant-Colonel 
U. S. v., March 13, 1865, "for 
gallant conduct and meritori- 
ous services." Was one of the 
founders of the " Military Or- 
der of the Loyal Legion," and 
Secretary and Eecorder until 
his death, August 16, 1879. 
Charter member and first 
Commander of the present 
Post 2, Philadelphia, and, act- 
ing as senior officer, char- 
tered the present Posts 5, 6, 7, 8, Philadelphia. (See Department 
of Pennsylvania.) Member of Department Council of Adminis- 
tration, 1867 ; Medical Director of the Department, 1868 and 1869. 

Colonel Timothy Lubey, 
Quartermaster - General, en- 
listed in May, 1861, as Sec- 
ond Lieutenant, Company B, 
15th New York Engineers, 
was promoted First Lieuten- 
ant November, 1861, Captain 
in April, 1863, and was mus- 
tered-out as Major, July 2, 
1865. He was brevetted Col- 
onel for gallant and meritori- 
ous services, by the Governor 
of the State of New York. 

He joined the G. A. E. 
October 19, 1866, as a charter 
member of Post No. 1, De- 
partment of the Potomac, 
and left it to become a charter member of Post No. 3, in which 
he served three terms as Commander. On the surrender of the 
charter of Post No. 3, he was transferred to Post No. 2, in which 




Colonel T. Lubey. 



108 



Grand Army of the Republic. 



he served two terms as Commander. Was Assistant Adjutant- 
General on the Staff of L. Edwin Dudley, Commander Provisional 
Department of the Potomac ; Member of Council of Administra- 
tion during the term of N. P. Chipman ; again Assistant Adju- 
tant-General under Commander Samuel A. Duncan ; succeeding 
him as Department Commander, which position he held three 
terms. He was appointed Quartermaster-General for the ensuing 
term. He died in AVashington, December 12, 1877. 

F. A. Starring, Inspector- 
General, Major 46th Illinois 
Infantry, September 10, 1861. 
Transferred, January 30, 1862, 
as Major 2d Illinois Light 
Artillery. Commissioned 
Colonel 72d Illinois Infantry 
(Chicago Board of Trade 
Regiment), August 21, 1862. 
Brevetted Brigadier-General 
February 22, 1866. This reg- 
iment was in active service 
from September, 1862, until 
their muster-out in August, 
1865, principally with the 
Army of the Tennessee. Af- 
ter the pursuit of Hood's 
Army from Nashville, they were ordered to New Orleans, and 
thence to Mobile with the 16th Army Corps. Colonel Starring, 
as Inspector-General, designed the Grand Army membership 
badge. 

Circular No. One, dated Washington, D. C, March 1st, 1870, 
announced the appointment of Assistant Inspectors-General and 
Department Inspectors-General, and gave instructions for a thor- 
ough insjDection of Posts as to their general management, busi- 
ness, records, work of the Order, etc. Inspectors were to report 
such suggestions and recommendations as were deemed for the 
best interests, preservation and organization of the Grand Army 
of tlie Republic. 




Colonel F. A. Starring. 



Administration of John A. Logan. 109 

FOURTH ANNUAL SESSION. 

The National Encampment assembled in Washington, D. C, 
May 11, 1870, Commander-in-Chief John A. Logan, presiding. 

Officers present : Commander-in-Chief John A. Logan ; Senior 
Vice-Commander-in-Chief L. Fairchild ; Chaplain-in-Chief A. 
H. Quint ; Adjutant-General W. T. Collins ; Inspector-General 

F. A. Starring ; Quartermaster-General T. Lubey ; Judge- Advo- 
cate-General N. P. Chipman ; Assistant Adjutant-General Hanson 
E. Weaver. 

Council of Administration — J. F. Miller, California ; Frank No- 
len, Delaware ; R. M. Hough, Hlinois ; A. W. Denison, Maryland ; 

G. Harry Stone, Missouri ; S. T. Carter, New Hampshire ; Jas. F. 
Rusling, New Jersey ; Geo. L. Beal, Maine ; O. C. Bosbyshell, 
Pennsylvania; S. A. Duncan, Potomac; Jas. Shaw, Jr., Rhode 
Island ; Geo. J. Stannard, Vermont ; E. W. Whitaker, Connec- 
ticut. 

Committee on Credentials — The Adjutant-General ; J. L. Bates, 
Massachusetts ; AV. J. Winter, Ohio ; H. A. Barnum, New York ; 
W. F. Morse, Minnesota. 



DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Arkansas, 1 ; California, 1 ; Connecticut, 3 ; Delaware, 1 ; Illi- 
nois, 3 ; Kentucky, 1 ; Maine, 4 ; Maryland, 4 ; Massachusetts, 1 ; 
Michigan, 1 ; Minnesota, 1 ; New Hampshire, 1 ; New Jersey, 3 ; 
New Mexico, 1 ; New York, 9 ; Ohio, 4 ; Pennsylvania, 8 ; Poto- 
mac, 4 ; Texas, 1. Total, 19 Departments, 52 RejDresentatives. 

Not represented : Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Mis- 
souri, Montana, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, 
Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin. 

Delinquent for reports : Alabama, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Ne- 
braska, Tennessee, West Virginia. The representatives present 
from Indiana (1) and Iowa (1) Avere extended the privileges of the 
Encampment. 

Commander-in-Chief Logan in his address said : 

We meet to-day, not as relics of a disastrous war, marred and scarred by the en- 
ginery of battle, to beg for alms ; not as burdens upon the hands of public charity, 
but as the survivors of a glorious and successful struggle on behalf of liberty and 
independence for all men. We meet in the strength and integrity of our manhood, 
to take counsel together in aid of measures to promote brotherly love, universal be- 



110 Grand Army of the Republic. 

nevolence, stability, aud order; we meet to renew our vows of fealty to each other 
and maukind; we meet as the representatives of the loyal American soldiery, whose 
organic law is unblemished by any invidious distinctions. We realize that to no 
particular race or sect belongs the glory of our victories, but that in the Union Army 
were found comrades of every clime aud creed, who came as in the days of '76, to 
offer themselves to do and die, if need be, that liberty might live and bless their 
posterity with an equal share in her blessings. No self-constituted victor can say, 
"Behold me, the conqueror," but each can claim the honor of answering to his 
country's roll call when danger Avas nigh ; nnd in this they have performed the hero's 
deeds aud deserve the hero's reward. 

The objects of our organization seem not to be fully \mder.stood by a portion of 
our fellow citizens. You will, therefore, excuse me if I give a brief sketch of the 
purposes of the Grand Army for the information of those who may be prejudiced 
against us as a secret order : 

The Grand Army of the Republic is not a political organization destined 
to serve the ends of any political party, as is evident in this, that all political parties 
are represented in its membership. As men and patriots, many of us mingle in na- 
tional and local affairs, but in doing so, do not take with us any benefits or provisions 
of our Order ; our only political creed being the love of our country and its hallowed 
institutions. 

"We have but three objects obligator}' upon us as members of this Order, namely : 
To promote the love and i)ractice of fraternity, liberal distributions of charity, and 
unequivocal loj-alty. The founders of the Order were actuated by the. fact that 
when the war ended we had on this continent a million aud a half of lighting men, 
a greater part of whom were our own comrades, good and true, who were in no haste 
to lose .«ight of every trace of the associations of a soldier's life, and let "old ac- 
quaintance be forgot." They were flushed with such victories as no soldiers ever 
were before ; hence they needed some resort where they might meet together in social 
reunion and interchange experiences and opinions, and thereby keep alive the vivid 
scenes of war, interspersed with incidents full of interest to them, and needed some- 
thing to check the impulsive, whose very spirit aud lire made them such good sol- 
diers. Hence it was conceived that good might spring from these reunions, and that, 
with certain rules and regulations, they might promote pleasure and security to the 
independent, aud material aid to the dependent, and organize the survivors of the war 
into an Order that would be perpetual in its existence, and so successful in its good 
work as to shed additional luster upon its members. 

He recommended tliat the observance of Memorial Day be 
formally ciijoined by tlie Rules and Regulations. 

"Ours was the first and only organization to institute an animal commomoraticm 
to the departed heroes of the war; and to us, by common consent, appears to be com- 
mitted the mournful and pleasing duty of jierpctuating it." 



He recommended that the Membership Badge, as adopted at 
the K})Ocial meeting in NeAV York, be now finally established as 
the Radge of the Order l)y amendment to the Rules and Regula- 
tions. 



1 



Administkation of John A. Logan. Ill 

In closing lie said : 

It should be the aim of the Grand Army to bring within its fold every honorably- 
discharged soldier and sailor, and by the constant exercise of the virtues we profess 
exert an influence second only to the church of Christ. Exalting the hopes and as- 
pirations of our own members, we thereby help to give a proper tone to public senti- 
ment, and crush out all opposition to civilization, loyalty, and Christianity, as well as 
hold our organization above the criticism of the most fastidious, who, beholding our 
"good works," will rise up "and call us blessed." We sliall need no appeal to call 
forth the support of all good citizens, who will gladly sustain our lectures and other 
means of siipport to our family of sufferers, in whose interest we have solicited 
public patronage, with liberal responses already. 

The tree of liberty, watered and trained by the influences of the Grand Army, will 
send forth no disloyal shoots to dishonor our flag; but every branch, as it takes up its 
burden of life, will have that vital principle of loyalty so engrafted that treason can 
never destroy it. And when the encampments that know us now "shall know us no 
more forever" the feeling of fraternal regard we have nourished will shed its silent 
tear over our graves; the charity we have promoted will throw its mantle over our 
shortcomings, and the spirit cf loyalty we have cultivated will still rally round the 
flag we loved, to perpetuate our memories. 

The thanks of the Encampment were tendered General Logan 
for his eloquent and instructive address, and he was requested to 
furnish a copy for publication. 



EEPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General W. T. Collins reviewed the work of the year 
required in establishing the system of grades. The delay in 
making the necessary changes rendered it impossible to furnish 
anything like a correct report of the membership of the organi- 
zation, as only three Departments, Massachusetts, New Mexico, 
and Potomac, had given the exact membership borne on the rolls 
of the Posts. 

He referred to the financial difficulties met by Headquarters 
through the heavy expenses incurred in the radical changes in the 
Kules, Eitual, and forms and books for all Reports. 

Inspector-General P. H. Starring, in his report, also referred 
to the work involved in the adoption of the Grade system, and 
stated that there was a general desire for some modification of the 
requirements of the Regulations and Ritual on that subject. 

His report also contained a description of the new Member- 
ship Badge, which is referred to in the chapter on Badges. 

Quartermaster-General Lubey reported : Receipts from all 
sources during the year, $7,890.66 ; expenditures, $6,997 ; leaving a 



112 Grand Army of the Republic. 

cash balance of §893.(36. $2,000 of the previous indebtedness had 
been paid, leaving the National Encampment in debt to Comrades 
Owen and Chipman about $2,500. In accordance with the instruc- 
tions from the National Encampment held in New York city, Oc- 
tober 27, 1809, a contract had been made for the manufacture of 
badges at $1.25 each. 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Resolutions — Comrades Ben: Perley Poore, Massachusetts ; 
Logan H. Roots, Arkansas ; R. M. Apgar, California ; H. H. Heath, 
New Mexico ; Joshua T. Owen, Pennsylvania. 

Rules, Regulations and Ritual — A. H. Quint, Massachusetts ; Jas. 
Shaw, Jr., Rhode Island; H. A. Barnum, New York; G. W. Collier, 
Ohio ; R. B. Beath, Pennsylvania ; AV. T. Clark, Texas ; Judge- 
Advocate-General N. P. Chipman. 

The Encampment took a recess for the j)^irpose of paying 
their respects to President Grant at the Executive mansion, 
after which they returned to the hall and partook of a bountiful 
collation prepared by the Comrades of the Department of the 
Potomac. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

Comrade Ben: Perley Poore (Massachusetts), Chairman of the 
Committee on Resolutions, presented the following, Avhich were 
unanimously adopted : 

The Grand Army of the Republic, in National Encampment assembled in the 
city of Washington, congi-atulates every comrade on the successful extension of 
the triple bond of Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty which now so fraternally unites 
those wlio rallied beneath the Stars and Stripes when tlie life of the nation was 
assailed, jind presents tlie following matters as entitled to the indorsement of the 
Order. 

1. Rcsoltcd, As soldiers of the Union Army for tlie suppression of the late rebel- 
lion, we recognize no character more exalted, as a soldier and patriot, than the late 
Major General George H. Thomas, and that it is with luifeigned sorrow that we, his 
recent comrades in arms, find ourselves called upon to mourn his demise, and that in 
liis imsullied character, his pre-eminent r.'Mlities as a commander, and his untarnished 
patriotism, he has, together with his great services against the enemies of his country 
and of the Union, left a rich legacy to the world, and a life worthy the emulation of 
mankind. 

2. lieHolred, That the nieinory of tho.sc who died that the nation iinght live should 
he k(!pt green in the hearts of the people of the United States ])y the .sacred observ- 
ance of the :3()th of May as a day dedicated to the decoration of their graves; and 
we trust tiiat the general Govcrninciit will iiol fail to exerci.se, under the Wii' power. 



Administration of John A. Logan. 113 

its sovereignty over such of those hallowed resting placrs of our departed comrades 
as are in that section of country whicli they bravely aided in conquering, and not aslv 
the permission of the conquered, that the soil thus consecrated may be the nation's 
forever. 

3. Resolved, That all Departments and Posts of the Grand Army, and all com- 
rades in their Individual capacities, use their utmost endeavors to promptly secure 
legislative action in their respective States, in aid of the establishment and maintenance 
of homes and schools for the support and education of the orphans of Union soldiers 
and marines, without distinction of birthplace or of race, who were killed or who 
died in consequence of wounds received, or disease contracted, while in the service of 
the United States. 

4. Resoh'cd, That while we recognize the equality of all soldiers who were mus- 
tered in, we respectfully suggest to the officers of the National Asylum for Disabled 
Soldiers, no liberally endowed by Congress, the propriety of promoting the comfort 
of the colored veterans entitled to a home, by establishing a branch asylum at the 
South for their occupation. 

5. Resolved, That we earnestly request Congress to consider the pi'opriety and 
justice of passing an act donating suitable tracts of the public lands to those soldiers, 
sailors, and marines who honorably served in the Army or Navy of the natii)n during 
the late war for the suppression of the rebellion, in ;.ccordance with the precedents 
established in former wars. 

6. Resolved, That the thanks of the Grand Army are due, and are hereby tendered, 
to the comrades of the Department of the Potomac for the accommodations provided 
for, and tlie hospitalities extended to the National Encampment at its present session, 
and that a copy of this resolution, duly signed by the national officers, be presented 
to that Department. 

RULES AND REGULATIONS. 

Comrade Quint, chairman, reported several amendments to the 
Rules and Regulations, the more important changes being the 
adoption of Article 14th, Chapter V, establishing Memorial Day ; 
and providing for the election of officers of Posts annually instead 
of semi-annually. The time for mustering old members in the 
new grades was extended for one year. Post Commanders were 
given discretion to abbreviate the ceremonies for advancement 
of members in the grades. The Commander-in-Chief was author- 
ized to remit reports and dues of Departments accruing prior to 
July 1st, 1869. 

Comrades Quint, Chaplain-in-Chief elect Collier, and Jas. 
Shaw, Jr., were appointed a committee to prepare Installation 
Services and a Burial Service. 

AUXILIARY ORGANIZATIONS. 

Past Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief J. T. Owen, Senior 
Yice-Commander-in-Chief Fairchild, and Junior Vice-Commander- 



11-4 Grand Army of the Republic. 

iu-Chief Wagner were appointed a committee to consider the 
subject of auxiliary organizations of the wives and daughters of 
comrades and the widows and orphans of deceased soldiers. 

Votes of thanks were passed to Adjutant-General Collins for 
his services, and to Inspector-General F. A. Starring for the very 
handsome badge of the Order he had designed. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, John A. Logan, re-elected. 

Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Lucius Fairchild, re-elected. 

Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, Louis AYagner, Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Surgeon-General, Samuel A. Green, Massachusetts. 

Chaplain-in-Chief, Geo. W. Collier, Ohio. 

Council of xldministration — Arkansas, Logan H. Roots ; Cali- 
for-nia, James Coey ; Colorado, F. J. Bancroft ; Connecticut, E. 
W. Whitaker ; Delaware, Frank Nolen ; Florida, C. M. Hamilton ; 
Georgia, W. Krzyzanowski ; Illinois, T. O. Osborn ; Kentucky, 
Wm. Bowden ; Maine, Geo. L. Beal ; Maryland, E. Y. Goldsbor- 
ougli ; Massachusetts, A. H. Quint ; Michigan, O. L. Spalding ; 
Minnesota, Henry A. Castle ; Missouri, G. Harry Stone ; Missis- 
sippi, J. Tarbell ; Montana, W. S. Scribner ; New Hampshire, D. 
J. Yaughn ; New Jersey, J. F. Rusliug ; New Mexico, H. H. 
Heath ; New York, A. P. Ketchum ; North Carolina, Allen Ruth- 
erford ; Ohio, Jas. A. Lantz ; Oregon, C. P. Crandall ; Pennsyl- 
vania, A. Wilson Norris ; Potomac, E. F. M. Faehtz ; Rhode Island, 
Jas, Shaw, Jr. ; South Carolina, C. J. Stolbrand ; Texas, AY. T. 
Clark ; Yermont, Geo. J. Stannard ; Virginia, P. A. Davis ; AYis- 
consin, Geo. B. Goodwin. 

Commander-in-Chief Logan Avas then installed, and said : 

I can express in no filling -words the deep sense of ;::ratitulc I fe;l at this mani- 
festation of your confidence in and friendship lor me. If would be allectation to 
v.ithiiold from you my sincere tlianks. The eomrade who would not appreeiate the 
oflice you have conferred upon me, so exalted in itself and an honor to its incumbent, 
would be unworthy to hold it. I can only promise 1o serve you faithfully, and see 
to it that no trust you have reposed in me shall be abused. Let Fraternity, Charity, 
and Loyalty be our watchwords, and we need not fear that we will deserve and attain 
success. 



CHAPTER IX. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF JOHN A. LOGAN (THIRD 
TERM)— FIFTH ANNUAL SESSION, BOSTON, MAY 10, 1871. 



All the members of the staff were re-appointed and so an- 
nounced in General Orders dated Washington, May 17, 1870, viz.: 

Adjutant-General, W. T. Collins ; Quartermaster-General, Tim- 
othy Lubey ; Judge-Advocate-General, N. P. Chipman ; Inspector- 
General, F. A. Starring ; Assistant Adjutant-General, Hanson E. 
Weaver, who was afterwards succeeded by C. C. Eoyce. 

In General Orders, issued subsequently, attention was called 
to a request of General M. C. Meigs, Quartermaster-General U. 
S. A., for a full record of all deceased Union soldiers and sailors 
interred in the civil cemeteries throughout the United States. 
Posts were urged to appoint committees to prepare such records. 

General Louis Wagner succeeded General Hawley as Junior 
Vice-Commander-in-Chief, by election at Washington. For Biog- 
raphy and Portrait see Chapter XIX. 



Dr. Samuel A. Green, 
Surgeon-General, was Assis- 
tant Surgeon 1st Massachu- 
setts Volunteers, May 25, 
1861. Promoted Surgeon 24th 
Massachusetts, September 2, 
1861, and served until Novem- 
ber 2, 1864. He was Acting 
Staff Surgeon in Richmond 
from April 9, 1865, until July 
9, 1865. Joined Post 15, Bos- 
ton, March 18, 1868 ; was 
Post Surgeon 1869 ; Medical 
Director Department of Mass- 
achusetts 1869 - 1870 ; re- 
elected Surgeon-General in 




Dr. S. a. Green. 

[115] 



11(5 



Grand Army of the Republic. 




^Vm^ 




1871 ami 1872 ; uow a member of Post No. 115, Grotou, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Rev. George "NY. Collier, 
Cbaplain-iu-Chief, was boru 
iu Le Roy, Ohio, August 29, 
1825, and entered the Ministr}^ 
of the Methodist Church in 
1850 ; was appointed Chaplain 
in 1861, and served four years, 
mainly with the Army of AYest 
Yirginia ; joined the Grand 
Army of the Republic in Tole- 
do, in 1867, and with the en- 
couragement of the Depart- 
ment of Ohio, G. A. R., under- 
took, and carried through with 
great success, the work of es- 
tablishing a State Home for 
Soldiers' Orphans at Xenia. 
President Hayes appointed him Chaplain, U. S. A., June 23, 1879, 
and he is now assigned to duty at Fort Totten, Dakota. 

FIFTH ANNUAL SESSION, 

The Fifth Annual Session of the National Encampment was 
held in John A. Andrew Post Hall, Boston, May 10, 1871, Com- 
mander-in-Chief John A. Logan presiding. 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

H. A. Barnum, New York ; A. B. Underwood, Massachusetts ; 
A. R. Calhoun, Pennsylvania ; W. AY. Henry, Yermont ; J. AYarren 
Keifer, Ohio. 



Rev. G. W. Collier. 



OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief John A. Logan. 
Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief Lucius Fairchild. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Louis Wagner. 
Adjutant-General W. T. Collins. 
Quartermaster-General T. Lubey. 



Administration of John A. Logan. 117 

Judge-Advocate-General N. P. Cliipman. 

Council of Administration — California, James Coey ; Connec- 
ticut, E. W. Whitaker; Maine, Geo. L. Beal ; Maryland, E. Y. 
Goldsborougli ; Massachusetts, A. H. Quint ; New Hampshire, 
D. J. Vaughn ; New York, A. P. Ketchum ; Pennsylvania, A. 
Wilson Norris ; Rhode Island, James Shaw, Jr. ; Vermont, Geo. J. 
Stannard. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Maine, 5 ; New Hampshire, 2 ; Vermont, 4 ; Massachusetts, 14 ; 
Rhode Island, 4 ; Connecticut, 3 ; New York, 9 ; New Jersey, 2 ; 
Pennsylvania, 7 ; Delaware, 1 ; Maryland, 3 ; Potomac, 4 ; Virginia, 
1 ; Ohio, 2 ; Kentucky, 1 ; Illinois, 2 ; California, 4. Total De- 
partments, 17 ; Representatives, 68. 

Commander-in-Chief Logan, in his address, said : 

Another circuit of the seasons brings again the time of tlie annual meeting of the 
Representatives of the Grand Army of the Republic. And while earth, seemingly 
thankful that the bright rays of the vernal sun have warmed her from her wintry 
sleep, gives forth from her bosom the green blades and gaudy flowers in grateful re- 
sponse, so we should also feel deeply impressed with a spirit of gratitude to the Great 
Creator and Ruler of the Universe, for the preservation of the lives of so many of the 
members of our Order, and the prosperity of our organization. We, when looking 
over the past twelve months, and beholding the harmony which has prevailed through- 
out the Order, and the prosperity wliich has attended it, should give forth in grateful 
response to the Guardian Hand, which has protected and preserved us, the warmest 
thanks of our hearts, and should feel, if possible, still more disposed to exhibit, by 
practice to their fullest extent, the characteristic virtues of our creed— Fraternity, 
Charity And. Loyalty ; Fraternity to our comrades. Charity to our fellow men, and 
Loyalty to our country. 

We have assembled here to-day, not as an organization for the purpose of promot- 
ing and fostering selfish ends and personal aims, but as the survivors of a mighty, 
but glorious and successful contest in behalf of liberty and union — not as a baud 
combined for the purpose of planning and plotting for the benefit of a few, or a 
restricted class, but in behalf of personal freedom, true independence and national 
honor. 

We meet in the strength and consciousness of our manhood, with a full knowl- 
edge of our freedom and liberty, but with hearts true and loyal to our country and 
its laws. 

We meet to renew our vows to the great principles of our Order — vows of friend- 
ship and fealty to each other, which shall continue to link us together in fraternal 
bonds ; vows of that universal charity, which embraces in its grasp mankind wherever 
found; vows of devotion and constancy to that Government which we have fought 
to maintain, and which we believe to be the best that man in his wisdom has devised, 
where the great principles for which we contend can be best developed and carried 
out. We meet, also, as the representatives of the great host of loyal American 



118 Grand Army of the Republic. 

soldiers, who stood as the bulwark of safety to the uation, when its life was in 
jeoi);i''(ly. 

In the hour of |K'ril we asked not for race or sect, but for soldiers, willing to do 
battle bravely and fearlessly in defense of our Union. Today we meet, not as the 
representatives of a race or sect, but of those soldiers who came in answer to their 
country's call. 

He briefly referred to efforts that had beeu made to bring the 
Order into disrepute by charging it with political bias, and said 
that the best proof that the Grand Army of the Republic was not 
a political organization was shown in the fact that all political 
parties are represented in its membership. 

As citizens we take part freely in national affairs, each following out his own indi- 
vidual preference and political inclination, untramraeled by any requirements of the 
Order. The predominance of any political party or bias among the members of any 
particular locality is, so far as the Order is concerned purely accidental. So far as 
devotion to our national unity, and to the great principles of universal freedom and 
benevolence, makes lis political, thus far we are political, and no farther. 

The succL'S-f 111 close of the war sent back into civil life more than a million of 
soldiers, many of whom for years had dwelt in the tented field with armor on, and 
who, as comrades in the privations and hardships of the soldier's life, could not easilj' 
forget its associations. The natural yearning of the soldier's heart, for an occasional 
re-union with his comrades, suggested the idea of the Order to its founders. It was, 
therefore, the natural outgrowth of the times and circumstances, and not wholly an 
original idea conceived in any one mind. With a desire to keep alive these associa- 
tions, and by interchange of experience and opinions, to keep fresh before the mind 
the vivid scenes of the war, and incidents of the soldier's life in camp, was the or- 
ganization of the Grand Army of the; Republic conceived, and carried into eflfect. 

In urging the members to renewed exertions on behalf of the 
Grand Army of the Repul)lic he said : 

We must remember that great ends are accomplished, not by spasmodic and fitful 
exertions, but by steady, systematic and persevering movements. This w^as the 
spirit that nerved us during the fiery ordeal of the late war, and crowned our arms 
with victory. 

Let u.s, then, strictly conform to our Rules and Regulations, and, systematic as an 
a.-my when marching to the field of battle, let us, like good and faithful soldiers, 
I'.reas forward in the great work of promoting and extending the cardinal virtues of 
our creed -Fraternity, Charity, and Loyalty; and the tree of liberty, fostered by 
the genial influence of the Grand Army of the Republic, will send forth its inspira 
tion to the utmost extremity of our beloved country, until every heart shall again be 
warmed by the vilal principles of loyalty, and every remnant of treason be driven 
from our land. 

Such is our mission, and such our bright anticipations, and if true to our faith and 
active in our elTorls, when wc have met together for the last lime, and have sounded 
our last reveille, other tongues and oilier voices will bless the name and work of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. 



I 



Administration of John A. Logan. 119 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General Collins briefly presented the facts connected 
with work under the Grade system, and recommended that the 
Grades be now abolished. 

He reported briefly as to the condition of each Department, 
but, as for the previous year, he could not give even an approxi- 
mate estimate of the membership. 

Quartermaster-General T. Lubey reported, receipts, including 
previous balance, $6,449.91 ; expenditures, §6,377.17 ; cash balance, 
$72.74. 

The exj^enditures included a payment of $1,413.34 of the in- 
debtedness to comrades for advances, leaving now but a small 
balance due Comrade J. T. Owen. 

He reported that the price for the manufacture of badges had 
been reduced to 95 cents. 



COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

Rules, Regulation, and Ritual — C. B. Fox, Massachusetts; 
James Shaw, Jr., Rhode Island ; John C. Robinson, New York ; 
R. B. Beatli, Pennsylvania ; James O'Brien, California ; George 
L. Beal, Maine ; William Ward, New Jersey. 

Resolutions — Henry S. Briggs, Massachusetts ; Geo. J. Stan- 
nard, Vermont ; James T. Smith, Potomac ; H. J. Reeder, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Comrade Cogswell presented, from the Department of Massa- 
chusetts, a substitute for the Grade Ritual. 



INVITATIONS. 

General H. W. Benham, United States Engineers, invited the 
members to visit the fortifications in the harbor, placing the En- 
gineer Steamer " Tourist " at their disposal for this purpose. The 
invitation was accepted, and the thanks of the Encampment voted 
to General Benham for his courtesy. 

Comrade Cogswell, Commander of the Department of Massa- 
chusetts, presented, in the name of that Department, an invitation 
to a banquet in Faneuil Hall, which was accepted with hearty 
thanks. 



120 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Duriug the session tlie following telegram was received : 

Universal Peace Convention, in Session in Cooper Institute. New York, May lOlh. 
1871 : to National Encampment, Grand Army of the Republic : 

We congratulate you on a peaceful Eacinipment. As Veterans can you not 
add your protest against war, that there may never more be another war Encamp- 
ment. 

To this, upon the suggestion of Comrade Wagner, the follow- 
ing reply was telegraphed : 

Your congratulations reciprocated. The Grand Army of the Rei^ublic is deter- 
mined to have peace, even if it has to fight for it. 



RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

The report of the Committee on Rules, Regulations, and Ritual 
was presented by Comrade Fox, chairman. 

Tliej recommended that the Rules and Regulations be amended 
by striking out all reference to Grades, and the amendment was 
adopted. Comrade Fox then presented a revised Ritaal to replace 
the Grade ritual, which was adopted. Sundry other amendments 
to the Rules were presented and acted uj)on. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

The Committee on Resolutions, Comrade H. S. Briggs, chair- 
man, reported the following, which were duly adopted : 

The Grand Army of the Kejniblic, assembled in National Encampment, at Boston, 
congratulates all comrades upon tlie rapidlj^ increasing power and strength of the 
Order, and commends lo them the action taken at this Session, as being calculated to 
promote the cardinal principles of tliis Association. 

1st. liesohed, That the Grand Army of tlie Kcpulilic is in no sense whatever a 
political or partizan organization ; and any comrade wiio endeavors to use the Order 
as a political engine, for tlie pur])ose of gratifying any .selfish i)olilical ambition, is 
recreant to his duty to iiis comrades. 

2d. RcKohed. That it is the duty of each and every comrade of the Grand Army of 
the Republic to urge and do all in his power to promote such legislation, both from 
tlie several State and National Legislative bodies, as will .secure ample provision for 
the supi)ort and education of the children of tlio.se soldiers, .sailors and marines, wlio 
were killed or died of disease contracted while in the service of the United States, 
l)atlling for tlie integrity of the Union ; and to ])rocure such legislation as .shall be 
n(fce.ssary for the care, protection and preservation of the graves of our dead com 
rades, in th'.' di.Ter; nt National Cemeteries. 



Administration of John A. Logan. 121 

8d. Resolved, That the thanks of the soldiers represented in this Organization are 
due to the Representatives of the people, in the National House of Rej)resentatives, 
for their action in relation to the Equalization of Bounties, and the Amendment of 
the Homestead Laws; and that this Encampment earnestly urges upon Congress the 
enactment of the provision repeatedly passed with so much unanimity by the popular 
branch of the National Encampment. 

4tli. Resolved, That the thanks of the Grand Army of the Republic are due and 
are hereby tendered to the comrades of the Department of Massachusetts, for the 
hospitalities extended to the National Encampment, at its present session, and that a 
copy of this resolution, duly certified by the National Officers, be presented to that 
Department. 

The committee also considered the preamble and resolutions 
relative to Bounties, presented by Rodman Post No. 12, of the 
Department of Rhode Island : 

Resolved, That this Encampment earnestly recommend that the provision of the 
Bounty Law be extended to soldiers, sailors and marines, discharged by reason of 
disease contiacted in the service. Adopted. 

The following additional resolutions were jDi'^sented and 
adopted : 

Resolved, That the thanks of the Grand Army of the Republic, through its Na- 
tional Encampment, are due, and are hereby warmly tendered our Commander in- 
Chief , Comrade John A. Logan, for the great intertst he has ever exhibited in the 
welfare of the Organization, and for the faithful, zealous and efficient jjerformance 
of his official duties. 

Resolved, That the Adjutant-General be and he is hereby directed to have these 
resolutions engrossed, fi'amed and presented to Comrade Logan. 

Resolved, That the sincere thanks of this Encampment are due and hereby ten- 
dered to Lucius Fairchild, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief , and the other retiring 
officers of the Encampment, for their loyalty and fidelity to the interests of the Order, 
and for their faithful performance of the duties of their several offices. 

Resolved, That the Grand Army of the Republic, through its National Encamp- 
ment, extends to the Department op Massachusetts its warmest thanks for the 
fraternal reception and welcome of its representatives; and those who have shared 
the bountiful hospitalities of the citizens of Boston, will evethold in precious remem- 
brance this vi.sit to the grand old Bay State — chief among the sisterhood of States 
which we are pledged to defend and protect. 

Resolved, That the thanks of this Encampment of the Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic are hereby tendered to Comrade Wm. T. Collins. Adjutant-General, Comrade 
Timothy Lubey, Quartermaster-General, and Comrade J. O. P. Burnside, Acting 
Inspector General, for the faithful and efficient performance of the duties of their 
respective offices during the past year. 



122 Grand Army of the Republic. 

election of officers. 

The following officers were elected : 

Comm;iii(ler-iii-Chief, Ambrose E. Burnsicle, Rhode Island. 

Senior Vice-Cominander-in-Chief, Louis Wagner, Pennsylvania. 

Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, James Coey, California. 

Surgeon-General, Dr. Samuel A. Green, Massachusetts, re- 
elected. 

Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. Wm. Earnshaw, Ohio. 

Council of Administration — Wm. E. McArthur, California ; 
H. Clay Trumbull, Connecticut ; Frank Nolen, Delaware ; R. M. 
Hough, Illinois ; C. C. Adams, Kentucky ; Geo. L. Beal, Maine ; 
E. T. Daneker, Maryland ; A. B. R. Sprague, Massachusetts ; James 
E. Larken, New Hampshire ; William Ward, New Jersey ; A. P. 
Ketchum, New York ; Jas. S. Clemmer, Ohio ; Frank Reeder, Penn- 
sylvania ; Jas. T. Smith, Potomac ; Horatio Rogers, Rhode Island ; 
Geo. J. Stannard, Vermont ; Jos. E. Wilson, Virginia ; Thos. S. 
Allen, Wisconsin. 

General Burnside was introduced as Commander-in-Chief, by 
General Logan, and he briefly thanked the comrades for the 
honor conferred, and assured them that he would be glad to serve 
the Grand Army of the Republic. 




.v/'\- L 




'^^(/lylyL^y'^cC(_ 



CHAPTER X. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF A. E. BURNSIDE- 
SIXTH ANNUAL SESSION, CLEVELAND, MAY 8, 1872. 

General Burnside established Headquarters at his office, No. 
61 Liberty Street, New York city, and announced the following 
appointments on his staff: 

Adjutant-General, William Cutting, New York. 
Quartermaster-General, Cornelius G. Attwood, Massachusetts. 
Inspector-General, Robert B. Beath, PeunsyUania. 
Judge-Advocate-General, William W. Douglas, Rhode Island. 
Assistant Adjutant-General, Roswell Miller, New York. 

General Cutting was unable to devote any time to the duties of 
Adjutant-General and was later succeeded by Assistant Adjutant- 
General Roswell Miller. 

General Ambrose Everts Burnside, Commander-in-Chief, was 
born in Union County, Indiana, May 24, 1824, and at the age of 17, 
was apprenticed to a tailor in Centreville, Wayne County, Indiana. 
In 1843 he received an appointment as a Cadet at West Point, 
being graduated July 1, 1847, and was assigned to the Second 
Artillery. He resigned from the service in 1852, and established 
a factory at Bristol, Rhode Island, for the manufacture of breach- 
loading rifles invented by himself. In 1852 he was appointed 
Major-General of the Rhode Island Militia, but resigned a year 
later. In 1860 he accepted the position of Treasurer, Illinois 
Central K. R., with an office in New York city. On April 15, 
1861, he was tendered the command of the First Rhode Island 
Volunteers, accepted immediately, and that night went to Provi- 
dence and assumed command, and with his regiment reached 
Washington April 26. Colonel Burnside commanded a brigade 
with ability and gallantry in the first battle of Bull Run. 

He was appointed Brigadier- General, U. S. V., August 6, 1861, 
and was ordered to organize a "coast division" for service in 

[123] 



124 Gkand Army of the Republic. 

North Carolina. For the success achieved at Roanoke Island, he 
was commissioned Major-General U. S. Y, On Angust 26, 1862, 
General Bnruside was ordered with a portion of his command to 
the Army of the Potomac, where his troops, with others, were or- 
ganized as the Ninth Army Corps, and he was appointed its 
commander. 

On November 5, 1882, General Burnside was placed in com- 
mand of the Army of the Potomac, relie^ iug General McClellau. 
He commanded that Army until after the battle of Fredericks- 
burg. 

In March, 1863, he was placed in command of the Department 
of Ohio, Headquarters at Cincinnati. In August he moved his 
command to Knoxville, Avhere, in November, he was besieged by 
General Longstreet. General Burnside's long and persistent de- 
fense of that place, until relieved by the forces iinder General 
Sherman, won for him the approval of his superiors, and the 
approbation of his countrymen. 

He was again assigned to the Ninth Army Corps, which was to 
be recruited for special service, but it was ordered to the Army of 
the Potomac, and he so commanded it until August 18, 1864, Avhen 
he was relieved, and was not thereafter in active service. 

In April, 1866, he was elected Governor of Rhode Island by a 
large majority, and was re-elected in 1867, and for a third term in 
1868, when he positively declined to serve longer, as his business 
enterprises then required all of his time. 

In January, 1875, General Burnside was elected United States 
Senator from Rhode Island, and was re-elected June 8, 1880. 

He died, quite suddenly, at his home, " Edgehill," Bristol, 
Rhode Island, on the 13th of SejDtember, 1881. The Governor of 
the State, in making official announcement of his death, said : 
" His eminent services to the state and to the country, his noble 
traits of character, and the universal esteem in which he was held, 
combine to make the loss a public calamity." 

A costly equestrian statue has been erected in memory of Gen- 
eral Burnside in Providence. 

General Louis AVagner, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief. 
See Chapter XIX, for ])i()graphical sketcli and portrait. 

General James Coey, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, was 
born in New York city, in 1841, and enlisted at Oswego, New 



Administration of A. E. Burnside. 



125 



York, August 12, 1862, as 
First Lieutenant, Company E, 
147tli Regiment, N. Y. S. Yols. 
Promoted to Captain and 
Major, and brevetted Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel for conspicuous 
gallantry in the battles of 
the Wilderness, and Laurel 
Hill, Yirginia, and as Colonel 
for meritorious services dur- 
ing the war. Was wounded 
in the Wilderness, and again 
at Dabney's Mills. Mustered- 
out June 7, 1865. 

After the war he went to 
California and became a char- 
ter member of Starr King 

Post No. 1, in 1867, and served as Assistant Adjutant-General of 
the Provisional Department, and Department Commander, 1868 
and 1869. 




General James Coey. 



Dr. Samuel A. Green, re-elected Surgeon-General. See Chap- 
ter IX, for biographical sketch and portrait. 

Eoswell Miller, Adjutant- 
General, is a native of Penn- 
sylvania ; enlisted in the 3d 
New York Light Artillery, 
at Auburn, New York, Au- 
gust 14, 1862 ; promoted to 
be Corporal, Sergeant, First 
Sergeant, Second Lieutenant 
and First Lieutenant ; mus- 
tered-out of service at Rich- 
mond, Yirginia, June 23, 
1865, and brevetted Captain. 

Was a member of Phil 
Kearny Post No. 8, New 
York, in 1871. When Gen- 
eral Burnside Avas elected 
Commander-in-Chief he ap- 




Captain Roswell Miller. 



]2(; 



Grand Army of the Republic. 



pointetl General AVilliam Cutting Adjutant-General, and Captain 
Miller Assistant Adjutant-General ; but as General Cutting was 
unable to attend to the duties of tlie office, he was succeeded by 
Captain Miller. The abolition of the Grade system recjuired an 
entire change in the form of reports and of all books of record in 
Posts, Departments and National Headcpiarters, entailing a great 
deal of labor upon the Adjutant-General. Captain Miller devoted 
himself energetically, systematically and successfully to the work 
of re-organizing his department, giving his services for two years, 
without compensation, as did all the staff officers under Com- 
mander-in-Chief Burnside. 

As a mark of appreciation of his valuable services at that time, 
the National Encampment caused him to be presented with a fine 
gold watch. He is now President of the Chicago, Milwaukee and 
St. Paul Eailroad. 



Cornelius Gilbert Att- 
wood, Quartermaster-Gener- 
al, was born in Bangor, Maine, 
October 20, 1836 ; entered the 
service April 22, 1861, as Sec- 
ond Lieutenant, 3d Battalion 
Eifles, Mass. Yols.; commis- 
sioned Captain 25tli Massa- 
chusetts, October 12, 1861; 
Major, October 29, 1862, and 
was honorably discharged for 
disability from wounds and 
disease, August 16, 1861 ; bre- 
vetted Lieutenant - Colonel, 
March 13, 1865, for gallant 
and meritorious services dur- 
ing the war ; Brigadier-Gen- 
eral and inspector-General, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, 
January 12, 1876. 

Mustered into Post No. 10, Worcester, Massachusetts, July, 
1867 ; charter member and Commander of Post No. 15, Boston, 
1867-1868 ; Assistant Inspector-General, 1869 ; Commander Post 
No. 113, 1871-1872 ; Re-appointed Quartermaster-General, 1872, 
and was appointed Adjutant-General by Commander-in-Chief 
Devens, 1873. For his services as Quartermaster-General, he was 




Geneual (! 



Administeation of a. E. Burnside. 



127 



voted, by the National Encampment at New Haven, a handsome 
gold watch suitably inscribed. Under his administration the 
previously incurred indebtedness was paid, and a large balance of 
cash paid over to his successor. Comrade Attwood died suddenly, 
of apoplexy, at his residence in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, 
January 19, 1888. 

W. W. Douglas, Judge- 
Advocate-General, enlisted 
in the 5th Regiment, B, I. 
Vols. Was afterwards trans- 
ferred to Artillery. Was 
mustered as Second Lieuten- 
ant, December, 1861 ; First 
Lieiitenant June 7, 1862 ; 
Captain, February 14, 1863 ; 
mustered-out on expiration 
of term, December 20, 1864. 

Joined Prescott Post No. 
1, Providence, May 10, 1867 ; 
charter member Post No. 
12, March 12, 1868; Com- 
mander, July 1, 1869, to De- 
cember, 1870. 

In 1868-69 was Secretary of the committee to revise the Eules 
and Regulations and Ritual. Was re-appointed Judge-Advocate- 
General by Commander-in-Chiefs Devens, Burnside and Hartranft, 
serving in all six years. In 1877 he compiled the decisions and 
opinions approved by the National Encampment, and made a com- 
plete digest of Grand Army laws to that date. Comrade Douglas 
is practicing law in Providence, Rhode Island. 




Captain W. AV. Douglas. 



Robert B. Beath, Inspector-General, 
biographical sketch. 



See Chapter XXII, for 



In September, 1871, Commander-in-Chief Burnside was called 
to Europe on business, and the command devolved upon Senior 
Vice-Commander-in-Chief Wagner, whose first order was a call 
for the relief of comrades in Chicago, made destitute by the great 
fire in that month. 

In December it was ascertained that the secret work of the 



128 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Order had been made public through tlie carelessness of some 
comrmle who had lost the cipher and key. Acting Commander- 
in-Chief AVagner at once changed the work and issued the new, in 
cipher only, to officers of the Inspection Bureau. 

General Burnside returned in January, 1872. On April 2, he 
ordered that Posts of the Grand Army display flags at half-mast 
on April 15, out of respect to the memory of Abraham Lincoln. 
In General Orders No. 20 he recommended in addition to strewdng 
the graves of the deceased soldiers and sailors with flowers, " that 
they be planted with flowers and shrubs, so that, when we are 
gone, the Seasons in their ceaseless rounds, may, in our stead, 
adorn the sleeping places of our Comrades." 

SIXTH ANNUAL SESSION. 

The Sixth Annual Session of the National Encampment was 
held in Cleveland, May 8, 1872 ; Commander-in-Chief A. E. Burn- 
side, presiding. 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

Comrade Roswell Miller, Adjutant-General; A. P. Ketchum, 
New York ; James Davidson, Texas ; George A. Hanaford, Wis- 
consin ; Daniel Woodall, Delaware. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief A. E. Burnside. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Loiiis Wagner. 
Chaplain-in-Cliief William Earnshaw. 
Adjutant-General Roswell Miller. 
Quartermaster-General Cornelius G. Attwood. 
Inspector-General Robert B. Beatli. 
Judge-Advocate-General William W. Douglas. 

Council of Administration : New Jersey, Jos. C. Lee ; New 
York, A. P. Ketchum ; Ohio, J. Warren Keifer ; Pennsylvania, W. 
W. Brown ; Potomac, Jas. T. Smith ; Rhode Island, Horatio 
Rogers. 

DEI' AUTM ENTS REl'U KS ENTED. 

^ Delaware, 1 ; Illinois, 1 ; Iowa, 1 ; Kansas, 1 ; Kentucky, 2 ; 
Maryland, 4 ; Massachusetts, 14 ; Minnesota, 2 ; New Hampshire, 2 ; 



Administeation of a. E. Burnside. 129 

New Jersey, 5 ; New York, 9 ; Ohio, 5 ; Pennsylvania, 7 ; Khode 
Island, 5 ; Texas, 1 ; "Wisconsin, 2. Total, Departments, 16 ; Kep- 
resentatives, 62 ; total Officers and Representatives, 75. 

Commander-in-Chief Burnside, in his address, referred to the 
change of Headquarters from Washington to New York city, 
where his business was located, his selection of a staff, and the 
general instructions given them to curtail expenditures and reduce 
the cost of all supplies to Departments. 

He expressed his satisfaction with the attention given to the 
office while he was absent in Europe, by Senior Vice- Commander- 
in-Chief Wagner, " whose long identification with the Order, and 
whose executive ability and high integrity enabled him to do 
even more for the good of the Order than I could have done." 

In closing he said : 

" I congratulate the Encampment on the general healthy condition of the Order, 
and hope that the coming year may prove even more prosperous. Comrades, I am glad 
to meet you here to-day. We are assembled as representatives of an organization com- 
posed of men who survived the struggle which was made by the loyal people of our 
country, for the preservation of our national government. We do not assemble to 
consult with each other as to what is most conducive to our own personal interests, 
nor as to what is most conducive to the success of any political party. We are here as 
the representatives of a band of brothers, who served together on the field of battle, and 
stood shoulder to shoulder in opposition to the rebellion which was organized to ob- 
literate the fairest form of government that man ever devised. Whilst we should de- 
clare ourselves as loyal in the extreme, and utterly in opposition to any doctrine 
which would tend in the slightest degree to revive the heresy of secession, we .should 
declare our charity toward those of our late enemies in the field who have now re- 
cognized, or may hereafter recognize the great wrong they have done to our country. 
Charity is a christian virtue, but I am free to say to you here, that while I fully en- 
dorse the theory or practice, if you may call it so, of forgiving those who fought 
against us, and granting to them all the amnesty which the wisdom of our represen- 
tatives in Congress may deem right and proper, I find it even more difficult to forget 
and forgive the shortcomings of men in the North who had all the lights before them, 
and while our comrades were in the field, enduring all possible hardships, risking life, 
reputation and fortune — risked nothing, but sat in their .safe quarters at home, and 
either croaked about the inefliciency of our armies, or shivered with fear to such an 
extent as to make them ask for compromise — thus failing to show the courage and 
sagacity necessary to realize that a great God in Heaven would crown our efforts with 
success, if we only used our best endeavors to maintain the integrity of our nation. 
These men we necessarily hold in distrust, and they can never, for one moment, re- 
ceive our sympathy or friend.ship. A brave, open enemy may be respected, but a 
halting, false friend must always be despised. 

We should never cease to remember the great aid and encouragement that we 
received from the brave and loyal people of our country who did everything to sus- 
tain, support and encourage us whilst we were in the field. We should ever hold 

9 



180 Grand Army of the Republic. 

them in high esteem, and be ready to reciprocate the friendship and support they 
gave to us, without reference to, or thought of, party or creed. 

Think, my comrades, of your great anxiety, trial and suffering; think of the 
anxious days and nights passed by you in the field, when it would have been much 
easier for you to have declared for compromise or for a cessation of hostilities, had 
you failed to appreciate the necessity of maintaining our national integrity. Who of 
3'ou, my comrades, to win back a lost limb, to regain licalth expended iu the public 
service, to have restored to you the brother or comrade left on the field of battle, or to 
recover the hopes and business prospects voluntarily left behind when you took up 
arms to defend the country, would give up the grand heritage that you have by your 
valor won — the union of States unbroken? Not one of you, I am sure. 

When our country called, you went to her assistance; when the great work was 
accomplished, you returned to your homes with readiness, yielding cheerfully all of- 
fices and emoluments, asking nothing for the future but the right to enter upon 
your old pursuits or to seek new ones as fancy might dictate. We are now citizens, 
and I maintain that, as a body, the soldiers of our country deserve to be recognized as 
intelligent, industrious and law abiding. Let us, my comrades, when we return to 
our homes, to our constituents, seek to impress upon them the necessity of continuing 
the course which has characterized the soldiers and sailors since the war, and never 
grow weary in the good work we have taken upon ourselves, of " Fraternity, Charity 
and Loyalty." 

It was voted that the address of the Commander-in-Chief be 
adopted and incorporated as part of the records, and published to 
the country as the voice of the National Encampment. 

REPORTS OP STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General Roswell Miller stated that the condition of 
the several Departments would be fully shown in the rejjort of 
the Inspector-General. 

The work of re-organizing demoralized Departments had been 
pushed, and results were encouraging. At the beginning of the 
year the following Departments were found to be in a disordered 
and dormant state, making no reports to National Headquarters, 
and showing little signs of life : — Alabama, Arkansas, Colorjulo, 
Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, 
Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North 
Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee — in all eighteen. 

Three Provisional Departments had been organized into per- 
manent Departments during the year : Virginia, July 27, 1871 ; 
Texas, Fe])ruary 12, 1872 ; Kansas, February 22, 1S72. 

The operation of the rule requiring Posts to drop comrades 
one year in arrears, had proved an efficient sanitary measure, but 
]i;i(l rcilncfMl the nutubers of members by lopping off paper men. 



Administration of A. E. Buknside. 131 

The radical changes in the Eitual went into effect at the beginning 
of the third quarter, 1871. It almost entirely stopjDed the growth 
in members during the remainder of the year — Departments and 
Posts being occupied in putting the new work into operation. 
The reports to the Adjutant-General showed, however, that gains 
had been large enough to compensate for losses. It was generally 
believed that both the changes above referred to, though produc- 
tive of temporary disorder and loss, had placed the Order on a 
better working basis than it occupied with the cumbersome 
method of ridding itself of dead wood, and the tedious process of 
bringing in new members. 

30,000 copies of General Orders and circulars were issued 
during the year, and 46,000 copies of revised forms for reports. 
10,000 copies of the Ritual and 5,700 copies of the Installation 
Service prepared by Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Wagner, 
Inspector-General Beath and Department Commander Reeder of 
Pennsylvania, had been issued. The price of badges had been re- 
duced from $0.95 to $0.70, and 4,867 had been issued. 

The sum of $74,675.75 had been reported expended by Posts in 
charity, relieving 673 members and 2,161 persons not members. 

Quartermaster-General C. G. Attwood reported that after the 
payment of all expenses, mainly for printing, and charging off in- 
debtedness claimed, there remained a net balance of cash and prop- 
erty, $3,073.55. No money has been expended during the year for 
salaries of officers. 

Judge-Advocate-General Douglas reported the several opinions 
(26) rendered in cases presented during the year. 

Inspector-General Robert B. Beath gave in detail the standing 
of each Department, the result of the system of Post and Depart- 
ment inspections instituted. He recommended changes in the 
Rules and Regulations, to require only an Annual Inspection, and 
that Department Commanders be authorized to divide their com- 
mands into Inspection Districts, at their discretion, and appoint 
the necessary corps of Assistant Inspectors. 

Surgeon-General S. A. Green stated that the effort to secure a 
complete medical report had been unsuccessful, the only complete 
return received had been from the Department of New York. In- 
complete reports had been received from seven other Depart- 
ments. 



132 Grand Akmy of the Republic. 

committees appointed. 

Eiiles, Regulations, and Ritual : — William C Bunts, Ohio ; 
Fred. H. Harris, New Jersey ; Henry B. Peirce, Massachusetts ; 
E. H. Rhodes, Rhode Island ; A. Wilson Norris, Pennsylvania. 

Reports of Officers : — H. R. Sibley, Massachusetts ; Frank 
Reeder, Pennsylvania ; Guy T. Gould, Illinois ; J. N. Coltrin, 
Iowa; W. H. Lawson, Kentucky. 

The case of Captain Ben. C. Card, Quartermaster U. S. A., 
who had persistently refused to employ members of the Grand 
Army of the Rejjublic in his Department, and had boasted that he 
would not do so, was referred to a committee consisting of Com- 
rades Goble, New Jersey, Davidson, Texas, and Denison, Maryland, 
who reported the following, which, after a thorough discussion, 
was adopted. 

Your Committee having under consideration the recommendation of the Depart 
ment of Texas, in relation to the action of Assistant-Quartermaster B. C. Card, of the 
United States Army, stationed at San Antonio, in the Slate of Texas, tind that the 
said Card, in his official capacity, has refused to employ any person in his Department 
belonging to this organization, solely because they were members of the same, and has 
employed late rebel soldiers and sympathizers in their stead, thereby placing himself 
in direct antagonism to an organization that has for its objects the highest and holiest 
of purposes, and ostracising from employment those brave men who jeopardized their 
lives that their country might live, and i)reventing their participation in the benelits 
of a Government that their valor saved. 

Therefore, be it resolved, that tlie Commander of this Encampment appoint a com- 
mittee of three whose duty it shall be to lay these facts before the President of the 
United States. 

The following was unanimously adopted : 

Whereas, It has been brought to the knowledge of tliis Association that tiie 
present wording of the act of Congress in relation to national cemeteries, denies the 
privileges of burial in them to such volunteers as are from day to day passing away: 
and 

Whereas, There is an amendment to the above mentioned act now before the 
Senate Committee on Military Affairs, which will put a stop to this disgraceful con- 
dition of things by opening the national cemeteries to all the volunteer soldiers and 
sailors of the late war, and give them the privilege of sleeping by the side of their 
comrades in arms: therefore, 

Roiiilted, That we, as representatives of the Grand Army of the Republic, do ask, 
and urge upon, the Congress of the United States, to take speedy and favorable 
action on this amendment. 

hVnolird, That a certified copy of these resolutions be sent to the respective 
chairmen of the Committees on Military Affairs in the United States Senate and 
House of Rc'.resentatives, and be given to the press for publication. 



Administration of A. E. Burnside. 133 

GENERAL LEGISLATION. 

Comrades R. B. Beatli, Pennsylvania ; C. D. MacDougal, 
NewYork ; Richard H. Lee, New Jersey ; W. S. Jenkins, Kansas, 
and C R, Brayton, Rhode Island, were appointed a committee 
to consider and report upon a communication presented by 
Comrade Beath, suggesting action in securing needed legislation 
from Congress. 

The committee afterward reported as follows : 

The Committee to whom was referred the suggestion in reference to legislation 
in the interests of ex soldiers and sailors, offered by comrade Beath, with other reso- 
lutions on the same subject referred to them, beg leave to report, that they have 
given these important matters such consideration as their limited time allovped. 

They recommend a careful examination of the statistics in the printed pamphlet 
submitted to the National Encampment. 

They express their belief that the action of Congress in allowing soldiers and 
sailors, desirous of settling on public lands, the benelit of their term of service in the 
Army or Navy, has disposed of the question of bounty lands. 

They offer the following: 

1st. That the proposed equalization of bounties under House Bill No. 574, pre- 
sented by General Stoughton of Michigan, merits our heartiest approval as being 
just and equitable in all its provisions, and we recommend its immediate passage by 
Congress. 

2d. We heartily approve the propositions for an increase of pensions as suggested, 
namely, the increase to the permanently disabled under the 1st and 2d provisions of 
General Chipman's bill, to $1,000 per annum; an increase to $30 per month for all 
who have lost a leg or au arm, and an increase to all others of 20 per cent. 

3d. That the time for making application for pensions which would entitle 
the applicant to receive the back pension from date of discharge, should be extended 
to May 1, 1873. 

4th. In reference to Soldiers' Orphans and Training Schools, the Committee 
offer the following: 

Resolved, That all Comrades of the Grand Army, and .soldiers and sailors, residing 
in States that have thus far neglected to provide for the education and care of the 
orphan children of our deceased comrades, are earnestly urged to at once commence 
a movement for the immediate establishment of Homes in such States. 

Resolved, That we commend to all States the project of establishing Industrial 
Schools in connection with the present system of Homes, where these children may 
be specially trained to trades and occiipations, until they have attained their majority, 
and are enabled to care properly and fully for themselves. 

5th. Resolved, That we respectfully apply to Congress for such immediate legis- 
lation as will permit the burial in our national cemeteries, of all ex-U. S. soldiers and 
sailors that may die, upon application being made by their friends. 

6th. Resolved, That the Commander in-Chief be authorized to appoint a Com- 
mittee of Five, to whom the matter of increase of pensions and establishment of 
Orphan Homes shall be referred, with full power to act. 

In accordance with the last resolution. Comrades Louis Wag- 
ner, Robert B, Beath, Fred. H. Harris, New Jersey, H. B. Peirce, 



134 Gra^-d Army of the Republic. 

Massachusetts, and O. C, Bosbyshell, Pennsylvania, -were ap- 
pointed a Committee on Legislation, to present the resolutions 
to Congress. 

Memorial Day. 

Comrade Earnshaw read to the Encampment a letter from 
Comrade E. H. Rhodes, commanding Department of Rhode Island, 
copies of which had been mailed to all the clergymen of that 
State, earnestly requesting them to preach, on the Sunday pre- 
ceding Memorial Day, a sermon commemorative of our fallen com- 
rades, and the cause for which they laid down their lives. 

Comrade Earnshaw strongly endorsed the idea as one that 
should be generally adopted, and it Avas resolved that a request to 
that effect be given to the press for publication. Attention to this 
suggestion was invited, by General Burnside, in General Orders, 
for Memorial Day. 

Comrade Wagner, from the committee appointed to draft Rules 
of Order for the National Encampment, reported a series of Rules 
of Order and an Order of Business, which were adopted. 

rules, regulations, and ritual. 

The Committee on Rules and Regulations reported a number 
of amendments. The principal changes adojDted were, 1st. — Con- 
stituting Past Commanders-in-Chief and Vice-Commanders-in- 
Chief, in good standing, members of the National Encampment ; 
2d.— Constituting Past Department Commanders, in good standing, 
members of their respective Department Encampments. 

By a unanimous vote a committee was appointed to prepare 
and present a suitable testimonial to Comrade Roswell Miller, 
Adjutant-General, for the efficient and valuable services gratui- 
tously rendered during the year. 

Comrades Peirce, Massachusetts, Norris, Pennsylvania, and 
Barnum, New York, were appointed such committee. They after- 
wards carried out their instructions by presenting Comrade 
Miller, in the name of the National Encampment, with a handsome 
gold watch. 

The following was adopted unanimously : 

Resolved, That the thanks of this Encampment be, and are hereby tendered to 
tlie Inspector-General, H. B. Beath; the Quartermaster-General. C. G. Attwood; the 
Judge-Advocate-General, W. W. Douglas; and the Surgeon-General, Samuel A. 



Administration of A. E. Burnside. 135 

Green, for the very able manner in which they have discharged the duties of their 
several offices. 

Comrades McMiirdy, Colorado, J. A. Reynolds, New York, and 
Horatio Rogers, Rhode Island, were appointed a committee to re- 
turn the thanks of the Encampment to Mr. and Mrs. Amasa Stone, 
for the courteous and handsome reception, given the National En- 
campment, Tuesday evening, at their residence 

The following was unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That our thanks are due to the members of Posts 23 and 69, G. A. R , 
and to the warm-hearted people of the beautiful city of Cleveland, for the gen- 
erous hospitality extended to us, as representatives of the Grand Army of the 
Republic ; also to the various railroad and steamboat lines, whose courtesy we have 
experienced. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following officers were elected : 
Commander-in-Chief, A. E. Burnside, re-elected. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Louis Wagner, re-elected. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, J. Warren Keifer, Ohio. 
Surgeon-General, Dr. Samuel A. Graen, Massachusetts, re- 
elected for third term. 

Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. William Earnshaw, re-elected. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

California, James Coey ; Colorado, J. H. McMurdy ; Connec- 
ticut, H. Clay Trumbull ; Delaware, S. A. Macallister ; Illinois, 
Solomon Ruttsr ; Iowa, Richard Middleton ; Kansas, A. D. Nie- 
mann ; Kentucky, G. W. Northup ; Maine, George L. Beal ; Mary- 
land, A. W. Denison ; Massachusetts, Wm. Cogswell ; Minnesota, 
James George ; Mississippi, J. C. Tucker ; New Hampshire, S. C. 
Griffin ; New Mexico, S. B. Wheelock ; New Jersey, Frederick H. 
Harris ; New York, A. P. Ketchum ; Ohio, C. A. Vaughan ; Penn- 
sylvania, W. W. Brown ; Potomac, James T. Smith ; Rhode Island, 
C. R. Brayton ; Texas, James Davidson ; Virginia, J. M. Thacher ; 
Wisconsin, George A. Hanaford. 



CHAPTER XL 



ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF A. E. BURN&IDE 
(SECOND TERM)— SEVENTH ANNUAL SESSION, NEW HAVEN, 
CONNECTICUT, MAY 14, 1873. 

Headquarters was retained in New York city, with tlie same 
staff officers, uutil Inspector-General Beatb resigned that position, 
having been elected Commander of the Department of Pennsyl- 
vania. 

He was succeeded by Milan 
B, Goodrich, then a member 
of Crocker Post No. 45, Au- 
burn, N. Y., but in business in 
New York city. Captain 
Goodrich had enlisted as a 
Private in April, 1861, in 19th 
N. Y. Vols., and served active- 
ly during the war, being pro- 
moted Corporal, Sergeant- 
Major, Second Lieutenant, 
and First Lieutenant, and was 
brevetted Captain for gallant 
and meritorious ser /ices. He 
served during the closing 
months of the war in respon- 
sible staff positions. He died 
in 1876, in New York city. 




Captain M. B. Goodrich. 



Joseph Warren Keifer, Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, 
was born in Bethel township, Clark county, Ohio, January 30, 
1836 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar January 12, 1858. 
Enlisted, April 19, 1861 ; commissioned Major of the 3d Ohio 
Infantry, April 27, 1861 ; Lieutenant-Colonel February 12, 1862 ; 
Colonel of the llOth Ohio Vol. Inf., September 30, 1862 ; was 
severely wounded in the "Wilderness," May 5, 1864. After 
having served in campaigns in the field in West Virginia, Ken- 
[186J 



Administration of A. E. Burnside. 



137 



tucky, Tennessee, Alabama 
and Georgia, lie was bre- 
vetted Brigadier - General, 
November 30, 1864, " for gal- 
lant and meritorious services 
in the battles of Opequan, 
Fisliers' Hill, and Cedar 
Creek, Virginia ; " brevetted 
Major-General " for gallant 
and distinguished services 
during the campaign ending 
in the surrender of the In- 
surgent Army under General 
K E. Lee," July 1, 1865. 
Mustered - out of service, 
June 27, 1865, having been 
four times wounded; resumed 
the practice of law at Springfield, Ohio, 1865 ; was a member of 
the Ohio Staie Senate in 1868-69 ; Commander of the Department 
of Ohio, G. A. R., 1868-70 ; Trustee of Ohio Soldiers' -and Sailors' 
Orphans Home from its organization, April 16, 1870, to March 5, 
1878 ; was Representative from Ohio in the 45th, 46th and 47tli 
Congresses, and was elected Speaker of the latter body, Decem- 
ber 5, 1881. He resides in Springfield, Ohio. 




General J. Warren Keifek. 



SEVENTH ANNUAL SESSION. 



The National Encampment met in the Hall of the House of 
Representatives, New Haven, Connecticut, May 14, 1873 ; Com- 
mander-in-Chief A. E. Burnside, presiding. 



COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 



Adjutant-General Roswell Miller, Comrades C. R. Brayton, 
■Rhode Island, Daniel Woodall, Delaware, and A. P. Ketchum, 
New York. 



OFFICERS PRESEN: 



Commander-in-Chief A. E. Burnside. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Louis Wagner. 
Surgeon-General Samuel A. Green. 
Adjutant-General Roswell Miller. 



138 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Quartermaster-General Cornelius G. Attwood. 
Inspector-General M. B. Goodrich. 
Judge-Advocate-General William AV. Douglas. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

G. L. Beal, Maine ; C. K Brayton, Rhode Island ; M. T. 
Dwyer, New Jersey ; J. H. Goulding, Vermont ; ^\. Cogswell, 
Massachusetts ; H. Clay Trumbull, Connecticut ; A. P. Ketchum, 
New York ; C. S. Greene, Pennsylvania ; John McArthur, Con- 
necticut. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Connecticut, 5 ; Delaware, 2 ; Illinois, 2 ; Kentucky, 1 ; Maine, 
3 ; Massachusetts, 4 ; New Hampshire, 3 ; New Jersey, 3 ; New 
York, 7 ; Ohio, 2 ; Pennsylvania, 3 ; Potomac, 3 ; Rhode Island, 4 ; 
Texas, 1 ; Vermont, 4 ; AA'iscousin, 1. Total, 16 Departments, 48 
Representatives. 

Commander-in-Chief Burnside briefly addressed the Encamp- 
ment, reported the Order prospering, and expressed his gratifica- 
tion that -during an exciting political campaign it had been de- 
monstrated that the Grand Army was entirely free from any par- 
tisan tendencies. He announced that he could not under any cir- 
cumstances again serve as Commander-in-Chief. He said the offi- 
cers of his staff had performed their duties in the most intelligent 
and faithful manner, and without compensation. 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General Roswell Miller reported : 

The aggregate membership of the Departments remain about the same as at last 
Report. The following statement shows the changes reported, as compared with the 
same quarters of the previous year : 

1881.— 3 quarters. 1872.— 3 quarters. 

Gain— By Muster . , . 6.201 3,716 

From Suspended . 2.217 1,894 

Total Gain . . . 8,418 5,610 

Loss— By Death ... 287 196 

" Discharge . . 263 178 

" Suspension . . 7,786 4,957 

" Dismissal . . 52 28 

Total Loss . , . 8,388 5,350 



Administration of A. E. Burnside. 139 

The following Departments have reported regularly: Maine, New Hampshire, 
Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island. New York, New Jersey, Penn- 
sylvania, Delaware, Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, Wisconsin, California, Potomac, 
Minnesota, New Mexico, Texas, Georgia, Mississippi, Illinois, Louisiana, — twenty- 
three (23) in number. The average number of Departments reporting in 1870, was 
16; in 1871, 20; in 1872, 23. 

The following Departments were reported as " disorganized and dormant" at the 
beginning of the year 1871: Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Michigan, Ne- 
braska, Colorado, Kansas, Iowa, Georgia, Missouri, Florida, North Carolina, New 
Mexico, Arkansas, Alabama, South Carolina, Louisiana and West Virginia. Of these 
the following showed no signs of life: Arkansas, Alabama, South Carolina, West 
Virginia, Michigan, and Indiana. 

The results of the two years' work is briefly this: 

Departments disorganized and non-reporting at the beginning of the year 1871, 
.since reorganized and now regularly reporting: Illinois, Mississippi, New Mexico, 
Louisiana. (5) 

Departments discontinued: North Carolina, West Virginia and South Carolina. (8) 
Departments organized but non-reporting: Colorado, Kansas, Iowa. (3) 
Departments remaining disorganized: Indiana, Tennessee, Michigan, Nebraska, 
Missouri, Florida, Arkansas, Alabama. (8) 

Provisional Departments permanently organized: Virginia, Texas, and Kansas. (3) 
Charity.— The reports cover three quarters of 1873. and show $48,222.23 expended, 
932 members relieved, and 1,430 persons, not members, relieved. The reports are 
incomplete, and do not show the entire work. 

Quartermaster-General Cornelius G. Attwood reported cash 
and assets on hand, $4,126,83, and continued : 

" When, two years since, the present staif officers assumed their positions, and it 
was ascertained that National Headquarters was completely bankrupt, your instruc- 
tions were given to limit expenses to the lowest pos.sible figure, and endeavor, by 
careful management, to pay off whatever indebtedness was bequeathed, and, if 
possible, show a surplus at the end of the term of service. 

To this end the expenses of the Headquarters have been confined to rent in New 
York, necessary travelling expenses, postage, telegrams and other minor items; all 
of the National officers having given their time and labor without charge to the 
Order." 

Inspector-General M. B. Goodrich presented a complete report 
of the Inspections of Departments, and appended a statement of 
Soldiers' and Sailors' Homes, and Soldiers' Orphans Schools in 
the different States. 

Judge-Advocate-General W. W. Douglas, presented the opinions 
given in eighteen cases submitted during the year. 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Report of Commander-in-Chief : — W. G. Veazey, Vermont; 
A. S. Perham, Maine ; C. Morris, Ohio ; C. Parker, Texas ; Chas. 
Burrows, New Jersey. 



140 Grand Army of tiie Uepublic. 

On Reports of Adjutant-General and Quartermaster-General : 
— H. R. Sibley, Massachusetts ; T. W. Cliallis, New Hampshire ; 
H. Hilliard, Illinois ; E. H. Rhodes, Rhode Island ; O. C. Boshy- 
shell, Pennsylvania. 

On Reports of Inspector-General, Judge-Advocate-General and 
other officers : — W. W. Brown, Pennsylvania ; J. R. Goble, New 
Jersey ; T. Lubey, Potomac ; J. H. Goulding, Vermont ; and Ed. 
Ferguson, Wisconsin. 

On Rules, Regulations, and Ritual : — S. P. Corliss, New 
York ; H. B. Peirce, Massachusetts ; A. W. Norris, Pennsylvania ; 
C. L. Russell, Ohio ; H. Clay Trumbull, Connecticut. 

REPORTS OP COMMITTEES. 
RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

The Committee on Rules, Regulations, and Ritual recommended 
the adoption of the form of " Burial Service " presented by the 
Department of Massachusetts ; that the Rules and Regulations be 
changed : 1st. To constitute the Assistant Adjutant-General of 
each Department, a member of the National Encampment ; 2d. To 
provide for the appointment of a Chief Mustering Officer in De- 
partments. 

They reported adversely upon the propositions to abolish the 
rules as to secrecy ; To abolish the Medical Directors' depart- 
ment ; For the establishment of an auxiliary association for wives 
of members, to be known as the " Clara Barton " Degree. 

The report of the Committee was adopted. 

OFFICIAL BADGES. 

The subject of badges for Officers and Past Officers was re- 
ferred to a special committee consisting of A. B. Underwood, 
Massachusetts, Chas. Burrows, New Jersey, and C. A. Wells, New 
York, who reported in favor of a badge to be worn by officers, 
when on duty, or on occasions of ceremony. 

The Committee suggested that if the Encampment decided that 
the l)adge sliould be worn by Past Officers, the official badge 
proper for their positions should be placed beneath the eagle 
of the raembf^rship badge. 

The amendment providing for a badge for officers was adopted, 
and the proposition for badges for Past Officers was rejected. 



Administration op A. E. Buenside. 141 

RESOLUTIONS. 

Kesolutions pledging tlie co-operation of the Grand Army of 
the Republic in aid of the International Exhibition, to be held in 
Philadelphia, July 4, 1876, commemorative of the One-hundredth 
Anniversary of the Independence of the United States of America '■> 
and also directing the Commander-in-Chief to arrange for the 
decoration of soldiers graves in the national cemeteries at Mari- 
etta and Andersonville, were adopted. 

RESOLUTIONS OP THANKS. 

Resolutions were adopted thanking the comrades of Admiral 
Foote Post, who had served as guards during the Encampment ; 
also to Admiral Foote Post, Grand Army of the Republic, of New 
Haven, for their generous hospitality, and " to the citizens of the 
city of New Haven, for the kindness they have manifested toward 
the soldiers and sailors who are visiting the beautiful ' City of 
Elms,' and that the Adjutant-General be requested to publish 
this in the New Haven papers." 

The following was adopted by a rising vote. 

Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to procure, and in the name of 
the Grand Army of the Republic, present to Comrade Ambrose E. Burnside, a 
testimonial expressive of the high regard and esteem entertained for him by the 
comrades of the Grand Army, and for the faithful and able manner in which he has, 
for the past two years, discharged the duties of Commander in-Chief, — his whole 
administration reflecting credit upon the organization, and illustrating, most con- 
spicuously, our principles of Fraternity, Charity, and Loyalty. 

Comrades Beath, of Pennsylvania, Corliss of New York, and 
■Peirce of Massachusetts, were appointed the committee. See 
Chapter following. 

The following resolutions were unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That the members of this National Encampment gratefully recognize 
the loDg and faithful service of Senior Vice-Commander in-Chief Louis Wagner, 
of Pennsylvania ; for a considerable period acting Commander-in-Chief. His devo- 
tion to the interests of the Grand Army of the Republic; his efl3cient administration 
of the affairs of the high positions he has filled ; his admirable impartiality, prompt- 
ness and vigor in dispatching the business of this Encampment, when called to pre- 
side therein. — have constantly won our hearty commendation, and in recognition 
of our esteem, we liereby tender to Comrade Wagner the cordial thanlis of this 
Encampment. 

Resolved, That the Adjutant-General cause a suitable testimonial to be prepared 
and presented to Comrade Wagner. 



1'42 Grand ArxMY of the Hepublic. 

In accordance with the above a handsome gold badge, com- 
bining the badges of the Grand Army of tlie Republic and the 
First and Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac, was duly presented 
to Comrade AVagner. 

The following was unanimously adopted : 

Resoli'f'd, That the thanks of the National Encampment, Grand Army of the 
Republic, are due, and are hereby tendered, to Comrade Roswell Miller, for the 
faithful and intelliirent manner in which he has perfonned the arduous and respon- 
sible duties of his oflice. 

Resolved, That our thanks are due, and are hereby tendered, to the Inspector Gen- 
eral, Comrade 31. B. Goodrich, the Judge- Advocate General, Comrade W. W. 
Douglas, the Quartermaster General, Comrade C. G. Attwood, the Surgeon-Gen- 
eral, Comrade Samltel A. Green, the Chaplain in Chief, Comrade Wm. Earnshaw, 
and the Council of Administration, for the able manner in which they have 
attended to their duties. 

The Committee on the Report of the Quartermaster-General 
presented the following : 

In view of the fact that Comrade Attwood's books and accounts present so satis- 
factory a result, and inasmuch as he has given his services to the Grand Army of the 
Republic gratuitously, the committee beg leave to offer the following resolution: 

Resolved, That the thanks of the National Encampment are due, and are hereby 
tendered, to Comrade Cornt:lius G. Attwood, for his able supervision of the 
finances of our Order, and that a committee of three be appointed to procure a proper 
testimonial to be presented to Comrade Attwood, expressive of the respect and esteem 
with which he is held by the comrades of this Order. 

The report was adopted, and Comrades H. R, Sibley, of Mass- 
achusetts, O. C. Bosbyshell, of Pennsylvania, and T. AV. Challis, 
of New Hampshire, were appointed the committee to procure a 
testimonial for the Quartermaster-General. 

The committee afterwards procured and presented to Comrade 
Attwood, on behalf of the National Encampment, a beautiful gold 
watch, suitably inscribed. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following officers were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, Chas. Devens, Jr., Massachusetts. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, John R. Goble, New Jersey. 
Junior Vice-Commander-iu-Chief, Edward Ferguson, Wis- 
consin. 

Surgeon-General, Dr. Hans Powell, New York. 
Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. Augustus Woodbury, Rhode Island. 



Administration of A. E. Burnside, 143 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

California, James Coey ; Connecticut, H. Clay Trumbull ; Ill- 
inois, John McArtliur ; Kentucky, G. W, Northup ; Maine, Geo. 
L. Beal ; Massachusetts, Wm. Cogswell ; Minnesota, James 
George ; New Hampshire, Wm. P. Moses ; New Jersey, Richard 
H. Lee ; New York, H. A. Barnum ; Ohio, C. L. Russell ; Penn- 
sylvania, Robert L. Orr ; Potomac, T. Lubey ; Rhode Island, Ir- 
win Metcalf ; Texas, S. B. Grafton ; Vermont, J. H. Goulding ; 
Virginia, J. M. Thacher ; Wisconsin, Geo. A. Hanaford. 

The members of the Encampment in the evening attended a 
Concert and Reception, arranged in their honor by Admiral 
Foote Post No 17, of New Haven. 



CHAPTER XII. 

ADMIXISTKATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF CilAELES DEVENS, Jk. 
—EIGHTH ANNUAL SESSION, HARRISBURG, MAY 13, 1874. 

Commander-in-Chief Devens established Headquarters in 
Boston, and appointed the following staflf : 

Adjutant-General, C. G. Attwood, Massachusetts. 
Quartermaster-General, A. B. E. Sprague, Massachusetts. 
Inspector-General, A. Wilson Norris, Pennsylvania. 
Judge-Advocate-General, AV. W. Douglas, Ehode Island. 

Henry B. Peirce was appointed Aid-de-Camp, and detailed for 
duty at Headquarters. 

General Chas. Devens, Jr., Commander-in-Chief, was born in 
Charlestown, Massachusetts, April 4, 1820. He enlisted April 
19, 1861, in the 3d Battalion, Massachusetts PiiHes, and was com- 
missioned Major ; appointed Colonel, 15th Mass. Yols., July, 1861 ; 
promoted Brigadier-General, April 15, 1862, and brevetted Major- 
General, to date April 3, 1865, General Devens served with the 
Armies of the Potomac and of the James, commanded 1st Brigade, 
1st Division, 4th Army Corps, in May, 1862 ; the 3d Division, 6th 
Army Corps, in December, 1862 ; 1st Division, 6th Army Corps, 
April, 1863 ; 1st Division, 18th Army Corps, October 29, 1864 ; 3d 
Division, 24tli Army Corps, December, 1864 ; and temporarily 
commanded that Corj)s in January, 1865. During his service he 
was three times wounded. 

General Devens has held a number of responsible civil posi- 
tions ; was Attorney-General of the United States during the 
administration of President Hayes. 

Dr. John II. Goble, Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, was 
born in Warwick, Orange county, New York, June 7, 1837. En- 
listed August 12, 1861, in Company F, 1st Wisconsin Cavalry, and 
served part of the time on important detail duty as courier and 
scout, was mustered-out at Calhoun, Georgia, October 31, 1864. 
After formal iiinst<!r-(jut, riMiiaincd on duty with the Medical 
IM4I 




a£.^^< 



Administration of Charles Devens, Jr. 145 

Department as Assistant Surgeon, until February, 1865, when 
he was compelled to resign by reason of ill-health. 

Joined Wadsworth Post, New Jersey, March, 1869 ; served four 
years as Post Commander ; Department Commander in 1873. Is 
now in business in New York city. 

Lieutenant Edward Ferguson, Junior Vice-Commander-in- 
Chief, was a Private in the 1st Wisconsin, 3 months service ; re- 
enlisted in the same Regiment for the three years service, and as 
1st Sergeant was badly wounded at Perryville, Kentucky, October 
8, 1862, resulting in the loss of his right leg below the knee, and 
in the loss of the use of his left arm. He was afterwards dis- 
charged as 1st Lieutenant for wounds received in action. 

Joined the Grand Army of the Republic, 1866 ; served one 
term as Commander of Post 56, Wisconsin; and was for three 
terms Department Commander. Is now a member of E. B. Wal- 
cott Post No. 1, Milwaukee. He was, for seventeen years, U. S. 
Pension Agent at Milwaukee. 

Dr. Hans Powell, Surgeon-General, served as Surgeon, 14:2d 
N. Y. Vols., from April 3, 1863, until June 7, 1865. 

He was on the field at Cedar Creek, Chapin's Farm, Fort 
Fisher, Drury's Bluff and Petersburg. 

After the close of the war, he was appointed Police Surgeon in 
New York city, and served until 1873. He was among the first to 
organize a Post of the Grand Army of the Republic in New York, 
in 1867. In 1869 he joined Dahlgren Post No. 113, as a charter- 
member, and was its first Commander. As Medical Director, De- 
partment of New York, -in 1872, he made a report of the wounded 
and disabled members of that Department, that was specially 
commended by Surgeon-General Green. He was noted for his 
charitable work. His time and purse Avere devoted to the relief 
of unfortunate comrades. 

He died in 1884, in New York city. 

Rev. Augustus Woodbury, Chaplain-in-Chief, served as Chap- 
lain, 1st Rhode Island, three months service, and served as an 
Aid on the Staff of General Burnside at the first Bull Run. 

General C. G. Attwood, Adjutant-General, had served as Quar- 
termaster-General, under General Burnside. See biography and 
10 



146 Grand Army of the Republic. 

portrait, Chapter X. He resigned as Adjutant-General, October 
17, 1873, and was succeeded by Colonel Henry 11. Sibley. 

General A. B. K. Sprague, Quartermaster-General, was Captain, 
Company H, 3d Battalion llifles, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, 
April 19, 18G1, in three mouths serA'ice ; Lieutenant-Colonel, 25th 
Massachusetts, September 9, 1861 ; Colonel, 51st Massachusetts, 
November 11, 1862 ; muster'ed-out at end of term, July 27, 1863 ; 
Lieutenant-Colonel, 2d Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, February 
1,1864; mustered-out September 20,1865; brevetted Brigadier- 
General, March 13, 1865. 

Joined Post 10, Worcester, early in 1867, and was Department 
Commander of Massachusetts in 1868. Has been Sheriff of Wor- 
cester county since July 5, 1871. 

Colonel A. AVilson Norris, Inspector-General, born in Lewis- 
town, Pennsylvania, in 1842 ; entered the army as Lieutenant in 
the 107th Pennsylvania Volunteers, in November, 1861 ; was cap- 
tured at Gettysburg in 1863, and w^as twenty months a prisoner of 
war ; honorably discharged as Captain in July, 1865 ; graduated 
at the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania, in 1867, 
and practiced law in Philadelphia until 1872, when appointed 
private secretary to Governor Hartranft ; in May, 1876, was 
appointed official reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court 
of Pennsylvania, and served in that capacity until January, 1881, 
when, having been elected State Senator from the Sixth Senatorial 
District, he resigned to take his seat in the Senate ; was appointed 
Colonel and Aid-de-Camp on the staft" of Governor Hartranft, in 
July, 1877, and Judge-Advocate-General of Pennsylvania on the 
Staff of Governor Hoyt. 

Declined a re-nomination to the Senate and resumed ])ractic(> 
of the law ; in July, 1884, Avas appointed, by President Arthur, 
United States Pension Agent at Philadelphia, and was removed by 
President Cleveland, in 1885 ; elected Auditor-General of Penn- 
sylvania, in 1886, for a term of three years, by over 47,000 major- 
ity. AY as a member of Post 19, Philadelphia. Resigned as 
Inspector-General in February, 1874, by reason of his election as 
Department Commander of Pennsylvania. Died, at his home in 
Philadelphia, May 21, 1888. 



Administbation of CHAliLEs Devens, Jr. 147 



EIGHTH ANNUAL SESSION. 



The National Eucampment assembled in Harrisburg, PeuusjI- 
vania, May 13, 1874. Commander-in-Chief Chas. Devens, Jr., 
presiding. 



COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

Adjutant-General H. R. Sibley ; W. W. Brown, Pennsylvania ; 
R. H. Lee, New Jersey ; G. L. Beal, Maine ; T. Lubey, Potomac. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief Chas. Devens, Jr. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief John R. Goble. 
Surgeon-General Hans Powell. 
Chaplain-in-Chief Augustus Woodbury. 
Adjutant-General H. R. Sibley. 
Inspector-General W. W. Brown. 
Judge-Advocate-General W. W. Douglas. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Geo. L. Beal, Maine ; R. H. Lee, New Jersey ; Robt. L. Orr, 
Pennsylvania ; T. Lubey, Potomac ; E. Metcalf, Rhode Island ; G. 
A. Hanaford, Wisconsin. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Alabama, 1 ; Connecticut, 4 ; Illinois, 4 ; Kansas, 1 ; Maine, 1 ; 
Massachusetts, 11 ; New York, 4 ; New Jersey, 4 ; New Hamp- 
shire, 2 ; Ohio, 2 ; Pennsylvania, 7 ; Potomac, 5 ; Rhode Island, 
2 ; Vermont, 2 ; Virginia, 1. Departments, 15 ; Department Offi- 
cers and Representatives, 51. 

Commander-in-Chief Devens briefly addressed the Encamp- 
ment. He said ; * * * * 

" The objects of our Association are such as should comraeud themselves, not only 
to all those who have fought under the flag of the Union, but to all good citizens. 
How far we shall succeed in accomplishing those objects depends in no small degree 
upon our own prudence, zeal and energy. 

Attempts have been made to secure the influence of the Grand Army of the Kepub- 
lic in matters purely political, and all such were in violation of the whole spirit of our 
Order. 

Let us, as individuals, express and maintain freely our own opinions upon politics, 
and all the details of politics, but let it be understood that our organization has no sys- 



148 Grand Army of the Republic. 

tern of politics except that irreat and g-raud system in which all true men are agreed, 
whether citizens or soldiers — those principles of devotion, to the death if need be, for 
Liberty and the Laws, for the Constitution and the Union, Avhich we once preached 
with our rifles in our hands and our country's flag above our heads, amid the smoke 
and fire of an hundred battle-fields. Let it be known that by these principles alone 
we are united, that this society does not exist for any personal ends or selfish purposes, 
and that it is not to be used by any man or any set of men. 

Agreeable and delightful as are the social characteristics of our association, it has 
higher aims than these. To guard and cherish the memory of those of our comrades who 
have passed away; to teach the inestimable value of the services of those who— unused 
to the trade of arms — did not hesitate, when the hour of trial came, to leave the plow 
in the furrow' and the hammer on the anvil, and commit themselves to the shock of 
battle, appealing to the Grod of battles for the justice of their cause, is with us a most 
sacred duty. And this, not alone that the dead may be honored, but that the living 
may be encountged to imitate their example, and that the strong spirit of nationality 
and loyalty to the Government Avhich bore us up so bravely through four years of 
unexampled trial, may be fostered and strengthened, and that we ourselves may be 
consecrated anew to the cause for which so many have suffered. 

The motto which our Order bears, of Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty, is the brief 
summary of its principles. Let us endeavor, that all we may do shall tend to the 
strengthening and brightening of that chain of friendship which should unite all those 
who have offered their lives in a great and holy cause, to the forwarding of those 
charities of which the distressed and broken, or those whom they have left behind 
them, are so much in need, and to the old spirit of loj'alty and devotion to our common 
country.' 

The committee appointed by tlie seventh National Encamp- 
ment to procure a testimonial for Comrade A. E. Burnside, Past 
Commander-in-Chief, had requested Commander-in-Chief Devens 
to make the presentation address. 

The testimonial read as follows : 

Headquauteks Grand Akmy of the Republic, 
Boston, Mass., May 17, 1873. 

In accordance with the imanimous vote of the National Encampment, Grand 
Array of the Republic, at New Haven, Conn., May 15, 1873, this testimonial is 
j)rcsenled to 

Comkade AMBltOSE E. BUKN^IDE, 

as a mark of the high esteem entertained for him as a comrade, and in ai)preciation of 
his able, faithful and zealous administration, for two years, of the resiionsil)le duties of 
Commandeuin-Chief; illustrating as a man and an officer, the cardinal principles of 
our Order— Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty. 

CHAS. DEVENS, Jr., 
[seal.] Gomnumder -in-Chief. 

HENRY \\. SIBLEY, 

Adjutant General. 

The testimonial was Leautifully engrossed and elegantly 
framed, a photograph of Comrade Burnside forming a part of the 



, <^AM^r 




1 r ^ 

Group of National Officers, 1873. 



Administration of Charles Devens, Jr. 149 

ornamentation. Commander-in-Cliief Devens spoke substantially 
as follows : 

Al the last National Encampment a committee was appointed (consisting of Com- 
rades Beatli, Corliss and Peirce) to prepare a testimonial for our late Commander in- 
Chief, which should in some degree express the regard and respect felt for him by the 
members of this organization. This duty they have performed by causing to be en 
grossed and framed this expression of our esteem, which is now before you, and they 
have requested me, on their behalf and that of the last National Encampment, in your 
presence, to present the same; and their request I now proceed to fulfill. 

Comrade Burnside,— in parting with you most reluctantly, and at your own request, 
as the Commander-in Chief of their organization, the comrades of the Grand Army 
desire to express to you, by this testimonial, their love for you as a comrade, their 
respect and esteem for you as a man, their appreciation of the eminent services it has 
been your good fortune to render to the Republic. They have known you as one who, 
called to a high position in the army, has felt always that the life, comf ortr and happi- 
ness of every man under his command was dear to kim as his own ; who, alike in the 
hours of victory, or disaster and defeat, thought far more of the welfare of others than 
of himself; whose influence was always high, ennobling and inspiring to those around 
him; and who was always, in deeds and not in words only, truly a comrade. 

Accepting its highest position at a time when, by accidental circumstances, the 
treasury of the National Encampment had become embarrassed, you have rescued it 
from these troubles and placed it upon a firmer footing than ever before. The Order 
is based upon the principles of Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty ; its success must de- 
pend solely upon how well it, as an organization, and its members as individuals, act 
up to them. Believing that you have nobly exemplified them in your lif e,^ both as a 
soldier and a citizen, they ask respectfully your acceptance of this testimonial. 



THE RESPONSE. 

In response, Comrade Burnside said that he had no words 
with which to express his appreciation of the motive which 
prompted the comrades to this exhibition of their good will ; that 
the testimonial would ever have a place among his dearest treas- 
ures ; that he considered the Grand Army superior to any of the 
other organizations which have grown out of the war, and that, in 
his opinion, it would outlive them all. 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General H. R. Sibley referred to the severe loss sus- 
tained by the Order in the destruction of the books of record, 
files of reports, letters and other property, containing much inter- 
esting material, relative to the history of the Order, by fire, on 
the previous Memorial Day, May 30, 1873. 



I'O Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

"Comrade Henry B. Peihce, Aid-de-Camp to the Commander-in Chief, was de- 
tailed for duty iit Ileadcjuarters. In him are combiueel <^reat experience in, and gen- 
uine love for, the (<ran(l.Army, and 1 am largely indebted to him for valuable aid in 
the conduct of business through the \ear, and in the jireparation of material for the 
annual rei)ort.'' 

The Departments that have rept)rted at all for the i)ast two years, show gains and 
losses as follows: 

1872. 1873. 

Gain— By iAIuster . . 5,760 5,599 

" Transfer . . 443 473 

From Suspended 2,941 2,932 



Total Gain . . 9,144 


9,004 


Loss— By Death . - . 294 


307 


" Discharge . 274 


246 


" Suspension . 5,261 


5,045 


" Transfer. . 642 


519 


" Dishon. disch. 36 


27 


Dropped . . 3,060 


3,321 


Total Loss . . 9,567 


9,465 



In addition to the correspondence to awaken an interest in localities where little or 
none was manifested, a circular has been issued to former comrades and prominent 
ex-soldiers in several States. 

Quartermaster-General A. B. R. Sprague, reported receipts 
from all sources, ^G,736.22 ; expenditures, $3,514.70 ; balance cash 
on hand, 83,221.52 ; net assets over liabilities, $4,117.45. 

Reports were aloo received in print, and duly referred, from In- 
spector-General W. W. Brown, Judge-Advocate-General "W. W. 
Douglas, Surgeon-General Hans Powell, and Chaplain-in-Cliief 
Augustus Woodbury, 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Address of the Commander-in-Chief: — G. L. Beal, Maine; 
T. C. Boone, Ohio ; 8. B. Keuney, Virginia ; Wm. Ward, New 
Jersey ; G. H. Patrick, Alabama. 

On Reports of Adjutant-General and Quartermaster-General : 
— E. Jardine, New York ; W. W. Henry, Vermont ; F. H. 
Sprague, Potomac ; W. E. Disbrow, Connecticut ; J. AV. Drew, 
New Jersey. 

On Reports of Judge- Advocate-General, Inspector-General and 
other officers : — G. A. Hanaford, Wisconsin ; L. L. Aldrich, New 
Hampshire ; H. Hilliard, Illinois ; J. S. Fay, Massachusetts ; C. S. 
Greene, Pennsylvania. 



Administration of Charles Devens, Jr. 151 

On Rules, Regulations, and Ritual : — Geo. S. Merrill, Massa- 
cliiisetts ; R. B. Beath, Pennsylvania ; G. M. Barber, Oliio ; J. C. 
J. Langbein, New York ; E. Metcalf, Rhode Island. 

On Resolutions : — O. C. Bosbyshell, Pennsylvania ; AY. 8. Jen- 
kins, Kansas ; Judge-Advocate-General Douglas. 

E. H. Rhodes, Rhode Island, Daniel White, Maine, J. R. Goble, 
New Jersey, A. B. Underwood, Massachusetts, and Frank Reeder, 
Pennsylvania, were appointed a committee to consider a badge for 
Past Officers. They subsequently recommended the following : 

Past Officers in the Grand Army of the Republic may wear the strap of the official 
badge proper for the highest position held by them in the Grand Army, with a clasp 
upon the ribbon proper for such position, beneath the bronze eagle of the membership 
badge, to which the whole shall be pendant. 

Adopted unanimously. 

RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

The Committee on Rules, Regulations, and Ritual reported a 
number of amendments. The principal changes were, 1st. That 
Posts, at their option, be permitted to dispense with a portion of 
the opening ceremonies ; 2d. To constitute Past Department Com- 
manders, so long as they remain in good standing in their Posts, 
members of the National Encampment ; 8d. That Departments 
may adopt a uniform for their own members, and, when no uni- 
form is prescribed by a Department, each Post may adopt a 
uniform. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

The Committee on Resolutions reported resolutions urging 
Congressional action for increased pensions to wounded and dis- 
abled soldiers and sailors, and especially to those totally disabled ; 
also asking Congress to provide compensation for women who 
had served as nurses in the field during the war ; thanking the 
Ladies Union Relief Association of New York city, for their as- 
sistance to comrades in distress. 

Resolutions were adopted, thanking General M. C. Meigs, 
Quartermaster-General U. S. A., for the erection of an appropri- 
ate building in Arlington National Cemetery, for use of the Grand 
Army of the Republic on each Memorial Day, and for the zeal and 
interest he had manifested on their behalf. 



152 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Tlianks were duly voted to Post No, 58, Grand Army of tlie 
Eepublic, aud citizeus of Harrisburg ; the Committee of Arrange- 
meuts, the Legislature and the. Executive Departments, for the 
many courtesies and hospitalities extended to the National En- 
campment. 

ELECTION OP OFFICERS. 

The following officers were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, Chas. Devens, Jr., re-elected. 
Senior Yice-Commauder-in-Chief, Edward Jardine, New York. 
Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, Guy T. Gould, Illinois. 
Surgeon-General, Dr. Hans Powell, New York, re-elected. 
Chaplain-in-Chief, Kev. Augustus AVoodbury, Rhode Island, 
re-elected. 

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

California, David J. Simmons ; Connecticut, S. M. Smith ; Illi- 
nois, J. J. Palmer ; Kansas, AYilliam Emerson ; Maine, Edward 
Moore ; Massachusetts, C. G. Attwood ; Minnesota, James George ; 
New Hampshire, Wm. P. Moses ; New Jersey, A. M. Way ; New 
York, E. A. Perry ; Ohio, J. H. Seymour ; Pennsylvania, James 
W. Latta ; Potomac, Amos J. Gunning ; Ehode Island, T. ^V. Hig- 
ginson ; Yerniont, F, A. Lewis ; Yirginia, H.B. Nichols ; Wiscon- 
sin, Gabe Bouck. 

When the Encampment adjourned, the delegates, headed by 
Beck's Philadelphia Band, visited the executive mansion, to pay 
their respects to Governor Hartranft, and were very kindly re- 
ceived and entertained by the Governor and Mrs. Hartranft ; after 
which they escorted the Commander-in-Chief to the Lochiel 
Hotel, to partake of a banquet tendered to the Grand Army and 
the Society of the Army of the Potomac, by the citizens of 
Harrisburg. 



CHAPTER XIII. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF DEVENS (SECOND 
TERM)— NINTH ANNUAL SESSION, CHICAGO, MAY 12, 1875. 



Headquaeters was continued in Boston, with Henry K. Sib- 
ley, Adjutant-General ; A. B. R. Sprague, Quartermaster-General ; 
W. W. Brown, Pennsylvania, Inspector-General ; W. W. Douglas, 
Judge-Advocate-General, and Henry B. Peirce, Aid-de-Camp. 

General Edward Jardine, 
elected Senior Yice-Com- 
mander-in-Cliief, had pre- 
viously served as Inspector- 
General, by election in Phil- 
adelphia, 1868. He was 
commissioned. May, 1861, 
as Captain 9tli N. Y. Vols. ; 
Major, February, 1862, and 
Lieutenant-Colonel, April, 
1863. The regiment served 
actively in the " Burnside 
Expedition," and as part of 
the Ninth Army Corps ; the 
two years term of the regi- 
ment expired in May, 1863, 
and in July, 1863, Colonel 
Jardine was in New York city recruiting his regiment for the three 
years term, when the Draft Riots occurred, and he was placed in 
command of a detachment of troops for service against the mob. 
While so serving he was severely wounded in the thigh, produc- 
ing a compound fracture. 

His life was saved through some ladies noticing his sad con- 
dition and taking him into their house, where he was hidden until, 
some hours later, the mob broke in to search for wounded sol- 
diers. Colonel Jardine had served through the day in citizen 
dress, and as the soldiers in uniform had previously escaped from 

[153] 




General Ed. Jardine. 



154 



Grand Army of the Kepublic. 



tlie liouse his statement that he was a civilian was believed, or, 

hatlly wounded as he was, he would undoubtedly have been then 

brutally murdered. 

He was afterwards commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel, 17th 

Regiment, New York Veteran Volunteers, and bre vetted Brigadier- 
General, November 2, 18()5. 
He joined Phil. Kearny Post, 
G. A. K, Newark, N. J., in 18()(); 
was Provisional Commander, 
Department of New Jerse}', 
and Department-Commander, 
18(17-1868. In 1874 was De- 
partment-Commander of New- 
York ; is now a member of 
Post 108, New York city. 



Guy Torrance Gould, Junior 
Vice - Commander - in - Chief, 
served Avith Company H, '2d 
N. Y. Vol. Inf., from April 28, 
1861, to August 27, 1865 ; was 
mustered-out as Quartermas- 
ter-Sergeant of the regiment. Mustered into the Grand Army of 
the Republic, in Nevius Post No. 1, Rockford, Illinois, May 7, 1867; 
Post Adjutant, 1869 ; Adju- 
tant of Ransom Post, Chica- 
go, Illinois, 1870-1871; Post f' 
Commander, 1872 ; Senior 
Vice Department-Command- 
er, 1872 ; Department-Com- 
mander, 1873 and 1874. 




Guy T. (tOild. 



A\ . W. Rrown, Inspector- 
General, was born in Cayu- 
ga, New York, 1836. In 
1838 his ]iai(mts removed to 
Elk county, Pennsylvania. 
He left Alfred College, New 
York, on the first call for 
troops, enlisting in Com- 
pany H, 23d New York, ob- 




W. W. Hitow.v. 



Administration of Charles Bevens, Jr. 155 

taining leave of absence in June to permit him to graduate with 
his class. He Avas transferred to the 1st Pennsylvania " Buck- 
tails," and served with that regiment until mustered-out at ex- 
piration of term. 

After the war he was Recorder of Deeds in McKean county, 
Pennsylvania, and then studied law. He afterwards removed to 
Corry, Erie county, Pennsylvania, and represented that city in the 
Legislature, from 1872 until 1876. He was elected to Congress in 
1882, and re-elected by a largely increased majority in 1884. He 
joined the Grand Army of the Republic, at Corry, Pennsylvania, 
1869. 

By General Orders, Chaplain-in-Chief Woodbury, Judge-Ad- 
vocate-General Douglas, J. C. Robinson, New York, and G. A. 
Hauaford, "Wisconsin, were appointed a committee to prepare " a 
commemorative service to be performed at stated periods in grate- 
ful and devout remembrance of deceased comrades." 

NINTH ANNUAL SESSION. 

The National Encampment assembled in Chicago, May 12, 
1875, Commander-in-Chief Chas. Devens, Jr., presiding, 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

Adjutant-General H. R. Sibley ; G. T. Gould, Illinois ; J. J. 
Palmer, Illinois ; 8. M. Smith, Connecticut. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief Chas. Devens, Jr. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Edward Jardine. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Guy T. Gould. 
Surgeon-General Hans Powell. 
Adjutant-General H. R. Sibley. 
Judge-Advocate-General W. W. Douglas. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

S. M. Smith, Connecticut ; J. J. Palmer, Illinois ; F. W. Sulli- 
van, New Jersey ; Chas. S. Greene, Pennsylvania ; Gabe Bouck, 
Wisconsin. 



15 G Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Connecticut, 4 ; Illinois, (5 ; Massachusetts, IG ; Minnesota, 7 ; 
Missouri (Provisional), 1 ; New Hampshire, 2 ; New Jersey, 5 ; 
New York, 8 ; Ohio, 2 ; Pennsylvania, 10 ; Potomac, 5 ; Rhode 
Island, 5 ; Vermont, 2 ; Wisconsin, 5. Total, l-I Departments ; 
78 Representatives. 

Commander-in-Chief Devens then addressed the Encamp- 
ment : * * * * 

In some of its forms, and in the modes in which it enables its members to recognize 
each other, the Grand Army of the Kepublic is a secret organization. But its secrecy 
is limited to these; in all its real purposes and objects it has no concealments or 
reservations, nothing it is not ready to spread before the world fully and frankly. It 
seeks no objects that are not sought by ever}^ true man wiio endeavored, whether in 
the field or out, to do what he could for the preservation of the Union so lately 
imperiled, and who is ready no'.v to honor and cherish those by whose efforts it was 
saved. 

It has no system of i)olitics in wliich all cannot unite, whatever other differences 
they may have as to men or measures, who agree that what was done to maintain the 
government was demanded by the highest considerations of patriotism and duty. 
Did it have any political objects in a narrow or individual sens?; was it intended to 
elevate this man or party to power and place, or to prevent another from obtaining it, 
a proper and deep distrust would and ought to prevail in reference to it. No body of 
citizens, even if they have been soldiers, can be allowed to separate themselves in 
their political relations from the great body of their fellow citizens, and form a dis- 
tinct class, without just ground of objection and complaint. 

Xor is it our desire to keep alive any ill feeling which has been engendered during 
the War of the Rebellion. The object of every war that can be justifiably waged, is 
that thereby peace may be secured, and those who forced upon us, by insulting our 
flag, by attacking our army, by battering down our fortresses, this strange and un- 
natural conflict, were our countrymen. 

Let the necessary and logical results of our triumph be preserved inviolate, alike 
in the union of these States, and in liberty to every man who treads their soil, and 
the passions and bitterness of the conflict should be allowed to die. But we cannot, 
and we ouglit not to allow the memory of those by whom these results have been 
achieved to .sink into oblivion ; justice to their cause, gratitudi' for their services, 
demand that we at least should claim for them the place to which they are rightfully 
entitletl among the heroes and martyrs of liberty. 

In two instances, that of the suffering by the fire at Oshkosh, Wisconsin, during 
the last summer, and that of the suffering occasioned by the locust plague in Minne- 
sota, I have thought proper, by circular, to call the attention of the Order to the 
condition of eonirades in those Departments. 

The reconimendiitioiis of tlie last National Encampment, in reference to the pass- 
age of the hills for increa.se of pensions, and for certain compensation to female 
nurses, were forwarded, iiimiedi;itely after the adjournment, to Congress, and were 
by me, from time Id time, enforced by conversations and correspondence, but I regret 
that I caiuiot report any favorable result. 

Even if tliere should he no general increase of pensions, I am clearly of opinion 



Administration of Charles Devens, Jr. 157 

that there should be an increase to those who suffered the loss of a leg or arm, and 
that it is our duty to respectfully urge this upon the attention of the National Legis- 
lature. 

The carefully prepared report of the Surgeon-General will afford you many inter- 
esting facts as to the number and kind of disabilities existing among our numbers. 

The Commander-in-Chief then expressed his obligations for 
the services of the members of his staff, especially naming Adju- 
tant-General Sibley. 

In conclusion, comrades, as the duties which you have for the past two years im- 
posed upon me draw to a close, you will do me, I know, the justice to think that I 
have done my utmost for the furtherance of the objects which we all have at h?art. 
I am fully rewarded by the belief which a careful examination and comparison will 
justify, that the condition of the organization has improved both numerically and 
financially during the past two years, and that its spirit and patriotism have not di- 
minished. The relations which I have held towards you have been most agreeable : 
you have always generously sustained me, and if there is regret that the time has now 
arrived when we must sever them, I recognize that as I take my place again as a 
comrade in the ranks of the Order, they will not be less pleasant and satisfactory in 
that changed position. 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General H. R. Sibley reported : 

GAINS AND LOSSES. 

In spite of the depression of business in every part of the country, we have more 
than maintained our numerical strength of a year ago— we have made a decided gain. 
The returns are incomplete, but I estimate the increase at five per cent. The follow- 
ing is an approximate statement of our gain and loss : 

1873 1874. 

Gain— By Muster 5,599 6,308 

" Transfer 473 463 

From Suspended 2,932 2,323 

Total gain 9,004 9,094 

Loss— By Death 307 282 

" Discharge 246 370 

" Suspension 5,045 3,559 

" Transfer 519 539 

" Dishonorable discharge 27 99 

"Dropped 3,321 3,567 

Total loss 9,465 8,306 



About $75,000 has been reported as expended for relief, a considerable part of the 
sum to relieve those not members. 



loS Grand Army of the Republic. 

The following Dt'partuu'nts have made the required reports aud liave paid all dues 
for the four quarters of 1874: 

Maine, New Ilaaipshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecti(!ut, 
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Potomac, Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Wisconsin, 
Minnesota, Iowa, California, Colorado. 

The foregoing list is the same as that contained in my report one year ago, with 
these exceptions— Iowa aud Colorado gained, and Georgia and Oregon dropped. 

The clerical labor in the office has been performed (as iu the previous year.i by 
Comrade Henry li. Peirct-. A. D. C, whose energy, zeal and tidelity has largely facil- 
itated the prompt discharge of the duties of this ottice. 

Quartermaster-General A. B. R. Spragiie reported : receipts, 
$4,061.25; expenditures, $3,113.37; surplus, 947.88; cash and 
assets, $4,913.17. 

Inspector-General AY. AV. Brown, Judge-Advocate-General W. 
W. Douglas, Surgeon-General Hans Powell and Cliaplain-in-Chief 
Augustus AVoodbur}^ submitted reports of their departments. 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Address of the Commander-in-Cliief : — G. A. Hanaford, 
AA^isconsin ; F. C. Otis, Connecticut ; J. Pickett, Massachusetts ; 
W. AV. Jennings, Pennsylvania ; T. G. Lawler, Illinois. 

On Reports of the Adjutant-General and Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral :— Chas. Burrows, New Jersey ; E. S. AA^'eeden, Illinois ; A. 
AVhite, New Hampshire ; J. P. Maxfield, Massachusetts ; L. P. 
Plummer, Aliunesota. 

On the Reports of the Inspector-General, Judge-Advocate- 
General, Surgeon-General and Chaplain-in-Chief : — J. AV. Newton, 
A^ermont ; AA\ H. Seamans, Rhode Island ; T. S. AA'hite, Minnesota ; 
E. B. Blasland, Massachusetts ; J. Hancock, AVisconsin. 

On Rules aud Regulations : — R. B. Beath, Pennsylvania ; 
Judge-Advocate-General AA\ A\\ Douglas ; H. A. Castle, Minne- 
sota ; E. C. Parkinson, New York ; B. F. HaAvkes, Potomac. 

On Resolutions : — G. S. Merrill, Massachusetts ; AV. AA''. Tyson, 
Pennsylvania ; D. AV. Albaugli, Aliunesota ; R. C. Duffy, New 
Hampshire ; T. D. McGillicuddy, Ohio. 

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 
COMMITTEE ON ADDRESS OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. 

The Committee reported : 

IfiT. Resolved, That this Encampment recognizes, with the most profound satisfac- 
tion, the remarkable success of the Order under the administration of Comrade 



Administkation or Charles Devens, Jr. 159 

Charles Devens, Jr., and his able assistants, in the persons of his various staff 
officers. Our gratitude is due them for their zeal and fidelity in the discharge of their 
duties, and we cordially express our thanks to them for having placed the Order in its 
present proud and invulnerable position. 

2d. Resolved, That a committee consisting of Comrades William Ward, of New 
Jersey; George S. Merrill, of Mas.sachusetts; and Robert B. Beath, of Pennsylvania, is 
hereby appointed, with authority to procure a suitable testimonial to be presented to 
Comrade Devens, as a substantial and permanent recognition of his services as Com- 
mander in Chief, and of our fraternal regard for him as a comrade ; and such money 
as may be necessary in the judgment of the Committee to pay for said testimonial, is 
hereby appropriated from the funds in the hands of the Quartermaster General. 

3d. Resolved, That the recommendation of the Commander in-Chief, with reference 
to the duties performed hx Comrade H. R. Sibley, Adjutant-General, is eminently 
appropriate and well deserved. Every comrade with whom Comrade Sibley has had 
official relations, during two years administration in the office of Adjutant- General, 
will, we feel sure, testify to the marked ability, patience, and devotion to the Grand 
Army always exhibited by him. The Commander-in-Chief, when elected, is therefore 
authorized to appoint a committee of three, whose duty it shall be to prepare a suitable 
testimonial expressive of the estimation in which he is held by the Encampment, and 
of our appreciation of his valuable services, and present the same to Comrade Sibley, 
with the compliments of the Encampment. 

4th. Resoh-ed, That the remarks of the Commander-in-Chief, under the head of 
"Disabled Soldiers," are in accordance with our sentiments; and we, feeling it to be 
our duty to urge upon Congress the justice of increasing pensions to those who suffered 
the loss of a leg or an arm. or were otherwise similarly disabled, request that the 
Commander-in-Chief continue, as our representative, to enforce by conversation and 
correspondence the claims of this class of pensioners, until such time as the necessary 
relief is granted. 

5th. The address of the Commander-in-Chief — such portions as are not otherwise 
alluded to— are approved by the committee, and we recommend that the same be 
adopted as the sentiments of the Encampment. 

The report was unanimously adopted. 



ON REPORT OF ADJUTANT-GENERAL AND QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL. 

The Committee recommended that the thanks of the Encamp- 
ment be extended to Adjutant-General Henry R. Sibley and 
Quartermaster-General A. B. R. Sprague, for the able manner in 
which they had discharged their duties. Adopted. 

RULES, regulations, AND RITUAL. 

The following propositions were decided adversely : (1st) That 
when Memorial Day occurs on Sunday, that day should be ob- 
served ; (2d) to require the election of all officers of Departments, 



160 Grand Army of the Republic. 

except the Assistant Adjutant-General ; (3d) that Commanders-in- 
Chief and Vice-Corn mauders-in-Chief shall not be eligible to re- 
election ; (4th) that Past Department Commanders and appointed 
officers should not be entitled to vote, as such, in Department 
Encampments ; (5th) to constitute Past Post Commanders mem- 
bers of Department Encampments. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

The Committee recommended resolutions : (1st) Urging Con- 
gress to pass the bill for the equalization of bounties ; (2d) to re- 
move the charge of desertion from soldiers who absented them- 
selves without leave, after the close of the war and before formal 
muster-out ; (3d) that the Judge- Advocate-General compile a di- 
gest of all decisions. 

Resolutions were adopted, thanking the comrades of Illinois, 
and State and City authorities, for courtesies extended. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following officers Avere elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, John F. Hartranft, Pennsylvania. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, J. S. Reynolds, Illinois. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Chas. J. Buckbee, Con- 
necticut. 

Surgeon-General, Dr. John W. Foye, Massachusetts. 
Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. Myron W. Reed, Wisconsin. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

California, D. J. Simmons ; Connecticut, John G. Healy ; Illi- 
nois, J. J. Palmer ; Maine, Edward Moore ; Massachusetts, Josiah 
Pickett ; Minnesota, T. S. White ; New Hampshire, Aaron F. 
Stevens ; New Jersey, F, W. Sullivan ; New York, Jno. G. Copley ; 
Ohio, James Barnett; Pennsylvania, Levi Huber ; Potomac, John 
A. Darling , Rhode Island, C. H. Barney ; Vermont, F. Stewart 
Strauahan ; Wisconsin, Henry G. Rogers. 

COURTESIES EXTENDED. 

By invitation of the Chicago Board of Trade, the National 
Encampment visitfid their hall, and were courteously received. A 
steam-tug placed at the disposal of the Encampment by the Board 



Administeation of Charles Devens, Jr. 161 

of Public Works conveyed the members to the pumping works 
and termini of the Lake Tunnel. 

On the evening of May 12, 1875, a public reception was held 
at the Exposition Building, where addresses of welcome were de- 
livered by Governor Beveridge of Illinois, and Mayor Colvin of 
Chicago. Responses were made by Past Commander-in-Chief 
Chas. Devens, Jr., and Governor Hartranft. 

At noon the members were escorted to the balconies of the 
Exposition Building, from which point they reviewed the grand 
procession of citizen soldiery, under the charge of General Hil- 
liard, Adjutant-General of Illinois, which had been arranged, in 
connection with the reunion that day of the soldiers of the north- 
west. Later in the day many of the m ambers availed themselves 
of an invitation to visit and study the great war painting, " The 
Battle of Lookout Mountain," which was then on exhibition in the 
Exposition Building. In the evening the members attended a 
Promenade Concert at the same place. 



11 



CHAPTER XrV. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF JOHN F. IIARTRANFT 
—TENTH ANNUAL SESSION, PHILADELPHIA, JUNE 30, 1876. 

Commander-in-Chief Hartranft established Headquarters in 
Philadelphia, with the following staff : 

Adjutaut-General, Robert B. Beath, Pennsylvania. 
Quartermaster-General, "William Ward, New Jersey. 
Inspector-General, William F. Rogers, New York. 
Judge-Advocate-General, W. W. Douglas, Rhode Island. 

General John Frederick Hartranft, Commander-in-Chief, was 
born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, December 16, 1830 : 
was graduated from Union College, Schenectady, New York, in 
1853, and first adopted the profession of a civil engineer ; but af- 
terwards studied law and was admitted to the bar in October, 
1859. 

In 1858 was chosen Captain of the Norris City Rifles, and at 
the outbi'eak of the Rebellion, Avas Colonel of the 4th Regiment, 
Pennsylvania State Militia. On the first call for troops the 
Regiment volunteered for the three months service. Colonel 
Hartranft served as a volunteer Aid on the staff cf General 
Franklin, in the first battle of Bull Run. Afterward he organ- 
ized the 51st Pennsylvania Yolunteers, as its Colonel, and served 
with General Burnside in his campaigns at Roanoke Island and 
other points on the Atlantic Coast, after which the Corps joined 
the Army of General Pope at Fredericksburg. General Hartranft 
was particularly commended for a dashing charge across the 
" stone bridge " at Antietam. He afterwards served Avith General 
Burnside at Yicksburg and Jackson, and in the severe trials of 
the Tennessee Campaign, including the siege of Knoxville. 

His command was transferred to the Army of the Potomac. 
He was commissioned Brigadier-General for gallantry, May 12, 
1864. General Hartranft led the storming party at the explosion 
of the mine in front of Petersburg, July 30, 1864. 

When Fort Steadman was taken by the Confederates, March 
25th, 1865, General Hartranft advanced his Division without 
[162] 



Administration of John F. Hartranft. 163 

waiting for orders, aud re-took the fort. For this service he was 
brevetted Major-General U. S. V., receiving complimentary 
notices from Major-General Parke, Lieutenant-General Grant 
and President Lincoln. 

A commission as Colonel, 34th Infantry, U. S. A., Avas tendered 
him after the war, but this he declined, and, in October, 1865, was 
elected Auditor-General of Pennsylvania, and so served until De- 
cember, 1872. In October of that year he was elected Governor, 
and was re-elected in 1875. 

He has always taken a deep interest in the National Guard of 
the State, of which he has been Major-General since leaving the 
gubernatorial chair. He was a charter-member of Post 11, 
Norristown, and for a number of years rej)resented Pennsylvania 
as a member of the National Council or as Representative-at- 
large. Re-elected Commander-in-Chief, 1876. 

General Jos. S, Reynolds, Senior Vice-Commauder-in-Chief, 
was first engaged in recruiting service, until commissioned Second 
Lieutenant, December 31, 1861, in Yates " Sharpshooters," after- 
wards the 64th Illinois Volunteers. 

He was promoted to be First Lieutenant, September 2, 1862 ; 
Captain, August 14, 1863 ; Major, November 1, 1864 ; Lieutenant- 
Colonel, May 8, 1865 ; brevetted Brigadier-General, for gallant and 
meritorious services, to date July 11, 1865. 

He was a member of the Springfield Convention to organize 
the Department of Illinois in 1866 ; Department Commander in 
1877 ; now a member of Post 5, Chicago. He was re-elected Sen- 
ior Vice-Commander-in-Chief at Philadelphia, 1876. 

Capt. C. J. Buckbee, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, enlisted 
as Private, Company F, 6th Connecticut Volunteers, September 7, 
1861 ; served through all the minor positions, and was commis- 
sioned Second Lieutenant, February 5, 1864 ; First Lieutenant, 
April 8, 1864 ; Captain May 25, 1865 ; Avounded at the capture of 
Fort Fisher, and again at Drury's Bluff; at the taking of the city 
of Wilmington was appointed military Postmaster ; was discharged 
August 21, 1865. 

On June 8, 1868, joined Post 17, Grand Army of the Republic, 
New Haven ; has held a number of positions in the Post, and was 
Post Commander in 1872 and 1875 ; Departnient Commander, 
1874 and 1875 ; re-elected Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 1876. 



IGi Grand Army of the Republic. 

Dr. Joliu W. Foye, Surgeou-General, served as Assistant Sur- 
geou, 11th Massachusetts Infanti}'. After his term as Surgeon- 
General, Dr. Foye went to San Francisco and became Resident 
Physician of the City and County Hospital, and also Physician in 
charge of the Twenty-sixth Street Hospital, where lepers were 
confined and treated. He died in San Francisco, March, 1885. 

Colonel Robert B, Beath, Adjutant-General. For biographical 
sketch, see Chapter XXII. 

General AYilliam Ward, Quartermaster-General, was mustered- 
in as Captain, Company D, 8th NeAv Jersey Volunteers, August, 
1861 ; commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel, July, 1862, and was dis- 
charged, Sej^tember, 1863, for disability from wounds received, 
and resulting in the loss of an arm. Joined the Grand Army of 
the Republic, 1867 ; elected Department Commander, 1868 ; served 
as Quartermaster-General under Commanders-in-Chief Hartranft, 
Robinson, EarnshaAv, Wagner and Merrill — in all seven years. 
Was for a number of years Postmaster of Newark, New Jersey, 
where he resides. 

General AY. F. Rogers, Inspector-General, was Captain, Com- 
pany C, 74th Regiment, National Guard of New York, Buffalo, 
at the breaking out of the Avar, and his Company and Regiment 
immediately resjDonded to the call for troops. The Regiment Avas 
mustered as the 21st New York, for the tAvo years service, Avitli 
Captain Rogers as Colonel, and formed jjart of the 1st Corps, 
Army of the Potomac. Colonel Rogers Avas brevetted Brigadier- 
General, U. S. v., March IH, 1865. After the close of the war he 
was again connected Avith the National Guard, as Major-General. 

He organized C]iai)iu Post No. 2, in 1866, and Avas its first com- 
mander. He Avas the first Senior Yice-Dei)artment-Commandor, 
Department of New York, and subsequently Department Com- 
mander ; re-appointed Inspector-General in 1876. 

He is noAV Superintendent, Soldiers and Sailors Home, Bath, 
New York. 

Rev. Myron W. Reed was born in Yermont, and at the outbreak 
of the rebellion Avas in the Theological Seminary at Chicago. He 
enlisted, July, 1862, in Company A, 18th Michigan Yolunteers ; 




Group of National Officers, 1875. 



Administration of John F. Hartranft. 165 

promoted First Lieutenant, August, 1862 ; Captain, Company D, 
July, 1863 ; on detaclied duty, during the last year of the war, as 
Chief of Scouts, District Northern Alabama ; mustered-out, 1865. 

After the war he finished his theological course, and graduated 
in 1866, He was, for four years, minister of the First Congrega- 
tional Church in New Orleans ; then went to Milwaukee, and was 
for four years, 1873-1877, in the First Congregational Church of 
that city. He was for seven years in Indianapolis, and for the 
past four years has had charge of the First Congregational Church 
in Denver, Colorado. 

In 1886 he was the Independent Democratic candidate for 
Congress in that district, and reduced the previous majority of 
his competitor by nearly 8,000. Mr. Keed is an eloquent pulpit 
orator and lecturer, and is a member of A. Lincoln Post, Denver, 
Colorado. 

tenth annual session. 

The National Encampment met in the Hall of Post No, 2, 13th 
and Spring Garden streets, Philadelj)hia, June 30, 1876. 

Under the supervision of the Hall Committee, aided by the 
comrades generally, the beautiful hall of the Post was tastefully 
arrayed for the occasion, and was kejDt open, night and day, for 
the reception of visiting comrades. 

A large number of comrades, including nearly all the national 
officers, attended the meeting of Post 2, on June 29, and witnessed 
the muster-in services, as performed in the most impressive man- 
ner, with appropriate illustrations by the stereopticou. 

The general arrangement for the reception and entertainment 
of the National Encampment and visiting comrades, was confided 
by the Department of Pennsylvania, to a Centennial Committee 
consisting of representatives of the Philadelphia Posts, the De- 
partment and National officers residing in Philadelphia ; Colonel 
O. C. Bosbyshell, Chairman, J. E. Byram, Secretary, and D. T. 
Davies, Treasurer. 

Commander-in-Chief Hartranft presided. 

committee on credentials. 

A. L. Chetlain, Illinois ; J. F. Dalton, Massachusetts ; G. J. P, 
Wood, Potomac ; F, W. Sullivan, New Jersey ; Adjutant-General 
R. B. Beath. 



1C)C) Grand Army of the Republic. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief Jolm F. Hartranft. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Cliief J. S. Reynolds. 
Junior Vics-Commander-in-Chief Clias. J. Buckbee. 
Adjutant-General Robert B. Beath. 
Quartermaster-General William Ward. 
Judge-Advocate-General W. AY. Douglas. 
Inspector-General W. F. Rogers. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

J. J. Palmer, Illinois ; T. W. Dew, Maryland ; J. R. Woodruff, 
New Jersey ; H. C. Perley, New York ; C. H. Barney, Rhode Is- 
land. 



DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

California, 2 ; Connecticut, 3 ; Illinois, 4 ; Kansas, 1 ; Mary- 
land, ; Maine, 1 ; Massachusetts, 10 ; Minnesota, 1 ; New Hamp- 
shire, 8 ; New Jersey, 10 ; New York, 12 ; Ohio, 3 ; Pennsylvania, 
17 ; Potomac, 7 ; Rhode Island, 5 ; A^ermont, 2 ; A' irginia, 5 ; AA is- 
consin, 2. Provisional Departments : Georgia, 1 ; Mississippi, 1 ; 
Nebraska, 2 ; Post No. 1, Oregon, 2. Total, 22 Departments ; 100 
Dejiartment Officers and Representatives. 

ADDRESS OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF JOHN F. HARTRANFT. 

As the representatives of the Grand Ann}- of the Republic, you liave assembled 
here to-day in accordance witii a", annual custom, to deliberate and take council with 
each other upon all mattes of interest to our loved Order, which demand attention. 
The tender twig which for years past retpiired so much nourishment and care, and 
which so often bent to the storms of prejudice and adverse criticism, has stretched its 
roots wj widely and deeply, and has become so lirm and strong, that it no longer needs 
that cejiseless watchfulness, exercised by former commanders, to protect it from 
l)ub!ic opinion without or weakness from within. The wisdom of the comrades com- 
posing the National P^ncampments in the past has destroyed the growth of all disturbing 
elements which would have retarded the development or drawn their sustenance from 
the life or pros])erity of our Order; and, thanks to their foresight, our organization is 
no longer subject to the su.spicion that we are united for sellish or party i)urposes, and 
we are free to peiform the sacred duties our comi)anionshii) imposes upon us, without 
stoj)ping to battle with misconception and falsehood. 

Surely, the fraternity of those; who .stood side by side in the many bloody conllicts 
of the late war, isa natural lie iliat needs not be cemented with any binding obligation, 
and it i-; stninge lliat from lliis feeling of fraternity there should .-pring a .sentuneut of 
cluirity for the sulleriugs of those who had passed through the fearful ordeal of war. 



Administration of John F. Hartranft. 167 

or had left impoverished and helpless families behind them ? And is it not logical, if 
we cherish a recollection of that war, and nourish a feeling of kindness for those whom 
its casualties have, in part or in whote, deprived of support, that we should nurse with 
a fervent and holy regard the spirit of patriotism or loyalty that prompted us to incur 
all the terrible chances of battle to save the integrity of the Union and preserve the Hag 
of our choice. 

These three simple principles are the articles of our Grand Army creed — the culti- 
vation of a habit of fraternity among comrades; the exercise of a daily charity to the 
maimed and helpless, and the constant renewal of our allegiance to the Government for 
which we periled so much ; and they meanly asperse us who impute other than these 
motives to our actions as Grand Army comrades. 

Despite the hard times and the general prostration of business and industry, the 
prosperity of the Order has been marked and encouraging, and the steady increase in 
our numbers gives promise of large accessions to our ranks so soon as the distrust that 
now pervades all classes of our people is destroyed, and money is released once more 
for legitimate enterprise. Our growth has not only been in numbers, but in Posts and 
Departments, and we may congratulate ourselves that our organization is extending 
its benefits and usefulness into every corner of the land. 

When you visit the great Exposition of art and industry now open in this city, you 
will be gratified to see the substantial contributions made by our nation to the comfort, 
luxury and progress of humanity, and, as you witness this Exhibition, I feel assured 
you will experience no greater pleasure than in the thought that, through your efforts 
in part, our great nation was preserved in its integrity for a future t,f usefulness, 
honor and glory, and with the natural and just pride that comes of this thought, let 
there go apace a resolution to do your share towards effecting a true reconciliation 
between the sections of our common country, and to advance every effort that will 
unite with you our late foes, in promoting the prosperity of our country and enlarging 
the scope and purpose of our free institutions. 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General R. B. Beatli, referred in detail to the condi- 
tion of the Order. 

Permanent Departments had been formed in Maryland and 
Alabama, and would soon be effected in Kansas, Iowa and Ne- 
braska. Through the efforts of Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief 
Reynolds, Posts had been formed in Michigan and Indiana. 

Reference was made at length to the fact that badges had not 
been manufactured as required by the Rules and Regulations, and 
a temporary arrangement had been made for their manufacture at 
the U. S. Mint. 

TESTIMONIALS. 

A committee consisting of Comrades Ward, Merrill and Beath, 
was appointed at the last National Encampment, " with authority 
to procure a suitable testimonial to be presented to Comrade 



168 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Charles Devens, Jr., as a substantial recognition of his services as 
Commander-in-Chief." 

In accordance therewith, a beautiful gold badge was prepared 
and presented to Comrade Devens. The Post of which Comrade 
Devens is a member (No. 10, of AVorcester, Mass.), made the occa- 
sion memorable bj handsomely entertaining the members of tlie 
committee present, Comrades "Ward and Merrill, and other invited 
guests. 

The same committee was appointed to carry out the resolu- 
tions of the Encampment in reference to Comrade H. li. Sibley, 
late Adjutant-General, in appreciation of his valuable services, 
and tlie committee purchased and presented to him, in the name 
of the Order, a handsome gold watch. 

Quartermaster-General Ward rejDorted balance cash received 
from Quartermaster-General Sprague, $3,250.49 ; receipts from 
dues and interest, $2,170.95 ; total, $5,421.44. Disbursements, 
81,389.20. Cash on hand, December 31, $4,032.2^-. He reported 
receipts from Posts to aid in completing the Soldiers' Monument 
in the Chalmette National Cemetery, Louisiana, of $252.53. 

Inspector-General Rogers presented, in print, a full report of 
inspections in the several Departments. 

Judge-Advocate-General Douglas presented the opinions given 
in nine cases referred to him during the year. 

Surgeon-General .T. W. Foye referred to the efforts made, 
without success, to secure a complete list of all comrades disabled 
in the service. He said : 

" The preparation of a descriptive book by each Post, containing the minutest de- 
tails m relation to wounds received- by its members, would involve but little labor, and 
might be the means of accomplishing a great deal of good in the future. There is 
hardly a comrade who has not personal knowledge of the dithcullies attending the 
jirocuring of pensions for wounded soldiers, in many instances on account of the 
failure to secure the reciuired jiroof, and a descriptive bot)k in every Post, as above 
suggested, would tend to obviate many of the di.s;idvantages that otherwise might 
arise, as the information therein contained would enable the applicant to take the 
first and most important stej) toward securing the pittance to which he would be justly 
entitled. For tiie lack of just such details, cases are daily arising where brave men 
are prevented from obtaining pensions ; and as the vicissitudes of life may place others, 
not now dependent, in similar ])ositions, I feel that I cannot urge too strongly 
upon tlie National Encampment the taking of action which will bring about the de- 
s-ired result." 




cq 



o 

o 



Administration of John F. Hartranft. 169 

committees appointed. 

Rules, Regulations, and Ritual : — H. Hilliard, Illinois ; James 
F. Meech, Massachusetts ; C. H. Barney, Rhode Island ; H. B, 
Harshaw, Wisconsin ; J. E. S. Pray, New Hampshire. 

Reports of Officers : — Geo. S. Merrill, Massachusetts ; E. B. 
Tyler, Maryland ; N. M. Smith, Pennsylvania ; Geo. B. Squires, 
New York ; S. B. Kenney, Virginia. 

Resolutions : — James Tanner, New York ; Marriott Brosius, 
Pennsyh'ania ; Jacob Meese, Minnesota ; J. R. Scupham, Califor- 
nia ; William Earnshaw, Ohio. 

These committees afterwards reported as follows : 

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 

Committee on the Reports of Officers recommended : 

That the entire matter of badges be referred to a special committee of five, to be 
appointed by the new Commander-in-Chief, with full powers to make the best pos- 
sible contract, with sufficient guarantee for the manufacture of badges of the present 
form, size and design, to be made, as now required, of bronze cannon, captured during 
the rebellion. 

Committee appointed : Jno. M. Yanderslice and Thos. Lees, 
Pennsylvania ; E. W. Brueniughausen and Geo. B. Squires, New 
York ; R. H, Lee, New Jersey. 

RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

No changes of importance were made in the Rules and Regula- 
tions at this session. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

Resolutions were adopted favoring payment of bounties due 
enlisted men promoted in the field, before instalments of bounties 
had become due ; also recommending the adoption of the form of 
Medical Report presented by the Surgeon-General. 

The thanks of the Natioual Encampment were unanimously 
voted to Post No. 2, Philadelphia, W^ R. Peddle, Post Commander, 
for the use of their beautiful hall for the Encampment, and for 
courtesies extended. 

The delegation of the Department of Virginia, presented to the 
National Encampment a gavel made from wood of the rebel ram 
" Merrimac," to which was attached a strip of the flag which was 
flying at the foremast-head of the U. S. Ship " Congress," when 



170 Gkand Army of the Kepublic. 

slie was simk by the former vessel, in Hampton Roads, March 0, 
1862. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

Tlie following were elected. 

Commander-in-Chief, John F. Hartranft, re-elected. 

Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, J. S. lleynolds, re-elected. 

Jnnior Yice-Comraander-in-Chief, Chas. J. Buckbee, re-elected. 

Snrgeon-General, Dr. James L. Watson, New York. 

Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. Jos. F. Lovering, Massachusetts. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Alabama, Geo. E. Spencer ; California, C. Mason Kinne ; Con- 
necticut, Edward AY. Marsh ; Illinois, J. J. Palmer ; Maine, John 
D. My rick ; Massachusetts, Jacob Silloway, Jr.; Maryland, T. AY. 
Dew ; Minnesota, Albert Sheffer ; New Hampshire, Levi L. Aid- 
rich ; New Jersey, Jos. C. Lee ; New York, Henry C. Perley ; Ohio, 
Thos. C. Boone ; Pennsylvania, Marriott Brosius ; Potomac, Geo. 
Edgar Corson ; Rhode Island, Charles C. Gray ; Yermont, Geo. 
J. Stannard ; Yirginia, Wni. Rider ; Wisconsin, H. B. Harshaw. 

UNOFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS. 

Lender the management of the Committee of Arrangements, 
the members of the National Enccimpment and otlier invited 
guests, met at the Hall of Post 2, on the morning of July 1, and 
were taken in carriages to Fairmount Park, where breakfast was 
served at Belmont Mansion. 

Commander-in-Chief. Hartranft presided at the breakfast, as- 
sisted by Colonel O. C. Bosbyshell, Chairman of the Committee. 

The breakfast, served in approved style, was made the more 
enjoyable by the morning ride in the Park, After breakfast. Gen- 
eral Hartranft expressed the gratification of the comrades of the 
State, in welcoming to Philadelphia the representatives of the 
soldiers and sailors of the nation. 

Toasts were given and responded to as follows : 

1. Our Country. Coniriule llonvce Biniiey Sargent, Massjichusetts. 

2. The (j rand Arm;/ of till Rcpithlic. Comrade 3Iarriott Hrosius, Pennsylvania. 

3. Pldlaibiphvi and the. ('intinninl h'.rhif/iti<>n. Geneml Hobcrt Patterson. 

4. The American .'soldier, (-'omnide .lames Tanner, New York. 
.'). 0«;" Inrnti'd GueHtn. Hon. W. E. Littleton, of Pliiladelpliia. 

0. Tlie Prcisa. Frank Wells, Esq., Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. 



Administration of John ¥. Hartranft. 171 

Comrade James L. Farley, of New York, recited Lis beautiful 
and thrilling poem, " Memories of Camp Life," and Comrade Geo. 
B. Squires, Assistant Adjutant-General of New York, recited the 
poem entitled, " The Return of the Standards," written bj General 
Horace Binney Sargent. 

THE PARADE. 

The third of July was devoted to a parade of the Order. 

The Department of Pennsylvania, under command of Com- 
mander James W. Latta of Post 1, with Staflf mounted, acted as 
escort to the Commander-in-Chief. Posts, and detachments from 
nearly all the Posts in Pennsylvania, followed in due order. 

The Department of Massachusetts was represented by Depart- 
ment Commander Horace Binney Sargent and Staff; Post 5, Lynn^ 
Post 42, Lowell, and Post 68, Boston. 

The Department of New York, Commander James Tanner and 
Staff; Post 32, New York, and detachments of other Posts. 

The Department of New Jersey, Commander E. W. Davis and 
Staff; Post 5, Camden, Post 10, Yineland. 

The Department of Maryland, Commander E. B. Tyler and 
Staff. 

A detachment of Thos. Francis Meagher Post of Hampton, 
Yirginia. 

JULY FIFTH. 

July 5th was devoted to a re-union at the Schuetzcn Park, 
when about eigli^ thousand persons sjjent a thoroughly enjoyable 
day, and there concluded the services of a notable Encampment. 



CHAPTER XV. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF HARTRANFT (SECOND 
TERM) -ELEVENTH ANNUAL SESSION, PROVIDENCE, RHODE 
ISLAND, JUNE 26, 1877. 



Headquartebs was continued in Philadelphia, with the mem- 
bers of the staff of the previous year, and John M. Yanderslice, of 
Pennsylvania, Assistant Adjutant-General, and David T, Davies, 
Aid-de-Camp at Headquarters. 

Surgeon-General Jas. L. 
Watson, of Brooklyn, New 
York, was connected with the 
38th and 13th New York Keg- 
iments, and is a veteran of 
the war with Mexico. He was 
commissioned in the Medical 
Department, and served on 
the Peninsula and again in 
Florida with the 139th and 
115th Eegiments, N. Y. Vols., 
and was afterwards ordered 
to Sherman's Army, as Sur- 
geon 17th N. Y. Yeteran Vols. 
He was afterwards placed in 
charge of the Eastern Lunatic 
Asylum, at Williamsburg, 
Yirginia, and was specially complimented by the War Dei^artment 
for his services in this position. Was mustered-out in July, 
18G5. He joined the Grand Army of the Republic in 1867, and 
is now a member of Post 10, Brooklyn. Has served as Post 
Surgeon and Medical Director of the Department, and was one 
of tlie founders of the State Soldiers Home at Bath. Ee-elected 
Surgeon-General at Providence, in 1877, and at Springfield, Mass- 
achusetts, 1878. 
L172] 




;/*"• 



Dii. J. L. Watson. 



Administration of John F. Hartranft. 



173 



Eev. Joseph F. Levering, 
Chaplain-in-Chief, was Chaplain 
of 17th Maine Vols, from Novem- 
ber 10, 1863, until June 10, 1865. 
Part of the time Chaplain Lover- 
ing was Chaplain and Recorder 
of the field hospital for 3d Divis- 
ion, 2d Army Corps. Joined the 
Grand Army of the Republic in 
1867, Post No. 2, Concord, New 
Hampshire ; was Post Chaplain 
and Chaplain of the Department ; 
transferred to Post 71, Water- 
town, Massachusetts, and was 
Post Chaplain and Post Com- 
mander ; Chaplain of Depart- 
ment of Massachusetts, 1876-1877; 

served as Chaplain-in-Chief from June 30, 1876, until June 11, 
1881. Is now a member of Geo. H. Ward Post No. 10, at Worces- 
ter, and is pastor of the Congregational Church. 




Rev. J. 



F. LoVERING. 



ELEVENTH ANNUAL SESSION. 

The National Encampment met in the Armory of the First 
Light Infantry, Providence, Rhode Island, June 26th, 1877, Com- 
mander-in-Chief John F. Hartranft, presiding. 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

Assistant Adjutant-General Vanderslice ; Emerson Stone, Mas- 
sachusetts; Edwin Metcalf, Rhode Island; S. A. Oliver, New Hamp- 
shire ; Chas. H. Hawley, Connecticut. 



OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief John F. Hartranft, 
Surgeon-General Jas. L. Watson. 
Chaplain-in-Chief Jos. F. Lovering. 
Adjutant-General Robert B. Beath. 
Quartermaster-General William Ward. 
Judge-Advocate-General W. W. Douglas. 



174 Grand Army of the Republic. 

council of administration. 

Henry Huss, Connecticut ; T. W. Dew, Maryland ; Jacob Sil- 
loway, Jr., Massachusetts ; L. L. Aldrich, Xew Hampshire ; W. J. 
Buckley, New Jersey ; Henry C. Perley, New York ; Thos. C. 
Boone, Ohio ; E. B. Young, Pennsylvania ; Geo. E. Corson, Poto- 
mac ; Chas. C. Gray, Rhode Island. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Connecticut, 8 ; Maine, 3 ; Massachusetts, 16 ; New Hamp- 
shire, 4 ; New Jersey, 8 ; New York, 15 ; Ohio, 4 ; Pennsylvania, 
16 ; Potomac, 7 ; Rhode Island, 12 ; Vermont, 2 ; Virginia, 1. 12 
Departments ; 96 Department Officers and Representatives. 

Commander-in-Chief Hartranft, in his address, said : 

At the close of another year we meet to review the past and take counsel for the 
future. An organization which draws its members from one generation must soon 
pass away. The graves we decorated this year were more than we decorated before, 
but the living have closed the gaps in our ranks, and the Grand Army still presents an 
unbroken front to its silent foe. Under that enemy's fire our line will melt away, and 
our reserves must, in time, be exhausted. But that time has not yet come; the muster- 
roll is still full. Rising from tlie mists of battle, the sun of the Order still climbs to 
the zenith, and its splendor is undiminished. The clouds of doubt and distrust have 
been dispelled, and many who hesitated to join us, from suspicion of our motives, 
or fears of being misunderstood, now swell the ranks of good fellowship, and tind 
delight in the revival of old associations, and comfort in the companionship and 
support of old comrades. 

One fact established by the war, is inspiriting to every lover of free institutions. 
It proved that our nation could rely upon the patriotism and gallantry of its people. 
It .solvetl the problem of a strong free government, abolished standing armies except 
as a police, and returned to the old days of a nation in arms without falling into an- 
archy on the one hand, or despotism on the other. 

It was also taken for granted that the discipline of the ctunp unfitted tlie indivichial 
for peaceful life. If arms were our profession there might be some ground for such 
a belief. But war was an incident of our careers; we were soldiers as part of our 
duty as citizen.s. I do not think a man is a worse citizen for having been a good soldier. 
On the contrary, I think he is the better for it. The promptness with which our 
people took up arms, their courage and lidelity in the field, the ease and safety with 
wliieii they were disbanded, and tlie alacrity with whi(;h they resumed their civil pur- 
suits, have often been referred to with .surprise and admiration. But there is another 
fact not the le.ss admirable and surprising. The soldiers of the South, who know the 
cost of disloyalty and the futility of their principles, have also been the better citizens 
of that section. They have gone to work with accustomed energy and fidelit}', having 
learned to respect the convictions of others and patiently to submit to the will of the 
majority. On the other hand, the most pestilent classes of the South have been the 
non-combatant.s. The men of war promptly moulded their swords into pruning hooks, 
and their .spears into i)lowshares; but the profes.sed men of peace fanned the embers 



Administration of John F. Hartranft. 175 

of hate and have labored to keep alive the passions and prejudices of the past. It is 
evident that the olive branch in the South has been twined around the swords that 
vi'ere surrendered at Appomattox and Greensboro. 

What this generation fought for and secured may be gradually lost by the negli- 
gence, self-interest and the indifference of succeeding generations. Another genera- 
tion may have to fight over the same ground and for the same objects; but all will 
not be lost; they will win the easier because it has been once won. 

Nevertheless, comrades, though this war was fought upon so plain an is.sue, it was 
fought in faith, in hope and in charity. We entered the contest with a loyal faith in 
the principles and institutions established by our fathers, we fought for four years, 
animated and .sustained by the hopes of victory, and we laid down the sword in the 
hour of triumph " with malice toward none and charity for all." Upon that platform 
we still stand, loyal to our nation, hopeful of its future and charitable to its foes. On 
the latter we would impose no restrictions which freemen ought not to endure, or ask 
any submission which freemen ought not to give; we simply ask that they give up the 
pistol and the lash, concede free speech, a free press and free votes, and submit to the 
decision of the ballot. More than these we do not ask, and the contest will go on, in 
peace or war, until they are secured of all men. 

Our organization, then, is founded upon loyalty to the country. Beyond that it 
has no political signilicance. Beyond that it is an association of men, who have par- 
ticipated in the same victories and defeats, who have the same convictions and hopes, 
common memories and mutual sympathies. It is intended to perpetuate old friend- 
ships, to revive old memories, and for the mutual support and assistance of old com- 
rades. 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

The report of Adjutant-General Beath showed the follow- 



ing 



Added during the year : 

By Muster-in 5,514 

" Transfer 354 

" Reinstatement 2,535 

Total 8,393 

Lo-sses : 

By Death 326 

" Honorable discharge 302 

' ' Transfer 426 

" Suspension 5,035 

" Dropped from rolls 2,179 

Total 8,268 



BADGES. 

To protect the Order against the improper manufacture of 
badges or use of the design without authority, on the expiration 
of the patent in December last, which could not be renewed, 
letters patent, for the use of the design as a trade-mark, were 



176 Grand Army of the Republic. 

taken out in the name of Comrade Jos. K. Davison, manufac- 
turing jeweler, Philadelphia, for the use only of the Grand Army. 

Comrade Geo. E. Corson, Washington, D. C, of the National 
Council, saved us considerable expense and annoyance by giving 
his personal attention to securing the necessary papers. 

The report of the Special Committee on Badges, appointed 
in pursuance of the action of the last Encampment, would be pre- 
sented. 

Quartermaster-General Ward reported the cash and assets on 
hand as 84,691.98, an increase during the year of about $700. 

Surgeon-General Jas. L. Watson presented an interesting clas- 
sification, covering 4,351 cases of wounds and disability. 

Reports of Judge-Advocate-General W. W. Douglas and In- 
spector-General W. F. Rogers were also presented in print. 

Chaplain-in-Chief Lovering, in his address, said : 

bo far as the faith and morals of the Grand Army of the Republic are concerned, 
I have this to say : 

Its faith has its religion, and its religion has the devout obedience of every worthy 
member of our Order. I do not refer to any religion, sectarian or universal, liberal or 
conservative. Christian or Pagan, as such. Whatever disputes there may be outside 
of our organization concerning them do not affect us. Religion means "bond." The 
highest religion casts out all spirit of fear and makes its " bond " that of love. Our 
religion, within the terms of our organization, claims that highest bond. It is perme- 
ated, it is saturated with the spirit of that love. That love is love of co\mtry. That 
reli"-ion is the religion of patriotism. Its altars are the graves of the unforgotten and 
heroic. Its symbol is the flag of our Union. Its priests are all those, within its or 
ganization, who confess to this soldierly creed — 

I believe in a fraternity which joins in indissoluble union, justice and right; 

I believe in a charity that, while merciful to a conquered foe, does not stultify 
itself by surrendering the fruits of victory; that never forgets the brightness of tiiat 
cause which has been made illustrious by the heroic sacrifices of those whose graves 
should be the shrines of the nation's reverence; 

I believe in loyalty that acknowledges one country and one flag; that makes 
American citizenship honorable everywhere; that calls rebellion a crime, and the pen- 
alty of trea.son death ; 

I believe that, in fraternity and charily, we should stand shoulder lo shoulder, 
willing at all hazard of favor or fame to defend the Grand Army of the Republic as 
the st}indard bearer of the nation's loyalty. 

As I can commend tlie faith of the Grand Army of the Republic, so I can respect 
its morals. The higiicst expression of morals is virtue, and the original significance 
of virtue is manliness. As I (!ome in contact with those now living who make our 
Order .so lionorabh-, as 1 recall those now dead, who.se memories are resplendent with 
glory, th( re can be no question in my mind as to the manliness which belongs to the 
Grand Army of the Republic. 

It is a manliness inherited from those who have recruited tlie (Jrand Army of the 
Immortals; it is a mauliucss which to-day beats in hearts which have known no throb 



Administration of John F. Hartranft, 177 

but that of courage, which looks out from eyes that have been unscarrcd by any wrath 
of war, that can be read upon the flesh in letters made by shot, or shell, or sabre 
stroke — scars that are the insignia of valor — a manliness that gives, to every man of 
our membership, however humble, permission to wear upon his breast the badge of 
the Grand Army oi the Republic. 



resolutions to general grant. 

Comrade Tanner, New York, called attention to the fact that 
General Grant would that day dine with her majesty. Queen 
Victoria, and he moved that a dispatch be cabled to General 
Grant conveying the hearty greetings of his comrades. The reso- 
lution was unanimously adopted. 

The following reply was received : 

General Hartranft, 

Commander G. A. R. 

Conveyed your message to the Queen. Thank 
my old comrades. 

Grant. 



COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

Eules, Regulations, and Ritual : — Comrades Louis AVagner, 
Pennsylvania ; G. B. Squires, New York ; E. H. Rhodes, Rhode 
Island ; J. W. Knowlton, Connecticut ; A. H. G. Richardson, 
Potomac. 

The report of the Judge- Advocate-General was referred to this 
committee. 

Report of Adjutant-General : — J. F. Meech, Massachusetts ; J. 
H. Goulding, Vermont ; O. C. Bosbyshell, Pennsylvania ; C. B. 
Jenness, New Hampshire ; I. B. Stevens, Ohio. 

Resolutions : — Wm. Earnshaw, Ohio ; J. W. Latta, Pennsyl- 
vania ; Jas. Tanner, New York ; H. R. Sibley, Massachusetts ; F. 
H. Sprague, Potomac. 

Report of Quartermaster-General : — J. L. Farley, New York ; 
J. A. G. Richardson, Massachusetts ; G. E. Corson, Potomac ; F. 
W. Sullivan, New Jersey ; W. Pitt Moses, New Hampshire. 

Report of Surgeon-General : — H. R. Barker, Rhode Island ; J. 
C. J. Langbein, New York ; D. Branson, Pennsylvania ; F. C. 
Smith, Vermont ; A. C. Hamlin, Maine. 
13 



178 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

Report of Inspector-General : — Wilson F. Smith, New Jersey ; 
C. C. lloyce, Potomac ; A. M. Boweu, Rhode Island ; W. B. Lap- 
ham, Maine ; J. J. Wilson, Virginia. 

REPORTS or COMMITTEES. 

The Committee on the Report of Adjutant-General Robert B. 
Beath passed upon the several subjects therein referred to, and 
concluded thus : 

The Committee desires in conclusion to bear testimony to the fidelity with which 
Comrade Beath has discharged the duties appertaining to the office of Adjutant-Gen- 
eral, and unanimously recommend the appointment of a committee to procure and 
present to him on behalf of the National Encampment, a suitable testimonial exhibit- 
ing its appreciation of his valuable service to the Order. 

On Report of Surgeon-General Jas, L. Watson : 

The report shows careful research and study in this peculiar branch of our Order, 
and we cannot too highly commend our Surgeon-General for the statistical informa- 
tion therein embraced. It shows the woik of a painstaking otficer. The report shows 
that the number of comrades reported, embracing (15) fifteen separate Departments, 
to be 4,351. 

The Committee unite in the recommendations of the Surgeon-General, that De- 
partments should report not only more promptly, but that every State and Provisional 
Department should be heard from. 

RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

No propositions of importance were before this committee. 
They oifered resolutions of thanks to Judge-Advocate-General W. 
W. Douglas, " who for six years has served the Grand Army of the 
Republic with unswerving integrity, constant zeal, and conspicu- 
ous ability, which merit and receive the grateful regard of every 
comrade of the Order, therefore : 

Resolved, That the Commander-in-Chief be requested to appoint a committee of 
three to procure a suitable testimonial to present to Couirade Douglas, as a memorial 
of his services and our affectionate regard." 

The recommendations of the committee were unanimously 
adopted, and a gold watch was afterwards presented to Comrade 
Douglas. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

The Committee on Resolutions reported the resolution of the 
preceding Encampment urging Congress to pass the bill for the 
equalization of bounties. 



Administration of John F. Hartranft. 179 

Attention was called to the meaning of Memorial Day : " That 
the Grand Army of the Republic seeks thus to preserve the mem- 
ories of those only who fought in defense of the National Unity." 

The following were also adopted unanimously : 

Whereas, The National Encampment, as a body, and its members, individually, 
have been the recipients of very many kind attentions from the authorities, the citizens 
and the comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic, which have largely contributed 
to our enjoyment, and will be gratefully remembered by each and every member of 
our Encampment; it is therefore 

Resolved, That our hearty thanks are hereby expressed to the Municipal Authorities 
of the city of Providence, for their very liberal reception and entertainment of this 
Encampment; to the Officers and Comrades of the Department of Rhode Island; the 
Rhode Island Veteran Association, and also to the people of this patriotic and hospi- 
table cily for the many acts of kindness we have received at their hands. 

We shall depart to our several homes with the decided conviction that, although 
their State is small, they have a breadth of patriotism and largeness of heart not ex- 
celled by even the largest of her sisters. 

Resolved, That our sincere thanks are hereby tendered to Prescott Post No. 1, for 
lighting a bright and warm camp-fire; to Slocum Post No. 10, for an escort to the 
Commander-in-Chief; to the First Light Infantry Regiment, for the use of their ar- 
mory; to the following comrades of Prescott Post No. 1, for faithful and soldierly 
service as Guard — W. J. Bradford, Officer of the Day; W. H. Chenery, Officer of the 
Guard, and Lemuel Field, Gilbert Wilson, R. Sherman, E. O. Shepardson, A. A. 
Fanning, Orrin Mowry, R. R. Lindsay, C. R. Barbor and G. K. Davis, sentinels; and 
to all others who have in any way contributed to our comfort and enjoyment. 

Resolved, That the National Encampment recognizes the faithful and efficient ser- 
vices of Comrade William Ward. Quartermaster-General, and hereby tenders to the 
comrade their unfeigned and hearty thanks, with the best wishes of the National En- 
campment for his future prosperity. 

The following was adopted unanimously : 

Resolved, That the Grand Army of the Republic tender their grateful and mo.st re- 
spectful thanks to Commander-in-Chief John F. Hartranft, for the distinguished 
courtesy, dignity and discretion, with which he has exercised his high duties. It is 
our pride and our pleasure to remember that the soldierly fame which has endeared 
hill to his native State, and merited the grateful sentiments of the Nation, is entwined 
with our affectionate regard and respect for him as comrade and Commander-in-Chief 
of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, John C. Robinson, New York. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Elisha H. Rhodes, Rhode 
Island. 

Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, William Earnshaw, Ohio. 
Surgeon-General, Dr. Jas. L. Watson, re-elected. 
Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. Jos. F. Lovering, re-elected. 



18;) Grand Army of the Republic. 



COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 



California, J. C. Medley ; Connecticut, Henry Huss ; Illinois, 
E. W. Chamberlain ; Maine, J. B. Cilley ; Maryland, J. Kaufman ; 
Massachusetts, Jacob Silloway, Jr. ; Minnesota, Albert SchefFer ; 
Nebraska, R. H. Wilbur ; New Hampshire, L. L. Aldrich ; New 
Jersey, W. J. Buckley ; New York, Henry C. Perley ; Ohio, Thos. 
C. Boone ; Pennsylvania, W. B. Jones ; Potomac, C. C. Royce ; 
Rhode Island, Fred. A. Arnold ; Vermont, William Wells ; Vir- 
ginia, James F. Wilson ; Wisconsin, J. P. Luther. 

An evening session was held for the exemplification of the un- 
written work, by officers and members of Post No. 2, Philadel- 
phia. 

HOSPITALITIES. 

Commander-in-Chief Hartranft was escorted to Providence by 
Posts 2 and 5, of Philadelj)hia. They were received in New York 
city by Department Commander James Tanner, and Posts of that 
city. They were received at Providence by Prescott Post No. 1 
and Slocum Post No. 10, and escorted to Headquarters. 

Later in the day the members of the Encampment assembled 
in the Light Infantry Armory, where Mayor Doyle, President 
Fisher, of the Board of Aldermen, and President Robinson, of the 
Common Council, were present and extended a hearty welcome to 
the Grand Army of the Republic. 

Responses were made by General Hartranft and General Burn- 
side. 

The Encampment was afterwards entertained on board the 
steamer Rhode Island by invitation of the municipal authorities 
of Providence. 

During the sail on the river and bay, which occupied several 
hours, the members partook of a bountiful collation. 

On Thursday, over 2(),0()() persons were present at a clam-bake 
at Rocky Point, President Hayes and members of his Cabinet be- 
ing also guests. 

Pr<;sc()tt Post No. 1 entertained the visitors at a Camp-fire 
arranged on a grand scale and most successfully carried out in all 
its details. Colonel C. Henry Barney acted as chairman, and ad- 
dresses were made by Governor Van Zandt, General Hartranft, 
General J. C. Robinson, Honorable H. B. Anthony, Corporal 
James Tan.H'r, C]i,ii)l;Lin Earnshaw, General Horatio Rogers, 



Administration of John F. Hartranft. 181 

General E. H. Rhodes. Captain Geo. B. Squires, New York, re- 
cited " Only a Common Soldier." During the evening Commander 
J. M. Vanderslice on behalf of Post 2, Philadelphia, presented 
General Hartranft with an elegant souvenir of the occasion, and 
Comrade Chas. F. Kennedy, of Post 2, presented Prescott Post 
with a handsome ballot-box, made in the form of a miniature 
cannon. 

A banquet was also given the visitors by the city of Provi- 
dence. After dinner, addresses were made by Mayor Doyle, Coun- 
cilman Arthur F. Dexter, Rev. J. F. Behrends, Bayard Taylor, 
Dr. W. F. Palmer, Assistant Adjutant-General, Vanderslice and a 
number of others. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF JOHN C. ROBINSON 
—TWELFTH ANNUAL SESSION, SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHU- 
SETTS, JUNE 4, 1878. 



Comm-\nder-in-Chief Robinson established Headquarters iu 
Xe-vv York city, with the following staff : 

Adjutant-General, Jas. L. Farley, NeAv York. 

Quartermaster-General, AYilliam Ward, New Jersey. 

Judge-Advocate-General, William Cogswell, Massachusetts. 

Inspector-General, William F. Rogers, New York. 

Assistant Adjutant-General, Harvey B. Denison, New York. 

Inspector-General Rogers resigned his position in March, 1879, 
having been elected Commander of the Department of New York, 
and he was succeeded by Matthew Hall, Pennsylvania. 

General John C. Robinson, Commander-in-Chief, was gradu- 
ated from the United States Military Academy, and was commis- 
sioned Second Lieutenant, 5th Infantry, October 27, 1839. In 
1857 he Avas in active service against the Indians in Florida. Was 
appointed Colonel, 1st Michigan Yqlunteers, September 1, 1861, 
and Brigadier-General, U. S. V., April 23, 1862 ; brevetted Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel, U. S. A., to date July 1, 1863, for gallant services 
at Gettysburg ; brevetted Colonel, U. S. A., May 5, 1864, for gal- 
lant services in the Wilderness ; brevetted Major-General, U. S. V., 
June 27, 1864, for gallant and meritorious services during the war ; 
brevetted Brigadier-General, U. S. A., March 16, 1865, for gallant 
services at Spottsylvania, and brevetted Major-General, U. S. A., 
March 13, 1865, for gallant and meritorious services in the field 
during the war. He was a brigade commander in the battles of 
Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Bristoe 
Station, Second Bull Run, Chantilly and Fredericksburg, and 
commanded a Division at the second battle of Fredericksburg, 
Chancellorsville, Gettysl)urg, The Wilderness, Spottsylvania and 
Todd's Tavern. While leading his Division in the latter engage- 
[182] 



Administration of John C*. Robinson. 



183 



ment, he Avas badl}' wounded in the knee, resulting in the amputa- 
tion of his left leg. After the war he held important military as- 
signments, until retired as Major-General, May 6, 1869. 

He resides at Binghamton, New York, and has always taken an 
active interest in the Grand Army of the Republic. Was De- 
partment Commander of New York, 1870. He served one term 
as Lieutenant-Governor of New York. 



General Elislia H. Rhodes, 
Senior Vice-Commander-iu- 
Chief, entered the service, 
June 5, 1861, as Corporal, '2d 
Rhode Island Volunteer In- 
fantry, and was successively 
promoted to Sergeant-Ma- 
jor, Second Lieutenant, First 
Lieutenant, Adjutant and 
Captain, and was in com- 
mand of his Regiment from 
June 5, 1864, until its muster- 
out, July 28, 1865 ; brevetted 
Major, U. S. V., December 5, 
1861, " for gallant and meri- 
torious conduct at the bat- 
tle of "Winchester, Septem- 
ber 19, 1864, and for his 

habitual good conduct and deportment on all the battle-fields 
of the campaign before Richmond, Virginia ; " Lieutenant-Col- 
onel, January 31, 1865 ; brevetted Colonel, U. S. V., April 2, 1865, 
"for gallant and meritorious services before Petersburg;" Col- 
onel, July 18, 1865. 

He was a charter member of Prescott Post No. 1, Providence, 
April 12, 1867 ; Post Adjutant, 1867 ; member Department Coun- 
cil of Administration, 1867 ; Post Commander, 1868 and 1869 ; 
Assistant Adjutant-General, Department of Rhode Island, 1871; 
Department Commander, 1872 and 1873 ; Brigadier-General, com- 
manding Rhode Island Militia, 1879, and is still in command. 




Genebal E. H. Rhodes. 



Rev. Wm. Earnshaw, Junior Vice-Commander-iu-Chief. (For 
biography and portrait see Chapter XVIII.) 



184 



Grand Army of the Kepublic. 




Dr. J. L. Farley. 



Dr. James L. Farley, 
Adjutant - General, w a s 
born in Brooklyn in 1836. 
At the age of 21 he gradu- 
ated from the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons 
of NcAv York, and began 
practicing in Brooklyn. 
In 1857 he became resi- 
dent physician at the Flat- 
bush Hospital. He en- 
tered the service April 18, 
1861, as Assistant Sur- 
geon, 14th N.Y. S. M. (81th 
N. Y. Vols.). In 1862 he 
was promoted to Surgeon, 
and in 1863 was brevetted 
Lieutenant-Colonel U. S. 
Volunteers. He resigned on account of ill-health, September, 
1863. In 1864 he returned to the 14th Regiment as Surgeon, 
and held that position at the time of his death. He was fond of 
literary wort and the stage, and had committed to memory more 
than a thousand different pieces for recitation. 

He joined Rankin Post No. 10, Brooklyn, June 22, 1869, and 
served as Post Surgeon and as Commander. He was Assistant 
Adjutant-General, Department of New York, 1868, 1869 and 1870. 
He died in Brooklyn, March 9, 1886, and the funeral was attended 
by very large numbers of his old comrades of the 14th Regiment, 
and of the veteran organization of the same, of which he was an 
active member. Delegations from the Grand Army of tlie Repub- 
lic, Masonic fraternity. Knights of Honor and Sons of Temperance 
also attended. 

General William Cogswell, Judge-Advocate-General, was born 
in Bradford, Massachusetts, August 23, 1838. Graduated at the 
Law School of Harvard University, July, 1860. Enlisted May 11, 
1861, as Captain, Company C, 2d Massachusetts Infantry ; pro- 
moted Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel ; brevetted Brigadier-Gen- 
eral U. S. v., December 16, 1864 ; commanded 3d Brigade, 2d Di- 
vision, 20th Army Corps. Served in the Shenandoah Valley under 
General Banks ; in Virginia under General Pope, and afterwards 



Administration of John C. Robinson. 



185 



in the Army of the Poto- 
mac until ordered West, 
where he served under 
Thomas and Sherman. 
Participated in the March 
to the Sea and the clos- 
ing events in North Car- 
olina. Mustered - out, 
July 25, 1865. 

He has since served 
five years as Mayor of 
Salem, five years as a 
member of the House of 
Representatives, and two 
years in the State Senate. 
Elected Member of Con- 
gress, 1886. A member 
of Post 34, Salem, sines 




General Wm. Cogswell. 



its organization. Served one term as 



Department Commander of Massachusetts. 



TWELFTH ANNUAL SESSION. 

The National Encampment met in Springfield, Massachusetts, 
June 4, 1878. The members were escorted to the Armory of the 
Peabody Guard by that body, and the City Guard of Springfield, 
the local Posts, and Posts and detachments from Connecticut, 
New York and Pennsylvania. Captain S. C. Warriner, Marshah 

An address of welcome was made by Hon. Emerson Wight, 
Mayor of Springfield, which was responded to by Commander-in- 
Chief Robinson. 



OFFICERS PRESENT. 



Commander-in-Chief John C. Robinson. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Elisha H. Rhodes. 
Adjutant-General James L. Farley. 
Quartermaster-General William Ward. 
Inspector-General Matthew Hall. 
Surgeon-General James L. Watson, M. D, 
Chaplain-in-Chief Jos. F. Lovering. 



186 Grand Akmy of the IIepublic. 

council of administration. 

Henry Huss, Coiuiocticut ; E. AV. Cliamberlaiu, Illinois ; J. P. 
Cilley, Maine ; Jacob Silloway, Jr., Massachusetts ; W. J. Buckley, 
New Jersej' ; L. L. Aldrich; New Hampshire ; W. B. Jones, Penn- 
sylvania ; C. C. Royce, Potomac ; C. Henry Barney, Rhode Island. 



DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Connecticut, 8 ; Illinois, 1; Maine, 5 ; Maryland, 1; Massachu- 
setts, 13 ; Nebraska, 1 ; New Hampshire, 5 ; New Jersey, 6 ; New 
York, 14 ; Ohio, 3 ; Pennsylvania, 12 ; Potomac, 3 ; Rhode Island, 
10 ; Vermont, 3. Departments, 1-4 ; Department Officers and 
Representatives, 85. 

Commander-in-Chief Robinson, in his address, said : 

The annual reports show that the Order is in as healthy and flourishing a condi- 
tion as can reasonably be expected. While in some sections of the country comrades 
have been inactive and wanting in energy, and there has been a falling off. in others 
there has been renewed life and spirit, a disposition to labor earnestly in the cause, 
followed naturally by an increase of membership and a determination to make the 
Grand Arnij', as it should be, a power in the land, by enrolling in its ranks every 
worth}', honorably discharged, soldier and sailor who served in the army and navy 
of the United States during the war for the jircservation of the Union. 

At no time since its organization has the Grand Army of the Hepublic occupied 
so high and proud a position as to-day. The charge, so long and persistently made, 
of its being a political organization, is no longer heard. We hav(> outlived prejudice 
and overcome opposition. People have seen our good works and become satisfied 
that we are connected with no party or .sect ; that we are what we profess to be, a 
fraternal, charital)le, and loyal association ; that among the men who have faced a 
common danger, toiled together on the long and weary march, drank from the same 
canteen, bivouacked under the same blanket, stood shoulder to shoulder in the shock 
of battle there exists a fraternal feeling that can be found no where else; that our 
charity is not contined but extends to all our former companions in arms, and to all 
widows and orphans of those who wore the blue; that our loyally consists in a deter- 
mination to preserve the Union of the States, and to uphold the Hag of our country 
as the emblem of universal liberty, equal rights and justice to all men. 

During the present session of Congress a bill has been introduced, providing that 
all the pensions on account of death or disability from service in the Union army, 
that have been or may hereafter be gr.uited, shall begin with the deatli or discharge 
of the soldier. Struck with the justness of this measure, I immediately brought it to 
the attenlif)n of Department Commanders, hoping tliat action by the several Depart- 
ment Encampments might have an important bearing on its success. 

CJrcat injustice has l)een done to our disabled comrades, and to the widows and 
orphans (who are our wards), by the great delay in granting pensions to those who 
are by law justly entitled to them. Applications Jiave laid, perhaps years, before 
being acted upon, and then, when reached, it has frecpiently happened that they have 
been sent back for the eorrection of some error or informality, and ha\c liad to go 



Administration of John C. Kobinson. 187 

to the bottom of the list, waiting again for months or years before being reached and 
acted upon. The objections raised against this measure arc, that it grants pensions 
for years when they have not been asked for, and that it would necessitate the pay- 
ment of millions out of the treasury. During the war of the rebellion it Avas said the 
country could never reward its soldiers sufficiently. Now, when soldiers are no 
longer needed, our crippled and disabled comrades, the widow and the orphan, are to 
be refused necessary relief because of the expense, — as though the services of the 
men who saved the Union could be requited by a few millions of dollars. 

Stirring events within the last twelve months have brought the Grand Army into 
greater prominence than ever, proving that our organization is as ready and willing 
now to take up arms in the cause of law and order, as it was to crush treason and re- 
bellion in the past. A seeming conflict between capital and labor was taken advan- 
tage of by a lawless and turbulent element, incited, by the hope of plunder, to the 
commission of arson and murder. Many lives were sacrificed, and millions of prop- 
erty were destroyed. State authorities were unable to restore order, and the aid of 
the general government was invoked. At the commencement of the difficulty, I tel- 
egraphel to the president of the United States. " The Grand Army of the Republic, 
an organization composed exclusively of veterau soldiers and sailors, can, if necessary, 
furnish thousands of vohmteers for the restoration and preservation of order.' At 
the same time some of our Posts offered their service to the State authorities, which 
in a few cases were accepted. The knowledge that a strong organization of tried 
veteran soldiers stood ready to resume their arms to enforce obedience to the laws, 
did much to restore order and insure quiet to the disturbed districts. While this or- 
ganization, true to its principles, will advocate justice and equal rights, it will dis- 
countenance every attempt at anarchy or insurrection. 

Our Order is now firmly established upon the best and surest foundations. It has 
secured the respect and good will of all. Let us continue to merit the good opinion 
of mankind by pursuing closely the path we have marked out, laboring earnestly for 
the extension and perpetuation of our Order, by keeping fresh and green the fraternal 
feeling that binds us together as soldiers and sailors of the Republic, by disinterested 
and liberal charity, and that loyalty to the Union, born of pure and lofty patriotism. 



MEMORIAL DAY. 

In the order relative to Memorial Day, the Commander-in- 
Chief had expressed his regret that it was necessary to remind some 
of the comrades that the day is sacred to the memory of our heroic 
dead, and that it is not, in any sense, a time for pleasure, excursions, 
or merry-making of any kind. He called upon all right-minded 
members of the Order, and those who sympathize with us, to pre- 
vent, by any and all means in their power, any attempt to use the 
day for any other purpose than that for which it was instituted. 

REPORTS OF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General Jas. L. Farley presented his report, showing 
as follows : 



188 Grand Army of the Bepublic. 

During the year 1877 there were added — 

By .Muster-in ...... 5,676 

" Transfer, ..---.- 284 

" Reinstatement, ..... 3,196 



9,156 



During the year there were lost — 

By Dcjith, 293 

" Honorable Discharge, ...... 237 

" Transfer, - - - - - - - 417 

" Suspension, ...... 7,493 

" Dropped, 500 



8,940 

Making a net gain of 216 members, against a net loss last year of 1,090. 
A detailed statement has been prepared of the condition of each Department as 

compared with the previous year. 

It will show that while the large Departments (except Pennsylvania) have fallen 

off, many of the smaller ones have gained. 

He referred to the difficulties met during the year in the man- 
ufacture of the new cannon-metal badge, and said the thanks of 
the Encampment were due Comrade Jos. K. Davison, of Philadel- 
phia, for his labors in the matter. 4,fi96 badges had been issued. 

Among the notable occurrences of the term were : 

The Reunion of the Department of Vermont, at Bennington, 
on the anniversary of the battle, and of the Department of New 
Jersey, August 29, at Jersey City. 

The Parade of the Department of Massachusetts on the occasion 
of the dedication of the Soldiers' Monument at Boston, September 
17 (Antietam Day), when 6,719 comrades were in line. 

The Parade of the Posts of Philadelphia on the anniversary of 
Germantown, October 4. 

The Parade of the Department of Pennsylvania at the Perma- 
nent Exhibition Building, to celebrate the eleventh anniversary of 
that Department, when 3,000 comrades, in uniform, were reviewed 
by Commander-in-Chief Robinson, in company with Governor 
Hartranft, General McClellan, and other distinguished gentle- 
men. 

The recent Reunion of the Department of Kansas, at Fort 
Leavenworth. 

All these, besides providing enjoyment for those who partici- 
pated, reflected great credit upon the Order. 

Quartermaster-General Ward presented the financial accounts, 
showing net assets, $4,533.11. 



Administration of John C. Robinson. 189 

Inspector-General Matthew Hall gave a brief synopsis of the 
Inspection Reports, showing the condition and prospects of the 
various Departments. 

He recommended more care in the appointment of Assistant 
Inspectors, as much of the delay in securing full reports was 
caused by the carelessness and inefficiency of many of those ap- 
pointed. 

Judge-Advocate-General William Cogswell presented, in print, 
the opinions given in fifteen cases referred to him during the year. 

Surgeon-General James L. Watson, presented a very inter- 
esting report from thirteen Departments : — Connecticut, Illinois, 
Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Mountain, Nebraska, New 
Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Potomac, Rhode Island, Vermont. 

Some of these reports are very good, the best being from Rhode Island, Massa- 
chusetts, Connecticut and Pennsylvania ; and the Medical Directors of these Depart- 
ments merit special commendation for the faithful attention to, and excellent per- 
formance of, their duties. 

The whole number of comrades reported as disabled— «» addition to those reported 
last year — is one thousand six hundred and twenty-seven; of these, two are reported 
as having, from wounds or other causes, lost both eyes ; and eighteen have each lost 
one eye ; thirty-two have suffered amputation of left arm ; twenty -nine, right arm ; 
one, both hands; two, both arms; twenty-seven, left leg; twenty -nine, right leg; five 
are sulTering from pneumonia ; thirty-three are ruptured; twenty -three, paralyzed; 
eighteen are deaf, and sixty-three are blind or partially so. 

Of the comrades reported, eleven hundred and thirt^^-one are natives of the United 
States ; one hundred and fifty-four are from Ireland ; one hundred and thirty -four 
from Germany ; one hundred and eight from England and British Provinces, and 
one hundred of other nationalities, and unclassified. 

Chaplain-in-Chief Lovering recommended two measures for 
the increase of our organization : 

1. A more cordial and vigorous support of our Grand Army journals. Not a 
single number of any paper published in the interests of our Fraternity can be read 
without a keen sense of its deserts and of the justice with which every claim is made 
for generous assistance. 

2. More enthusiastic activity in recruiting our ranks. In certain sections of our 
country, for instance, whose fame for loyalty is more than national, among whose 
hosts promoted to immortality is the name of Thomas, and among whose captains 
immortal by brevet, whose full commission awaits their acceptance, is the illustrious 
name of Grant, our present membership by no means adequately represents — in num- 
bers—the veterans of our civil war. It seems eminently fitting that an effort should 
be made to recruit our ranks and awaken such an interest in the Grand Army of the 
Republic that it shall be a matter of serious question when any soldier, claiming to 
have earned a good record, confesses his name is not on our roster. 

All this, naturally, inevitably results from the enshrined memories, soldierly 



190 (JuANi) Ak.my of the Hepublic. 

worth and active loyalty belonging to the Grand Arm}-. Our present and our future 
are indissolubly united with the past. The names of those who till our ranks to day, 
however illustrious, fade before the renown of those who have been promoted. Their 
deeds ai'e our hvat sources of inspiration to wakeful vigilance and untarnished honor. 
Thtir graves are the altars of our patriotism, and as we look upon them or gather 
about them, we may, as if we repeated a cluu'ch litany, in serious and humble rever- 
ence say : 

From all ingratitude to the heroic sacrilice of the past— good Lord deliver us. ' 

From all forgetfulness of that brave and loyal manhood by which the Union was 
preserved, and the Constitution of the United States vindicated — good Lord dL- 
liver us. 

From any lack of zeal, from any hesitation of purpose, from any timidity of faith 
in a final victory of a stalwart and valorous patriotism over the spirit of treacherous 
compromise and sentimental concession, which are but other names for treason, 
privy conspiracy and national wrong— good Lord deliver us. 

While to such litany let there be added these questions and responses: On what 
rests the hope of the Republic '! One country and one flag. How may that country 
be preserved and that flag be kept unsullied ? By eternal vigilance, which is the 
price of liberty. 

One country! One flag! Eternal vigilance the price of liberty! These are the 
great commandments of the Grand Army of the Kepublic. These unite to form the 
supreme law of a self-sacrificing and heroic patriotism. 

God of the nation! As in the past Thou didst grant to the grand army of immor- 
tals obedience unto death, so unto us of the Grand Army of the Republic, in what- 
ever need, in peace or war, for Thy cause which is our country's, incline our hearts 
to keep this law. 



COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Report of the Adjutant-General : — C. J. Richards, New 
Hampshire ; F. A, Arnold, Rhode Island ; Paul Van Dervoort, 
Nebraska ; Jas. F. Meech, Massachusetts ; Chas. E. Fowler, Con- 
necticut. 

On Report of the Quartermaster-General : — J. H. Goulding, 
Vermont ; H. H. Thomas, Illinois ; J. Mueller, New Jersey ; E. 
Jardine, New York ; M. J). Townseud, Ohio. 

On Report of the Inspector-General :— J. M. Vanderslice, Penn- 
sylvania; J. J. McCardy, Minnesota; E. W. Chamberlain, Illi- 
nois ; ^V. J. P>nckley, New Jersey ; Oscar Smith, New York. 

On Report of the Judge-Advocate-General :- H. B. Sargent, 
Massacliusctts ; Jas. McC^uade, New York; F. G. Otis, Connec- 
ticut ; li. T.. AMricli, New Hampshire ; E. B. Tyler, Maryland. 

On the Report of the Surgeon-General :— Geo. E. Corson, Po- 
tomac ; Jacob Sillowav, Jr., Massachusetts ; AV. B. Jones, Pennsyl- 



Administkation of John C. Kobinson. 191 

vania ; C. B. Jeniiess, New Hampshire ; F. G. Allen, Rhode Is- 
land. 

On Rules, Regulations, and Ritual, and Resolutions : — R. B. 
Beatli, Pennsylvania ; Geo. S. Merrill, Massachusetts ; James 
Tanner, New York ; N. L. Guthrie, Ohio ; A. C. Hamlin, Maine. 

REPORTS FROM COMMITTEES. 

The Committee on Report of Surgeon-General Watson, com- 
mended his zeal and untiring industry in the discharge of his 
duties. 

The Committee on Report of Quartermaster-General William 
Ward, commended him as a most faithful and competent official. 

The Committee on Rules, Regulations, and Ritual recommended 
the preparation of a Manual for the use of officers of Posts ; to 
permit Departments, by a two-thirds vote, to constitute Past Post 
Commanders as members of such Department Encampments ; that 
all flags hoisted on Memorial Day be at half-mast. 

The Report was adopted and R. B. Beatli, Adjutant-General 
Farley and Chaplain-in-Chief Lovering were appointed the com- 
mittee to compile the Manual. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

The following were adopted : 

(1.) Appointing a committee to lay before the President a com- 
plaint relative to the refusal of the Superintendent of the U. 8. 
Buildings in Albany, to recognize the claims of veterans for pref- 
erence in employment. Comrades Tanner and Jno. Palmer, with 
Commander-in-Chief Robinson, were appointed such committee. 

(2.) Deprecating the tendency to depart from the projDer ob- 
servance of Memorial Day, and calling on members of the Order 
and all good citizens, to discourage, b}' all the means in their power, 
any desecration of the day. 

(3.) Thanks were extended to all the retiring officers ; to the 
Grand Army guard and members in Sj^ringfield ; to the public offi- 
cials and citizens for their hospitality and courtesies ; and to the 
Peabody Guard for the use of their armory. 



192 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

election of officers. 
The election resulted as follows : 

Commander-in-Chief, John C. Robinson, re-elected. 

Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Paul Van Dervoort, Ne- 
braska. 

Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, Herbert E. Hill, Massachu- 
setts. 

Surgeon-General, James L. Watson. (Third term.) 

Chaplain-in-Chief, Jos. F. Lovering. (Third term.) 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

California, Geo. A. Baxter ; Connecticut, Julius W. Knowlton ; 
Illinois, E. W. Chamberlain ; Maine, J. P. Cilley ; Maryland, Jas. 
M. Deepis ; Massachusetts, George S. Evans ; Nebraska, P. P. 
Shelby ; New Hampshire, Levi L. Aldrich ; New Jersey, William 
J. Buckley ; New York, George B. Squires ; Ohio, Thomas C. 
Boone ; Pennsylvania, William B. Jones ; Potomac, C. C. Royce ; 
Rhode Island, C. Henry Barney ; Vermont, George H. Bigelow. 

COURTESIES EXTENDED. 

On the evening of June 4, Post 2, of Philadelphia, before the 
National Encampment and visiting comrades, in numbers so great 
as to literally pack the hall, exemplified the secret work of the 
Order in a manner to call forth the praise and admiration of all 
present. 

The same evening, the members of the National Encampment 
and visiting comrades, were received and entertained by the Spring- 
field Club, at their Club House, in a style of oriental magnificence. 
Music was furnished by Brown's Brigade Band of Boston, and the 
Orchestral Club of Springfield. 

The illuminations of colored lanterns and lime lights, reflect- 
ing on the flags and other decorations, gave the scene the appear- 
ance of fairy-land. 

The House and grounds were filled with visitors to the number 
of at least a thousand. Five thousand men, women and children 
were congregated outside of the enclosure. 

The street decorations were general, extensive and elaborate. 
If th <■. citizens had cntc^red into a friendly rivalry in the matter, 
each striving to (^xccl the other in the work, the result could 



Administration of John C. Eobinson. 193 

hardly have been more gratifying. Main Street was lined with 
flags, bunting and emblems from the walks to the cornices of the 
buildings. 

Not only was this true of Main Street, but almost every house 
in the city, public or private building, place of business or resi- 
dence, was more or less elaborately decorated. 

The next day, June 5, the officers of the National Encampment, 
together with the officers of the Society of the Army of the Po- 
tomac, were received and entertained by Colonel and Mrs. James 
M. Thompson, at their residence. Highland Place, and were after- 
wards conveyed in carriages to the United States Armory, where 
they were received with a salute, and to other points of interest in 
and about the city. 



18 



CHAPTER XVII. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF J. C. ROBINSON (SEC- 
OND TERM)-THIRTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION, ALBANY, N. Y., 
JUNE 17, 1879. 

Headquarters were retained in New York city, with the staff 
officers of the preceding term. 

Senior Yice-Comraander-iu-Chief Paul Van Dervoort was 
elected Commander-in-Chief at Baltimore, 1882. See Chapter 
XXI. 



Herbert E. Hill, Junior Yice- 
Commander-in-Chief, was born 
in Boston, December 18, 1845, 
and first offered to enlist at the 
age of 16, but was refused on 
account of his age. A year later 
he succeeded in enlisting in the 
8th Yermont Yolunteers, and 
served in all the battles and 
skirmishes of that regiment in 
Louisiana and Mississippi, and 
later with Sheridan in the Shen- 
andoah Yalley. At Opequan 
the regiment made a daring 
bayonet charge, and young Hill 
cajjtured a prisoner on the rebel 
works. He was injured at Cedar 
Creek, October 19, 1864, where he captured one of the enemy's 
sharpshooters. 

He Avas then placed on detached duty in Washington, and was 
promoted for meritorious conduct. After the war he took a deep 
interest in the State militia, and has filled a number of respon- 
sible positions— serving one term as Assistant Adjutant-General 
of the State, with the rank of Colonel. He early joined the Grand 
[1941 




CoLONEi^ Herbert E. Hill. 



Administration of John C. Robinson. 



195 



Army of the Eepublic, and served as Commander of Post 139, 
Somerville, where he resides. 

At his own expense, memorials were erected on the battle-field 
of Opequan in honor of the services of the 8th Vermont, for which 
he received the thanks of the State, through resolutions adopted 
by the Senate and House in 1886. 
Colonel Hill is in business as a 
merchant in Boston. f"- \ 

Captain Matthew Hall, In- 
spector-General, entered the 
service August 30, 1861, as a 
Private 91st Eegiment Penn- 
sylvania Volunteers, and was 
wounded in the arm at Gettys- 
burg. He was mustered-out as 
Captain on the expiration of 
the three years term. Joined 
Post 2, Philadelphia, in 1871, 
and was Post Commander in 
1881 ; was appointed Inspector- 
General to fill vacancy caused 
by the resignation of Comrade 
AVm. F. Rogers. 




Captain Matthew Hall. 



thirteenth annual session. 

The National Encampment met in Albany, N. Y., June 17, 
1879. Previous to the Encampment there was a large parade, 
under command of General Frederick Townsend, of regiments 
of the National Guiard in Albany, visiting companies of militia, 
and Posts of the Department of New York. 

The National Encampment was escorted to Tweddle Hall, 
where Mayor Michael N. Nolan welcomed the members of the 
Grand Army of the Republic to that city. He was followed by 
the Hon. Charles R. Knowles, who made an eloquent address, 
which was responded to by Commander-in-Chief Robinson. 

The Encampment was then opened, Commander-in-Chief Rob- 
inson presiding. 



196 Grand Army of the Republic. 

officers present. 

Oommander-in-C'bief John C. Robinson. 

Senior Vice-Commander-in-Cliief Paul Yau Dervoort. 

Adjutant-General James L. Farley. 

Quartermaster-General William "Ward. 

Inspector-General Matthew Hall. 

Surgeon-General Jas. L. Watson. 

Chaplain-in-Chief Joseph F. Lovering. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Geo. H. Bigelow, Vermont ; Geo. S. Evans, Massachusetts ; 
Julius AV. Knowlton, Connecticut ; C. Henry Barney, Rhode 
Island ; (xeo. B. Squires, New York ; AY. J. Buckley, New Jersey ; 
AV. B. Jones, Pennsylvania ; T. E. Thomasen, Potomac ; T. C. 
Boone, Ohio ; E. W. Chamberlain, Illinois. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

California, 1 ; Connecticut, .3 ; Illinois, 2 ; Iowa, 1 ; Maine, 5 ; 
Maryland, 3 ; Massachusetts, 15 ; Michigan, 1 ; Nebraska, 4 ; New 
Hampshire, 8 ; New Jersey, 8 ; New York, 16 ; Ohio, 2 ; Penn- 
sylvania, 18 ; Potomac, 6 ; Rhode Island, 11 ; Yermont, 7 ; Yir- 
ginia, 1 ; Provisional Department of Kansas, 1 ; Post No. 1, Lou- 
isiana, 1. In all, 19 Departments ; Department officers and rep- 
resentatives, 114. 

Commander-in-Chief Robinson, in his address, said, referring 
to the charge of partisan action by the Grand Army of the Re- 
iniblic : 

As an organization we owe allegiance to no political party, and our constitution 
expressly forbids the discussion of partisan questions in our meetings, yet we are 
bound to protect the interests of our comrades ; and I cannot avoid expressing my 
indignation that Union soldiers (perhaps maimed and crippled in their country's 
service) should be removed from positions of trust and deprived of their means of 
support to make room for men who fought for the dissolution of the Union. It is no 
violation of our organic law to call your attention to this matter, for it is one that 
affects every loyal soldier in the land. If this Encampment cannot repair the wrong, 
it can at least i)lace on record its protest against the act. 

Soldiers must stand by and support each otiier, or their rights will be ignored 
and trampled upon. We are not ready yet to admit that the cause of the Union 
is the lost cause. We do not admit that there is any doubt as to which was right and 
wliieh was wrong, in the great coiillict through which we have passed. We had no 
doubt while the conflict lasted; we have none now. While we are confident that we 



\) 



Administration of John C. Robinson. 197 

were right and our opponents were wrong, we are willing to believe they were honest 
and sincere. We can honor and respect the brave men who manfully fought us face 
to face, but have only scorn and contempt for their Northern allies, who, when we 
needed sympathy and support, kept up the fire in the rear, criticised our operations, 
magnified our reverses, and had no words of encouragement or cheer for our success. 
Those we contended against were our own countr3rtnen. They were as earnest and 
enthusiastic as ourselves, but we felt that their success would be equally ruinous 
to the North and South. Therefore we never acknowledged defeat, but after each 
reverse were ready to resume the offensive, determined then as now, that in this 
country there shall be but one government and one flag. The Grand Army of the 
Republic, composed exclusively of men who devoted themselves to the accomplish- 
ment of this object, will insist upon a faithful observance of the terms agreed upon 
at the close of the war. 

At our last Encampment I called your attention to the bill then pending in 
Congress for the payment of arrears of pensions. It has since become a law, and al- 
though the disbursements under it are likely to be much greater than was antici- 
pated, but few persons deny the justice of the measure, and it is gratifying to know 
that it will afford the needed relief to many disabled comrades, and to thousands of 
widows and orphans. 

During the prevalence last simimer of the terrible epidemic with which our 
brethren at the South were afflicted, I received an appeal for aid from our comrades 
in Louisiana. I immediately issued a circular calling for contributions to meet the 
emergency. The response was prompt and generous. Mower Post No. 1, Depart- 
ment of Louisiana, acknowledged the receipt of $4,433.85. They expended $4,289.05, 
leaving a balance of $134.80. The committee state that they did not confine them- 
selves to relieving members of the Grand Army and their families, but regarding the 
money as a soldiers' fund contributed by soldiers, they furnished aid to all ex-soldiers 
and sailors of the Union whom they found in need. Their report embraces 878 fam- 
ilies relieved, 19 ex-soldiers and 3 ex-sailors of the Union army and navy, together 
with 38 children buried. 



He referred to the successful efforts of the Grand Army of the 
Republic in New York in securing legislation by which the Sol- 
diers and Sailors Home at Bath would be maintained by the 
State, and recommended similar action in other States. 

All members of the staff have been diligent and faithful in the perfonnance of 
the duties required of them, and I am greatly indebted to them for the successful 
administration of affairs committed to my charge. 

In resigning the command with which you have twice honored me, I desire to 
return my heartfelt thanks for the kindness and courtesy I have received from my 
comrades everywhere. 

Believing this to be one of the grandest Orders ever organized, it has been a 
pleasure to me to labor earnestly for its extension and success. It is a gratification 
to know that it is growing in favor and usefulness, and that it has secured the 
respect and confidence of the people, as well as the love and devotion of its mem- 
bers. 



198 Grand Army of the Republic. 

reports of officers. 

Adjutant-General Jas. L. Farley reported a net gain in mem- 
bersliip for the year, of 4,048. Tlie largest gain had been made in 
Pennsylvania, 2,732. Maryland had made the largest percentage 
of gain, 83 per cent. ; New Jersey being next, Avith 70 j^er cent. 

The membership was distributed — in Xew England, 41 per 
cent. ; Middle States, 47 per cent. ; Western States, 9 per cent. ; 
Southern States, 3 per cent. 

Two Provisional Departments had been established — Wash- 
ington Territory and Utah. 

Senior Vice-Commander-iu-Chief Van Dervoort had done some 
liard and earnest work in the West, and the result was beginning 
to show. 

Quartermaster-General William Ward reported the net assets 
as 85,872.95. 

Insjjector-Genoral Matthew Hall presented a detailed report, 
showing the condition of the Departments. In referring, es- 
pecially, to the thorough work of organization as shown in re- 
cruiting in Philadelphia, he said : 

What lias been done here can be done throughout that portion of our country 
that is without organization, and to this matter I would call the earnest attention 
of our coming Encampment. "Would it not be advisable to start the good work in 
the great States of the Northwest? Such commonwealths as Indiana, Iowa, Michi- 
gan, Kansas, and others that arc now devoid of organization ? Cannot the National 
Headquarters send out competent comrades, paying a portion of their expenses '? 

I would also call attention to the exemplification of the Ritual. Much has 
been said, and -will be said, on this subject, for it is of the most vital importance to 
our Order t'aat it be prop:rly memorized and impressively performed. AVhere musi- 
cal talent is introduced, such as instrumental music in orchestras, vocal quartettes, 
etc., it adds greatly to the interest of the muster ceremony ; also the use of the 
Stereopticon in illustrating the charge." 

Judge-Advocate-General William Cogswell presented in print 
opinions in fifteen cases referred to him during the year. 

Surgeon-General James L. AVatson presented an interesting 
report, classifying 1,932 cases of members wounded or otherwise 
disal)led. 

Cliaj>laiii-in-Chief Jos. F. LovERiNG read his report, in the 
course of wliicli ho said : 

I'nder instructions from the C'liairinan of the Committee on Manual for OfTicera, 
I have drafted a .service for .Memorial Day, which is herewith submitted. I have 
also drafted and herewith submit an outline dnift for .service at the dedication of 



Administration of John 0. Eobinson. 199 

niemorial shafts, statues, ttc. I have also drafted and hei'ewith submit blanks for 
future reports to this office should they be accepted and approved. 

So far as I can ascertain, the zeal of our comrades for the Grand Army of the Re- 
public knows no diminution, and, if possible, burns with more steadfast and glowing 
flame. Their appreciation of the value and importance of the work of the Grand Army 
is heartier than ever. Why should it not be? Such work concerns the sacred memory 
of our dead, that the precious inheritance of valor, sacritice, good faith and loyalty they 
left may be guarded by us aud enshrined in the life of our countrj'. Such work con- 
cerns ourselves in justification of that personal self -respect that belongs to us as Union 
soldiers, who should be joint recipients with our dead of the nation's gratitude and 
lionors; such work concerns our children, that they may learn that great lesson of 
patriotism, that the security of the State must depend upon the fidelity of the citizen; 
such work concerns our country, that treason, with its baneful smile and deceitful 
tongue, may not steal, by political audacity, what it could not conquer by the mailed 
arm of rebellion — that the nation may not sulfer the shame of surrendering in peace 
what it paid blood and treasure for in war — that the craft and intrigue of the 
caucus, or the plausible sophistries of the hustings or of Congress, may not give rule 
to those who could not gain authority by bayonet and sword — that no such humiliat- 
ing spectacle may be endured, as that of a maimed and patriot soldier driven out of 
the camp he has guarded — without even the formality of a drum-head court-martial — 
and his place filled by one who wears a livery of gray under the domino and cloak, 
or waterproof and shawl of a defeated, yet defiant and recon-tinued rebel. 

In my previous reports, that our zeal might be increased and our fidelity enlarged, 
I have given " our creed " and " our litany; " to-day I propose to preach our " sermon " 
aud read " our hymn." 

This is the sermon : 

You can find the words of my text in the 20th Psalm, 5th verse: " In the name of 
our God we will set up our banners." 

Such a text may fitly suggest this subject: " Our Flag. " 

1 . Our flag was woven on the loom of the Revolution by the indomitable valor, the 
unwavering determination and invincible faith of hearts that knew no fear and would 
endure no wrong. 

2. Our flag was consecrated to liberty and equal rights— to the security of the citi- 
zen and the sovereignty of the people. 

3. Under its sheltering folds and in defense of the principles for which it stands, 
our heroic and immortal dead rallied, and fought, and fell, and were promoted. 

4. For its honor and supremacy we have toiled, and suffered, and prayed. 

5. Beneath its radiant folds no miscreant fraud, no treachery with assassin heart, 
no sullen and vindictive treason ought to live. 

6. Its shelter should protect only industry, good faith, self-sacrificing patriotism; 
that an honorable past may not fail of its just deserts; that the present may be strength- 
ened in devotion to acknowledged duty ; that the future may realize what a loyal 
faith may encourage us to expect. 

In conclusion — All hail our Flag ! See how its stars glow with celestial light! 
See how its crimson throbs as if it still felt the pulse of the brave hearts that have 
defended it ! See how its white symbolizes an unstained loyalty ! See how its blue 
still mirrors the heavens, in whose purity its stars first learned how to shine! 

See how the eagle on its stafl:, with half spread pinions and vigilant eyes, watches 
against any rattlesnake that may lurk in the grass, or any buzzard that may an^Tvhere 
have fattened on carrion. 



200 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Finally: Let us, so far as ovir Flag is concerned, adopt the language of our text 
and say—"' In the name of our God we will set up our banners." Let our Hag be dear 
to us. Let it be set high above us. Let nothing be dearer, let nothing be higher, 
stvve only the austere and graeious symbol of our faith— the Cross of Jesus Christ, 
our Lord! Amen. 

RELIEF TO LOUISIANA. 

A commuiiicaiion was read from Jos. A. Mower Post, No. 1, 
New Orleans, thanking the Grand Army of the Republic for the 
generous donations sent to them in their hour of need, thereby 
enabling them to assist the stricken soldier, combat with success 
the yellow pestilence, or give its victim a soldier's funeral, and 
his bereaved family needed succor. 

Besolred, That deeds such as were enacted by our Northern comrades, under the 
circumstances, shine out with even greater lustre, and will endure longer in the hearts 
of grateful recipients, than those achieved on the battle-field, where amid the excite- 
ment of charging hosts and the spur of patriotism or glory, each knightly soul strives 
to do his devoir. 

CODE AND MANUAL. 

The committee appointed by direction of the preceding En- 
campment (Comrades Beath, Lovering and Farley), presented a 
Code and Manual for the guidance of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public, which was adopted. 

REYNOLDS' ESCUTCHEONS. 

The following Avas adopted : 

Resolved, That inasmuch as official records do not give the full account of each 
separate soldier's and sailor's record, that we recognize in the system originated by 
Comrade J. P. Reynolds, and known as " Keyuold's Escutcheons of Military and 
Naval Service," an admirable and ingenious method of accomplishing this purpose. 



COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Address of 'Oommander-in-Chief : — Wm. Earnshaw, Ohio ; 
Geo. Bowers, New Hampshire ; F, A. Arnold, Rhode Island. 

On Report of Adjutant-General and Quartermaster-General : — 
Geo. B. Squires, New York ; Thos. C. Boone, Ohio ; E. W. Chani- 
bi'iluiii, Illinois. 



Administration of John G. Eobinson. 201 

On Report of Inspector-General : — Jas. McQuade, New York ; 
Wm. Earnshaw, Ohio ; W. D. H. Cochrane, New Hampshire ; E. 

B, Tyler, Maryland ; R. Rahn, Pennsylvania. 

On Report of Judge-Advocate-General : — J. G. B. Adams, 
Massachusetts ; H. J. Spooner, Rhode Island ; C. E. Fowler, 
Connecticut ; H. A. Barnum, New York ; H. Dingman, Potomac. 

On Report of Surgeon-General :, — W. B. Jones, Pennsylvania ; 
W. J. Buckley, New Jersey ; G. S. Evans, Massachusetts ; J. H. 
Goulding, Vermont ; J. C. Walkinshaw, Kansas. 

On Rules, Regulations, and Ritual : — R. B. Beath, Pennsyl- 
vania ; G. S. Merrill, Massachusetts ; Jas. Tanner, New Y'^ork ; A. 

C. Hamlin, Maine ; C. C. Royce, Potomac ; A. J. Bailey, Massa- 
chusetts ; Chas. Burrows, New Jersey. 

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 

" The Committee to whom was referred the reports of the Ad- 
jutant-General and Quartermaster-General, having carefully exam- 
ined the books of record and of accounts, and compared the 
receipts and expenditures with the figures of the reports, have 
found everything correct, and hereby report accordingly. 

" They, however, call attention to the payment of the bills of 
ofl&cers of the National Encampment, and suggest that it is a mat- 
ter which should be looked into and settled by the Encampment 
itself. At present there seems to be no warrant or authority for 
the payment of any such bills, except the custom itself, which is 
more and more liable to be abused. 

" They also recommend to the Council of Administration the 
establishing of a more perfect system of accounts between the 
Adjutant and Quartermaster-General, and the opening of inven- 
tory and stock books, which, if carefully kept, will prevent serious 
complications." 

ON surgeon-general's report. 

" The report shows that the Surgeon-General during the past 
year has made every exertion in his power to obtain full and com- 
plete reports from all the Departments, and we commend him to 
the Encampment as a most faithful and efficient officer." 



i02 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 



RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

The Committee reported ujiou the several •|)ropositions sub- 
mitted, the most important being an amendment to Article XIY, 
Chapter I, Eligibility to Membership, adding the words in 
italics : 

Soldiers aud sailors of the United States Army, Navy or Marine Corps, (Did of 
such State nriimcntx as wrre called into actir.c » mice and subject to the orders of U. S. 
General Officers, irho screed between April 12th, 1S61, and April Wi. 18G5, in the war 
for the suppression of the rebellion, and those having been honorably discharged 
therefrom after such service, shall be eligible to membership in the Grand Army of 
the Republic. 

No person shall be eligible to membership wlio has a^ auy time borne arms 
against the United States. 

The limit as to time was intended to cover a decision following 
the rulings of the Sui3reme Court of the United States, as to the 
date when the Rebellion ended, aud under which decision those 
who enlisted after Lee's surrender were eligible to membership in 
the Grand Army of the Rej^ublic. 

The following was adopted : 

That hereafter no amendments to the Rules and Regulations, or the Ritual, sliall 
be considered except by unanimous consent, unless the same .shall be presented to the 
Adjutant-General, wlio .shall cause them to be printed at the expense of the Depart- 
ment presenting them, and a copy thereof to be furnished to each member of the 
National Encampment at least thirty days before the annual meeting. 



RESOLUTIONS OF THANKS. 

A vote of thanks was tendered to the retiring officers. 
The following was unanimotish^ adopted : 

Appreciating the magnificent welcome which has greeted us in tlie capital city 
of tiie Empire State, 

Resolved, That we extend to our comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic, 
to the accredited authorities of the State of New York, and of the municipality of 
Albany, and to all military bodies present, our sincere, enthusiastic and luartfelt 
thanks for the gi_'uero\is. cordial and snMicrly hospitality that has been shown us. 



ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

Tho f(dlowing were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, Rev. AVm. Earnshaw, Ohio. 

Senior Vice-Commander-in-(^hief, John Palmer, New York. 



Administration of John 0. Robinson. 203 

Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Harrison Dingman, Poto- 
mac. 

Surgeon-General, Dr. W. B. Jones, Pennsylvania. 
Cliaplain-in-Cliief, Eev. Jos. F. Lovering. (Fourth term.) 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

California, C. Mason Kinue ; Connecticut, John McCarthy ; 
Illinois, E. W. Chamberlain ; Iowa, W. F. Conrad ; Maine, C. A. 
Boutelle ; Maryland, Thos. L. Matthews ; Massachusetts, Geo. S. 
Evans ; Michigan, A. T. McEeynolds ; Nebraska, G. H. Bush ; 
New Hampshire, Jno. C. Linehan ; New Jersey, S. F. Hamilton ; 
New York, Geo. B. Squires ; Ohio, Thos. C. Boone ; Pennsyl- 
vania, Norman M. Smith ; Potomac, S. E. Thomasen ; Rhode 
Island, C. Henry Barney ; Vermont, Geo. H. Bigelow ; Virginia, 
W. N. Eaton. 



HOSPITALITIES EXTENDED. 

A grand banquet was tendered the Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic and the Society of the Army of the Potomac in the Martin 
Opera House, on the evening of June 17. 

Captain John Palmer, Chairman Committee on Arrangements, 
welcomed the visitors in a brief address, and introduced General 
Fred. Townseud, of Lew. Benedict Post No. 5, Albany, as toast- 
master. 

After dinner, responses were made to the sentiments " Our 
Country," by Governor Van Zandt, Rhode Island ; " The Presi- 
dent of the United States," Attorney-General Chas. Devens, Jr. ; 
" The Army and Navy," General Daniel E. Sickles ; " Our Volun- 
teer Soldiers," General Judson Kilpatrick ; " The West," Com- 
rade Paul Van Dervoort, Nebraska ; " The Cavalry," Generals A. 
T. Torbert and Jno. B. Mcintosh ; " The Grand Army of the Re- 
public," General J. C. Robinson; "The State of New York," 
Senator H. E. Turner ; " Soldiers' Homes," Corporal James 
Tanner; " The National Guard," General Jas. AY. Husted. Gen- 
eral Henry M. Hoyt, and Governor Hartranft, of Pennsylvania, 
also made addresses. 

General Husted, in his address, paid a glowing tribute to the 
National Guard : 



204 (tkand Army of the Eepublic, 

From her ranks were officered, by huudnds, tlie compauies, the regiments, the 
brigades, divisions of the armies of the Union. Singly and by platoons her files 
■went forth to do battle for the riglit, and " so long as memory holds her place in this 
distractt d globe," so long will be held ever green the memories of Vosburgh, Corcoran 
and of Pratt. Thousands more there were, who, with them, are seated around the 
Great "White Throne ; thousands more there are, who are of us and with us on earth 
— of equal honor and equal fame. Such was the record of the National Guard dur 
ing the trying days. Where stands she now ? At this moment, with rare exceptions, 
her officers are they who won their spurs side by side with you. The file, too, as 
well as the rank, numbers a large percentage of the veterans of the war. They are 
members of your great organization. They are with you and of you here to-night. 
"What can I say more than to add— they are yourselves. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF WILLIAM EARNSHAW 
— FOURTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION, DAYTON, OHIO, JUNE 8, 

1880. 

Commandee-in-Chief Earnshaw established Headquarters at 
the National Military Home, Ohio, and appointed the following 
staff: 

Adjutant-General, Isaac B. Stevens, Ohio. 
Quartermaster-General, William Ward, re-appointed. 
Judge-Advocate-General, William H. Baldwin, Ohio. 
Inspector-General, Charles ^Y. Raphun, Maryland. 

Commander-in-Chief William Earnshaw, was born at Chester, 
Pennsylvania, May 12, 1828. 

On April 16, 1861, he enlisted as a Private, and was subse- 
quently mustered-in as Chaplain, 49th Pennsylvania Infantry, re- 
signing that office October 12, 1862, by reason of the consolida- 
tion of his Regiment. He was appointed Hospital Chaplain, U. 
S. Volunteers, April 22, 1863, and was honorably mustered-out, 
August 27, 1867. 

He was engaged in superintending the construction of two Na- 
tional Cemeteries, one at Murfreesboro', the other at Nashville, 
Tennessee, in which work he displayed great energy, zeal and 
ability, being highly commended by Major-General George H. 
Thomas, and other well-known commanders. 

He was elected Chaplain of the Central Branch, National Mil- 
itary Home, Dayton, Ohio, September 5, 1867, and continued in 
the faithful discharge of that duty up to the date of his last sick- 
ness. He died there July 17, 1885. 

Devotion to the interests of his comrades, and singleness of 
purpose in the discharge of duty, were his distinguishing charac- 
teristics. 

He was a sincere, earnest christian, devoted to his calling and 
profession — loved the army — loved the soldier. By the faithful 
discharge of his duties, the urbanity of his manners, and his un- 

[205] 



206 Grand Army of the riEruBLic. 

compromisiug loyalty, he gained the confidence and esteem of all 
who knew him. 

Comrade Earnshaw served as Commander of the Department 
of Ohio in 1876 ; Chaplain-in-Chief, 1871-1872 ; and Junior Yice- 
Commander-in-Chief, 1877. 

Captain John Palmer, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, en- 
listed, September 10, 1871, as a Private in Company B, 91st N. Y. 
Vols., and was successively promoted to be Corporal, Sergeant, 
Sergeant-Major, Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant and Cap- 
tain, participating in every battle in which his Kegiment was en- 
gaged. At the engagement at Five Forks, Virginia, he received 
an injury to his spine which left him in impaired health, and has 
since been the cause of intense physical suffering. 

He was a charter member of Lew Benedict Post No. 5, Albany ; 
served three terms as Post-Commander, one term as Senior Vice- 
Department-Commander, and two terms as Department-Com- 
mander. He took a leading part in establishing the Soldiers 
Home for the State, and personally secured large subscriptions for 
that purpose. 

He is engaged in business, in Albany, as a master painter. 

Harrison Dingman, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, served 
as a Private in Company K, 14th N. Y. Vols., from April 30, 1861, 
until May 25, 1863. Entered the Grand Army of the Republic 
September 28, 1868, in Kit Carson Post No. 2, Washington, D. C, 
and has been active in Grand Army work since that time. Served 
as Post- Commander in 1876; Senior Vice-Department-Commander 
in 1878, and Department-Commander in 1879. 

Dr. W. B. Jones, Surgeon-General, was Assistant Surgeon 1st 
Pennsylvania Rifles (13th Pennsylvania Reserves). Assistant Sur- 
geon in Camp Letterman, at Gettysburg, July to October, 1863. 

Joined Post No. 5, Philadelphia, March 4, 1873, and was for 
several years Post-Surgeon, and as such Avas very active in the 
charitable wf)rk of the Post. Is now (1888) Commander of Post 
No. 19, Philadclpliia. 

Isaac B. Stevens, Adjutant-General, was at the time of his ap- 
pointment in the National Home at Dayton, and a member of Vet- 
eran Post No. T), 



Administration of William Earnshaw. 207 

Charles W. Raphun, Inspector-General, was born in Philadel- 
phia, June 29, 18J:2, and was educated at Girard College. Enlisted 
in May, 1861, in Baker's First California Regiment (71st Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers), and was mustered-out on July 2, 1864. Joined 
Post No. 4, in Baltimore, in 1866, and on the re-organization of 
the Order, joined Wilson Post No. 1, and has since been trans- 
ferred to Custer Post No. 4. 

Has been active in the National Guard of Maryland. Served 
as Acting Assistant Adjutant-General of the First Division, with 
the rank of Colonel. 

General William H. Baldwin, Judge-Advocate-General, was 
mustered into the United States Service, July 16, 1862, as Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel 83d Ohio Volunteers. Joined General Grant's 
army at Memphis, and thence went to Vicksburg under Sherman. 
He commanded the Regiment in the assault at Fort Hindmau. 
Was in the siege of Vicksburg, and in the expedition under Sher- 
man, in pursuit of Johnson's army. 

Was assigned, in February, 1864, to command the 1st Brigade, 
3d Division, 13th Army Corps, and afterwards, of 2d Brigade, 4th 
Division. Was specially mentioned by General Ransom, for brav- 
ery and soldierly bearing when in command of his Regiment in the 
battle of Mansfield. 

He served for a time as President of a Board to examine offi- 
cers for colored troops. Brevetted Colonel, March 26, 1865, " for 
faithful and meritorious services during the campaign against the 
city of Mobile and its defenses ; " brevetted Brigadier-General, 
"for gallant services in the charge on Fort Blakely, Alabama, 
April 9, 1865," having been specially recommended by General C. 
C. Andrews ; mustered-ovit, August, 1865. 

General Baldwin is a lawyer by profession and resides in Cin- 
cinnati. Is a member of George H. Thomas Post No. 13, Cincin- 
nati. 

FOURTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION. 

The National Encampment met at the National Soldiers Home, 
Dayton, Ohio, June 8, 1880. On arrival at the Home, General 
William H. Gibson, Adjutant-General of Ohio, made an eloquent 
address of welcome, which was responded to by Colonel Chill W. 
Hazzard of Pennsylvania. Addresses were made by Colonel E. F. 



208 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

Brown, Governor of the Home, Major Geo. 8. Merrill, Massachu- 
setts, and General Thos. J. Wood, the former Commander of the 
•ith Army Corps. 

The National Encampment was called to order by Commander- 
in-Chief Earnshaw. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief "William Earnshaw. 
Senior A"ice-Commander-in-Chief John Palmer. 
Chaplain-in-Chief Joseph F. Lovering. 
Adjutant-General Isaac B. Stevens. 
Quartermaster-General William Ward. 
Judge- Advocate-General William H. Baldwin. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

California, C. Mason Kinne ; Connecticut, Jno. W. McCarthy ; 
Illinois, E. W. Chamberlain ; Iowa, P. V. Carey ; Maryland, J. H. 
Suter ; Massachusetts, Geo. S. Evans ; Michigan, A. T. McRey- 
nolds ; New Hampshire, J. C. Linehan ; New Jersey, S. F. Hamil- 
ton ; New York, Geo. B. Squires ; Pennsylvania, N. M. Smith ; 
Potomac, Fred. Thomasen ; Rhode Island, W. H. Turner ; Ver- 
mont, Geo. A. Bigelow. 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

Louis Wagner, Pennsylvania ; Geo. W. Gile, New Jersey; C. 
C. Gray, Rhode Island. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

California, 1 ; Connecticut, 5 ; Illinois, 4 ; Indiana, 4 ; Iowa, 
1 ; Kansas, 1 ; Maine, 2; Maryland, 5 ; Massachusetts, 13 ; Mich- 
igan, 1; Nebraska, 5; New Hampshire, 5; New Jersey, 7; New 
York, 8; Ohio, 5; Potomac, 5; Pennsylvania, 17; Rhode Island, 
4 ; Wisconsin, 1. 19 Departments, 94 Department Officers and 
Representatives ; total members, 114. 

Commander-in-Chief Earnshaw, in his address, said : 

Comrades. —The place at wliicli you meet is in many ways a strong reminder of 
ibe days when you were loyal soldiers of the Republic Here are the tents and the 
camiiing ground. Here are tlie cannon, shot and shell. Here are the stacked arms 
and accoutrementfS. Above all this, you s( e about you over four thousand disabled 







Group of National Officers, 1879. 



Administkation of William Earnshaw. 209 

heroes, who stood shoulder to shoulder with you in the days of glory; and be assured, 
comrades, that from them you are receiving a most hearty greeting. Some of them 
may not have a hand left to grasp yours as in other days, or legs to come to you, but 
their hearts are still the same; and they join you in singing, " We drank from the 
same canteen." Your presence here will be long remembered by many who are 
weary and worn, but they are now resting from the fight. 

The three great principles of our Order— Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty — are 
fast drawing our comrades of the war into an indissoluble bond of union. The suc- 
cess that is daily attending our efforts, shows clearly that by wise legislation, and 
careful watching in the past, I am left almost entirely without a suggestion for im- 
provement in our future action. I venture the assertion, that no organization is more 
etficient, in all its departments, than ours. I will speak of one or two matters, how- 
ever, that may possibly call for action. The first is the manifest confusion that occurs 
in the several departments when Memorial Day falls on Sunday. In our large busi- 
ness centers, comrades who labor, are paid on Saturday, and absence on that day is a 
cause of embarrassment to them and their families, and many of them are thereby 
prevented from taking part in these ceremonies. When Monday, in accordance with 
a law making it a holiday in several of the States, is selected, complaints are made 
that all preparations must be made on Sunday. 

And second, I call attention to a question usually referred to on these occasions, 
viz. : The perpetuation of the Grand Army of the Republic. So long as a consider- 
able number of the veterans of the war survived, there was no necessity to go beyond 
them for recruits; but a time will come when the last man shall have answered the 
roll call of the Great Commander. The question then comes, are we fully meeting 
the demands of our undertaking, in thus permitting an organization to end that may 
be recruited from the sons of the men whose principles have exerted such a healthful 
influence in war and in peace. We should at least look with kindly consideration 
upon our sons, who have been, ever since the war, and are to day, inspired with the 
principles for which we fought and for which so many died. They have a zeal, com- 
rades, very like to that which marked the doings of the men of 1861. My attention 
has been called during the year to an organization called the " Sons of Veterans." 
I have felt it my duty to express my approbation of this undertaking, seeing that they, 
the sons of Union .soldiers, are perfectly in accord with us. 

I succeeded in getting a bill introduced in Congress, to appropriate six captured 
cannon from which to make badges. Said bill was referred to the Military Committee, 
but as yet has not been reported upon. The necessity of the case was such that we 
were forced to proceed in some other way, and I am pleased to say that, by the gen- 
erosity of the President, a cannon was secured, from which has been made over 
twelve thousand badges, and they are now worn by comrades of the order in all parts 
of the land. 

General Orders No. 5, announced the death of Comrade An- 
drew Taylor, Commander of the Provisional Department of the 
Mountain, " a gallant soldier and faithful comrade of the Grand 
Army of the Republic," who died November 1, 1879. This De- 
partment was announced, on April 23, 1880, as organized with a 
Permanent Department ; J. W. Donnellan. Commander. 
14 



210 Grand Army of the llEruBLic. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

In General Orders No, 8, the Commander-in-Chief recom- 
mended Posts to invite clergymen to deliver appropriate dis- 
courses on the Sabhath preceding Memorial Day. " Many a weary 
and sad heart may he cheered by this pious reference to the noble 
deeds of those avIio went down in the storm of battle, or died after 
days of long and painful suffering in the army hospitah" 

REPORTS OF OFFICERS. 

Isaac B. Stevens, Adjutant-General, stated that the reports of 
the several Departments shoAved an increase in membership of 
13,387. Three new Departments had been formed during the 
year ; Indiana was organized as a Permanent Department, Octo- 
ber 3, 1879, at Terre Haute, J. B. Hager, Commander ; the Moun- 
tain Department was organized December 11, 1879, at Laramie 
City, "Wyoming, Comrade J. W. Donnellan, Commander ; Kansas 
was organized March 16, 1880, Comrade J. C. Walkinshaw, Depart- 
ment-Commander. 

Provisional Departments had been organized in Delaware, 
March 16, 1880, and Florida on the same date. 

Pennsylvania has had the largest increase, being over 5,000. 
New York has increased about 2,000. Maryland has more than 
doubled its membership. Massachusetts and all the eastern De- 
partments, except one, have increased largely. New Jersey is one- 
third larger in membership than when reported in 1878. The 
western Departments have been doing Avonderful work. Illinois 
has doubled its membership. Nebraska has increased more, in 
proportion, than any other Department. 

The Service Book, arranged and furnished by the Chaplain-in- 
Chief, Comrade Jos. F. Lovering, as authorized by the National 
Encampment, contains all the services of the Grand Army hereto- 
fore in use, with the addition of a beautiful Service for Memorial 
Day. 

(Quartermaster-General "William "Ward reported cash, last re- 
port, .^1,707.52 ; received from all sources, !i>6,897.62 ; disbursed, 
^6,049.87 ; cash on hand, $2,615.27 ; book accounts and supplies, 
$5,059.94 ; total as^iets, $7,669.21. 

Inspector-General Chas. "W. Rapliun presented, in print, his 
re])ort concerning tlie Inspection of the Dejjartments. 



Administration of William Earnshaw. 211 

Jmlge-Advocate-General W. H. Baldwin presented, in print, 
the opinions given in tliirty-six cases referred to him during the 
term. 

Surgeon-General W. B. Jones, in his report, stated that owing 
to the failure, after some years of effort, to obtain thoroughly re- 
liable medical reports, he recommended their discontinuance. 

Chaplain-in-Chief Jos. F. Lovering reported : 

1 have performed the duty assigned me at the last National Encampment, by the 
completion of the Memorial Day and Dedicatory Services, which have been published 
with the old Burial and Inspection Services. I have written and dedicated to the 
Grand Army of the Republic, a Memorial Day Hymn which received the official sanc- 
tion of the Commander-in-Chief, and was issued to the several Departments in April. 

woman's relief corps. 

In certain departments, organizations have been formed of loyal and patriotic 
women for the help of deserving and necessitous soldiers and soldiers families, and 
for the furtherance of other objects in which the Grand Army of the Republic is in- 
terested. Such organizations have received, in several instances, more or less sanction 
from the Departments in whose jurisdiction they have been established, or by individ- 
ual Posts in connection with which such societies have been formed. Such organiza- 
tion is an emphatic expression of central principle of an institution which we call 
charity. In order that the whole matter may come before us, and, if deemed advis- 
able, receive the endorsement of this Encampment, I would invite action upon the 
general resolve, viz.: that the National Encampment, recognizing the invaluable 
assistance of the loyal and patriotic women in the war of the rebellion, and the impor- 
tant aid they can still render to the Grand Army of the Republic, authorize the com- 
pletion of an organization to be known as the Women's National Relief Corps. G. A. 
R. , and that the Council of Administration be ordered to draft such charter or charters, 
and issue such general instructions with reference to it, as may accord with the spirit 
of our Order and the independency of the organization contemplated." * * 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Address of the Commander-in-Chief : — E. W. Chamberlain, 
Illinois ; T. F. Lang, Maryland ; G. W. Williams, Ohio. 

On Report of the Adjutant-General : — G. B. Squires, New 
York ; P. V. Carey, Iowa ; A. T. McReynolds, Michigan. 

On Report of the Quartermaster-General : — J. F. Lovering, 
Massachusetts ; John Palmer, New York ; J. C. Linehan, New 
Hampshire. 

On Report of the Judge-Advocate-General : — J, M. Yanderslice, 
Pennsylvania ; J. A. Halves, Massachusetts ; G. S. Evans, Massa- 
chusetts. 



212 Grand Army of the Republic. 

On Report of the Surgeou-Geueral : — J. L. Watson, New York ; 
J. K. Powers, Iowa ; L. Coe Yonng, New York. 

On Report of tlie Chaplain-in-Chief : — I, S. Bangs, Maine ; 
Geo. Bowers, New Hampshire ; C. A. Stott, Massachusetts. 

On Rnles, Regulations, and Ritual ; — R. B. Beath, Pennsyl- 
vania ; A. T. McReynolds, Michigan ; Geo. S. Evans, Massaclni- 
setts ; T. F. Lang, Maryland ; I. S. Bangs, Maine. 

On Sons of Veterans : — L. Coe Young, New Y^'ork ; C. Mason 
Kinne, California ; Jno. M. Y^anderslice, Pennsylvania. 

Comrade Jesse Bowman Y'oung, Pennsylvania, was appointed 
Assistant Adjutant-General for the session. 

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 

The Committee on Address of Commander-in-Chief A\'illiam 
Earnshaw reported : 

It is with pleasure that your committee indorse the most excellent address of the 
Commander-in-Chief. It sets forth the inspiring information of the unprecedented 
growth of our Order during the year. It calls our attention to the subject of an or- 
ganization known as the " Sons of the Veterans," which we earnestly recommend to 
the consideration of this Encampment, and finally calls attention to the subject of 
securing material for badges of the Order. 

On Report of Adjutant-General : 

We find that the work of the office has been excessive for the past year, and that 
the Adjutant-General is deserving of credit for the manner in which the duties have 
been performed. The committee finds that more or less confusion is occasioned by 
the manner in which the accounts are kept between the Adjutant-General and Quar- 
termaster-General. We recommend that hereafter all moneys be paid direct to the 
Quartermaster-General, and that all bills be paid by him, except the incidental ex- 
penses of Headquarters, which .should be paid each month by the Adjutant-General, 
and a draft made on the Quartermaster- General for the amount, after approval by the 
Commander-in-Chief. 

We also recommend some system of hook-keeping which shall show both receipts 
and expenses, with proper checks and safeguards; this, not on account of, but to pre- 
vent any trouble in tiiis direction. The Quartermaster-General, Ixing the financial 
oflicer of this Encampment, should certainly handle all its funds and make all dis- 
bursements. 

We commend the economy di.splayed in the Adjutant General's office, and offer it 
as an example to future incumbents of said office. 

The Committee on the Report of the Quartermaster-General, 
reported that they had comj^ared the books and vouchers, and 
found them correct. 



Administration of William Earnshaw. 213 

On Eeport of Surgeon- General : 

The Surgeon-General complains of a lack of interest, and of neglect, on the part 
of Post Surgeons and Medical Directors, in the duties devolving upon them, and re- 
commends that in future these reports be discontinued. We, recognizing these reports 
on Forms F and G as both valuable as statistics and interesting in their details, can 
not agree with the recommendation of the Surgeon-General, but believe that the re- 
quired reports should be continued, and that the regulation relative to them be rig- 
idly enforced. 

On Report of Chaplain-in-Cliief : 

The committee to whom was referred the Report of the Chaplain in-Chief have 
carefully examined the same, and find that the same spirit which has pervaded his 
previous reports abounds in this — " loyalty and fraternity " — and we congratulate the 
National Encampment upon the official and valuable service rendered by him during 
the past year. We recommend that so much of his report as refers to the " Women's 
Relief Corps" be referred to a special committee, to report at this session of the Na- 
tional Encampment. 

The report was adopted and Comrades J. F. Lovering, Jno. C. 
Linehan, New Hampshire, and C. H. Barney, Rhode Island, were 
appointed the Committee on "Women's Relief Corps." 

RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

The Committee reported on the different propositions submit- 
ted, involving no material changes in the Rules and Regulations. 

Comrades R. B. Beath, Pennsylvania, George B. Squires, New 
York, and T. F. Lang, Maryland, were appointed a Committee on 
Manual, to report at the next Encampment. 

Committee on the " Sons of Veterans " reported that while they 
were in sympathy with the object of that Order, they were not 
sufficiently acquainted with its scope and character to indorse it. 
They recommended the reference of the subject to a special com- 
mittee to be investigated during the year. 

RESOLUTIONS. 

The following were adopted : 

It is the opinion of this Encampment that, in compliance with the " usages of 
the service," the Commander-in Chief may revise, remit or reduce the sentences of 
courts-martial, in meritorious ca?es, at any time, on application, approved by interme- 
diate authorities. 

That the bill introduced into the present Congress, by Hon. J. Warren Keifer, 
placing upon the pension rolls of the United States all Union soldiers and sailors who 



214 Grand Army of the Republic. 

were confined for a lonser period than three months in any of the so-called " Confed- 
erate prisons,' during the late rebellion, is just and right, and should be enacted into 
a law ; and that the Commander-in-Chief is hereby instructed to communicate the 
sense of this Encampment, upon this subject, to the Speaker of the House of Repre- 
sentatives and President of the Senate. 

That the thanks of this Encampment are due, and are hereby tendered to Senior 
Vice-Commauder-in-Chief John Palmer, for the courteous and superior manner in 
which he has presided at, and intelligently directed the business of, this convention. 

That this Encampment urgently request Congress to take up and pass the bill 
appropriating cannon to mark the location of batteries upon the battlefield of Gettys- 
burg, and making an appropriation to mark the position of the different regiments 
engaged in the battle. That the Adjutant-General forAvard a copy of this resolution 
to each member of the Military Committee of Congress. 

That the National Encampment, in view of the courtesy extended by the officers 
and members of the National Soldiers' Home, tender to Colonel E. F. Brown, and 
the officers and men under his command, and to the Veteran Post No. 5, its sincere 
thanks; and that a copy of this resolution be sent to Colonel Brown, and to the Com- 
mander of the Post. 

The following was unanimously adopted by a rising vote : 

Whereas, Comrade WrLLiAM Earnshaw, by his past record in the war of the 
rebellion, and by his eminently valuable services to the soldiers of the Union and to 
the Grand Army of the Republic, has earned the wann love and devotion of his com- 
rades; therefore, 

Resolved, That a committee of three be selected to procure and present to Comrade 
Earnshaw, a testimonial of our appreciation of him in his official capacity as Com- 
mander-in-Chief, and of our affectionate regard for him as a comrade of the Grand 
Army of the Republic. 

Committee : — Comrades R. B. Beatli, Pennsylvania ; T. F. Lang, 
Maryland ; W. H. Baldwin, Ohio. 

The following committee was appointed to prepare and have 
engrossed, resolutions of thanks to Past Commander-in-Chief 
J. C. Robinson : — Comrades George B. Squires and L. Coe 
Young, New York ; G. S. Merrill, Massachusetts. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, Louis Wagner, Pennsylvania. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Edgar D. Swain, Illinois. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Geo. Bowers, New Hamp- 
shire. 

Surgeon-General, Dr. A. C. Hamlin, Maine. 
Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. Jos. F. Lovering. (Fifth term.) 



Administration of William Earnshaw. 215 

COUNCIL OF administration. 

California, J. C. Sargent ; Connecticut, AVilliam Berry ; Illi- 
nois, E. W. Chamberlain ; Iowa, Peter Y. Carey ; Indiana, Thomas 
Hanna ; Kansas, Jno. C. Carpenter ; Maine, W. G. Haskell ; Mary- 
land, John H. Suter ; Massachusetts, J. Frank Dalton ; Michigan, 
A. T. McReynolds ; Nebraska, H, T. Townsend ; New Hampshire, 
John C. Linehan; New Jersey, A. M. Way; New York, T. C. Rowe; 
Ohio, Clias. L. Young ; Pennsylvania, Norman M. Smith ; Poto- 
mac, Frederick Thompson; Rhode Island, C. Henry Barney; Utah, 
M. M. Bane; Vermont, George A. Bigelow; Virginia, J. Davidson; 
Wisconsin, Edwin A. Kendall. 

CLOSING services. 

In the evening the members of the Encampment, together 
with a very large number of the veterans of the Home, and of cit- 
izens from Dayton, assembled in the pavilion, to listen to a lecture 
by Comrade Jesse Bowman Young, of Pennsylvania, called 
" Echoes from Round Top ; the Story of a Great Battle." The 
lecture was a vivid description of the battle of Gettysburg. 

After the lecture a delightful " camp-fire " was held in the 
Dining Hall, where speeches were made by Colonel E. F. Brown, 
General Robinson, Comrades Squires, Tanner, Wagner, Merrill 
and others. Songs, recitations and remarks, along with music by 
the band, filled up the hours with the keenest pleasure. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF LOUIS WAGNER- 
FIFTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION, INDIANAPOLIS, JUNE 15, 1881. 

Headqu.\rters were established in Pliiladelphia, with the fol- 
lowing stall" : 

Adjutant-General, Robert B. Beath, Pennsylvania. 
Quartermaster-General, William Ward, New Jersey, re-ap- 
pointed. 

Inspector-General, James R. Carnahan, Indiana. 
Judge-Advocate-General, George B. Squires, NewYork. 

General Louis Wagner, Commander-in-Chief, was born in 
Giessen, Germany, August 4, 1838. His parents settled in Phila- 
delphia in 1849. In July, 1861, he commenced to recruit a Com- 
pany for the three years service, and was commissioned First 
Lieutenant, Company D, 88th Pennsylvania Volunteers, serving 
under Pope in Virginia, and later, with the Army of the Potomac. 
Was promoted Captain, and at the second battle of Bull Run, was 
badly wounded and left on the field, being paroled some days later 
and sent into our lines on account of his disabled condition. He 
afterward returned to the Regiment as Lieutenant-Colonel, and 
commanded it on the famous " Mud March," and at Chancellors- 
ville. He was too badly disabled, however, for field service, and 
Vv-as assigned to command Camp Wm. Penn, Philadelphia, for the 
organization of colored troops, where he did most effective service 
in training and forwarding some thirteen thousand colored sol- 
diers. Mustered-out as Colonel 88th Pa. Vols., July 8, 1865. 
Brevetted Brigadier-General, to date March, 1865. 

After the war ho became identified with the " Boys in Blue," 
in the city of Philadelphia, took an active interest in public affairs, 
and served as President in Common Councils from October, 1869, 
until January, 1871, and again in 1872. AVliile in Councils he led 
in the reform movements which ])liiced the affairs of the city on 
a proper business footing. 

He was elected Recorder of Deeds in 1878, for three years, and 



Administkation of Louis Wagner. 217 

is now (1888) serving in the important position of Director of Public 
Works. He has also been actively engaged in Sunday-school and 
temperance work. He became a charter member of Post 2, Phil- 
adelphia, October 29, 1866 ; charter member and commander of 
Ellis Post No. 6, at Germantown, November 13, 1866 ; Provisional 
Commander Department of Pennsylvania, and first Department 
Commander, in 1867 ; Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, 1870, and 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 1871-1872. 

Colonel Edgar D. Swain, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 
was commissioned Captain, Company I, 42d Illinois Volunteers, 
July 22d, 1861; promoted Lieutenant-Colonel, October 13, 1863 ; 
Colonel, April 13, 1864, and served mainly with the 4th Army 
Corps. Brevetted Colonel, U. S. Vols., March 13, 1865, for gallant 
and meritorious conduct during the war. Mustered-out of ser- 
vice, January 1866. Joined the Grand Army of the Eepublic in 
1866, and on the re-organization, was mustered into Geo. H. 
Thomas Post No. 5, Chicago, February 14, 1876. Served three 
years as its Commander and was Department Commander in 1879 
and 1880. 

Colonel George Bowers, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 
was born in Dunstable, now Nashua, New Hampshire, April 22, 
1817. 

He served with conspicuous gallantry in the principal engage- 
ments in the war with Mexico, and was brevetted Captain by Gen- 
eral Scott. At the storming of Chapultepec he was particularly 
noted for coolness and bravery, for which he was again honorably 
mentioned in orders, and assigned a prominent position in the 
ceremony of raising the U. S. flag over the palace of the Monte- 
zumas. He was honorably discharged with his Regiment, with 
the rank of Captain. 

He was appointed Postmaster of Nashua in 1853, by his former 
commander and warm friend, President Pierce, and so served until 
March, 1861, when he was elected Mayor. He earnestly encour- 
aged enlistments, during his term as Mayor, and, in 1862, ac- 
cepted a commission as Lieutenant-Colonel, 13th New Hampshire 
Volunteers, which served first with Whipple's Division, 3d Army 
Corps, and afterwards in Getty's Division, 9th Corps. 

His health broke down through exposure in North Carolina, 
and he was transferred to the lOtli Regiment, Veteran Reserve 



218 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Corps, and was stationed in New York city in the troublesome 
period following the Draft Riots, and subsequently at Baltimore 
and "Washington. He was mustered-out November, 1865. In 
1868 he was again elected Mayor of Nashua, and served one 
year. 

He was a charter member of Post 7, Nashua, and first Com- 
mander, serving as such two years, and Department Commander, 
1879 and 1880. 

Colonel Bowers was a man of fine personal presence. His 
genial manners, great kindness of heart, added to a splendid record 
in two wars, made him one of the most popular men in the State. 
He died February 14, 1884. 

Dr. A. C. Hamlin, Surgeon-General, enlisted a Company in the 
2d Maine Volunteer Infantry, at his own expense, and became 
Assistant Surgeon of the Regiment, May 2, 1861; Brigade Surgeon, 
February 4, 1862 ; Lieutenant-Colonel and Medical Inspector, U. 
S. A., February 4, 1863 ; mustered-out December, 1865. 

He served Avitli the Armies of Virginia and the Potomac, and 
went into the fight at Blackburn's Ford as a volunteer, with the 
1st Massachusetts. Also served in the South and South-west. 

He joined Post 12, Bangor, at its organization, 1867, and served 
four terms as its Commander. Was Department-Commander 
in 1878. 

General James R. Carnahan, Inspector-General, was born in 
Dayton, Indiana, November 18, 1841. He enlisted as a Private in 
the 11th Indiana (Wallace's Zouaves), in April, 1861, and after- 
wards served in the 86th Indiana Volunteers, until the close of the 
war, taking part in all the l)attles in which his Regiment was en- 
gaged. He filled various positions, commanding his Company and 
Regiment, and, during the last year of the war, was on duty in 
responsible staff i)ositious. 

After the war he graduated from Wabash College, and studied 
law, being admitted to practice in 1867. 

He served three terms as Prosecuting Attorney for Tippecanoe 
county, and, in 1874, Avas elected Judge of the Criminal Circuit 
CV)urt. 

In 1881 he was appointed Adjutant-General of Indiana, and 
served the State with distinguished credit. 

He was one of the first to join the Grand Army of the Repub- 



Administration of Louis Wagner. 219 

lie in Indiana, and was a member of the Indianapolis Encamp- 
ment, November, 1866. 

When the Order was again established in that State, he took 
an active part and was made Senior Vice-Department-Commander, 
and, in 1882, Department-Commander, increasing the membership 
from 2,050 to over 8,000. Was re-elected Department-Commander 
by a unanimous vote and closed the second term with a member- 
ship of over 16,000. 

He was largely instrumental in securing the appropriation of 
$200,000 to build the Indiana Soldiers and Sailors Monument. 

In 1882 he was appointed Judge-Advocate-General, and com- 
piled a complete Digest of Decisions and Opinions. 

George B. Squires, Judge-Advocate-General, was born in Pitts- 
field, Massachusetts, September 25, 1844. 

He enlisted, July 22, 1861, in Company I, 5th Connecticut 
Volunteers ; served with his Kegiment in Banks Second Corps, 
Army of Virginia, and was severely wounded at Cedar Mountain, 
August 9, 1862. Upon recovery he rejoined his command, and 
particijDated in the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. 
Was taken prisoner, July 21, 1862, at Snickers Gap, Virginia, and 
confined at Belle Isle until paroled in October. He rejoined his 
Regiment, which was assigned to the 20th Army Corps, and took 
part in the Atlanta Campaign. Mustered-out as CorjDoral, July 
22, 1864. After the war he became interested in National Guard 
matters, and was for five years Captain in the 13th Eegiment, 
National Guard, of Brooklyn. 

Joined Rankin Post No. 10, Brooklyn, October, 1873, and 
served three terms as its Commander. Served three terms as As- 
sistant Adjutant-General, Department of New York. 

In January, 1883, assisted in organizing U. S. Grant Post No. 
327, and was its first Commander. Was re-elected, in 1884, but re- 
signed to serve as Assistant Adjutant-General of the Department, 
under Commander I. M. Hedges. 

In General Orders No. 7, dated September 6, 1880, Commander- 
in-Chief Wagner called attention to cuts of the membership badge, 
as follows : 

Great confusion having arisen in the manufacture of our badge, and still more 
in the use in the several Departments and Posts of the numerous wood-cuts, electro- 
tyjjes, and engravings, no two of which were alike, the within cut, marked No. 1, 



220 Grand Army of the Republic. 

has been prepared from the records of the National Encampment, as the correct rep- 
resentation of tlie Grand Army of the Republic Badge, and all engravings hereafter 
made must be exact copies thereof. 

It is expected that the many caricatures of our badge, which now disfigure so 
many letter-heads and envelopes, with eight or ten stars, flags with the Union down, 
eagles falsely posed, and incorrect lettering on the lace of the badge proper, will be 
at once destroyed, and that the official badge, as herein promulgated, will take their 
place. (See chapter on Badges.) 

FIFTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION. 

The Nation^,! Encampment assembled in Indianapolis, Indiana, 
June 15, 1881; Commander-in-Chief Louis Wagner presiding. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief Louis Wagner. 
Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief Edgar D. Swain. 
Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief George Bowers. 
ChajDlain-in-Chief Jos. F. Lovering. 
Adjutant-General Robert B. Beath. 
Quartermaster-General William AVard. 
Inspector-General James R. Carnahau. 
Judge-Advocate-General George B. Squires. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

T. C. Rowe, New York ; A. M. Way, New Jersey ; W. H. Wiegel, 
Maryland ; Chas. L. Young, Ohio ; F. Thomasen, Potomac ; 
Thomas Hanna, Indiana ; H. G. Townsend, Nebraska ; H. C. Town- 
send, Iowa. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

California,!; Connecticut, 5 ; Delaware, 3 ; Illinois, 7; Indi- 
ana, 8 ; Iowa, C^ ; Kansas, 1; Maine, 1 ; Massachusetts, 15 ; Mary- 
land, 8 ; Michigan, 3 ; Mountain, 3 ; Nebraska, 8 ; New Hamp- 
shire, 4; New Jersey, 7 ; New Y''ork, 7 ; Ohio, 8 ; Pennsylvania, 23 ; 
Potomac, 5 ; Yirginia, 2 ; Wisconsin, 1. Total, Departments, 21 ; 
Department Officers and Representatives, 126. 

Commander-in-Chief Louis AYagner, in his address, said : 

Called to command by your unanimous vote at the Fourteenth Annual Session, 
I immediately assembled the Council of Administration, and by their aid and that of 
my Stair Oflicers, devised plans to continue the good work of the organization of 
new I'osis and Departments which has marked the preceding year. 

I aitpointed a large number of aids-de-caiup witli instructions to visit, officially, as 




I 
Group of National Officers, 1880. 



Administeation of Louis Wagner. 221 

many Posts as possible, and endeavored to impress upon all the officers, that a " yellow 
ribbon " meant not only national honor, but also national work and responsibilities. 

I'ersonally, I have been able to visit the Grand Army in 19 Departments, requiring 
over 14,800 miles of travel. 

These visits enabled me to attend the meetings of twenty Posts, ten Department 
Encampments, five Reunions, two Encampments under cinvas, two Hall Dedica- 
tions, one unveiling of a Monument, four Memorial services, fourteen Camp-fires and 
thirty other gatherings of soldiers. 

I found it impossible to gratify my desire to visit all the Departments, but I be- 
lieve that all east of the mountains, with perhaps a single exception, were visited by 
one or more of your officers 

Large gains in membership and influence have always followed intelligent, sys- 
tematic work. The gains for the year are 240 Posts and over 15,000 members. 

The balance of cash on hand shows that our income has been largely in excess of 
our expenses, notwithstanding the fact that the latter were greater than the aver- 
age of previous years, because of the large amount of new printing required. Under 
these circumstances, and because of the increase of membership to be anticipated dur- 
ing the coming year, assuring us of still greater sources of revenue, would it not be 
well to reduce the per capita tax; or, perhaps, in view of the certain time when our 
numbers must decrease, still better, establish a permanent, interest-bearing fund, by 
the investment of a certain portion of our present income? 

In connection with our linances, it would be well for you to consider the annu- 
ally increasing balances due by certain Departments for supplies. We are compelled 
to pay cash for our purchases, and then wc give credit to an extent actually trouble- 
some of payment to the Departments, and pro.spectively .so to the finances of the 
National Encampment — a resolution directing the Adjutant General to fill no reoui- 
sitions unless accompanied b}" the money may save us some embarrassments in the 
future. 

Numerous questions of appeal or for decisions were received; most of them were 
governed by decisions heretofore made, and were settled by reference to such de- 
cisions; the others, with a single exception, were of so plain a character that I 
was able to pass upon them without troubling the Judge-Advocate-General for his 
views upon the questions at issue. 

Thirteen decisions have been made. 

Permit me to ask your careful consideration of the proposition to make all the 
olficers of the Grand Army of the Republic elective, thus returning to the early 
practice of choosing officers. I feel sure that its adoption would be of great advan- 
tage to oar Older. 

I recommend: — 1st. That the per capita tax be fixed at four cents, or else that it 
remain at six cents, but that one-half of one cent per quarter, for each and every 
member, be invested, by three trustees to be elected by this Encampment, as a per- 
manent fund, the interest upon which shall be re-invested annually for ten years, and 
after that time be devoted to the current expenses of the National Encampment. 

2d. That no requisitions for supplies shall be filled by the Adjutant-General 
unle.ss they are accompanied by the money to pay for the same. 

3d. That the general orders and circulars issued shall be printed annually with 
the Journal of Proceedings. 

When, in pursuance to general orders, issued by Comrade B. F. Stephenson, of 
Illinois, the founder and then acting Commander in-Chief of the Grand Army of the 
Republic, representatives from eleven different States met in this city on November 
20th, 1866, in first annual session, they, as " the representatives of the soldiers and 



222 Grand Army of the Republic. 

sjiilors of the military and naval services of the United States during the late war 
against traitors," re-atlirmed " their devotion to these States, the Constitution and the 
laws of our countr}-, and their abhorrence of treason and ojipression," and in a series 
of six resolutions laid down a platform of principles broad enough and strong enough 
for all the defenders of the Union to stand upon. 

Fifteen years after, we to day, the representatives from thirty-out States and Ter- 
ritories, meet in this same city to renew our vows of fealty to our Order, of loyalty 
to our country, and to gather renewed inspiration for the cause in which we are en- 
listed. 

Our predecessors laid foundations deep and broad, and we have continued to 
build uj)on them a structure of grand proportions — a temple to freedom, in which we 
have raised our altar and otTered up our devotions to the God who preserved us and 
the Nation. We have grown and prospered, increasing in numbers as well as in 
good works and words, and that which was but a little thing fifteen years ago, is to- 
day strong and powerful. May we be equal to the time and the occasion, using our 
power, not for personal gain or glory, but for the benefit and advantage of the whole 
Nation, and from the East, the West, the North and even the South will come bene 
dictions and blessings upon the men whose hearts conceived and perpetuated so glor- 
ious an organization. 

In conclusion, Comrades. I thank you most earnestly for the fraternal feelings 
which prompted you so many times to call me to official positions in this National 
Encampment. You have honored me above my deserts, and as I return into your 
hands the authority with which you vested me one year since, and resume my place 
in the ranks, I pledge myself to continued work in the interests of our Order, and 
may God, who in His infinite love and mercy brought us safely through the fiery seas 
of battle, protect us in our marches and fightings in this life, and guide us, one and 
all by paths of peace into His own Kingdom, to join our comrades who have gone 
before. 

REPORTS OF OFFICERS. 

Adjutaut-General E. B. Beatli presented the follo^viug: 

Number in good standing, December 31, 1879, 44,803 
Gains durincj year: 

By muster-in, ...... 21,B70 

By transfer, ...... 677 

By reinstatement, ...... 4,569 

By errors in reports, ..... 243 

Total gain 26,859 

Aggregate, ....... 71,661 

Losses duriwj year: 

By death, 596 

By honorable discharge, .... 336 

liy transfer, ....... 892 

Suspended, ...... 8,972 

Dishonorably discharged, ..... 89 

Dropped. ...... 98 

Total loss 10,983 

Number remaining in good .standing, December 31, 1880, . 60.678 
Number remaining .suspended this date, .... 4,274 

" Dropped" during the year, having been previously "suspended," 1,809 

Net gain o^n-^^'^o 

Expended for relief during year. ..... 163,597.38 



Administration of Louis Wagnee. 223 

Quartermaster-General "William Ward reported cash receipts 
and previous balance, $24,054.62 ; disbursements, $16,988.88 ; 
cash, $7,065.74 ; total assets, $9,182.18. 

Inspector-General James R. Carnahan presented, in detail, the 
condition of each Department. 

Judge-Advocate-General George B. Squires submitted opinions 
in cases referred to him by the Commander-in-Chief. 

Chaplain-in-Chief J. F. Lovering, in his report, said : 

The Uuiou soldier stands for American manhood ; a manhood strong in physical 
courage; a manhood sturdy in its devotion to the right— cautious, perhaps, but reso- 
lute. It does not easily take offense, but having done so, wishes for no compromise, 
and will give none till the right be vindicated. It will not expose itself unnecessarily, 
but being once aroused has the spirit of that order given by General Dix: If any 
man dare insult the American flag, shoot him on the spot. 

The war of the rebellion showed unmistakably the fibre of heroism running 
throughout the American people — a heroism by no means restricted to any one 
section. 

The war confinns our faith in that law of liberty which respects the manhood in 
every man, despite all differences of race or color, and in that honest dealing which 
upholds human righls even at the sacrifice of blood. It should set a red seal to our 
conviction that principle is always better than policy; that, aside from every other 
consideration, the muscular force of virtue in political enterprise and national life is 
superior to the gymnastic agility of vice. A virtue, stalwart, persistent and heroic, 
will never hesitate at any sacrifice to perform any duty, however desperate, but in the 
spirit of that illustrious captain who conquered the rebellion, will fight it out though 
it take all summer— and winter, too. If I might be allowed a Avord of exhortation to 
those who compose our organization, I would add : 

Comrades, you are the living history of an immortal past. In your hearts pulses 
the life that once rallied with unconquerable enthusiasm, turned defeat into victory, 
and shouted, " Sheridan is coming," In your hearts is the music that still echoes the 
bugle-call of Sherman, which gave the key-note to that chorus which yov sang 

"From Atlanta to the sea. 
As you went marching through Georgia." 

In your hearts glows a soldierly love for him who stands before the world an un- 
matched hero, a stalwart patriot, an incorruptible American citizen — Ulysses S. Grant. 

You are the custodians of sacred memories. Ah , those memories are fast multiplying. 
Our conflict with time is more fatal, though it may be more bloodless than that in war. 
Within the last year 596 members of the Grand Army of the Republic have fallen in 
death. Thank God, in our faithful memory they belong to us still. "Our dead" are 
ours by a sacred right of possession. No mountain cliff is more enduring than that 
" rock of Chickamauga," George H. Thomas; and still above the smoke of the battle 
of Mobile we can see, as in life, the gallant form of brave old Farragut, while every 
grave of the humblest soldier or sailor, is made honorable by the thought that he gave 
himself for the country so dear to us all. Let us cherish their memories as a treasure 
beyond price. 

You are the trustees of that living power of patriotism which looks to a great future 
for our great Nation. In your hands to day history, memory, hope— the past, the pre- 



224 Grand Army of the Republic. 

sent and the future uuitc iu all that is associated with, in all that enters into the actual 
life, iu all that determines the prospects of the Grand Army of the Republic. Let us 
be true to it here and everywhere, till there shall be, indeed, throughout this land of 
liberty, one country and one tiag. 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Address of the Comniander-in-Cbief : — E. W. Chamberlain, 
Illinois ; W. F. Conrad, Iowa ; J. N. Patterson, New Hampshire ; 
W. B. Jones, Pennsylvania ; John Palmer, New York. 

On Report of the Adjutant-General : — R. L. Roberts, New Jer- 
sey ; G. W. Keeler, Connecticut ; C. V. R. Pond, Michigan ; S. J. 
Alexander, Nebraska ; Ben. D. House, Indiana. 

On Report of the Quartermaster-General : — "Wm. Gibson, Poto- 
mac ; Jno. McCarthy, Connecticut ; S. W. Lane, Maine ; J. J. Fitz- 
gerrell, Mountain ; Samuel Harper, Pennsylvania. 

On Report of the Inspector-General: — C. H, Houghton, New 
Jersey ; J. W. Burst, Illinois ; W. H. Bright, New York ; S. L. 
Fuller, Iowa ; S. S. Burdett, Potomac. 

On Report of the Chaplain-in-Chief : — H. M. Durfey, Connec- 
ticut ; J. N. Richardson, Maryland ; A. C. Monroe, Massachusetts ; 
J. D. McClure, Illinois ; G. West, Mountain, 

On Report of the Surgeon-General : — W, W. Brown, Pennsyl- 
vania ; ^y. Q. Huggins, New York ; J. G. B. Adams, Massachu- 
setts ; B. R. Pierce, Michigan ; G. S. Canfield, Ohio. 

On Report of the Judge-Advocate-General : — W. H. Baldwin, 
Ohio ; W. D. McCullough, Indiana ; J. H. Suter, Maryland ; J. C. 
Walkinshaw, Kansas ; O, B, Warren, New Hampshire. 

On Rules, Regulations, and Ritual : — H. B. Peirce, Massachu- 
setts ; J. M. Vanderslice, Pennsylvania ; J. S. Kountz, Ohio ; G. 
Dukehart, Maryland ; A. W. Collins, California. 

On Woman's Relief Corps : — Chaplain-in-Chief Lovering ; 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Bowers ; B. Crabb, New Hamp- 
shire. 

PENSIONS. 

Comrade Paul Brodie, Potomac, presented a Preamble and 
Resolution calling attention to the great delay in settlement of 
pension claims, and providing for a committee of thirteen to in- 
quire into the subject and report their recommendations to the 
Commander-in-Chief. 



Administkation of Louis Wagner. 225 

Committee : — Paul Broclie, Potomac ; E. D, Swain, Illinois ; 
Chas. L. Young, Ohio ; Jas. Tanner, New York ; A. B. Beers, 
Connecticut ; A. Ames, Jr., Massackusetts ; J. AY. Babbitt, New 
Hampshire ; Paul Yan Dervoort, Nebraska ; W. E. W. Koss, 
Maryland ; B. D. House, Indiana ; Chas. Burrows, New Jersey; J. 
M. Yanderslice, Pennsylvania ; P. Y. Carey, loAva. 

Commander-in-Chief Wagner and Commander-in-Chief elect 
Geo. S. Merrill, were added to this committee. 



HISTORY AND PUBLICATION. 

Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief Swain presented resolutions 
from Geo. H. Thomas Post, of Chicago, relative to History and 
Publication, which were referred to a special committee consisting 
of E. D. Swain, Illinois ; J. F. Loveriug, Massachusetts ; GriflP. J. 
Thomas, AYisconsin ; A. M. K. Storrie, Pennsylvania ; G. Y. Mas- 
sey, Delasvare. 

They afterwards reported as follows : 

The subject is one of far more than ordinary importance in its bearing upon the 
records of the dead and living, and we deem it eminently proper that it should be 
dealt with in a manner becoming its magnitude, and to that end your committee re- 
port the following resolutions: 

Resolved, That a standing committee of seven (of which the Commander-in-Chief 
and the Adjutant-General shall be ex-officio members) be appointed by the Commander- 
in-Chief, to confer with the Secretary of "War and others having charge of the publica- 
tion of the ]VIilitary History of the Rebellion, in order thai patent errors in military 
reports may be corrected, and impaitial justice may be done to the memory of the 
dead and the living. 

Resolved. That an auxiliary committee of one from each Department be appointed 
by the Commander-in-Chief, on the recommendation of the several Department Com- 
manders, whose duty shall be to collect matters relative to the military history of the 
troops of the several Departments, and forward the same to the chairman of the 
standing committee. 

Resohed, That the headquarters of the committee shall be established at Grand 
Ai-my Headquarters, and all correspondence shall be there addressed to the chairman. 



REPORTS FROM COMMITTEES. 

The Committee on Address of the Commander-in-Chief con- 
curred in the recommendation for the election of the Quartermas- 
ter-General by the Encampment, and that trustees be elected to in- 
vest the funds of the National Encampment in interest-bearing 

securities. 

15 



226 Grand Army of the Republic. 

The recoinmeii(lations were not, however, concurred in by the 
Encampment. 

The committee continued ; 

The committee cannot too highly commend to the National Encampment the valu- 
able services rendered, at his own cost and expense, by Commander-in Chief Louis 
Wagner during the past year. His able report is conclusive evidence of his earnest 
"vvork and devotion to the interests of our Order, and we can only hope that the same 
success that has attended his efforts may attend those of his successor. The committee, 
therefore, recommend that a committee of five be appointed to prepare a suitable tes- 
timonial to the retiring Commander-in-Chief. 

This resolution was adopted by a rising and unanimous vote. 
The following were afterwards appointed the committee provided 
for in the resolution : — E. W. Chamberlain, Illinois ; J. G. B. 
Adams, Massachusetts ; George B. Squires, New York ; Geo. V. 
Massej, Delaware ; A. M. Way, New Jersey, who had a valuable 
gold badge made and presented to Comrade Wagner. 

The Committee on Report of Adjutant-General E. B. Beath 
concurred in his recommendations for the closer study of the 
Manual ; that Posts delinquent for returns for over twenty days 
should be so published in General Orders. 

The report bears evidence of careful and painstaking labor, that its tabular state- 
ments are not only invaluable to the Order in general, but are exhaustive and complete 
in ever>' sense, and, in view of these facts, your committee beg leave to report the fol- 
lowing resolution: 

Reaolrc'd, That the thanks of the National Encampment are due and are hereby ten- 
dered to Comrade Robert B. Beath, for the very valuable and interesting report of 
the result of his labors as Adjutant-General of the Grand Army of the Republic for 
the year ending June 16th, 1881. • 

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions, suitably engrossed, be presented to 
Adjutant-General Beatli, as a testimonial of the high appreciation in which the 
National Encampment holds his services. 

The Committee on Report of Chaplain-in-Chief Loveriug re- 
ported the following : 

Whereas, The Chaplain-in-Chief has shown by the report of his work during the 
past year, a j)raiseworthy zeal in the performance of his duties, therefore, 

liemlml. That the thanks of the National Encamjnnent be tendered to Comrade 
Jos. F. LovEui.N(i, for (he faithful and zealous discharge of his duties as Chaplain-iu- 
Chitff of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

The report was adojited and the resolutions were afterwards 
neatly engrossed, framed and presented to Chaplain-in-Chief Lov- 
eriug. 



Administration of Louis Wagner. 227 

The Committee on Report of Surgeon-General A. C. Hamlin 
agreed on the recommendation for discontinuing medical reports 
on Form F, and to substitute a report showing the money value 
of the professional services of Post Surgeons, and a report of 
comrades wounded in the service. 

The Committee on Report of Quartermaster-General Wm. 
Ward recommended that thereafter all financial tables should be 
included only in the Quartermaster-General's report. 

The Committee on Report of Inspector-General J. R. Carna- 
han agreed in his recommendations for more systematic inspec- 
tions, and that reports should show the result by proper marking 
of the grades, excellent, good, fair. Relative to uniforms they re- 
ported : 

Departments which have adopted a uniform are not only the largest in numerical 
strength, but take a deeper interest in the Order. It has been a great incentive to 
those Departments. We believe its adoption by others will prove its incalculable 
worth. 

We approve the recommendations of the Inspector-General, that in Departments 
where it has not already been done, the comrades urge upon the legislatures of their 
respective States the enactment of a law declaring the thirtieth day of May — "Me- 
morial Day "—a legal holiday. 

In regard to the recommendation that this National Encampment should pass some 
rule whereby auditing committees should be required to make more thorough and 
careful examination of accounts of officers than is found in many Departments, 
we are of the opinion that the Rules and Regulations invests the Department Council 
of Administration with authority sufficient to compel a proper examination of such 
accounts, and would therefore recommend that no action be taken. 

In conclusion, we would suggest the importance of Posts providing themselves 
■with copies of the new Manual, and a sufficient number of Rules and Regulations to 
supply every comrade with a copy, so that it may be thoroughly examined, to the end 
that they may fully understand the general workings of the Order. 

The recommendations contained in the resolutions adopted by Stephenson Post 
No. 30, Department of Illinois, are concurred hx, when amended so as to read "and 
alhnv any honorably discharged Union soldier over sixty years of age the privilege of 
entering the National Homes." 

woman's relief corps. 
The committee reported : 

Whereas, In several Departments of the Grand Army of the Republic legal or- 
ganizations of women have been formed for the furtherance of charitable and other 
work, under the auspices of separate Posts; and 

Whereas, In one instance, a State organization, called the Woman's State Relief 
Corps, has been formed, having in its jurisdiction sixteen subordinate corps, with a 
membership of between eight and nine hundred; and 



228 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Whereas, The President of that State organization, writing to your committee, 
says: " We earnestly hope the National Encampment may in its wisdom decide to au- 
thorize the formation of a Woman's National Relief Corps "; and 

Whekeas, This authorization siguities only a public recognition of their valuable 
and self-imposed service, without any responsibility or direction as to their works or 
methods; and 

WuEREAS, We believe it to be our honorable privilege to recognize the magnificent 
loyalty displayed by the patriotic women of the North during the war of the rebellion, 
bj' their loving prayers in our homes, by their contributions to the Christian and San- 
itary Commissions, and by their womanly fidelity and devotion on the battle-field and 
in the hospital ; therefore 

Resolved, That we cordially approve of the work which has already been done by 
the Woman's Relief Corps, and every other organization of loyal women, for the 
furtherance of the principles of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

Resolved, That we approve of the project entertained of organizing a Woman's 
National Relief Corps. 

Resolved, That such Woman's National Relief Corps may use under such title the 
words "Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic by special endorsement of the 
National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, June 15, 1881." 

Resolved, That should there be any necessity of any official communication between 
the Headquarters of the National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic 
and the Woman's National Relief Corps, it shall be through the office of the Chaplain- 
in-Chief, who shall be charged with the duty of making known this action at any 
convention called for the purpose of perfecting the organization proposed, viz., the 
Woman's National Relief Corps. 



RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

The committee had uo important changes to recommend in the 
Rules or Ritual. 

The proposition submitted by Comrade G. B. Squires, New 
York, for a distinctive badge for comrades who had served in the 
Kavy, was referred to a committee consisting of Fred. Lutz, Penn- 
sylvania ; J. F. Meech, Massachusetts ; John McCarthy, Connec- 
ticut, who reported as appropriate, "A plain metal anchor, in 
bronze or gold, shank one inch in length, witli chain coiled around 
the stock and shank, to be worn in the center of the top of the 
cap." 

SONS OP VETERANS. 

Tlic Committee on the Sons of Veterans ro])orted : 

That ti»ey liave carefully considered the matter of an official recognition of this 
organization, and, while believing that an organization of this kind, based solely upon 



Administeation of Louis AYagnek. 229 

its loyalty to our flag and country, is entitled to the respect and encouragement of our 
Order, we have not sufficient data, upon which to base a recommenflation for their full 
recognition. 

They would recommend that in all Departments the Posts be instructed that, sub- 
ject to the approval of the Department Commander, they are at perfect liberty to or- 
ganize bodies of the Sons of Veterans, taking the necessary precautions to guard 
against any encroachments upon our Order. 

The Sons of Veterans are all that their name implies; they are of the best blood 
of the land, and as such should be encouraged in following the footsteps of their il- 
lustrious predecesso'S. 

We would recommend that a special committee be appointed to communicate with 
that organization, and obtain the necessary information in regard to its objects and 
aims, to enable the committee to report intelligently at the next National Encamp- 
ment. 

We also recommend to the Sons of Veterans a uniformity of name and organiza- 
tion, in which they shall not use the official titles of the Grand Army, and that they 
shall wear some prominent mark or badge or uniform to distinguish them from the 
Grand Army of the Republic. 



TESTIMONIALS. 

Comrade Squires from the committee to prepare for Past Com- 
mander-in-Chief Eobinson a series of resolutions, ordered by the 
National Encampment of 1879, on the retirement of Comrade 
Eobinson after two years of service, reported that the resolutions, 
handsomely engrossed and framed, would be presented to Comrade 
Robinson in the evening. 

•Comrade Beath, from the committee appointed at the last En- 
campment to prepare a testimonial to Past Commander-in-Chief 
Earnshaw, reported that the committee had selected a handsome 
gold badge, which would be presented to Comrade Earnshaw at 
this session. 

EESOLUTIONS. 

The Adjutant-General was directed to enter on the records 
a proper minute of the appreciation of the Encampment for the 
many courtesies and kindnesses extended by the Meridian Club, 
the Posts and the Department of Indiana, the press and citizens 
generally, as follows : 

The National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, before closing its 
fifteenth annual session, desires to put upon record its earnest thanks for the cordial 
reception extended by the constituted authorities of the State of Indiana, the city of 



230 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Indianapolis, the Department Encampment and the citizens of Indianapolis gener- 
ally. 

The members of the National Encampment expected to receive a fraternal wel- 
come at the hands of their comrades of Geo. II. Thomas Post No. 17, and the De- 
partment of Indiana at large, but the magnificent manner iu which they were re- 
ceived by His Excellency, Governor Porter, and His Honor, Mayor Grubbs, upon 
whose invitation the citizens of Indianapolis assembled in such large numbers at the 
reception tendered us last evening, and the welcome extended to us by the Meridian 
Club, Senator Harrison and other residents of the city, exceed anything we had a 
right to expect. Therefore 

Resolved, That the Adjutant-General be and is hereby directed officially to 
acknowledge the various courtesies tendered to us, and to express the hope that the 
ranks of the Grand Army in Indianapolis and in Indiana, may be strengthened by the 
accession of many of our late comrades in arms. 



SOCIETY OF THE RED CROSS. 

Comrade S. S. Burdett, Potomac, presented the following, 
which was unanimously adopted : 

Wherkas, The articles of the convention for the amelioration of the condition of 
the wounded in armies in the field, signed at Geneva on the 22d of August, 1864, are 
intended to make universal the law of kindness and brotherhood in times of war, and 
so to palliate its horrors among the sick and fallen; and 

Whereas, The principles formulated by the Geneva convention have been adopted 
by treaty by nearly all of the civilized nations of the earth, and are now presented for 
the sanction and adoption of the government of the United States by Miss Clara Bar- 
ton, the delegate of the central commission having the matter in charge; and 

Whereas, The beneficent purposes of the convention commend themselves with 
peculiar force to the remnants of the Grand Army of the Republic who remember the 
battle-fields and hospitals where their comrades fell and suffered; therefore, 

Resolted, By the Grand Army of the Republic in National Encampment assem- 
bled, that the purposes of the Geneva convention meet our hearty approval, and its 
work is commended to the earnest attention of the treaty-making power, to the end 
that our own country, saved by the Grand Army, may be placed in the column of na- 
tions who recognize that tlie love of mercy may survive and conquer the evil passions 
engendered by war. 

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to Miss Clara Barton, and that a 
copy be forwarded to the Secretary of State at Washington. 



Section 1754, Revised Statutes. 

The following was adopted : 

Resolved, As the sense of this Encampment, that tlie President of the United States 
be respectfully requested to see that the provisions of Section 1754 of the Revised 
Statutes, which provides for the appointment and promotion of honorably discharged 
disabled soldiers and sailors in the civil service, be strictly enforced. 



Administration of Louis Wagner. 231 

election of officers. 

The following were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, Geo. S. Merrill, Massachusetts. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Charles L. Young, Ohio. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, C. V. R. Pond, Michigan. 
Surgeon-General, Dr. Charles Styer, Pennsylvania. 
Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. Jos. F. Lovering. (Sixth term.) 



COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

California, Ira Moore ; Connecticut, Henry M. Durfey ; Dela- 
ware, W. Y. Swigget ; Illinois, John Stephens ; Indiana, W. H. 
Armstrong ; Iowa, A. N. Guthrie ; Kansas, J. C. Carpenter ; Maine, 
H. F. Blanchard ; Maryland, C. H. Richardson ; Massachusetts, 
Silas A. Barton ; Michigan, O. A. Janes ; Mountain, Jno. A. Coul- 
ter ; Nebraska, F. E. Brown ; New Hampshire, J. N. Patterson ; 
New Jersey, D. A. Peloubet ; New York, W. H. Bright ; Ohio, W. 
H. Baldwin ; Pennsylvania, Robert F. Potter ; Potomac, S. S. 
Burdett ; Rhode Island, R. H. I. Goddard ; Vermont, E. J. Ormsby ; 
Virginia, H. B. Nicholls ; AVisconsin, H. B. Harshaw. 

CAMP-FIRE AND RECEPTIONS. 

On the evening of June 15th the Park Theatre was filled by an 
enthusiastic audience. Colonel W. W. Dudley presided. 

Governor Porter, of Indiana, made an eloquent address in ex- 
tending the welcome of the citizens of Indiana to the members of 
the Grand Army. He was followed by his Honor, Mayor Grubbs, 
of Indianapolis. Commander-in-Chief Wagner returned the 
thanks of the Encampment to the representatives of the State and 
city, and the ladies and gentlemen present, for the hospitality 
extended the visiting comrades. 

The engrossed resolutions for Past Commander-in-Chief John 
C. Robinson, presented by order of the Encampment, were re- 
ceived for him, in his absence, by Comrade James Tanner, New 
York. 

On behalf of the Encampment, Comrade Chill W. Hazzard, 
Pennsylvania, presented to Past Commander-in-Chief Earnshaw, 
a beautiful gold badge, a combination of the badges of the Armies 



232 (iRAND Army of the IIepublic. 

of the Potomac and the Cumberland and the Grand Army of the 
Eepiiblic, Avith a cross studded with diamonds under the rank 
badge of a Commander-in-Chief. On the back was inscribed : 
" Comrade William Earnshaw, for valued services as Commander- 
in-Chief, 1879-1880, Grand Army of the Kepublic." 

THE CAMP-FIRE. 

The public exercises closed on Thursday afternoon by a camp- 
lire in the Park Theatre. 

Addresses were made by Commander-in-Chief Merrill, Com- 
rades Tanner, J. G. B. Adams and Chaplain Earnshaw. 

Recitations were given by Comrades George B. Squires, New- 
York, and A. M. K. Storrie, Pennsylvania. 








^lt^C^:<c^ 



CHAPTER XX. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF GEO. S. MERRILL- 
SIXTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION, BALTIMORE, JUNE 21, 1882. 

Commander-in-Chief Merrill established Headquarters in 
Boston, with the following staff: 

Adjutant-General, AVm, M. Olin, Massachusetts. 
Quartermaster-General, Wm. Ward, re-appointed. 
Inspector-General, Jas. R. Carnahan, re-appointed. 
Judge-Advocate-General, Geo. B. Squires, re-appointed. 

Major Geo. 8. Merrill, Commander-in-Chief, was born in 
Methuen, Massachusetts, in 1839. He served an apprenticeship 
in the composing-room of the Lawrence Courier, and in his twen- 
tieth year purchased an interest in the Lawrence American, of 
Avhich paper he became sole prej^rietor in 1860. He was a mem- 
ber of the Common Council of Lawrence in 1839-1861, and again 
after the war, in 1865-66, being President of that body during the 
latter years. In 1861 he was appointed Postmaster at Lawrence 
by President Lincoln. In August, 1862, when the call was made 
for nine mouths men, he assisted in raising Company B, 4th Mas- 
sachusetts Volunteers, of which he Avas commissioned as First 
Lieutenant, and was promoted Captain, December, 1862. His Reg- 
iment went with General Banks' expedition to Louisiana, where 
it participated in the siege of Port Hudson, and in other opera- 
tions in the Department of the Gulf. He was re-appointed Post- 
master after the war, and discharged the duties of the office until 
a recent date, when he retired on the appointment of a successor 
by President Cleveland. Major Merrill is at present Commander 
of the 1st Battalion of Light Artillery of the Massachusetts Mili- 
tia. In 1883 he was Commander of the Ancient and Honorable 
Artillery Company, of Boston. 

He is at j^resent ,(1888) Insurance Commissioner of Massachu- 
setts. 

Comrade Merrill was a charter member of Needham Post No. 
39, Lawrence, and its first Commander ; was Department-Com- 

[233J 



2;U (IkANI) AkMV of IIIK IlKlMJlilJC. 

ni;iii(lor, 1H75, Ho Iuih iniHmul uttendjince in l)ut two soKsions of 
tlio Natioujil Encanipinont. Ih noted aw a Hkillful pariianicntariau 
and Htroug debater. He has been chairman of the National Com- 
niitteo on PenwionH since retiring as Commander-in-Chief. 

(lejieijil ('has. L. V'onng, Senior Yice-Comraander-in-Chief, 
was l)orn in All)any, New York, November 2Ii, 18:{H. 

lie enlisted in May, 18(11, in tlie 1st Ilcgiiiuuit, Excelsior Brig- 
ade, of New York ; proniot(;d First Lieutenant, June 13, 18(51 ; 
Captain, May 6, 1802, and recommended on the field by General N. 
Taylor and (leneral Hooker, for proinotioii as Major ; brevotted 
Lieutenant-Colonel for gallant and meritorious services during 
the rebellion. AVas wounded at Chancellorsville, aad again in the 
AVilderuess, but not disabled for duty, and participated in all the 
battles in which his command was engaged. He is an active mem- 
ber of Forsyth Post, Toledo, Ohio, 

Comrade Young was appointed Quartermaster-General, with 
rank of ]5rigadier-General, by the (Jovernor of Ohio, in 1878. 

Major (!orn(dius V. R. Pond, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 
served as llegimontal Quartermaster, 12th Connecticut Volunteers, 
November 1st, 18(11, until C(mip(dled to resign by continued ill- 
health, March 1, 18()3. He joined C. O. Loomis Post No. 2, 
Quincy, Michigan, January, 1878, and, in April, was appointed 
Commander of the Provisional Department, and, on the formation 
of the Pcirmanent Department, was elected ])epartment-Com- 
iii;iii(l(r. lie served two terms as Commander of his Post, and 
was noted, in all these positions, for his zealous efforts on behalf 
of the Order. He has taken an activ(j intc^rest in public aflairs, 
and s(!rv<'d a numlx'r of years as Postmaster. 

Dr. ('h;is. Stycu', Surg(!oii-(ien(iral, servcnl in the three months 
service as a Private. Apjjointed Assistant Surgeon, 45th Pennsyl- 
vania Volunteers, June; 31, 1802 ; promoted Surgeon, 90th Pennsyl- 
vania Volunte(!rs, January IM, 1803 ; resigiuid in IMay, 1803, and af- 
terwards serv(Hl in the Pliiladelphia Hospitals. Appointed Assist- 
aiil Surgeon, U. S. A., October 9, 180)7. Kesigned June 30, 1878, 
Hiid returned to Pliiludel])hia to <Mit(M- into practice. Joined E. 
I ). r.;iker Post No. 8, Philadelphia, August 8, 1878. Post Surgeon 



Administration of George S. Merrill. 285 

for two years ; Post Commander in 1881; Medical Director, De- 
partment of Pennsylvania, 1880. 

Colonel William M. Olin, Adjutant-General, served as a Private 
in the 36th Massachusetts Volunteers, from August 14, 1862, until 
mustered-out, June 8, 1865. 

He was mustered in Post 11, G. A. R., Charlestown, in 1872 ; 
afterwards transferred to Post 26, Roxbury, now his home. 
Served as Adjutant in 1880, Senior Vice-Commander, 1881, and 
Post Commander, 1882-1883. 

The other members of the executive staff were re-appointed : 
Quartermaster-General Wm. Ward, Insj^ector-General J, R. Car- 
nahan and Judge-Advocate-General Geo. B. Squires. 

General Orders No. 10, dated September 20, 1881, announced 
the death of President Garfield. 

Our old companion in arms, the pure patriot, brave wairior, wise statesman, noble 
ruler, Christian hero, has been mustered-out of the living army to join the ranks of 
the invisible hosts above. To-day, in every home in our broad land, there is one dead. 

But there is no death to him who.se life has 1)een brave, and generous, and true; 
though the sleeping form may molder into dust, his memory lives in immortal j'outh; 
and in this hour of universal gloom, we temper our sorrow and dry our tears in the 
sunshine of his great worth and bright example. 

Spared from the peril of hotly contested fields. General Gaupield has fallen by 
the assassin's bullet, but not till he had given to the Republic, in (he fullness of a well- 
rounded manhood, a life of purity, sweetness and nobility which will stand as an ex- 
ample to youth, through unnumbered years to come. 

Reference to the deaths of Past Commanders-in-Chief Hurlbut 
and Burnside, will be found in the address of Commander-in-Chief 
Merrill, following. 

In the Memorial DAi: Order, dated April 20, 1882, referring to 
" the ever-lengthening roll of those passed from our ranks to join 
the invisible hosts beyond," he said : 

Upon the bud and blossom, leaf and laurel we one j^ear ago laid upon the grass- 
grown mounds, has fallen the heat of summer and the snow of winter, and their beauty 
and perfume are gone forever; but as we join in the.se sadly sweet ceremonies, the 
story of valor and patriotism we will keep as fresh in our memories and as fragrant in 
our hearts, as when for the first time we came to bedeck these shrines with the early 
offerings of an opening spring. 

To country, these fallen comrades offered the service and sacrifice of their lives; 
let us reverently give one day in loyal devotion to their memories ; search out every 



286 Grand Army of thp: IIupublic. 

one of tRcir known rcstinej places, so that in all our broad land, wherever exists a Post 
of the Grand Army, not a single grave of a union soldier or sailor shall be unvisited — 
not one which willing lingers and grateful hearts do not unite to cover with myrtle 
and evergreen, entwined with bright blossoms upon which the glad sunlight has 
painted something of eternal beauty, tokens of life's frailty, emblems of valor's im- 
mortality. 

SIXTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION. 

The National Eucainpmeut met in Baltimore, June 21, 1882 ; 
Commander-in-Cliief Geo. S. Merrill presiding. 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

Adjutant-General W. M. Olin; Chill "W. Hazzard, Pennsylvania; 
M. J. Fitzgerald, Mountain ; W. H. H. Flick, West Virginia ; AVal- 
ter H. Holmes, California. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief Geo. 8. Merrill. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Charles L. Young. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief C. V. R. Pond. 
Surgeon-General Chas. Styer, M. D. 
Chaplain-in-Chief Rev. Jos. F. Lovering. 
Adjutant-General William M. Olin. 
Quartermaster-General William Ward. 
Inspector-General Jas. R. Carnahan. 
Judge-Advocate-General George B. Squires. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Connecticut, H. M. Durfey ; Delaware, W. Y. Swigget ; Illinois, 
John Stephens ; Indiana, AV. H. Armstrong ; Iowa, A. W. Guthrie ; 
Massachusetts, Silas A. Barton ; Maryland, Chas. H. Richardson ; 
Michigan, O. A. Janes ; Nebraska, F. E. Brown ; New Hampshire, 
J. N. Patterson ; New Jersey, Chas. P. Brown ; Ohio, W. H. Bald- 
win ; Pennsylvania, Robert F. Potter ; Potomac, Paul Brodie ; 
Vermont, E. J. Ormsby ; Virginia, Geo. B. Carse ; Wisconsin, H. 
B. Harshaw. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

California, 3; Connecticut, 11; Delaware, 6; Illinois, 10; In- 
diana, 5; Iowa, 4; Kansas, 8 ; Maine, 10 ; Maryland, 11; Massa- 
chu.^etts, in ; Michigan, 4 ; Minnesota, 2 ; Missouri 4 ; Mountain, 




Group of National Officers, 1881. 



Administration of George S. Merrill. 237 

2 ; Nebraska, 7 ; New Hampshire, 6 ; New Jersey, 15 ; New York, 
25 ; Ohio, 16 ; Pennsylvania, 29 ; Potomac, 13 ; Rhode Island, 7 ; 
Vermont, 3 ; Virginia, 10 ; Wisconsin, 3 ; Provisional Department 
West Virginia, 2. Departments, 26 ; Department Officers and 
Representatives, 227. 

address of commander-in-chief GEO. S. MERRILL. 

When, by your suffrages, chosen to this position a twelvemonth ago, I found the 
ploughing and seeding had been so well done by my predecessors that the field was al- 
ready white to the harvest, and the company of willing reapers so numerous and well or- 
ganized that the year has proven of exceptional, I may say of phenomenal ingatheiing, 
the gain in membership, from April to April, having been above 33.000, double that 
of any one of the previous ten years, and, with the large number of new Posts organ- 
ized since, and the natural growth of the second quarter, giving us, without doubt, 
to-day, a membership of fully 100,000 upon the rolls of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public. 

And this great growth has equalled in character its extent ; many of the very best 
among the veterans, who joined our organization in its early days, soon to drop out of the 
ranks, and others who from various reasons of prejudice or indifference stood aloof 
from the first, have learned to respect the principles and admire the work of the 
Grand Army, and have now cordially come in, and best of all, they have come to 
stay. 

At the beginning of the year, following the excellent plan of my predecessor, in 
official visitations, which had proved productive of admirable results, and with the cor 
dial commendation of the Council of Administration, I arranged for visits to as many 
sections as possible, and have thus been able to personally meet comrades in 23 De- 
partments, traveling over 23,700 miles. 

The committee appointed at the last session, to consider the question of pensions, 
and to whom all resolutions on that subject were referred, designated a sub-committee 
of five. Past Commander-in-Chief Wagner, Comrades Brodie, Tanner, Ames, and the 
Commander in-Chief , who spent some days in Washington, in consultation with the 
Commissioner of Pensions and the committees of the two houses of Congress, with 
most satisfactory results. 

A committee of five was also appointed, consisting of Past Commander-in-Chief 
Robinson, Comrades Tanner, Ames, Brodie, and the Commander-in-Chief, who waited 
upon the President of the United States, to present the view^s of this Encampment in 
relation to giving the preference in positions in the governmental service, to veteran 
soldiers and sailors of the Union. The President kindly made for us a special appo.'nt- 
ment, and expressed himself heartily in favor of the principle presented, with the as- 
surance that his influence would be cordially in the direction of the most liberal inter- 
pretation of the provisions of the statutes declaring that in appointments the prefer- 
ence be given to the defenders of the Republic. 

The organization of Ladies Relief Corps and of Sons of Veterans, have made consid- 
erable progress in several Departments, and generally met with encouragement from 
our comrades ; while I believe we should keep our own organization entirely distinct 
from direct alliance with any other, we cannot afford biit to welcome every association 
which promises to aid in our great work, especially wiien composed of the wives, sis- 
ters and sons of veterans. I am, however, opposed, now or hereafter, to opening the 



238 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

doors of the Graml Army of the Republic, to :iuy person whatever, who was not 
himself among the defenders of the Union against rebellion. No one, not even our 
sons, can appreciate the memories of camp and march, of bivouac and battle, as those 
who were participants therein; the scenes of the great struggle can never be to them 
what they are to us, and while we encourage and welcome the organization of our sons 
in a society whose purposes are akin to ours, let our own recruiting ranks be only 
those closed forever with the end of the war, and when the last veteran shall receive 
his final discharge from life's arm}^ let there close with him, except in its glorious 
record and bright memory, the last scene in the life of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public. 

The year now closing, while full of gladsome growth, has been sorrowfully event- 
f vd, and Memorial Day brought to oiu" hearts and memories, commingling with the 
tears of personal sorrow, grief for the loss of illustrious leaders. 

The list of our Past Commanders-in-Chief has been broken for the first time since 
the organization of the Grand Army of the Republic, and two honored names trans 
ferred from the army of the living to the rolls of the rapidly increasing hosts beyond. 
Comrade Stephen A. HuRLBrx, who first held this office under our permanent or- 
ganization, died on foreign shores, while in the civil service of the country whose in- 
tegrity he loyally defended amid the strife of arms; a brave soldier, his early service 
for the Grand Army was of that earnest, enthusiastic character, in those days of " small 
things," which entitles him to our grateful and lasting remembrance. 

iVnd yet another,— Comrade Ambrose E. Buknside, third Commander-in-Chief, 
and the earliest whose name still remained upon our list of membership, answers no 
more to the roll call in our annual encampments. Burnside ! The loving and loved; 
modest as brave; Avith tlie unaffected simplicity of childhood, the tenderness of wo- 
man, the devotion of a lover; great-hearted, white-souled chieftain, — we weave our 
choicest chapleis to encircle the name written in golden letters upon the everlasting 
tablets of our hearts. 

And in all our laud, through the weeks of weary watching, no hearts more rever- 
ently bowed at the bedside of the stricken soldier President, than of his old comrades 
in arms. And when the end came, the veterans of the Republic felt that they right- 
fully .stood within the sorrowing circle of relationship, bound by the comradeship 
born of battle, and cemented in a conflict for the highest weal of man. Patriot, 
scholar, soldier, statesman ; the glory of Garfield's life, the sweetness of his memory, 
is a part of the inheritance of every soldier of the Union. 

********** 

The Grand Army is to-day the representative organization of the soldiera and sailors 
of America; the one great a.ssociation Avhich includes the veterans of every army, and 
all ranks; the men who followed the flag upon the land and who fought beneath its 
folds upon the sea; men of every nationality, color and creed ; the officer who wore 
the well won stars of a general, and the private Avhose only badge of distinction Avas 
in patriotic and faithful service in the ranks, — all upon the common level of comrades 
of the flag. 

.Seventeen years have successively come and gone since the ranks from Avhich the 
Grand Army can be recruited Avere closed forever ; as an organization, Ave have nearly 
reached tlie summit of our life, and shall soon be marching, Avilh ceaseless tnuup, but 
ever le.s.seniiig tread, adowu the slope, toward the land beyond, Avhere the waves of 
eternity's ocean are ever beating upon the sjiiid and shingle of the shore. Let us strive 
to so fulfil our duty to ourselves, our country and oiu- God, that Avhen our last battle 
has been fought, our last march ended, Ave may join the Grand Army of Peace in their 
.shining tents upon the eternal campinj 



ADMINISTRATION OF GeORGE S. MeRRILL. 239 

On motiou of Comrade James McQuade, NeAv York, the 
Commander-in-Cliief was requested " to furnish a copy of his ad- 
mirable address to the Press for publication, in order that its 
noble sentiments, embodying such a perfect presentation of the 
objects and principles of the Grand Army of the Republic, may 
be generally disseminated among the veteran soldiers and sailors 
of the Union." 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General William M, Olin reported : 

Members in good standing December 31, 1880, . . 60,678 

December 31, 1881, . . . 85,856 



Gain for the year, . . . . . .25,178 

Members in good standing March 31, 1881, . . 62,302 

March 31, 1882, . . . 89,934 



Gain between March 31, 1881, and March 31, 1882, . 27,632 

Total Gain since December 31, 1880, . . 29,256 

Chailers have been issued for Permanent Departments in Minnesota and Missouri. 
On the 6th of December, 1881, a special order was issued authorizing Comrade F. A. 
Sparling, Provisional Commander of Washington TeiTitory, to organize a Permanent 
Department there. 

In December last, at the request of the Department of Indiana, and with the con- 
sent of the Department of Illinois, the Posts at Louisville, Lexington, Danville and Lan- 
caster, all in Kentucky, were transferred from the jurisdiction of Illinois to that of Indi- 
ana. A recent special order, however, c"reating a Provisional Department in Kentucky, 
under Comrade James C. Michie, of Covington, places them under home jurisdiction, 
with new Posts at Covington and Newport. Posts have been organized at Fort 
Yates, Fort Abraham Lincoln, and Bismarck, Dakota Territory, chiefly through the 
instrumentality of Comrade P. V. Carey, late Department-Commander of Iowa. 

In Tennessee new Posts have been organized at Nashville, Chattanooga, and Mem- 
phis, by Comrade Carnahan, Inspector-General, and assigned to the Department of 
Indiana. Comrade Carnahan has also organized a Post at Oweusboro, Kentucky, 
which becomes a part of Comrade Michie's command. In addition to the.se, steps are 
being taken to organize posts at Knoxville, and other places in Tennessee, at Sher- 
man, Texas, at Elizabeth City, North Carolina, and in South Carolina. Much interest 
is manifested among old soldiers in New Mexico, and that Territory has been placed 
under the jurisdiction of Department Commander Walkinshaw, of Kansas, who pro- 
poses soon to visit it and organize Posts. 

He recommended, for the more economical and efficient con- 
duct of business, the consolidation of the offices of Adjutant-Gen- 
eral and Quartermaster-General, or that the Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral should issue all supplies. 



240 (trani) Army of the Republic. 

Quartermaster-General "William Ward rej^orted net receipts, 
including balance last report, ^88,459.47; expenditures, including 
purchase of $5,000 U. S. Bonds, $28,487.30. 



$4,972 17 


5,000 00 


1,410 52 


226 70 


1,089 71 


-$12,699 10 



Assets. 

Balance, cash ...... 

Goverument Bonds (par value », 

Supplies on hand (cost), ..... 

Office furniture (cost), ..... 

Accounts due (net), • . . . . 

Total, .... 

Surgeon-General Charles Styer presented his report in print. 
After revieAving the efforts made in preyious years and the 
failure to collect the statistics called for in the Post Surgeon's re- 
port, he recommended that Posts continue the use of the Post 
medical descriptive books. Such information is interesting and 
even valuable in a small circle, and among those who are person- 
ally acquainted. 

The real duty of the Post iSurgeon is to render his professional services without 
charge to worthy and needy comrades and their families; for this he is elected by vote 
of his comrades. In execution of this duty he should keep a record of his profes- 
sional visits, to whom made, their value, the value of medicines if furnished; he 
should keep a record of old soldiers aided in securing pensions or getting admission 
to homes, of soldiers' orphans aided if any, of contributions of money, medicines, or 
necessaries secured through his efforts for needy." old soldiers"; and these should be 
annually'collated and reported to the Medical Director, and by him in turn to the 
Surgeon-General. 

Judge-Advocate-General Geo, B. Squires presented the opin- 
ions delivered in six cases referred to him during the year. 

Inspector-General Jas. B. Oarnahan reported the condition of 
the Departments, and the evident increase of interest. He recom- 
mended the adoption of a form for official inspections, and that 
mustering and inspecting officers be furnished "with coi)ies of 
Rules and Service Books. 

Chaplain-in-Chief Lovering said, in his address : 

The peculiar condition iinder which we meet for our si.vteenth annual encamp- 
ment, induces me to reiterate in sub.stancc wliat, from time to time, has been iucorpo- 
rat( d into tiie ri|)orls I Imve had the honor to make before this body. Every soldier, 
true to liis convictions, f.iitliful to liis (lag, is to be respected. The soldier is thelieroic 
nerve of eivili/ation— its spinal cord- the pitli jiikI marrow of its backbone. Every 



Administration of George S. Merrill. 241 

soldier's grave is to be lionored. But that soldier only cau expect immortal renown 
whose convictions are in harmony with that cause which respects human rights, at- 
tempts the elevation of humanity, and promotes the service of Almighty God, and 
that soldier's grave only is to be adorned with laurel and amaranth that can be called 
the altar of patriotism. For, in the grand march of progress, honor must rest upon 
him only, who, under the leadership of the eternal right, accepts, so far at least as 
the nation is concerned, this as the summary of his faith — patriotism is the piety of 
citizenship. 

In view of that historic event which gave to Baltimore, in 1861, an unenviable 
notorietj' before the nation, and of that generous hospitality with which we have been 
welcomed to Baltimore in 1883, by the unanimous good will, as we are assured, of all 
classes of citizens, permit me to close this report with the following 

ADDRESS TO BALTIMORE 

O city ! washed clean by the blood 

Of men from our Northern homes ; 
O city ! that felt the first dash of war's flood, 

On her crimson-stained stones; 

O city! where North and South met, 

With sorrow and anger, too; 
O city! whose beautiful face is still wet 

For the gray and the blue; 

O city! where North and South meet. 

Obeying a royal command ; 
Where Fed. and Confed., Yank, and Reb. may here greet 

Heart to heart, hand in hand; 

United, we sing your old strain — 

No discord of growl or brag — 
" The Star Spangled Banner,' with this our refrain — 

" One Country and One flag." 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Address of the Commander-in-Cliief :■ — I. S. Bangs, Maine ; 
J. N. Patterson, New Hampshire ; S. J. Alexander, Nebraska ; F. 
H. Dyer, Pennsylvania ; George F. Tait, New York. 

On Report of the Adjutant-General : — A. B. Beers, Connecti- 
cut ; E. L. Roberts, New Jersey ; W. 8. McNair, Delaware ; J. H. 
Suter, Maryland ; G. B. Hogin, Iowa. 

On Report of the Quartermaster-General : — E. H. Rhodes, 
Rhode Island ; Paul Brodie, Potomac ; A. Merritt, New York ; A. 
C. Stone, Massachusetts ; E. K. Stimson, Mountain. 

On Report of the Inspector-General: — E. L. Campbell, New 
Jersey ; J. L. Bennett, Illinois ; S. Harper, Pennsylvania ; J. C. 
Tucker, California ; P. T. Woodfin, Virginia. 

On Report of the Chaplain-in-Chief : — J. C. Walkinshaw, Kan- 
sas ; H. M. Enos, Wisconsin ; H. M. Durfey, Connecticut ; J. B. 
Murray, New York ; C. T. Clark, Ohio. 
1(3 



2-12 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

On Keport of tlie Surgeon-General : — B. E. Pierce, Micliigan ; 
Wm. Warner, Missouri; Willard Bullard, New York; J. C. Fergu- 
son, Pennsylvania ; J. W. C. Cuddy, Maryland. 

On Keport of the Judge- Advocate-General : — W. H. Baldwin, 
Ohio ; G. H. Patch, Massachusetts ; M. A. Haynes, New Hamj)- 
shire ; G. J. Langsdale, Indiana ; A. B. Farnham, Maine. 

On Rules, Regulations, and Ritual : — R. B. Beath, Penn- 
sylvania ; Phil. Cheek, Wisconsin ; H. B. Peirce, Massachusetts ; 
David Lanning, Ohio ; G. B. Squires, New York. 

On Resolutions : — Chas. Burrows, New Jersey; J. G. B. Adams, 
Massachusetts ; John W. Burst, Illinois ; J. R. Carnahan, Indiana ; 
Jno. S. Kountz, Ohio. 

A committee of five was appointed " to inquire into and report 
to the next National Encampment, the facts as to an alleged viola- 
tion of Art. II, Chap. 5, referred to in the Address of the Com- 
mander-in-Chief " : — B. R. Peirce, Michigan ; G. B. Hogin, Iowa ; 
S. J. Alexander, Nebraska ; R. S. Robertson, Indiana ; C. L. 
Young, Ohio. 

REPORTS FROM COMMITTEES. 

On Address of the Commander-in-Chief, Comrade I. S. Bangs, 
Chairman of the Committee, presented the following : 

Ist. Resolved, That the thanks of this Encampment are due Commander-in-Chit'f 
Geokge S. Mekijill, for the comprehensive and eloquent address and review of the 
record of the past, the most prosperous year in the history of the Order, and that to 
him we are indebted largely for the magnificent gains in membership he so generously 
accords to his predecessors — his report showing an unequalled record of personal offi- 
cial service. 

2d. Resolved, That in accordance with the suggestion of the Commander-in-Chief, we 
recommend the appointment of a committee to prepare a digest of the opinions here- 
tofore rendered, and to make such modifications in the Rules and Regulations as shall 
harmonize with recent changes. 

Jid. Resolved, That the badge of the Commander-in-Chief be changed to correspond 
v.-ith the official insignia of the General of (lie Army. 

We would venture the recommendation of a change in the badge of members of 
the Council of Administration to such design as may be determined xijon by that body. 

4th. Resolved, That we cannot too strongly commend and endorse Ihe language of 
the Address in relation to the admission of partisan or political topics in our Posts, or 
our Department and National Encampments. 

5th. Resolved, That a committee be appointed for conference "with olhcr Veteran 
Associations, with a view to joint arrangements for our next annual meeting, and that 
the date of the meeting be left with such committee. 

6th. Resolrrd, Tiiat a committee l)e appointed to jjrepare and present a suitable and 
enduring testimonial of our licarty a[)preciati(m of the distinguished services of our 
Commander-in-Cliief , Geougb S. Merrill, for the past year. 



Administration of George S. Merrill. ^tU 

The first and sixtli resolutions were adopted unanimously by 
a rising vote. 

Committee on testimonial : 

C. L. Young, Ohio ; S. J. Alexander, Nebraska ; Harrison Ad- 
reon, Maryland ; A. B. Thompson, New Hampshire ; J. B. Murray, 
New York. The third, fourth and fifth resolutions were not con- 
curred in by the Encampment. 

Comrades E. B. Beath, H. B. Peirce and Geo. B. Squires were 
appointed a committee on revision of the Rules and Regulations, 
under the second resolution. 

On Report of Adjutant-General "W. M. Olin : 

The Committee were not in favor of the proposed consolidation 
of the offices of Adjutant-General and Quartermaster-General, or 
of a permanent depot of supplies at this time, but recommended 
that the Quartermaster-General shall distribute all supplies, and 
that all requisitions be drawn on him. 

Your Committee find that the duties of tlie office of the Adjutant-General have 
been faithfully performed, and recommend the adoption of the accompanying resolu- 
tion: 

Resolved, That the thanks of the National Encampment be, and they are hereby 
tendered to A d jutant-General Wm. M. Olin, for the prompt, efficient and courteous 
manner in which he has discharged the manifold and laborious duties of his oflBce 
during the past year. Adopted. 

On Report of Quartermaster-General William Ward : 

The Committee reported the accounts and vouchers correct, 
and recommended the investment of $2,500 in U. 8, Bonds. 

In recognition of Comrade Ward's years of faithful service as 
Quartermaster-General, Comrades R. B. Beath, H. B. Peirce and 
Geo. B. Squires were appointed a committee to prepare and 
have presented to him, a suitable testimonial. 

The Committee on Report of Judge-Advocate-General Carna- 
han, approved of his several recommendations and offered a reso- 
lution for the publication of a digest of all opinions and decisions 
heretofore approved by the Encampment. 

On Report of Surgeon-General Chas. Styer : 

The Committee endorsed his recommendations, and offered a 
resolution that the thanks of the Encampment be tendered for 
his faithful and efficient services. 

On Report of Chaplain-in-Chief Lovering : 

The Committee recommended that the same be endorsed and 
a copy be furnished for publication in the press. 



244 Grand Army of the Republic. 

military history. 

General Orders No. 7, dated Boston, August 4, 1881, announced 
the following : 

Comrades J. H. Johnson, of Chicago, Illinois ; Robert B. 
Beath, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; AVilliam H. Hodgkins, of 
Somerville, Massachusetts ; Griff. J. Thomas, of Berlin, Wiscon- 
sin, and Ben. D. House, of Indianapolis, Indiana, are hereby ap- 
pointed as the Committee on Military History and Publication, 
under the first resolution of the National Encampment relating to 
that subject. (Journal of Fifteenth Annual Session, pages 801- 
802.) This was followed by additional appointments as follows : 

Massachusetts, Samuel A. Green, Boston ; Rhode Island, J. Al- 
bert Monroe, Providence ; Connecticut, J. C. Kinney, Hartford ; 
New York, Frederick Phisterer, Albany ; Delaware, Geo. V. Mas- 
sey, Dover ; Mary laud, J. W. C. Cuddy, Baltimore ; Wisconsin, 
Charles G. Mayers, Madison ; Utah, Moses M. Bane, Salt Lake 
City ; Louisiana, E. E. Adams, New Orleans ; West Virginia, 
Daniel Mayer, Charleston ; Mountain, George D. Hill, Seattle, 
AYyoming ; Illinois, R. M. Smith, Springfield ; Maine, Wm. B. 
Lai)ham, Augusta ; New Jersey, W. S. Stryker, Trenton ; Kansas, 
Geo. Le'Brown, Leavenworth ; Vermont, Geo. H. Bigelow, Bur- 
lington ; Potomac, James A. Tait, Washington ; Michigan, And. 
T. McReynolds, Grand Rapids ; Iowa, W. W. Fink, Des Moines ; 
Minnesota, P. P. Swenson, Minneapolis. 

The chairman. Comrade J. H. Johnson, forwarded the fol- 
lowing rej^ort to the Encampment : 



The conimiUec has not met since its appointment, owing to tlie wide separation 
of its m'-mbers, and the necessary expense attending such meeting. 1 have ])ers{tn- 
ally visited Washington, to confer with the Secretary of War concerning the oflicial 
records in his charge, in accordance witli a resoUition of the last Encampment, and 
must confess the subject too vast to be embodied in a brief report. The missing re- 
ports of active commands are, however, too great to let what seems an opportune 
moment pass (it will take about five years more to complete the work begun), with- 
out giving the subject a careful consideration, and which necessarily allects seriously 
the highest source of materials for a History of the War. Since the AVar Depart- 
ment commenced t!ie work nf compilation, they have succeeded in collecting a large 
number of reports from all parts of the country, and if the members of the Grand 
Army of tiie lte])ublic would make some effort in the direction of bringing to light 
straggling reports, there is no doubt but that many more would come to hand. I 
have spok<'n to commanding ollicersof whom T happened to make note as liaving no 
reports on tile of their commands at certain battles, who assured me that they had given 
a proper report to their superiors. Such reports may still be in existence and by some 



Administration of George S. Merrill. 245 

effort found. The compiler, Colonel Scott, who does the work with great care and 
intelligence, deems it feasible to permit officers to substitute or supply reports where 
such cannot be found, or where none have been made, and also, owing to the numer- 
ous requests of Commanders for the privilege of correcting their reports, that they 
shall be permitted to file supplementary reports under certain restrictions. In order 
to do this, it requires a special act of Congress to enable the Secretary of War to re- 
cognize such reports. To that end the Committee on History and Publication, of 
George H. Thomas Post No. 5, Department of Illinois, has taken the first step in its 
accomplishment, and would respectfully refer you to their first annual report on that 
subject, which accompanies this report. 

We live, perhaps, too near the events, for historians to write a history without de- 
facing their pages with the bias of factions. But the material can only be supplied 
by the actors, so far as concerns the part taken by the armies in the events of the 
time; and it is well to remember, too, that Encampments, Camp-Fires, Re-unions, etc., 
will soon be a thing of the past, and that words alone withstand the ravages of time. 

PENSION LEGISLATION. 

Comrade James Tanner, from the committee appointed at the 
last Encampment, upon the resolutions of Comrade Brodie, Po- 
tomac, reported their action at Washington. 

Their recommendations for a large increase of clerks in the 
Departments having charge of Pension cases, resulted in an in- 
crease of 817 clerks in the Pension Office, 167 in the Adjutant- 
General's office, 166 in the Surgeon-General's office, 12 in the 
Secretary of War's office and 48 in the Treasury ; a total increase 
of 1210 additional employees, at an added expense of $1,742,430. 

Your Committee are clear in the opinion that the value to the veteran soldiers of 
their efforts can hardly be over-estimated. It is the first time that the accredited repre- 
sentatives of our Order have come directly in contact with the law-making power. 
Common justice demands that we should officially state the obligations we feel under 
for the cordial reception we met with at the hands of the Pension Committees of both 
Houses. It was freely stated by them that they had long felt the desirability of 
dealing directly with the accredited representative of the soldier. If we did not ob- 
tain to the uttermost extent all that was asked for, we still respectfully submit that 
by far the largest portion thereof was obtained, and certainly that which is by a great 
majority of the most practical and immediate importance. 

So much still remains to be done, and there are so many evidences of the proba- 
ble usefulness of such a body in the future, that we recommend the establishment of 
a standing committee of five, who shall, in a general sense, have charge of the matter 
of Pensions, and be authorized to speak in the name of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public. 

The report was adopted with a resolution for the establish- 
ment of a standing committee on Pension Legislation. 

Commander-in-Chief Geo. S. Merrill, Past Commander-in- 



246 Geand Army of the Kepublic. 

Chief Louis AViigner ; James Tanner, New York ; Paul Broclie, Po- 
tomac, and Surgeon-General Ames, were appointed such com- 
mittee. 

Resolutions were adopted favoring an increase of pensions to 
those who had lost limbs in the service, and for the passage of the 
bill for the equalization of bounties. 

Resolutions were adopted to include on the roster the names 
of deceased officers of the National Encampment ; to call attention 
to the proper designation of May 30, as Memorial Day, not Deco- 
ration Day. 

The Committee on Resolutions cordially approved the project 
presented by CorjDoral Skelly, Post No. 9, of Gettysburg, Pennsyl- 
vania, for the completion of a stately historic tower, to be erected 
in connection with the new Episcopal Church on the battle-field, 
bearing the inscrij^tion : 

Churcli of the Prince of Peace. 

The Nation's thank-offering for restored Peace and Union. 

Erected to the Glory of God, 

And in memory of Major-General Geo.G. Meade, the Commander-in-Cliief of this field, 

And of the valiant Army of the Potomac, 

Who here, hy their valor, gained the great victory of July 1, 2 and 3, 1863. 

Isaiah 2: 4. A. D., 1883. Luke 11: 14. 

This monument will be made up of stones and other memorials, many of which 
are already engaged and paid for, and is freely opened to any and all officers and 
soldiers who fought or fell here. The body of the church, inside and out, will be re- 
served for memorials for the heroes of this field exclusively, and the inside of the 
tower for inemorials of the fallen of other fields, and the outside of the tower for 
stones bearing the names of survivors of this and other battle-fields, or of any civilian 
who may desire to place a thank-offering for preservation in battle or restoration of 
peace. 

The general co-operation of Posts of the Grand Army was in- 
vited. 

RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

The committee reported amendments defining the duties of 
Adjutant-General and Quartermaster-General relative to issue of 
supplies, and allowing Departments to fix the ratio of representa- 
tion in Department Encampments. 

TESTIMONIALS. 

The testimonial voted to Past Commander-in-Chief Louis 
Wagner, for his services to the Order, a magnificent gold badge 



Administration of George S. Merrill. 247 

set in diamonds, was pre^nted in an eloquent speech by Comrade 
Geo. H. Patch, Massachusetts. 

The testimonials ordered by the last Encampment, for Past 
Adjutant-General R. B. Beath and Chaplain-in-Chief J. F. Lover- 
ing (being the resolutions of the Encampment, elegantly engrossed 
by Comrade Alfred C. Monroe, and enclosed in rich frames), were 
presented by Comrade W. S. McNair, of Delaware, and Comrade 
D. R. Austin, of Ohio, in behalf of the Encampment, Comrade 
McNair addressing Comrade Beath, and Comrade Austin the Chap- 
lain-in-Chief. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, Paul Van Dervoort, Nebraska. 

Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, W. E. W. Boss, Maryland. 

Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, I. S. Bangs, Maine. 

Surgeon-General, Dr. Azel Ames, Jr., Massachusetts. 

Chaplain-in-Ghief, Rev. I. S. Foster, New York. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

California, W. S. Rosecrans ; Connecticut, H. M. Durfey ; Del- 
aware, Geo. V. Massey ; Illinois, Orrin L. Mann ; Indiana, J. L. 
Wooden ; Iowa, John Lindt ; Kansas, Wm. Irving ; Maine, Thos. 
Tyrie ; Maryland, John H. Suter ; Massachusetts, Silas A. Barton ; 
Michigan, L. G. Rutherford ; Minnesota, Adam Marty ; Missouri, 
Wm. Striblen ; Mountain, B. L. Carr ; Nebraska, J. H. Culver ; 
New Hampshire, J. N. Patterson ; New Jersey, Alex. M. Way ; 
New York, Joseph Forbes ; Ohio, R. A. Constable ; Pennsylvania, 
Robt. B. Beath ; Potomac, Paul Brodie ; Rhode Island, T. W\ 
Manchester ; Vermont, Warren Gibbs ; Virginia, B. Co Cook ; 
Wisconsin, E. A. Calkins. 

COURTESIES EXTENDED. 

The city of Baltimore was profusely decorated with flags anci 
bunting in honor of the Encampment. 

On June 22, there was a large parade under command of Gen- 
eral R. B, Ayres, U. S. A., the 5th Maryland Regiment and a 
number of companies of the National Guard of Maryland, and 
from Richmond and Washington, participating. 



2J:8 Grand Army of the Eepurltc. 

TliG Grand Army had a large number of members in line, with 
visiting Posts from Massachusetts, Potomac, Delaware and Penn- 
sylvania. 

President Chester A. Arthur, with Governor Hamilton, of 
Maryland, reviewed the parade from the City Hall. General Sher- 
man, Secretaries Frelinghiiysen and Lincoln and Attorney-Gen- 
eral Brewster, were on the reviewing stand. 

In the afternoon there was an excursion on the steamer 3Iary 
L. Weems, to Annapolis. On returning, the visitors were enter- 
tained at the Scheutzen Park, where over 400 veterans were in 
camp. 

At a meeting held in the Mansion House, ex-Mayor Latrobe 
extended a welcome to the Grand Army on behalf of the city and 
State, and Mr. James Hodges spoke for the merchants and busi- 
ness men specially. 

Addresses were made by Commander-in-Chief Merrill, General 
H. A. Barnum, Hon. John L. Thomas, Frederick Douglass, Frank 
X. Ward, an ex-Confederate, Comrade Paiil Van Dervoort and 
Corj)oral Tanner. 

The hospitalities of the city authorities were shown on an ex- 
cursion to Tivoli, where some time was to be spent in social in- 
tercourse and festivities, but owing to the lateness of the hour of 
adjournment of the National Encampment, the members reached 
the grounds too late to particij)ate in the lunch prepared for them. 
A meeting was organized on the steamer, and Mayor Wliyte made 
an eloquent address which was responded to by Commander-in- 
Chief Merrill. 



BALTIMORE. 

Comrades H. A. Barnum, Past Commander-in-Chief John F. 
Hartrauft and Quartermaster-General AVm. Ward were appointed 
a committee to present a suitable testimonial to the city of Balti- 
more, through his Honor, William Pinkiioy Whyte, Mayor of the 
city, in acknowledgment of the many official and private courte- 
sies tendered the members of the Encampment. 

On July 10, 1888, the committee formally presented the testi- 
monial, in the presence of the city officials. Common Council and 
Citizens' Committee. 

The testimonial was a beautiful and artistic br<jnze tablet, of 



Administration of George S. Merrill. 249 

Union and Confederate cannon-metal. The bronze is 30 inches in 
height by 18 in width, and stands upon an ebony pedestal 3 feet in 
height. 

Comrade Barnum, Chairman, in presenting the testimonial, 
said: ^ * * * 

Oa this memorial is a border chain, composed of thirty-eight links, symbolical of 
the thirty-eight States, arranged not in alphabetical order, nor according to their geo- 
graphical location. The thirteen original States are placed equi-distant around the 
border, and united by the younger Commonwealths; all are strongly linked together 
forming such a chain that it might be expressed, in the language of the poet, that 
" which ever link you strike, tenth or ten thousandth, you break the chain alike," 

The military emblems are characteristic, not the least expressive of which is the 
fascine, showing that " in union there is strength; " the Dove of Peace surmounts tha 
scroll, on which is engraved an address which I will read: 



ADDRESS. 

TAe Grand Army of the Republic of the United States to the City of Baltimore, 
Maryland: 

"In the spirit of ' Frateknity, Charity and Loyalty,' Greeting: Whereas, 
on the occasion of the Sixteenth Annual Encampment of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public, held in the City of Baltimore, .June 21. 22 and 23, 1882, when the parading 
column and escort of the Grand Army of the Republic and visiting military organiza- 
tions from other States, commanded by Chief Marshal General R. B. Ayres, United 
States Army, and numbering fully 13.000 men, was reviewed from the portico of the 
City Hall by Chester A. Arthur, President of the United States, accompanied by mem- 
bers of his cabinet, General Joseph W. Keifer, Speaker of the House of Representa- 
tives, and other distinguished members of Congress, William T. Sherman, General 
of the United States Army, and his staff, Honorable William P. Hamilton, Governor 
of Maryland, and his military staff, William Pinkney Whyte, Mayor of Baltimore, his 
Secretary. Major J. Monroe Heiskell, and other representatives of the city Govern- 
ment ex-Mayors Latrobe, Banks and Vausant ; General Felix Agnus, General Adam 
E. King, and many other distinguished citizens of Baltimore and of other cities and 
States, his Honor the Maj'or, the Common Council, and the people of Baltimore did 
extend to the Grand Army of the Republic and accompanying organizations and 
friends a most cordial and enthusiastic welcome, unbounded hospitality and elaborate 
entertainment, in which many ex Confederate soldiers joined ; the Grand Army of 
the Republic hereby expresses its profound appreciation of the kind and brotherly 
feeling thus attested, and its gratificatiou at the abundant evidence then shown, that 
this Nation is not only a Union of States, but also a union of hearts throughout its 
broad domains ; that ours is in truth a ' government of the people, by the people, and 
for the people,' and that all are devoted to one common purpose of ' union and liberty 
one and inseparable, now and forever.' 

That the dove of peace may forever fold its white wings over the beautiful ' Monu- 
mental City ; ' that she may grow apace in prosj^erity and power; that the liomes of all 



250 Grand Army of the Republic. 

her people may be the abode of unstinted pleasure and unalloyed happiness, is the 
fervent jji-ayer of every Comrade of the Grand Army of the Republic." 

By order of the Encampment, 

HENRY A. BARNUM, New York. 
JOHN F. HARTRANFT, Pennsylvania, 
WILLIAM WARD, New Jersey. 
ittest: Committee. 

PAUL VAN DERVOORT, Commander-in-Chief. 
F. E. BROWN, Adjutant-General. 

The Grand Army Committee were handsomely entertained 
during their visit, by the Mayor and a committee of council and 
citizens. 



CHAPTER XXI 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF PAUL VAN j>fiRVOORT 
—SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION, DENVER, COLOtiADO, JULY 

25, 1883. 

Headquarteks were established in Omaha, Nebraska, with the 
following staff : 

Adjutant-General, F. E. Brown, Nebraska. 
Quartermaster-General, John Taylor, Pennsylvania. 
Inspector-General, John W. Burst, Illinois. 
Judge-Advocate-General, James R. Carnahan, Indiana. 

Commander-in-Chief Paul Van Der Voort was born in Ohio 
in 1846, and was under 16 years of age when he enlisted for the 
three months service in the 68th Illinois Infantry. He re-enlisted 
in Company M, 16th Illinois Cavalry, and was with his regiment 
in service in the 9th, and in the 23d Corps, and the Cavalry Corps 
of the Military Division of the Mississippi. He was taken pris- 
oner and confined for nearly a year in Andersonville and other 
Southern prisons. Was discharged August 1st, 1865, as Sergeant. 

After the war he entered the railway mail service, and served 
over ten years. 

He joined the Grand Army in Illinois in 1866, and was Assis- 
tant Adjutant-General to Department-Commander Hilliard. He 
resigned that position on his removal to Omaha, where he was 
mainly instrumental in the re-organization of the Department of 
Nebraska, to which he was assigned as Provisional Commander. 
On the formation of the Department he was elected Department- 
Commander, and was elected Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 
1878. 

General W. E. W. Ross, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, was 
born in Baltimore, February 26, 1838. In 1858, he was a member 
of the Baltimore City Guard, and was drill sergeant until the war 
broke out. In that capacity he "was assigned to drill the Mary- 
land Guard. He organized and drilled two regiments of Minute 

[251] 



252 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Men at the Post Office, many of whom went into the field as offi- 
cers of Maryhmd regiments. After the riot on April 19, 1861, the 
militia regiments were disbanded. In January, 1863, he re- 
organized the City Guard, with four companies, and was elected 
Major. In June, 1863, he recruited the 10th Maryland Vol. 
Inf. for one year, and went out as its Lieutenant-Colonel, "Was 
later commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel 33d United States Colored 
Troops, and led that regiment into the " crater " at the " Mine 
Explosion " at Petersburg, July 30, 1864. 

Colonel Ross was severely wounded, and amputation of his leg 
was necessary. He was afterwards assigned to court-martial and 
other special duty, until mustered-out in April, 1865, with brevet 
rank of Brigadier-General. 

By appointment of the Secretary of War, he served on the 
Board for awarding compensation to owners of enlisted slaves. 

Has filled a number of positions in Wilson Post No. 1, Balti- 
more, and was Post Commander. Served one term as Assist-ant 
Adjutant-General of the Department and two terms as Department- 
Commander. 

General Isaac S. Bangs, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, was 
born in Maine, May 17, 1831. Enlisted August, 1862, as Cap- 
tain, 20th Maine Infantry, and served with that regiment in the 
5th Army Corj)s. Promoted Lieutenant-Colonel 81st United 
States Colored Infantry, March 2, 1863 ; Colonel 10th U. S. Heavy 
Artillery (colored), October 17, 1863, and served with the 19th 
Army Corps. Mustered-out July 19, 1864. Brevetted Brigadier- 
General, to date March 13, 1865. 

Joined Post No. 14, Waterville, Maine, as a charter member, in 
1868, and has always taken an active part in Grand Army work. 
Has served in a number of positions in his Post and Depart- 
ment — one term as Department-Commander. He was specially 
active in the organization of the Sons of Veterans. 

Rev. I. M. Foster, Chaplain-in-Chief, enlisted September 2, 
1862, as Corporal, Company H, 146th N. Y. Vols., and served until 
the end of the war. He joined the Grand Army of the Republic 
in Alexandria, Virginia, in 1870. Was afterwards transferred to 
Post No. 7, Department of New York. Removed to Brooklyn in 
1884, and joined U. S. Grant Post No. 327, and served as Post 
Chaplain. Was Department Chaplain in 1871. Is now (1888) 
located in New Haven in charge of St. John M. E. Church. 




Group of National Officers, 1882. 



Administration of Paul Van Der Voort. 253 

F. E. BroAvn, Adjutant-General, at the age of 16 enlisted as 
Private in Company E, 142d 111. Inf., and served until the muster- 
out of the regiment. Joined the Grand Army of the Republic in 
1879, and served a number of terms as Post Adjutant, Post Quar- 
termaster, and one year as Commander, and has served in posi- 
tions in the Department. 

Captain John Taylor, Quartermaster-General, was born in 
Philadelphia, April 5, 1840. Enlisted in Company E, 2d Penn- 
sylvania Pteserves, May 27, 1861, as Sergeant. Promoted First 
Sergeant, July 4, 1861, and First Lieutenant July 12, 1862. For 
gallant and meritorious conduct at the battle of the Wilderness, 
May 5, 1864, was brevetted Captain. Immediately after the battle 
of Gettysburg, General McCandless, Commanding the First Bri- 
gade, Pennsylvania Reserves, had him detailed for duty upon his 
Staff, where he continued until captured inside the rebel lines, at 
the Wilderness, May 5, 1864, while endeavoring to force his way 
to the 7th Pennsylvania Reserves, then surrounded by the enemy. 
He was confined in rebel prisons at Lynchburg, Danville, Savan- 
nah and Charleston, and kept in the latter place under fire until 
yellow fever broke out among the prisoners. In October, 1864, was 
taken to Columbia, South Carolina, where, on November 29, he 
escaped, and after three weeks of incredible suffering, wandering 
in the swamps of South Carolina, relying for subsistence upon 
such matter as could be procured in the undergrowth, and the 
occasional help extended from the scanty hoard of some colored 
man, was recaptured on December 21, 1864, at Pickensville, South 
Carolina, and taken back to Columbia, remaining there until the 
rebels were driven out by General Sherman in 1865, when he was 
removed to Charlotte, North Carolina, and again made his escape, 
but Avas recaptured the next day, and on March 1, 1865, was ex- 
changed near Wilmington, North Carolina. On the 12th of March, 
1865, Avas mustered-out of the service of the United States at 
Washington, D. C. 

Comrade Taylor was mustered into the Grand Army in Capt. 
P. R. Schuyler Post No. 51, Philadelphia, August, 1876 ; made 
Post Adjutant, October, 1876 ; re-appointed January, 1877 ; elected 
Post Commander, 1878, and re-elected 1879 ; Delegate to Depart- 
ment Encampment, 1877 ; Assistant Quartermaster-General of the 
Department, 1878 ; re-appointed 1879 and 1880 ; elected Depart- 
ment-Commander, January, 1881. 



25 1 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

He is actively engaged in tlie Fire Insurance business. Has 
served as a member of Common Councils, Philadelphia. 

Since his first appointment as Quartermaster-General by Com- 
mander-in-Chief Van Der Voort, he has been re-appointed (1888) 
each year. 

Major John W. Burst, Inspector-General, enlisted May 24, 
1861, as Private, Company D, 15th Illinois Infantry, and was dis- 
charged in August for disability. On August 9, 1862, he enlisted 
as Private in Company C, 105th 111. Vols., and was promoted Ser- 
geant, Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant and Captain. On May 
25, 1864, at the battle of New Hope Church, he was badly wounded, 
which resulted in the loss of a leg. 

Joined Piausom Post in Chicago, August, 1866, and has always 
taken an active interest in Grand Army work. Transferred to Post 
12, Sycamore, Illinois, in 1874, and was Post Commander for six 
years ; Senior Vice-Department-Commander, 1879 ; Department- 
Commander, 1880. Is now (1888) a member of the National Pen- 
sion Committee, and a member of the Board of Trustees of the Ill- 
inois Soldiers Home. 

General J. R. Carnahan, Judge-Advocate-General. (See Chap- 
ter XIX.) 

SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION. 

The National Encampment met in Denver, Wednesday, July 
25, 1883 ; Commander-in-Chief Paul Van Der Voort presiding. 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

F. E. Brown, Adjutant-General ; J. L. Bennett, Illinois ; A. C. 
Monroe, Massachusetts ; David Lanning, Ohio ; J. J. Fitzgerrell, 
New Mexico. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief Paul Van Der Voort. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief W. E. W. Ross. 
Junior Vice-Commauder-in-Chief I. S. Bangs, 
Surgeon-General Azel Amos, Jr. 
Chaplain-iii-Chief I. M. Foster. 



Administration of Paul Van Der Voort. 255 

Adjutant-General F. E. Brown. 
Quartermaster-General John Taylor. 
Inspector-General John W. Burst. 
Judge-Advocate-General J. R. Carnahan. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

B. L. Carr, Colorado ; H. M. Durfey, Connecticut ; J. L. 
Woodin, Indiana ; John Lindt, Iowa ; William Irving, Kansas ; 
Thomas Tyrie, Maine ; Adam E. King, Maryland ; S. A. Barton, 
Massachusetts ; L. G. Rutherford, Michigan ; Adam Marty, Min- 
nesota ; Wm. Striblen, Missouri ; J. H. Culver, Nebraska ; J. N. 
Patterson, New Hampshire ; A. M. Way, New Jersey ; Jos. Forbes, 
New York ; R. A. Constable, Ohio ; R. B. Beath, Pennsylvania ; 
Gilbert M. Husted, Potomac ; T. W. Manchester, Rhode Island ; 
Warren Gibbs, Vermont ; J. E. Fuller, Virginia ; E. A. Calkins, 
Wisconsin. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

California, 3 ; Colorado, 7 ; Connecticut, 6 ; Delaware, 2 ; Illi- 
nois, 12 ; Indiana, 10 ; Iowa, 11; Kansas, 13 ; Kentucky, 3 ; Maine, 
5 ; Maryland, 5 ; Massachusetts, 15 ; Michigan, 9 ; Minnesota, 6 ; 
Missouri, 5 ; Nebraska, 10 ; New Hampshire, 7 ; New Jersey, 6 ; 
New York, 25 ; Ohio, 21 ; Pennsylvania, 37 ; Potomac, 7 ; Rhode 
Island, 8 ; Vermont, 2 ; Virginia, 3 ; Wisconsin, 5. Provisional 
Departments : New Mexico, 4 ; Tennessee and Georgia, 2 ; Utah, 
1. Total, 29 Departments and 249 Department Officers and Rep- 
resentatives. 

ADDRESS OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF PAUL VAN DER VOORT. 

When 1 assumed the duties of my office I determined that I would show that I ap- 
preciated the high honor by devoting all my time, and all the energy and ability in 
me towards building up our Order. 

With the cordial approval of the Council of Administration, I at once commenced 
visiting the several Departments, and have visited all, both permanent and provisional 
that were in existence June 23d, 1882, except Florida. I have met face to face more 
than half of the membership of the Order. I have been cordially received everywhere, 
and am earnest in the belief that the meetings held have greatly benefitted the Order. 
The meetings held in connection with the receptions of the Commander-in-Chief 
should be public. He is in no sense an inspecting or mustering officer, and is in the 
field simply as a missionary to arouse enthusiasm, explain the objects of the Order, 
incite emulation and enlist the sympathy of all in the good work. 



256 Grand Army of the Republic. 

I have embodied iu this address, statutes 1754 and 1755. I am paiued to report 
that they are grossly and openly violated, that seldom is any inquiry made into the 
matter. Thousands of old crippled veterans, in every way competent, are pushed 
aside, and those who never aided the nation in the hour of trial preferred. 

I take it that we, who never asked the passage of this law, and without whose 
services the statutes would have been a nullit}-, have a right to demand a rigid en- 
forcement of statute 1754. We have a right to kr.oAv the standing of each Department 
of the government upon this question and hold to a strict account every gross and 
open violation of this chartered right, given by the nation to the crippled and dis- 
eased Union soldier. I regret to say that many of ouu comrades holding positions, 
whose proper administration demand a large force, employ very few of our comrades, 
and in some cases have turned them out to make places for civilians. Of course I 
understand that this has been done upon the request of some politician, who desired 
to reward some one for political work, but if our comrades in such positions would 
firmly refuse to submit to such dictation, and plant themselves firmly on this law of 
the laud, they could hold the fort and no one would dare to molest them. I urge 
the appointment again of a strong committee, backed by stirring resolutions of this 
body, to take vigorous and decisive action upon this question at once. We are in 
favor of the absolute reign of the law, aud will demand an earnest adherence to all 
the laws of the land, as well as this recognition of our comrades' services. 

At the outset of my administration the National Tribune published a stirring edi- 
torial, appealing to veterans outside of our organization to take steps to organize 
Posts. The response came during the year from every section, and up to date they 
have referred to National Headquarters applications for 170 Posts. Nearly all of these 
have been organized and are in good working order. This magnificent result calls 
for the hearty appreciation of every comrade. 

In company with the Surgeon-General, I visited the Provisional Department of 
Utah, on April 21st and 22d. We were cordially received by as gallant a band of 
comrades as ever wore our badge. The organization in Utah have had many 
ditficulties to contend with. They are uj^holding the banner of the Grand Army in 
what is practically a foreign aud hostile community. They are in the front of an 
enemy, treacherous and defiant, and who are trampling daily under foot the laws of 
the land with perfect impunity. The Grand Army in Utah are the natural protectors 
of the glory and honor of the flag. They here, in the presence of a crime as hideous 
as treason, and as damnable as slavery, grandly illustrate the shining glories of our 
Order. 

Let us demand that earnest, true men who know and have faced the evil aud sin 
day and night, shall be designated to codify the laws heretofore passed through the 
dictates of the leaders of this unholy Church. That it shall be written and declared 
I hat no Mormon .shall vote or hold any office whatever. That all holding Govern- 
ment offices shall be removed, that this Commission shall ask Congress to approve the 
codification of the laws, and that all officers of every grade shall be appointed by the 
Governor and confirmed by the Council, and that the cniigratiou of recruits to build 
up this damning crime shall be stopped at once and forever. 

I am delighted at the progress made in the work of establishing Soldiers Homes 
under the au.spices of the Grand Army. Many of the Departments are doing won- 
derful wcjrk in this direction and all of them should at once take active steps towards 
providing a home for tlie poor members of our Order. 

The organization of Women's Relief Corps, Ladies' Loyal League, and auxiliary 
societies liave kept even pace with the rapid growth of the Grand Army. In every De- 
partment the nnble women have banded together in one form or another to assist us 



Administeation of Paul Van Der Yoort. 257 

in caring for our sick and destitute comrades and those dependent on them. Many of 
the members helped, suffered and sacrificed during the war, and many have grown 
up since and here find an enlarged field for the development of their charitable 
hearts. They have accomplished great and lasting good. I am a firm believer in 
the work of women. I am glad that these societies do not confine their member- 
ship to the wives and daughters of soldiers, but admit all who are worthy to engage 
in the work. 

I have called the representatives of these societies together to establish a national 
organization, and to encourage the spread, growth, and scope of their work. I am 
satisfied that no Post is thoroughly equipped and armed in behalf of our noble 
Order unless they have, working hand in hand with them, a band of the noble 
women of the land. 

The two branches of t:on.'? of Veterans have made progress. In accordance 
with the resolution of the last National Encampment, I have encouraged these socie- 
ties. I have not encouraged the oflicers and members of either branch in their war- 
fare with each other. I have endeavored to restore harmony, and have earnestly 
desired that they should act like the sons of veterans. I believe that the difliculty 
between these organizations has been fomented and fanned largely by members of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. Many of our noblest members have given time and 
money, and worked hard to establish one or the other branch of this organization. 
They should harmonize at once. If their proper officers do not appear here and co- 
alesce, this Encampment should recognize one branch or the other. 

Reference was then made to the work of tlie Pension Commit- 
tee, and to the unjust charges of fraud in obtaining pensions. 
The question in regard to pensioning prisoners of war should be 
carefully investigated by the Pension Committee, and of the many 
bills pending some just measure should be selected and endorsed 
at the next session of Congress. 

The Commander-in-Chief made special reference to the valu- 
able labors of the Senior and Junior Yice-Commanders-iu-Chief, 
the Surgeon-General and Chaplain-in-Chief, and other members 
of his staflf. In closing he said : 

I shall never forget the year almost gone; it will ever be my most precious recol- 
lection. The way was long, the march toilsome, but it was cheered and brightened 
by countless tokens of love, sweet courtesies, and generous appreciation, that made it 
a march in the vale of Paradise. I have a heart warm with Fraternity for all, and an 
ardent desire for the happiness, comfort and prosperity of every member of the Grand 
Army. 1 only ask that I may be r 'membered as having done all that I could for the 
Order I love next to the treasures of home. I l:ave not lougid for this moment 
to come. I abandon this enlarged field of duty with regret ; I shall ever be true to 
the Grand Army, and do all in my power to build it up until it includes every man 
who wore the blue. 

I again thank every comrade, the loving women, the loyal men, the grand host all 
along the line of march who have cheered me, the hundreds whom I never met face 
to face, who have written me glowing words of encouragement. 
17 



258 Gra-nd Army of the Kepublic. 

At the conclusion of the address, enthusiastic calls were made 
for Comrade John A, Logan. 

Comrade Logan in response, said : 

You have much to do in the -way of business and it i> better that that be per- 
formed than that I should attempt to address you. There is one thing, however, 
that I will say : I wish that all the people who have been worrying their brains in 
foreiirn lands and in our own land, to ascertain why the Union Army was successful 
in its struggle for this great country and why, when disbanded, theie was not a ripple 
upon the surface, could have been here to-day and listened to this able and eloquent 
address from a private soldier of the ranks; they then would understand why slavery 
fell and liberty lived. They would then understand why the Union Army was in 
the twinkling of an eye dissolved into society without a ripple upon the surface. 
They would also understand why the old starry banner floats to-day, and why the 
grandest Republic that ever existed exists to-day, and why it will be perpetuated. 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General F. E. Brown reported : 

Members in good standing Dec. 31, 1881 85,856 

Members in good standing Dec. 31, 1882 131,890 

Gain for the year 46,084 

Members in good standing March 31, 1883 90,166 

Members in good standing March 31, 1883 145.932 

Gain for the year 55,766 

Total gain since Dec. 31, 1881 60,076 

During the past year Permanent Departments have been organized as follows: 
Oregon, September 28, 1882; West Virginia, February 20, 1883; Kentucky, January 
17, 1883; Dakota, February 27, 1883; Arkansas, July 11, 1883; Washington Terri- 
tory, June 20, 1883; New Mexico, July 14, 1883. 

The Provisional Department of the Gulf was created March 28, 1883, with Com- 
rade Charles A. Thiel, of New Orleans, La., as Provisional Department Commander. 
Louisiana. ^Mississippi, Alabama, and Texas, are embraced in this Department. 

The Provisional Department of Tennessee and Georgia was created May 1, 1883, 
with Comrade Edward S. Jones, of Nashville, Teunessc-e, as Commander. 

The growth in membership in all Departments, with one or two exceptions, lias 
been vigorous, enabling you to quite fulfil the prediction made at Baltimore last 
June, " that with th?' aid of your comrades, our ranks would be increased 50,000 by 
the time of the next Encampment." 

CHARITIES OF THE ORDER. 

The amount expended for relief during the year was $106,907.74, 
relieving 5,422 veterans or members of their families. 



Administration of Paul Van Der Voort. 259 

IN MEMORIAM. 

There have been mustered-out by death 1,188 comrades. 

RITUAL. 

The Encampment at Baltimore directed the appointment of a committee to revise 
the Ritual to conform to the changes then made. Comrades R. B Beath, Pennsyl- 
vania; H. B. Peirce, Massachusetts, and G. B. Squires, New York, were appointed as 
this committee, who made the necessary revision, which was approved by the Com- 
mander-in-Chief, and then issued for the guidance of the Order. 



Seventy-five thousand badges were issued. We were fortunate in securing four 
pieces of cannon donated by Congress to a military organization, and purchased by 
us. which bore the stamp of the foundry in Rome, Georgia, where they were made in 
1862, and which, from the incongruous mixing of metals in these guns, showed that 
the Confederates were even then hard pushed for good material. 

Quartermaster-General John Taylor, in his report, gave in de- 
tail the receipts and expenditures of the year. Total assets, 
$11,969.41 ; liabilities, none. 

Judge-Advocate-General J. R. Carnahan reported : 

In conformity with instructions of the National Encampment held at Baltimore 
in June, 1883, I have compiled all the opinions of Judge-Advocate-Generals, from 
the organization of the Grand Army up to the present date. I have arranged them 
in their order as rendered, and numbered them consecutively from I to CXLV. For 
each of the opinions I have prepared a syllabus, and an index and digest for the en- 
tire work. During the year I have rendered fifteen opinions, on subjects referred to 
me from National Headquarters. These opinions are embraced in the compilation, 
and are numbered from CXXXI to CXLV, inclusive. I have performed this work 
in accordance with the order of the last National Encampment in so far as the prep- 
aration of a syllabus was ordered, but believing that a syllabus alone would not meet 
the needs of the Grand Army, I collected all of the decisions of my predecessors, that 
the comrades might have not only the outline, but the full text of the opinions and 
decisions which are now a part of the law governing the Grand Army. 

Inspector-General J. W. Burst reported in detail the condition 
of each Department : 

The year ending December 30, 1882, was the most prosperous in the history of 
our organization, showing unprecedented increase in number of Posts and member- 
ship. The Department and Post Ofiicers are constantly replying to communications 
from ex-soldiers, asking as to aims, objects and purposes of the Grand Army of the 
Republic. Applications are being forwarded to Department Headquarters in many 
of the States faster than the Mustering Officers can perform their duties. 

The interest continu''s to increase, with every assurance that we shall soon com- 
plete the grand and loving work so earnestly begun, and faithfully carried on, until 



260 Grand Army of the Republic. 

every honorably discharged soldier and marine has his name on the Muster Roll of 
the Grand Army of the Republic. The organization must be congratulated on the 
success made possible by the earnest efforts of Past Commander-in-Chief Wagner, 
increased by the splendid work of his successor, and continued by the enthusiastic 
and tireless services of the first private who now fills this high and honored position. 
Your work for the year about to end will live with the history of the Grand Army of 
the Republic. 

He presented a form for the inspection of Posts. 

Surgeon-General Ames presented a very thorough and inter- 
esting report upon pensions. (See pp. 51-64, Journal of National 
Encampment, 1883.) The demands on his time on work affecting 
general legislation on pensions had prevented his attention to 
details for work that would make the medical department of the 
Grand Army more useful : 

I am fully persuaded that a simple but efficient organization of the medical service 
for the ensuing year will give an increased value and activity to this department, and 
I am equally satisfied that a wide and engrossing field of work will be found for Post 
Surgeon and Medical Director: 

In aiding the applicant for pensions, bounty, State aid and Soldiers' Home accom- 
modations, etc. ; 

In securing to the widows and children of soldiers all needed aid, and especially 
in helping the children of soldiers to education, the learning of trades, and employ- 
ment under proper conditions; 

In obtaining employment for the feeble and the dependents of deceased com- 
rades ; 

In securing medical attendance, hospital accommodations and nursing for those 
who need ; 

In standing between the soldier and the exactions or wrong treatment of any 
who would abuse, whether money-lender, officer of the law, rum-seller or ill ad- 
viser, and in acting at all times as the special ally and aid of the poor, the afllicted or 
the wronged. 

To the Post, Surgeon, especially if a medical man, the sorrows and private distress 
of the comrade or his family are made known with a confidence that is reposed in no 
other, and his opportunities are proportionately great. 

I believe that with a heart for the work, the medical officer will have hencefor- 
ward no difficulty in finding work enough to do, and in that work a degree of satis- 
faction and compen.sation abundantly ample. 

That the medical ofilcers of the Grand Army of the Republic will fiiid in the ju- 
dicious, sympathizing and efficient aid of the women of Department and Local 
Women's Relief Corps a most desirable and valuable co-operation, I fully believe. 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Address of the Commander-in-Chief : — Charles T. Clark, 
Ohio ; Samuf'l Harper, Pennsylvania ; A. B. Valentine, Vermont ; 
William AVarner, Missouri ; S. D. Puterbaugh, Illinois. 



Admiisisteation of Paul Van Der Voort. 261 

On Report of Adjutant-General : — T. J. Stewart, Pennsylvania ; 
Ben. D. House, Indiana ; B. K. Kimberly, Colorado ; W. L. Cul- 
bertson, Iowa ; W. E. Tliorp, Micliigan. 

On Eules, Regulations, and Ritual : — R. B. Beath, Pennsyl- 
vania ; G. S. Merrill, Massachusetts ; T. D. McGillicuddy, Ohio ; 
H. X. Devendorff, Kansas ; Henry R. Barber, Rhode Island. 

On Report of Quartermaster-General : — L. W. Osborne, Ne- 
braska ; J. S. Sterritt, Missouri ; J. W. Jacobus, New York ; C. C. 
Kinsman, Vermont ; E. S. Jones, Tennessee. 

On Report of Inspector-General : — E. M. Shaw, Maine ; G. B. 
Fielder, New Jersey ; H, W. Slocum, New York ; M. D. Manson, 
Indiana ; B. R. Pierce, Michigan. 

On Report of Judge-Advocate-General : — H. E, Taintor, Con- 
necticut ; J. P. Rea, Minnesota ; W. R. Manning, Iowa ; W. F. 
Chamberlain, Missouri ; C. W. Blair, Kansas. 

On Report of Surgeon-General : — T. C. Tucker, California ; J. 
C. Broatch, Connecticut ; P. W. Wilcox, Illinois ; J. L. Woodin, 
Indiana ; E. T. Lincoln, Kentucky. 

On Report of Chaplain-in-Chief : — William Striblen, Missouri; 
J. C. Linehan, New Hampshire ; Philip Cheek, Jr., Wisconsin ; 
S. S. Burdett, Potomac ; Philip S. Chase, Rhode Island. 

On Resolutions : — Louis Wagner, Pennsylvania ; John A. Lo- 
gan, Illinois ; C. F. Manderson, Nebraska ; J. G. B. Adams, 
Massachusetts ; C. H. Grosvenor, Ohio ; Philip Cheek, Jr., Wis- 
consin. 

Comrade E. S. Osborne, Pennsylvania, called attention to the 
fact that since the Encampment had assembled in Colorado, the 
death of Major-General E. O. C. Ord had been announced. He 
referred to the distinguished services of that officer during the 
rebellion. 

Comrade C. W. Hazzard, of Pennsylvania, on behalf of the 
delegation from that State, presented the following, which were 
adopted by a rising vote : 

Resolved, That we learn of the death of General E. O. C. Ord, in a foreign land, 
with sorrow, born of admiration for his noble career as a soldier. 

Resolved, That those here assembled, who foUowel his gallant leadership, both on 
the Potomac and on the Tennessee, sympathize with the Nation in the loss of au emi- 
nent soldier— the last commander of the Army of the James, the last survivor of 
Pennsylvania's noble three, Reynolds, Meade and Ord. 



202 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

ileports from committees. 

On Address of the Commander-in-Chief : 

We have very carefully examined aud considered the comprehensive and eloquent 
address of Oomrade Paul Van Der Voort, Comt.ander-in-Chief , and warmly com- 
mend tiie constant labors and unflagging zeal of our beloved comrade during th(! 
past year. With the rapid increase of the Grand Army of the Republic, as well as a 
corresponding increase of duty upon the part of the Commander-in-Chief, it is a sin- 
cere d-light to every comrade to know that that duty has been amply and magnili- 
cently performed. We in no wise detract from his honored predecessors, who planted 
the seed and nurtured the plant through its tender growth until it became established 
in strength, when we say that his labors have been more abundant and the harvest 
greater than in any previous year. His enthusiasm in all that pertains to the Grand 
Army, his imtiring industry and zeal, his personal magnetism and eloquence com- 
mand the admiration of his comrades everywhere, and if imitated by his successors 
will surely conduct them on the road to success. 

We recommend the adoption of the following : 

1. Besolved, That the cordial thanks of this Encampment be and are hereby ex- 
tended to Comrade Paul Van Der Voort, Commander-in-Chief, for the untiring 
zeal and energy, the unwearied devotion and the boundless love with which he has 
administered the affairs of the Grand Army during the past year, and for the magnif- 
icent "results which have followed his unseltish labor; and we pray that he may live 
long to enjoy the gratitude and love of his comrades, and that he may be blessed with 
unbounded health, happiness and prosperity. 

2. Remlml, That the Council of Administration be and is hereby instructed to 
procure and present to Comrade Van Der Voort, Commander-in-Chief, a suitable 
testimonial of the appreciation of his comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic 
of his splendid services during the past year. 

3. Itesolpcd, That we heartily endorse and concur in the views so forcibly and 
eloquently expressed in the address upon the barbaric crime of polygamy, and we 
most earnestly invite Congress to devise such measures as will speedily and effectually 
remove that blot upon the morals and purity of the nation. 

4. Resolved, That we hail with pleasure all organizations having for their object 
the perpetuity of the principles which are dear to us, and we recognize in the Sons of 
Veterans of the United States of America one that is entitled to the contidence and 
support of all comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

5. li'jsolccd, That being pledged to obey the laws of the land, we claim the right 
to insist that all others should be held to a like obedience ; and, inasmuch as Secticm 
1,754 of the Revised Statutes of the United States provides that disabled soldiers and 
sailors shall be preferred for ap,)oiutments to civil othces, we demand its full and un- 
(pialified cnrorcement in all departments of the civil service. This law was the out- 
growth of the honest gratitude of the American people for the soldiers and sailors 
wlio saved the Uni(jn, and the honor and integrity of the nation is involved in its full 
and am])le enforcement. 

On Report of Adjutant-General F. E. Brown : 

The uiii)rece(lcnted increase in our Order, during tlie year, in Posts and member- 
shi)). ha.s necessarily addeil largely to tho duties of th" orfic-. When we consider that 



Administration of Paul Van Der Yoort. 263 

more tlian one-third of our entire membership have been admitted to our ranlis dur- 
ing his term, we feel that his devotion to duty and his able administration of the 
'affairs of his office is worthy the highest commendation 

We heartily concur in the remarks of the Adjutant-General, relative to prompt- 
ness in forwarding quarterly reports from Posts to Department Headquarters. But 
little now can be said on this subject, yet it is one of such vast importance in the 
prompt and proper transaction of business of an organization as large as the Grand 
Army of the Republic that we would recommend that it be made the subject of a 
General Order from National Headquarters. 

From the enthusiasm pervading the Order, there can be no doubt but that the in- 
crease for the coming year will be great, and we would respectfully suggest that the 
Council of Administration consider the advisability of giving the Adjutant-General 
an a-sistant in his office work and tix the pay for the same. 

We concur in the suggestions of the Adjutant-General, that every officer should 
provide himself with and carefully study the '' Manual." and thus avoid much useless 
correspondence with National as well as Department Headquarters. 

To the comrades who have received special and honorable mention in this report 
for valuable assistance and advice, we suggest that the thanks of this Encampment be 
given. 

On Report of Inspector-General J. W. Burst : 

The Encampment is to be congratulated upon the continued prosperity and un- 
precedented growth of the Grand Army, and the improved condition of the various 
Departments and Posts, as shown in the Inspector-General's report. 

We have carefully read the report, and have fully considered the many recom- 
mendations contained therein, and are pleased to say that we see no necessity for any 
changes or corrections as printed. 

We fully endorse the suggestions of the Inspector-General touching the form, and 
duties of Assistant Inspectors of Departments, in the yearly Inspection of Posts, and 
we recommend that the form presented in said report shall become a part of the form 
for the inspection of Posts. 

We desire especially to congratulate the Inspector-General in presenting in his 
report a new feature, namely: The report on the National Sailors Home at Dayton, 
Ohio, and at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This report of the Soldiers Home covers, in sub- 
stance, the workings of other National h-'oldiers Homes throughout the land. We fur- 
ther recommend that the Inspectors of Departments shall, so far as practicable, make 
application to their various State Governments for permission to officially inspect 
every Soldiers Home and Soldiers Orphans' Home in their State, and to submit to 
the Inspector-General the result of such inspection. 

On Report of Judge-Advocate-General J. R, Carnalian : 

Tour Committee report that after a careful examination of said report and the 
Digest of Opinions accompanying the same, they cordially recommend that said Di- 
gest of Opinions be accepted and approved as the law of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public upon the subjects therein treated. In the opinion of the Committee the com- 
pilation is one of learning, research and ability, bringing the common law of our 
organization in a palpable and comprehensible form before our comrades, and gath- 
ering together and formulating rules for the determination of questions which may 
arise hereafter, which may be invaluable to the Order by reason of their simplicity, 
directness and accessibility. 



264 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

On Report of Quartermaster-General Jolin Taylor : 

The Committee have examined the books, accounts, and vouchers of the Quarterr 
master-General, compared the same with his printed report, and find the same cor- 
rect. 

On Report of Surgeon-General A. Ames, Jr. : 

Your Committee, to whom was referred the report of Surgeon-General Ames, 
report, that in their opinion the assignment of the whole subject of pensions to that 
officer was fortunate in the extreme for our Order. While in time of war the stern 
duties of a surgeon leave liim but little leisure, the position of Surgeon-General in the 
Grand A.rmy of the Republic has been until now but an honorable sinecure in these 
happy times of peace. 

Your Committee finds cause for congratulation, that this truly medical matter of 
pensions has been placed in such competent and experienced hands, and sincerely 
trust a continuance will hereafter obtain, of the work so intelligently inaugurated. 

That portion of the report which recommends the abolition of the present rank 
distinctions in pensions, appears to your Committee particularly in keeping with the 
opening clause of the Declaration of Independence of our country which recognizes 
that all men are born equal. 

Finding nothing to add to the exhaustive and interesting treatise of the Surgeon- 
General, and believing that the justly put and lucid views therein expressed, will 
greatly advance the .moral and legal science of this painful adjunct of war. we recom- 
mend that the Committee on Pensions be requested to take such steps as may be 
neces.sarj'^ to carry out the recommendations contained in the report, and especially 
as to rank and the appointment of a special commission for the revision of the pen- 
sion laws. 

RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

No changes of moment were recommended by the committee. 

COMMITTEE ON PENSIONS. 

The standing Committee on Pensions have given considerable attention to the 
practice of the Pension Office as affecting the adjudication of claims there pending, 
being afforded every facility by the Commissioner, for the purpose ; and the result 
of their inquiry, as attained by the full committee and a sub-committee, will be em- 
bodied in a circular of information and advice to comrades, issued from National 
Headcpiarlers. 

In compliance with the vote of the last Encampment, the (Committee advocated in 
an amended form tlie .so-called " Forty Dollar Bill,' before the two Houses of Con- 
gress, with .successful results; and while llie full .scope of the original bill was found 
to be unobtainable, it affords, as passed, a good degree of relief to the comrades for 
whose benefit it was devised. 

Tlie manifold interests of the comrades in the whole pension system received so 
full a discussion iu the report of the Surgeon-General, and his recommendations are 
so in afcord with the convictions of the Committee on Pensions, that tliey find it un- 
necessary to elaborate points which they might otherwise express themselves upon. 



Administbation of Paul Yan Dek Vookt. 285 

After an interesting debate (pages 139-147, Journal, 1583), tlie 
report was concurred in. 

COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS. 

The committee recommended that no application for restora- 
tion to rank of any Past Department Commander shall be consid- 
ered unless made in the following form : 

1. First. A request from the Post of which the comrade sought to be restored is 
now a member, asking for such restoration. 2d. A resolution of the Department ap- 
proving such request. 3d. Name of the comrade and of the Post into which he was 
originally mustered. 4th. The date of such muster. 5th. The date of election and 
installation as Department Commander. 6th. The cause of leaving the Grand Anny 
of the Republic, whether— A. By resignation ; B. By disbandnient of Post or De- 
partment ; or C. By what other cause. 7th. Date of the organization of the Post of 
which he is now a member. 8th. Date of his muster into said Post. 

The above information is needed to enable tliis Encampment to judge whether the 
comrade should be granted the high honor of a restoration to the rank forfeited by 
cessation of membership with us, and which should never be granted if such cessation 
was the voluntary act of the comrade. 

3. That the Commander-in-Chief be and he is •hereby authorized and requested 
to have prepared a proper form of petition to Congress asking that Memorial Day 
be made a national holiday, and that the several Posts be requested to have such a 
petition properly signed and pre.sented to Congress at its next session. 

3. That the National Encampment cordially wishes God speed to the organi^iation 
of ex nurses and similar bodies of women who seek by concerted effort to make per- 
petual, as well as effective, the lessons of the war for the suppression of the rebellion 
in which they bore honorable part. 

4 That the Commander-in-Chief be and he is hereby requested to have pre- 
pared r. proper form of petition to Congress asking legislation to place volunteers of 
the navy upon the same footing with volunteer soldiers as to admission into Soldiers' 
Homes, and that the several Posts be requested to have such petition signed and for- 
warded to Congress. 

Adopted. 

GENERAL RESOLUTIONS. 

On motion of Comrade Theo. F. Wiseman, Kansas, a commit- 
tee of five was appointed to present a memorial to Congress for 
" the establishment of a Soldiers' Home west of the Mississippi. 
(See Eeport, Chapter XXII.) 

The following was adopted on motion of Chaplain-in-Chief 
Foster : 

Besohcd, That we cordially hail the organization of a National Woman's Relief 
Corps and extend our greeting to them. We return our warmest thanks to the loyal 
women of the land for their earnest support and encouragement and bid them God 
speed in their patriotic work. 



266 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

The thanks of the Eucampinent were unanimously tendered to 
Department Commander E. K. Stimson, of Colorado, for his 
laborious services in connection with the Encampment and Re- 
union ; " to the Legislature of the State of Colorado and the citi- 
zens of Denver and the Department Encampment of Colorado, for 
the bountiful manner in which they have entertained us during 
our stay in this beautiful city ; " also to Senator Tabor, for the 
use of his beautiful Opera House for the meeting. 

The thanks of the Encampment were extended to Comrade 
William A, Hammill, of Georgetown, Colorado, for the silver 
badges presented by him to each member of the Encampment. 
The badge was a very elaborate piece of workmanship, consisting 
of a representation of a rising sun, in silver, two inches in diam- 
eter, bearing the inscription around the outer edge, " Fraternity, 
Charity and Loyalty — 1861-1883." In the center is the mono- 
gram, " G. A. R." On the obverse are the words, " Seventeenth 
Annual EncamjDment, Denver, Colorado, July, 1883. Nil Sine 
Numine," and in the center a shield with a representation of 
mountains on the upper half and a pick and hammer crossed 
on the lower. It was suspended from a silver pin b}^ a buff 
ribbon bearing the name of the Department to which the comrade 
belonged. 

TESTIMONIAL TO PAST COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF GEO. S. MERRILL. 

Comrade Clias. F. Manderson, Nebraska, on behalf of the 
committee, presented to Past Commander-in-Chief Merrill a beau- 
tiful gold badge mounted with diamonds, voted by the National 
Encampment in appreciation of his arduous labors as Commander- 
in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic. 



ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, Robert B. Beath, Pennsylvania. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, William Warner, Missouri. 
Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, Walter H. Holmes, Cali- 
fornia. 

Surgeon-General, Dr. Azel Ames, Jr., Massachusetts, re-elected. 
Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. I. M. Foster, New York, re-elected. 



Administration of Paul Van Der Toort. 267 

council of administration. 

Arkansas, E. A. Nickels ; California, J. C. Tucker, M. D.; Colo- 
rado, Bjron L. Carr ; Connecticut, W. H. Pierrej)ont ; Delaware, 
W. H. Purnell ; Illinois, Smitli D. Atkins ; Indiana, E. S. Kobert- 
son ; Iowa, Henry Fry ; Kansas, John A. Martin ; Kentucky, J. 
Elwood Livezay; Maine, Charles A. Coombs ; Maryland, Geo. B. 
Creamer ; Massachusetts, Henry B. Peirce ; Michigan, W. H. Mil- 
ler ; Minnesota, William Thomas ; Missouri, J. S. Sterrett ; Ne- 
braska, J. H. Culver ; New Hampshire, W. H. D. Cochrane ; New 
Jersey, A. M. Way ; New Mexico, T. AY. Collier ; New York, A. H. 
Spierre ; Ohio, Carl N. Bancroft ; Oregon, B. H. Tuttle ; Pennsyl- 
vania, Samuel Harper ; Potomac, Gilbert M. Husted ; Ehode 
Island, Thos. W. Manchester ; Vermont, Warren Gibbs ; Virginia, 
C. W. Burr ; Wisconsin, J. Davidson. 

The newly elected officers were installed in the presence of the 
officers and members of the Women's Belief Corps. 

The Commander-in-Chief announced as the Committee on 
Pensions : 

George S. Merrill, Massachusetts ; Louis Wagner, Pennsyl- 
vania ; C. H. Grosvenor, Ohio; Azel Ames, Jr., Massachusetts; 
Paul Van Der Voort, Nebraska. 



COURTESIES EXTENDED. 

Extensive preparations had been made in Denver for the re- 
ception and entertainment of the delegates, and for the general re- 
union. A camp had been established in the suburbs of the city 
capable of accommodating fifteen thousand men, the streets were 
decorated upon the most extensive and exjDensive scale, and above 
all there was a hearty welcome by the citizens of the State, 

The Camp was formally opened on the morning of July 25th, 
the exercises being presided over by Comrade G. G. Symes. 

Governor J. B. Grant, of Colorado, made an eloquent address 
in welcoming the members of the Grand Army of the Republic to 
Colorado. He was followed by Mayor John L, Bouth, of Denver. 
An appropriate response was made by Commander-in-Chief Y'an 
Der Voort, followed by Comrades J. G. B. Adams, Massachusetts, 
E. K. Stimson, Colorado, and General John A. Logan. 



268 Grand Army of the Republic. 

In the afternoon there was a Parade of the Colorado National 
Guard and the Grand Army of the Republic, with General John 
A. Logan, Marshal. 

Platforms had been erected on the streets, and they were 
crowded with ladies and children. -The sidewalks along the route 
of parade was lined Avith spectators. 

The children's singing of war songs was a feature of the re- 
union. The pyramid on which the children stood was thirty-five 
feet across at the base, and twelve feet high. Long before the 
parade appeared the streets were packed for squares around, and 
nothing would satisfy the eager multitude but the singing of the 
200 children. The heartiest cheers went up from the listeners at 
the end of each song, and finally, when the advance guard of the 
parade arrived, the cheers Avliich greeted Prof. Birdsall and his 
young patriotic singers were deafening. General Logan halted his 
command and joined heartily in the cheering. And not to be out- 
done, the children waved their flags and cheered the veterans in 
return. The song of welcome to the Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic, composed by Comrade Birdsall, was received with great en- 
thusiasm. 

TOPEKA FLAMBEAU CLUB. 

In the evening the Topeka (Kansas) Flambeau Club, under 
command of Major T. J. Anderson, made a brilliant display. 

For an hour, while going through their military evolutions, 
marching and counter-marching, they kept up a continuous blaze 
of roman candles, sky-rockets and pyrotechnic novelties that ex- 
cited the greatest enthusiasm. 

The State of Colorado appropriated $21,000 towards the enter- 
tainment of the members of the Grand Army of the Republic at- 
tending the Encampment. This sum was suj)plemented by large 
donations from the citizens of Denver. The amount appropriated 
by the State was principally expended for excursions for the 
members of the Encampment and their families. The first of 
these was on July 20, to Greeley, Fort Collins, Longmont and 
Boulder, the route being through the agricultural region of Col- 
orado. 

On July 21), the Encampment started on the grand excursion 
to Leadville and Gunnison ; one division going by tlie way of the 



Administration of Paul Yan Der Yoort. 269 

Denver and South Park Railroad, returning via Denver and Eio 
Grande Railroad, arriving in Denver on August 2d ; the other 
division going via Denver and Rio Grande and returning by the 
Denver and South Park Railroad. 

The visitors met only with unbounded hospitality on these 
trips, and most thoroughly appreciated and enjoyed the thoughtful 
generosity that enabled them, without expense, to travel through 
a large part of the State, over mountain passes and through ro- 
mantic gorges and canons that excited wonder and admiraUon at 
every point. This trip was one never to be forgotten by its j)ar- 
ticipants. 



CHAPTER XXII. 

ADMl>sISTRATI()X OF COMMANDEK -IN - CHIEF R. B. BEATII — 
EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION, MINNEAPOLIS, JULY 23, 1884. 

Headquarters were established iu Philadelphia, with the 
following staff: 

Adjutant-General, John M. Yanderslice, Pennsylvania. 
Quartermaster-General, .John Taylor, Pennsylvania. 
Inspector-General, Chas. A. Santmyer, Ohio. 
•Judge-Advocate-General, AVilliam Vandever, Iowa. 
Assistant Adjutant-General, Thomas J. Stewart, Pennsylvania. 

Colonel Robert B. Beath, Commander-in-Chief, was born in 
Philadelphia, January 26, 1839, and served an apprenticeship as 
a machine-blacksmith. He enlisted on the first call for troops, in 
the 23d Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was discharged as Sergeant 
at the end of the three months terra. Re-enlisted September 5, 
1861, as Sergeant, Company D, 88th Pennsylvania Volunteers; 
promoted to be First Sergeant and Second Lieutenant. Was 
slightly Avounded at second Bull Run, August 30, 1862. In July, 
1863, was commissioned Captain, Company A, 6th U. S. Colored 
Troops. Served with the Regiment in the Army of the James, 
and was badly wounded in the charge of the Brigade on New 
Market Heights, Virginia, September 29th, 1864, resulting iu the 
amputation of his right leg below the knee. AVhen able to leave 
the hospital was assigned to Camp "William Penn, Philadelphia, 
and there remained until able to Avear an artificial limb, when he 
returned to his Regiment in North Carolina, and Avas examined 
for promotion as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Regiment. Was as- 
signed to duty in the Freedmen's Bureau, in North Carolina ; 
commissioned J^ieutenant-Colonel, but not mustered. Was mus- 
tered-out, September 20, 1865. 

He Avas elected Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania in 1871, for 
three years. Charter-member of Post No. 2, Philadelphia, Octo- 
ber 28, 1866, and charter member and the first Commander of Post 
L270] 



Administration of Kobert B. Beath. 271 

No. 5, Philadelphia, and also the first Junior Vice-Commauder of 
the Department. 

In July, 1867, removed to Pottsville, Pennsylvania, and there 
served two terms as Commander of Gowen Post No. 23. Was 
four years Assistant Adjutant-General of the Department ; De- 
partment Commander in 1873 ; two years Inspector-General of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, under Commander-in-Chief Burn- 
side, and three years Adjutant-General under Commanders-in- 
Chief Hartranft and AVagner. He compiled the first Manual for 
the use of the Grand Army, and later compiled the Grand Army 
Blue Book, citing the law and precedents on all points raised in 
regard to the Rules and Regulations of the Order. Has been, since 
1881, Secretary of the United Firemen's Insurance Company, Phil- 
adelphia. Is Vice-President, Board of Trustees, Pennsylvania 
Soldiers and Sailors Home. 

Major William Warner, Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, was 
born in Lafayette county,Wisconsin, in 1840. He entered the service 
in Company C, 33d Wisconsin Volunteers. Was promoted Adjutant 
and then Captain. Was afterward appointed Captain and Assistant 
Adjutant-General, by President Lincoln. In 1864 was commis- 
sioned Major, 44th Wisconsin, and served in the 16th and 17th 
Army Corps. He was a member of the Grand Army oi the Re- 
public in Wisconsin, 1866-67. Removed to Kansas City to prac- 
tice law, and, in 1881, there organized Geo. H. Thomas Post, and 
was its first Commander. Was elected Department Commander 
in 1882, and re-elected in 1883, and done most efficient work in that 
position in building up the Order in his State. 

At Minneapolis he was nominated by General Sherman fcr 
Commander-in-Chief. 

He has rejDresented the 5tli Missouri District in Congress 
for two terms, and declined renomination for a third term. 
Elected Commander-in-Chief at Columbus. See Chapter XXVI. 

Major Walter H. Holmes, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 
enlisted, April 19, 1861, as a Private in the 8th New York State 
Militia, and at the end of the three months term was commissioned 
First Lieutenant, 170th New York, which served first in North 
Carolina, and afterward in the 2d Army Corps, Army of the Poto- 
mac. Was promoted Captain in 1863, and mustered-out at the 
close of the war. AVas a charter member of Post No. 11, Brook- 



272 Grand Army of the Republic. 

lyn. lu 1874 he went to California, and aided in the formation of 
Geo. H. Thomas Post, in San Francisco. Served two terms as 
Commander, and was noted for his energetic and successful Avork 
in recruiting the Post. He has taken a leading part in all the 
work pertaining to the Grand Army of the Republic on the Pacific 
coast. He was Grand Marshal of the notable parade in San Fran- 
cisco, on the assembly of the Twentieth National Encamp- 
ment. 

John M. Vanderslice, Adjutant-General, was born near Valley 
Forge, Chester county, Pennsylvania. At the age of seventeen he 
left the Classical Institute, where he was preparing for college, 
and enlisted, February, 1864, as a Private in the 8th Pennsylvania 
Cavalry, and served with that Regiment in the campaigns of the 
Cavalry of the Army of the Potomac, until Lee's surrender. Upon 
being mustered-out, in July, 1865, he resumed his studies and was 
admitted to the Philadelphia Bar in May, 1869, since which time 
he has been in active 23ractice there. 

He served several terms as Adjutant of Post 2, Philadelphia. 
In 1876 he was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General of the De- 
partment of Pennsylvania, and served for six years, when he Avas 
elected Department Commander. 

He is an active Grand Army worker, and has been regular in 
attendance u})f)n the Department and National Encampments. Is 
a Trustee of the Pennsylvania Soldiers Home, at Erie, and a Di- 
rector of the Gettysburg Battle-field Memorial Association. 

Captain Chas. A. Santmyer, Inspector-General, enlisted in 1857, 
at the age of seventeen, in Battery B, 4th U. S. Artillery, and took 
part in the " Mormon Expedition," to Utah. He served Avith the 
Battery until July 7, 1862, and was then discharged as First Ser- 
geant. Commissioned Second Lieutenant, 1st Maryland Cavalry ; 
promoted Captain, August, 1864 ; mustered-out, 1865. In 1879 he 
joined Geo. H. Thomas Post No. 13, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and, in 
1880, became a charter member of Post 30, at his home in Car- 
thage, Ohio, serving four years as its Commander. Served as 
Assistant Inspector-General in 1882 and 1883. 

General Wm. Yandevek, Judge-Advocate-General, Avas elected 
to Congress from Iowa, in 1858, and re-elected in 1860. He re- 
signed liis seat at th(! l)re;iking out of the Avar, to take command 







Group of National Officers, 1883. 



Administration of Robert B. Beath. 273 

as Colonel of the 9tli Iowa Volunteers. Promoted Brigadier- 
General, November 29, 1862, and Brevet Major-General, June 7, 
1865. He was in command of Divisions in the 1.3th, 14th and 
16th Army Corps, in many important engagements. 

He joined the Grand Army of the Republic in Iowa, in 1866, 
and was elected member of the National Council of Administra- 
tion, January, 1868. Commander, Post No. 7, Dubuque, Iowa, 
1882-83. In 1884 he moved to California, and was Commander of 
Cushing Post No. 44. Was elected a Member of the 50th Con- 
gress, from the 6th Congressional District, California. 

EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL SESSION. 

The National Encampment met in Minneapolis, July 23, 1884, 
and was called to order by Commander-in-Chief Robert B. Beath. 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

Adjutant-General J. M. Vanderslice ; W. H. Miller, Michigan ; 
Thos. W. Manchester, Rhode Island ; Wm. Thomas,'*Minnesota ; 
G. M. Husted, Potomac. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief Robert B. Beath. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief William Warner. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief W. H. Holmes. 
Chaplain-in-Chief I. M. Foster. 
Adjutant-General J. M. Vanderslice. 
Assistant Adjutant-General Thos. J. Stewart. 
Quartermaster-General John Taylor. 
Inspector-General Chas. A. Santmyer. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Colorado, C. T. Harkinson ; Connecticut, W. H. Pierpont ; 
Delaware, W. H. Purnell ; Illinois, Smith D. Atkins ; Indiana, R. 
S. Robertson ; Iowa, Henry Fry ; Kansas. John A. Martin ; Maine, 
Chas. A. Coombs ; Maryland, George B. Creamer ; Massachusetts, 
Henry B. Peirce ; Michigan, W. H. Miller ; Minnesota, William 
Thomas ; Missouri, J. S. Sterrett ; Nebraska, J. H. Culver ; New 
Hampshire, Daniel B. Newhall ; New Jersey, A. M. Way ; New 
York, A. H. Spierre ; Ohio, Carl N. Bancroft ; Oregon, B. B. Tut- 
18 



274 Grand Army of the Republic. 

tie ; Pennsylvania, Samuel Harper ; Potomac, Gilbert M. Husted ; 
Rhode Island, Thos. "W. Manchester; Vermont, Warren Gibbs; 
Virginia, C. W. Burr : AVisconsin, J. Davidson. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Arkansas, 1; California, 1; Colorado, 8 ; Connecticut, 8; Da- 
kota, 6 ; Delaware, 3 ; Illinois, 24 ; Indiana, 18 ; Iowa, 19 ; Kan- 
sas, 23 ; Kentucky, 4; Maine, 9 ; Maryland, 5 ; Massachusetts, 18 ; 
Michigan, 17; Minnesota, 10; Missouri, 13; Nebraska, 14; New 
Hampshire, 10 ; New Jersey, 11 ; New York, 32 ; Ohio, 29 ; Ore- 
gon, 1; Pennsylvania, 40 ; Potomac, 9 ; Rhode Island, 2 ; Tennes- 
see and Georgia, 4; Vermont, 5 ; Virginia, 3 ; Wisconsin 13 ; West 
Virginia, 1; AVashington Territory, 1. Total, 32 Departments ; 
362 Department Officers and Representatives. 

Commander-in-Chief Beath then read his address, reviewing 
the work of the year. He had made official visits to seventeen 
Departments, attended the unveiling of the Soldiers Monu- 
ment at Buffiilo, New York, on July 4th, and, with the officers of 
the Woman's Relief Corps, had visited the Soldiers Home, at 
Chelsea, Massachusetts. 

He recommended that other Departments follow the lead of 
Massachusetts, New York and California, and, by appropriate leg- 
islation, secure Homes for the homeless. 

That all our sick, destitute and unfortunate comrades might be gathered from 
their own poor homes, or from Almshouses, and, as the wards of a grateful people, 
thus spend their remaining days in peace and comfort, surrounded by all that broth- 
erly love or pjitriotic solicitude could suggest or provide, assured that when the inevi- 
table end should come, they would be given the honors of a soldier's funeral, and 
would not fill part of a pauper's grave.. 



90,500 membership badges had been issued during the year. Through the kind 
courtesy and attention of Hon. Robert T. Lincoln, Secretary of War, and General 
Stephen V. Benet, over ten thousand pounds of captured cannon-metal had been se- 
sured for the manufacture of badges. 

DIGEST OF DECISIONS. 

Comrade Jas. R. Carnahan, Indiana, Past Judge-Advocate General, had, during 
the year, compiled a complete digest of decisions upon the Rules and Regulations, and 
was entitled to the thanks of the National Encampment for the able manner in which 
he liad discharged the laborious task. 



Administration of Kobert B. Beath. 211 



WOMAN S RELIEF CORPS. 

Having visited National Headquarters of the Woman's Relief Corps, to ascertain 
if there was any aid the Grand Array could give in the prosecution of their work, he 
had been impressed with the fact that they had, in themselves, the ability and re- 
sources to carry out the details of the organization, and that they most needed the 
expression of our hearty appreciation of their work, and of sympathy in their objects. 

Comrades who doubted the wisdom of our taking any action last year, will soon 
see that this Woman's Relief Corps is to be our Grand Army Reserve, ready to re- 
spond for efficient help in all our social and charitable work. 

As we grow older, and as our ranks shall become thinned, we shall be drawn more 
closely together. We shall cultivate the fraternal features of the organization more 
and more, and here again the loyal women are to be our efficient helpers; our wives 
and daughters and other friends are to enjoy with us the pleasures that mean so much 
to ourselves— the re-unions of men who fought under the old flag nearly a quarter 
of a century ago. 

SONS OP VETERANS. 

The Commander-in-Chief had no recommendations to make relative to the Sons 
of Veterans, further than that we should insist on the abrogation of the many high- 
sounding titles they have distributed with lavish profusion, and that they be required 
to wear a uniform that will not be confounded with that of the G. A. R. 

THE PENSION OFFICE. 

At the request of the Commissioner of Pensions, Comrade W. W. Dudley, 
Posts of the G A. R. had been called upon to furnish the Pension Office with the 
name and address of each member, with Company and Regiment, or vessel, for 
filing for reference in that Department. 

These cards had already been of great service in the settlement of long pending 
claims. 

SPECIAL RELIEF. 

In October a call had been issued for help for the sufferers by yellow fever in Pen- 
sacola. More money had been subscribed than was needed for the purpose. Assist- 
ance had been tendered for sufferers by the heavy floods in Indiana, but the officers 
of the Department replied that they would rely altogether upon their own Posts. 

NATIONAL TRIBUNE. 

During the year the National Tribune had sent out over 250 applications for char- 
ters, in response to requests of its readers. Fifty-six of such applications had been 
returned with the fees to National Headquarters, and others were sent direct to the 
proper Departments. 

POLITICS. 

Several complaints had been received of improper references to the G. A. R. at 
public meetings and in the columns of the Press, but no evidence had been presented 
that any comrade had violated our Rules on this subject. It was suggested, however, 
that the wearing of the badge at political meetings was in bad taste. 

PENSION LEGISLATION. 

Reference was made, at length, to the opposition of some Posts to the legislation 
by the National Encampment upon the subject of Pensions, and he urged the Encamp- 



276 Gkand Army of the Republic. 

mcnt to consider whether Posts should thus array themselves against the action taken 
by their representatives, and so imperil legislation for the disabled and for the widows 
and other dependent relatives of the dead. 

Junior Yice-Commauder-in-Cliief Walter H. Holmes presented 
an encouraging report of the outlook of the Order in California, 
Oregon and Washington Territory. He referred to the Post in 
Honolulu, which has made its influence most potently felt for 
good, and has won a name for charitable deeds, and for loyal and 
earnest work, that called forth the warm plaudits of native and 
foreigner alike, and the hearty recognition of the King, who, on 
last Memorial Day, accompanied by the Royal Gentlemen of his 
Suite, paid sacred tribute of respect to " Our Soldier Dead " who 
lie entombed in that far-off foreign clime, and over whose graves 
the comrades of George W. De Long Post strewed their floral of- 
ferings in loving remembrance. 

A large and commodious " Veterans' Home " had been estab- 
lished at Yountville, California. Nearly ^iOjOOO had been raised 
through that Department for this Home. 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General John M. Vanderslice presented a report 
showing : 

Members in good standing March 31, 1883 146,183 

Gained by muster-in 105,055 

" Transfer 3,957 

" Reinstatement 15,311 

Total gain 124,333 

Aggregate 270,506 

Loss by deaths during the year 1,897 

Honorable discharge 159 

" Transfer 5,884 

" Suspension 28,801 

Dishonorable discharge 170 

Total loss 36,911 

Members in good standing March 31, 1884 233,595 

Membership reported June 30, 1884 253,895 

Number of Posts, March 31, 1883 2^575 

" 31, 1HS4 4,325 

Net gain in membership during the year 87,412 

" " Posts 1,748 

Amount expended for relief $153,364.30 

Number of members of the G. A. R. relieved 6,324 

others 2,513 

The amount rejjorted as expended for relief does not properly represent the 
ainount actually expended, as many Po.'^ts are not particular in this respect, and some 
make no report of the amount expended in charity. 



Administration of Robert B. Beath. 277 

A consolidated report was given of membership by Depart- 
ments for each year, from 1873, and also of representation by De- 
partments in the National Encampment, from 1866. 

During the year the following Permanent Departments were 
organized : 

Utah. — Embracing Utah, Montana and Idaho ; organized, 
October 19, 1883. Tennessee and Georgia. — Embracing Tennes- 
see, Georgia and Alabama ; organized, February 26, 1884. Gulf. 
— Embracing Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi ; organized. May 
15, 1884. Florida.— Organized June 19, 1884. 

The Provisional Department of Florida had been discontinued, 
and, principally through the exertions of Comrade B. F. Stearns, 
had been afterward organized as a Permanent Department. 

All Provisional Departments had been formed into Permanent 
Departments. He recommended that no other Provisional De- 
partments be formed, but Posts in any other States or Territories 
report direct to National Headquarters. 

Quartermaster-General John Taylor reported net cash receipts, 
including balance previously reported, $68,285.70; disbursements, 
54,987.15 ; cash balance, $13,298.55. 

$3,593.72 had been received for the Pensacola Fund, and only 
$600 had been called for, the quarantine having been raised, and 
no further assistance required. Part of this fund, to the amount 
of $1,500, had been used for the relief of sufferers by the heavy 
floods in Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia and Western Pennsyl- 
vania, and $190.11 returned to Departments, leaving the balance 
in this Special Relief Fund, $1,292.71. He recommended a further 
reduction in the price of supplies to decrease profits and avoid ac- 
cumulating larger cash balances. 

Inspector-General Charles A. Santmyer made a thorough re- 
port of the condition of each Department. 

Judge-Advocate-General William Vandever reported the opin- 
ions given during the year upon questions submitted. 

The Executive Committee of the Council of Administration 
presented a complete and interesting report upon the manufacture 
of membership badges {Journal, 1884, pp. 86-92), showing from 
what sources the captured gun-metal had been received, which 
had been used in compliance with the rules on this siibject. 

They recommended that the Rules and Regulations be amended, 



278 Grand Army of the Republic. 

forbiilding the wearing of any other membership badge than that 
obtained through tlie proper channels from National Headquar- 
ters, and that Posts be required to present a badge to each recruit 
at the time of muster, and to add the cost thereof to the muster 
fee. 

The report was unanimously adopted. 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On the Address of the Commander-in-Chief : — R. S. Robertson, 
Indiana ; Thomas E, Barker, Massachusetts ; 8. B. Home, Con- 
necticut ; E. E. Ewing, Ohio ; W. W. Berry, Illinois. 

On Rules and Regulations : — H. B. Peirce, Massachusetts ; H 

E. Taintor, Connecticut ; C. V. R. Pond, Michigan ; H. M. Nevius, 
New Jersey ; A. B. Valentine, Vermont. 

On Ritual and Services (relieving the Committee on Rules, 
Regulations, and Ritual from considering proposed changes in 
Ritvial) : — Ben. D. House, Indiana ; D. Lanning, Ohio ; J. L. 
AVheeler, New Jersey ; F. M. Smith, Maryland ; A. J. Sellers, Penn- 
sylvania. 

On the Report of the Adjutant-General : — A. P. Pease, Mis- 
souri ; C. C, Royce, Potomac ; D. Horace Holman, Maine ; W. B. 
Shockley, Kansas ; Geo. B. Squires, New York. 

On the Report of the Quartermaster-General : — Samuel A. Har- 
per, Illinois ; AY. W. Walker, Maryland ; B. L. Carr, Colorado ; 

F. E. Brown, Nebraska ; L. Travers, Rhode Island. 

On the Report of the Inspector-General : — Charles T. Clark, 
Ohio ; A. E. Emery, New Hampshire ; Phil. Cheek, Jr., Wiscon- 
sin; W. L. Culbertson, Iowa ; H. G. Hicks, Minnesota. 

On Resolutions : — S. S. Burdett, Potomac ; Ben. D. House, In- 
diana ; John Palmer, New York ; Thomas H. Barnes, Arkansas ; 
W. H. Holmes, California ; A. P. Curry, Colorado ; J. D. Plunkett, 
Connecticut ; W. S. McNair, Delaware ; R. W. McClaughry, Illi- 
nois ; Lot Abraham, Iowa ; J. W. Feighan, Kansas ; W. H. Har- 
ton, Kentucky ; Benjamin Williams, Maine ; L. P. Henninhausen, 
^faryland ; James F. Meech, Massachusetts ; Rush J. Shank, 
Micliigan ; C, G. Edwards, Minnesota; H. C. McDougall, Mis- 
souri ; Jolin C. Linehan, New Hampshire ; Joseph R. Van Syckle, 
New Jersey ; S. H. Hurst, Ohio ; B. B. Tuttle, Oregon ; A. C. 



Administration of Robert B. Beath. 279 

Reinoehl, Pennsylvania ; A. K. McMahon, Rhode Island ; N. P. 
Bowman, Vermont ; B. C. Cook, Virginia ; E. M. Bartlett, AVis- 
consin ; W. I. Marshall, Tennessee and Georgia ; S. J. Alexander, 
Nebraska ; C. F. Shaw, AVest Virginia ; I. E. West, Dakota. 

REPORTS OF committees. 

1 

ON NATIONAL HOMES. 

Comrade William Warner, chairman of the committee ap- 
pointed at the preceding Encampment, to petition Congress to 
establish a Soldiers' Home west of the Mississippi, reported that 
they had fully accomplished the purpose for which they had been 
appointed. The committee consisted of Comrades William War- 
ner, Missouri ; Theo. Wiseman, Kansas ; H. E. Palmer, Nebraska ; 
John Lindt, Iowa ; and Theo. F. Brown, Nebraska. Comrade 
Brown was unable to visit Washington, and his place was filled 
by Albion P. Pease, Missouri. 

Section 5 of the bill, as passed, provided : 

That all honorably discharged soldiers and sailors who served in the war of the 
rebellion, and the volunteer soldiers and sailors of the war of eighteen hundred and 
twelve, and of the Mexican War, who are disabled by age, disease or otherwise, and 
by reason of such disability are incapable of earning a living, shall be admitted into 
the home for disabled volunteer soldiers, provided such disability was not incurred 
in service against the United States. 

Prior to this time sailors had been debarred from the privi- 
leges of these Homes, and all applicants had been required to 
prove that their disabilities were incurred in the service. Under 
this bill all disabled soldiers and sailors are entitled to admission, 
whether their disabilities were incurred in the service or since 
discharge. 

This Home has since been established at Leavenworth, Kan- 
sas. The bill was more liberal and beneficial in all its provisions 
than any previously passed. 

PENSIONS. 

The Committeee on Pensions presented a majority report and 
a minority report. The majority of the committee favored legis- 
lation for pensions to survivors of rebel prisons suffering from 
disability without requiring proof that such disability was actu- 
ally incurred in the service. 



280 Grand Army of the Republic. 

The minority report favored pensions for all ex-prisoners-of- 
Avar, Avhetlier disabled or not. 

The committee also opposed legislation for the issue of land 
warrants to soldiers and sailors, without the occupancy of the land 
required under the laws, and from this the minority dissented. 
The subject was ably and exhaustively debated, and the majority 
report was adopted. 

Report of Committee on Address of Commander-in-Chief R. 
B. Beath : 

The showing made of the substantial increase in membership during the past 
year, and of the excellent financial condition of the Order, are sufficient evidences of 
the executive ability of the Comraandcr-in-Cliief, and entitle him to commendation 
for the energy, skill and ability he has brought to bear for the advancement of the 
interests of the Grand Army during his administration, and also demonstrate that he 
is worthy to rank among the most worthy and able of his predecessors in off.ce. 

We concur in his recommendation that Departments assume the expense of in- 
spections, and thus relieve Posts therefrom. 

We especially call attention to that portion of liis address which relates to the his- 
tory of the manufacture of badges, and heartily commend his action in relation to 
the same 

We desire to commend the action of the Commander-in-Chief in causing the pub- 
lication for general distribution, of the ably prepared digest of Comrade J. R. Cak- 
NAHAN, thus placing within the reach of every Post, a knowledge of the law which 
governs our Order, and we recommend to Post officers, a careful study of the same. 

That well regulated camp-tires, or Grand Army social entertainments, conducted 
with a view^ of interesting the communities in which the Posts are located, are benefi- 
cial both to the Posts and communities, we think is a well established fact ; but we are 
of opinion that a proper regard for the Sabbath should be observed, so that no oifense 
may be given to that portion of our people wlio followed our marches and our battles 
with their prajers, and gave us substantial aid in the days of our dire necessities, 
through that noble band familiar to all of us as the Christian Commission. 

We therefore connnend the recommindation of the Commander-in-Chief upon 
this subject, and urge Posts to cultivate friendly relations with their people through 
this medium. 

We are of the opinion that his course of referring to the Encampment the ques- 
tion of aid to homes for Confederate veterans, before acting upon the request for aid, 
was wise and prudent, as we believe tliat although one of the great tenets of our Order 
is charity we would not be teaching another, that of Loyalty to the Union by making 
the Grand Army a medium for that kind of charity. 

Whatever individual Posts or individual members may consider their duty in this 
direction, and thus do " for sweet charity's sake," is a question which concerns none 
but themselves and the beneficiaries of their charity, but we are opposed to aid of 
tliis kind on the part of the Grand Army as a National body, and prefer that Posts 
and individuals be left to use their own discretion as to giving aid to the unfortunate 
survivors of the " lost cause," toward whom wc feel no bitterness, but only pity and 
eliarital)1e consideration. 

That part of the Com ;nander-in Chiefs address relating to the Woman's National 



Administration of Robert B. Beath. 281 

Relief Corps, gives evidence of the wisdom of the action of the last Annual Encamp- 
ment, in recognizing their efforts as a worthy band of co-laborers in our charitable 
work; and we extend to them our hearty congratulations on the growth and success 
of their organization, and we bid them God-speed in their noble undertaking. 

We are of the opinion that the admonition to guard against the introduction of 
political questions in any meeting of the Grand Army is timely, and should be care- 
fully observed in letter and spirit, so that no one may give offense to any comrade 
who may differ with him in political sentiment, but not in the sentiments which 
should alone govern our fraternal intercourse, the sentiments of " Fraternity, Charity 
and Loyalty.'' 

If the Grand Army is to stand sponsor for the Order of the Sons of Veterans, we 
are of the opinion that such action should be taken as will harmonize the apparent 
distinction between the " Sons of Veterans of the U. S. of A.," and the " Sons of Vet- 
erans," and we are opposed to the idea of admitting to the privileges of the Order, 
only the eldest son and his descendants, and also to the conferring of higher military 
titles upon the children of veterans, than were attained by hosts of gallant veteran sires, 
who earned their titles and honors upon the bloody fields of the Rebellion. We 
should either formulate their ritual, or divorce their Order from ours. 

We are glad to be able to heartily concur with the Commander-in-Chief in his 
suggestions in regard to pension legislation, and recommend that all petitions and 
resolutions by Posts, upon the subject of pension legislation, be required to be for- 
warded to National Headquarters, through Department Headquarters, for the infor- 
mation of the National Committee on Pensions, believing that the greatest good to 
the greatest number will accrue from such a regulation. Organized effort in the right 
direction may often be defeated by indiscriminate and sometimes hasty and ill-judged 
separate action. 

In the opinion of this committee, this Order has too long been made to pose as a 
supplicant for unequal recognition by demanding equal consideration for the maimed 
and the unmaimed; the broken-down soldier and the robust survivor. The beneficent 
bounty of the Government should not be looked upon as a matter of .spoils, but a 
staff upon which the decrepit soldier may lean. With the Commander-in-Chief, we 
heartily approve of united action, and moderate demands, and that reason and jus- 
lice should not be ignored in what we do and ask. 

That the Nation, saved by the heroism and patriotism of its soldiers and sailors, 
has entered upon a plane of prosperity never before attained, and that its trea.sury is 
full and overflowing, should not be made the pretext for schemes to deplete it, in the 
name of the heroes whose glory it is that they saved the nation. 

What is just in the matter of equalization of bounties has been too long ignored. 
The soldier who enlisted at the beginning of the war, and fought in all the battles of 
his command, is surely entitled to no less consideration than the recruit who entered 
near its close, while the disparity between the meagreness of the bounty of the one 
and the lavish endovrments of the other, has never ceased to bear the brand of shame- 
ful injustice, and to this we would once more, not vainly, we hope, call the attention 
of our law-makers. 

We desire to express the thanks of the Committee to the Commander-in-Chief for 
the clear, full and terse suggestions and points made in liis address, which served to 
lighten to a considerable degree, the labors of the Committee, and enabled us to con- 
cur in all his recommendations, whether herein specially mentioned or not. 

In order to carry out these suggestions and recommendations, we recommend the 
adoption of the following: 

Resolved, That the Council of Administration be instructed to cause a suitable testi- 



282 Grand Army of the Republic. 

monial to be procured and presented to the Commander-in-Chief, as a token of our 
recognition of his eminent services in bclialf of the Grand Army. 

Resolred, That hereafter the various Departments bo requested to assume and paj'' 
the expenses of the inspections required by the Rules and Regulations. 

Resolved, That all petitions, resolutions and memorials by Posts, in regard to pen- 
sion legislation, be required to be forwarded to National Headquarters, through the 
Department Headquarters, and that Posts be forbidden to make separate and indepen- 
dent applications to Congress, for legislation upon the subject of pensions. 

Resolred, That in accordance with the recommendation of the Commander-in- 
Chief, the thanks of the Encampment are due and are hereby extended to Comrade 
Cariiahan, for his faithful services in preparing the digest of the laws governing the 
Grand Army. 

The report of the committee was adopted unanimously. 
On Eeport of Adjutant-General John M. Vanderslice : 

We most heartily concur in his recommendation, that in future the organization 
of Provisional Departments be abandoned, and that Posts established in any State or 
Territory, not having a departmental organization, report directly to National Head- 
quarters. 

We also feel the force of his remarks concerning the embarrassment provoked by 
the careless and causeless delay and neglect, by the Post and Department Otiicers, in 
forwarding their returns and reports within tlie specified period. Some legislation 
should be enacted, if any such be possible, that will secure greater uniformity and 
promptness in this regard. 

The danger of loss and destruction of the records by the yearly migration of Na- 
tional Headquarters, is a matter deserving serious consideration, but the practicabilit}^ 
of establishing any place as permanent Headquarters, is a question upon which the 
committee does not feel free to make any recommendation. 

The Coniniittee cannot close their report without commenting upon the manner in 
which the duties of Adjutant-General have been performed by the present incumbent. 
Tlie faitlifulness and efficiency with which Comrade J. M. Vandekslice lias per- 
formed the duties of his office are worthy of the highest and most public recogni- 
tion. The table contained in his report, showing the strength of each Department 
for the past twelve years, has involved an amount f)f laborious research and compilaliou 
of the old records and reports, such as one who is not familiar witli the un-uniformity 
and inconsistencies of such reports will be entirely unal)le to ai)preciate. 

There are other features of the report which an; indicative of the tireless industry 
and zeal in the performance of his official labors, which has invariably characterized 
(he conduct of Comrade Vanderslice throughout the many years of his active service 
in the Grand Army of the Republic, and your committee earnestly recommend that 
a suitable testimonial be prepared, and presented to him, as a token of the apprecia- 
tion in which his services are held by this Encampment. 

On Report of (Quartermaster-General John Taylor : 

We have examined the books of account of the Quart erma.stcr-General, and find 
them correct. 

We most cordially endorse the various recommendations of the Quartermaster- 



Administration of Eobert B. Beatii. 283 

General, and trust that this Encampment will instruct the Council of Administration 
to carry the same into effect. 

We take great pleasure in congratulating the Order, upon the faithful and eflacient 
services rendered by Comrade John Taylor, Quartermaster-General, and recom- 
mend the adoption of his report. 



On Eeport of Inspector-General C. A. Santmyer : 

Your Committee on the Report of the Inspector- General having made a careful 
examination of the printed report, and also of the tabular statement and annexed pa- 
pers, most heartily commend the same as furnishing in compact spa e and convenient 
form for reference, a large amount of valuable information, conclusively testifying to 
the fidelity and ability of the Inspector-General and his several assistants. 

We concur in the opinion that some change ought to be made in the form of blanks 
to be used for the inspection of Posts, but the Rules and Regulations give the Inspector- 
General and Commander-in-Chief full authority in the premises. 

We also concur in the views of the Inspector-General as to the importance of fre- 
quent and thorough inspections, especially in those Departments that have made large 
gains in membership in recent years. 

We recommend that the question of semi-annual inspections be left to the discre- 
tion of the several Department Commanders. 



RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

The Committee reported on all the propositions submitted. 
The principal change recommended was the provision for the 
election of Trustees in Posts. Sec. 9, Art. 8, Chapter 2. 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS. 

Whereas, It has pleased the Grand Commander of the Army above to remove from 
our midst, since the last National Encampment, Comrade George Bowers, of 
Nashua, New Hampshire, Past Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, a veteran of the 
Mexican War, and the war for the suppression of the Rebellion, who had done valiant 
work for the Grand Army of the Republic; 

Resolved. That the National Encampment tenders to the family of the deceased 
comrade, their heartfelt sympathy for the great loss they have sustained. 



Upon the proposition that the Encampment endorse the Grand 
Army of the Republic Veterans' Rights Union, in its purposes of 
enforcing the United States Statute Laws, in the preferment, for 
Government service, of the honorably discharged soldier, sailor, 
or marine, and acknowledges the importance of the Union, 



284: Grand Army of the Republic. 

throughout the United States, as established in Pennsylvania and 
New York, they report : 

That the dedarcd objects of the organization referred to may be safely approved, 
as they are, among others, the object of attention of the Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic, but the committee doubt the expediency of any formal recognition of other socie- 
ties or orde-s, and therefore recommend that the resolution lie on the table. 

The Committee recommend the adoption of the resolution of 
Comrade D. S. Alexander, viz. : 

That it is the sense of this Encampment that Section 1754, Revised Statutes, which 
provides that " persons honorably discharged from the military or naval service, by 
reason of disability resulting from wounds or sickness, incurred in the line of duty, 
shall be preferred for appointments to civil offices, provided they are found to possess 
the business capacity necessary for the proper discharge of the duties of such offices," 
not only applies to original appointments, but to promotions from one grade of clerk- 
ships to another, as set forth in the letter of the Secretary of the Treasury, of date, 
February 13, 1884. addressed to the Collector of Customs at New York. 

Resolved, That in the action taken by the Honorable Charles .J. Folger, Secretary 
of the Treasury, we recognize an lionest effort by a faithful officer, to give effect to 
a statute which, since its enactment, has been large in promise and little in perform- 
ance. 

That the giving of balls, the holding of camp-fires, picnics, excursions, or other 
form of public amusements on Memoriai, Day, by Posts of the Grand Army of the 
KL'public, is violative of both the spirit and the declared purposes of the day, and is 
hereby condemned. 

Tluit it is the sense of this Encampment that demonstrations of a public character 
on Sunday, by the Grand Army of the Republic (except only for purposes provided by 
the Ritual), are improper and are hereby discouraged. 

That the giving of the Regulation Badge to persons unauthorized to wear it, is 
impolitic, productive of evil to the Order, and is emphatically condemned. 

Resolution of Comrade Chill AY. Hazzard, Pa. : 

That the Council of Administration ask for designs for a small pin or button, that 
may be worn and acknowledged as a mark of membership, and when a design is of- 
fered that meets its approval, the same .shall be promulgated in Orders, and become 
a recognized l)adge under such regulations as may be deemed advisable by the Com- 
mander-in-Chief and Council of Administration. 

That the restrictions governing the sale of the regulation Grand Anny badge shall 
apply to the sale of the miniature badge suggested by the resolution of Comrade C. 
W. Hazzard, of Pennsylvania, and the same shall be copyrighted in the name of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. See Chapter on Badges. 

Coraratle Davis of New York : 

Whereon, By the rules and regulations of some cemeteries and religious bodies, 
the interment of comrades of the Grand Army with military honors and with tlie per- 
formance of tlie last rites of the Grand Army, is prohibited: and Whereas, We believe 



Administkation or Robert B. Beath. 285 

that through a proper explanation of the mission of the Grand Army of the Republic, 
all objection thereto may be removed ; therefore Resolved, That the Commanders of 
the several Departments be requested to communicate with the heads of the various re- 
ligious denominations in their jurisdictions, requesting the removal of such prohibi- 
tion, and requesting that we may be permitted to inter our comrades with all the 
honors of our Order. 

A resolution approving the objects of the Sons of Veterans, 
•was referred to a special committee to consider the whole subject 
and report at the next Encampment ; consisting of Louis AVagner, 
Pennsylvania ; Ira M. Hedges, New York ; John D. Billings, Mas- 
sachusetts ; H. P. Lloyd, Ohio ; L. L Dickason, Illinois ; Edwin 
Nicar, Indiana ; H. W. Pond, Kansas ; Rush J. Shank, Michigan ; 
W. F. Chamberlain, Missouri ; H. M. Nevius, New Jersey ; John 
C. Linehan, New Hampshire ; Frank M. Smith, Maryland ; Benj. 
Williams, Maine. 

The report of the Committee was adopted. 

RESOLUTIONS OF THANKS. 

Comrade William Warner offered the following : 

Resolved, By the Comrades of the 18th National Encampment of the Grand Army 
of the Republic in convention assembled, that we fully 9,ppreciate the munificent, and 
what is better, the hearty treatment we and the visiting comrades have received at the 
hands of the comrades and citizens of the state of Minnesota, and especially the gen- 
erous hospitality that has welcomed us at every turn, during our delightful stay in the 
city of Minneapolis, by its good citizens. 

Resolved, That a committee be appointed, of which the Commander-in-Chief shall 
be chairman, to prepare a set of resolutions that shall properly express our gratitude 
and appreciation; that said resolutions shall be prepared in triplicate and appropri- 
ately engrossed, and the Governor of Minnesota, the Mayor of the city of Minneapolis 
and the Department Commander of Minnesota, each be furnished with a copy of said 
resolutions, so engrossed. 

The resolution was unanimously adopted. 

Committee : — Comrades Wm. AVarner, H. A. Barnum, J. R. 
Carnahan, J. W. Burst, S. S. Burdett, T. J. Anderson and Com- 
mander-in-Chief R. B. Beath. 

The Committee afterwards performed this duty by presenting 
the testimonials ordered by the Encampment, at a large public 
meeting held in Minneapolis. 

The testimonials to the State and city were beautifully en- 
grossed and handsomely framed ; that to the State reading as 
follows : 



286 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty. 

The Grand Army of the Republic in the Eighteenth Annual Session of the Na- 
tional Encampment, assembled at Minneapolis, Minnesota, July 23, 24 and 25. 1884, 
desire to express in this rminner their giateful ajipreciation of the mimiticent hospital- 
ity of the people of Minnesota, extended on every hand to them and to their comrades 
and friends in attendance at this reunion. For the first time gathered in the great North- 
west, in a State that has developed such wonderful resources, adding so greatly to the 
wealth and prosperity of the nation, we were made more than welcome, and citizens 
have vied with the public authorities in making our stay pleasant and memorable. 
Therefore it is unanimously 

Resolved, That a committee be appointed to convey to the people of Minnesota, 
through the honored Executive of the State, His Excellency, Grovernor L. F. Hub- 
bard, the earnest thanks of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

The testimonial to the city read as follows : 

Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty. 

At the Eighteenth Annual Session of the National Encampment of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, held in the city of Minneapolis, July 23, 24 and 25, 1884, it 
was unanimously 

Resolved, That in cordial appreciation of the many evidences of generous welcome 
shown in the decoration of public and private buildings, the reception and attention 
given by the ofilcials of the city, and the open-hearted hospitality extended by the cit- 
izens to the ex-soldiers and sailors of the Union, in attendance at the Encampment, 
the hearty thanks of the Grand Army of the Republic should be conveyed to the peo- 
ple of Minneapolis, through its esteemed representative, Tlis Honor the Mayor, George 
A. PiLLSBURY, whose personal attention and kindness will also be long remembered 
by the participants of this our largest Encampment and Reunion. 

Signed by the Committee on Testimonials. 
JOHN S. KOUNTZ, 
W. W. ALCORN, Commander-in-Chief. 

Adjutant-General. 

For the Department of Minnesota it was deemed more appro- 
priate to change the form of Testimonial to some object more di- 
rectly identified with our organization. The Committee selected a 
large sized Grand Army badge, cast from a model originally made 
for the Soldiers and Sailors Monument at Germantown, Pennsyl- 
vania. The badge proper is entirely from captured cannon-metal 
furnished by National Headquarters for this purpose. It was 
handsomely framed with a back-ground of red velvet ; the in- 
scription, engraved on a cannon-metal plate, reading : 

Presented to the Department of Minnesota, Grand Army of the Republic, Comrade 
E. V. Babh, Conunaiider, by the National Kncanipnicnt, for fraternal courtesies re- 
ceived at the Eighteenth Annual Session, held at Minneapolis, July 23-25, 1884. 



Administration of Egbert B. Beath. 287 

relief of comrade johnson. 

Comrade Tanner called attention to tlie fact that Comrade 
Jolinson, who had come from Dakota to take part in this reunion, 
had met with a severe accident requiring the amputation of one of 
his legs ; that the comrade had a wife and three little children ; was 
in poor circumstances, and this was an excellent opportunity for 
the exercise of practical charity. He moved that $500 be appro- 
priated for the benefit of the comrade. This resolution was 
adopted, and Comrade H. P. Lloyd, of Ohio, in seconding the mo- 
tion, said the delegation from Ohio would add $100. Immediately 
a number of comrades endeavored to obtain recognition of the 
chair to announce subscriptions on behalf of their Departments, 
the whole summing up as follows : 

National Encampment, $500; Ohio, $250; New York, $293.50 
Comrade William Warner, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, $25 
Pennsylvania, $250 ; individual subscriptions of delegates, $50 
Comrade W. D. Saphar, Philadelphia, $10 ; Illinois, $250 ; Iowa, 
$100 ; Kansas, $100 ; New Jersey, $55 ; Khode Island, $50 ; Com- 
rade T. W. Manchester, Providence, $25 ; Missouri, $100 ; Mas- 
sachusetts, $100 ; Nebraska, $50 ; Potomac, $50 ; Vermont, $50 ; 
Oregon, $50 ; Wisconsin, $50 ; New Mexico, Comrade Fitzgerrell, 
$10 ; Maryland, $25 ; Minnesota, $50 ; Indiana, $100 ; Virginia, 
$25 ; West Virginia, $25 ; Tennessee, $25 ; New Hampshire, $50 ; 
Kentucky, $25 ; Connecticut, $50 ; Arkansas, $25 ; Colorado, $25 ; 
Maine, $25 ; Michigan, $100 ; cash contributions, $21.50 ; Dakota, 
$200 ; total, $3,190. 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following officers were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, John S. Kountz, Toledo, Ohio. 

Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, John P. Rea, Minneapolis, 
Minnesota. 

Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Ira E. Hicks, Bridgeport, 
Connecticut. 

Surgeon-General, W. D. Hall, Altoona, Pennsylvania. 

Chaplain-in-Chief, T. M. Shanafelt, Three Rivers, Michigan. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Arkansas, Thomas H. Barnes ; California, Walter H. Holmes ; 
Colorado, C. D. Hoskins ; Connecticut, Fred. A. Spencer ; Dela- 



288 Grand Army of the Republic. 

ware, AV. H, Purnoll ; Dakota, John B. Dennis ; Florida, B. F. 
Stearns ; Gulf, A. S. Badger ; Illinois, AV. W. Berry ; Indiana, D. 
P. Hammond ; Iowa, Jolm K. Deal ; Kansas, H. L. Millard ; Ken- 
tucky, Samuel T. Jack ; Maine, Frank W. Haskell ; Maryland, ^\. 
O. Saville ; Massachusetts, Henry B. Peirce ; Micliigan, Samuel 
Wells ; Minnesota, W. P. Roberts ; Missouri, J. S. Sterrett ; Ne- 
braska, J. O. West ; New Hampshire, Daniel B. Newhall ; New 
Jersey, Joseph R. Yan Syckle ; New Mexico, J. J. Fitzgerrell ; New 
York, Herman F. Fox ; Ohio, J. J. Sullivan ; Oregon, B. B. Tuttle ; 
Pennsylvania, Samuel HarjDer ; Potomac, John Cameron ; Rhode 
Island, William J. Bradford ; Tennessee and Georgia, Edward S. 
Jones ; Utah, F. AV. Bishop ; Yermont, L. F. Terrill ; Yirginia, H. 
B. Clay ; Washington Territory, A. McMickin ; AA'est Yirginia, H. 
Y. Daniels ; Wisconsin, Philip Cheek, Jr. 

The installation of officers was performed in the presence of 
the officers and members of the Woman's Relief Corps, and the 
officers of the Woman's Relief Corps were then installed by Mrs. 
E. Florence Barker, the retiring National President. 

Addresses were made by General Sherman, Mrs. Kate B. Sher- 
wood, National President, Chill AA^. Hazzard, Pennsylvania, J. W. 
Hector, Pennsylvania, William Warner, Missouri. 

Commander-in-Chief Kountz appointed as the Pension Com- 
mittee for the ensuing year : 

S. S. Burdett, Potomac ; Louis Wagner, Pennsylvania ; Geo. 
S. Merrill, Massachusetts ; C. H. Grosvenor, Ohio ; James Tanner, 
New York ; John C. Linehan, New Hampshire; O. R. McNarry, 
Kansas. 

RE-UNION PROCEEDINGS. 

A large Camp liad been located near the city, designated Camp 
Beath, where several thousand comrades enjoyed themselves 
camping out. An informal reception was held at the Camp under 
the management of Major B. R. Henderson, of the local com- 
mittee. 

Governor Lucius Hubbard, a Minnesota soldier, extended a 
cordial welcome on behalf of the people of Minnesota. His ad- 
dress was responded to by Commander-in-Chief Beath. Mayor 
Geo. A. Pillsbury extended a welcome on behalf of the citizens of 



Administration of Eobert B. Beath. 289 

Minneapolis, which was appropriately responded to by Senior 
Vice-Commander-in-Chief Warner. 

Addresses were also made by Department-Commander E. C. 
Babb, Past Department- Commander H. G. Hicks, General Chas. H. 
Grosvenor, Ohio, General William H. Gibson, Ohio, Paul Van 
Der Voort, Past Commander-in-Chief. 

In the evening a grand Camp-fire was held at the main stand of 
the Fair Grounds, where speeches were made by General S. S. 
Burdett, Potomac, Governor J. M. Rusk, Wisconsin, General W 
H. Gibson, Ohio, General John A. Logan, General Lucius Fair- 
child. 

On Wednesday there was a large parade, participated in by 
the regular troops stationed at Fort Snelling, Minnesota, State 
Troops, and Posts and delegations of the Grand Army of the Re- 
jjublic, Captain D. M. Gilmore, Grand Marshal. 

The Flambeau Club of Topeka, Kansas, gave one of their mag- 
nificent pyrotechnical displays and drills in the evening, in the 
presence of not less than fifty thousand people. 



19 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF JOHN S. KOUNTZ— 
NINETEENTH ANNUAL SESSION, PORTLAND, MAINE, JUNE 24, 

1885. 

Commander-in-Chief Kountz establislied Headquarters in 
Toledo, Ohio, and appointed the following staflf : 

Adjutant-General, W. W. Alcorn, Ohio. 
Quartermaster-General, John Taylor, Pennsylvania. 
Inspector-General, Oscar A. Janes, Michigan. 
Judge-Advocate-General, D. K. Austin, Ohio. 
Assistant Adjutant-General, P. H. Dowling, Ohio. 

Commander-in-Chief Kountz was the youngest comrade elected 
to this position. He was born in Ohio, March 25, 1846, and was 
but fifteen and a half years of age when he enlisted as a drummer 
in Company G, 37th Ohio Vols. 

In the battle of Mission Ridge, November 25, 1863, he threw 
away his drum, seized a musket, and joined his company as it was 
advancing to the assault, and was so severely wounded as to 
require the amputation of his leg. He was mustered out by 
reason of this disability, April 25, 1864. 

When but 25 years of age he was elected County Treasurer of 
Lucas county, Ohio, and was afterwards County Recorder. 

He has built up a large Fire Insurance business in Toledo. 
Was a charter-member of Forsyth Post No. 15, Toledo, on its 
organization in 1866 ; served three terms as Adjutant and three 
terms as Commander of the Post ; also served in several positions 
in the Department, and, as Department Commander in 1881, 
achieved great success in recruiting that Department. 

Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief John P. Rea. See Com- 
mander-in-Chief, Chapter XXVI. 

Captain Ira E. Hicks, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, en- 
listed September 9, 1861, in the 7th Connecticut Volunteer Infan- 
[290J 



Administration of John S. Kountz. 291 

try, and served with that regiment principally in the Tenth Army 
Corps, as Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant and Captain, 

Became a charter-member of Post No. 11, New Britain, Con- 
necticut, and served five years as Post-Commander. Has also 
served in the Department as Inspector, Junior and Senior Vice- 
Commander and Department Commander. 

Kev. T. M. Shanafelt, D. D,, Chaplain-in-Chief, was born in 
Clarion, Pennsylvania, April 30, 1840. Was graduated from Buck- 
nell College, 1861, and enlisted that year in the 28th Pennsylvania 
Infantry, serving until 1865. Was ordained in the Baptist minis- 
try in 1865. In 1879, he joined Post 38, East Saginaw, Michigan, 
and served as Chaplain, Afterwards transferred to Post 72, in 
which he also served as Chaplain. 

Dr. W, D, Hall, Surgeon-General, entered the three months 
service, April 18, 1861, as a Private in Company K, 17th Pennsyl- 
vania Vols, At the expiration of this term, enlisted as a Private 
in Company C, Ist New York (Lincoln) Cavalry, Promoted Cor- 
poral, Sergeant, First Sergeant and Second Lieutenant. Brevetted 
First Lieutenant for gallant services at Dinwiddle Court House, 
March 31, 1865, and as Captain, April 6, 1865, by General G. A. 
Custer. 

Joined Post 114, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in 1869. Kemoved to 
Altoona, Pennsylvania, and joined Post 62, in which he served in 
various offices, being Post Commander, 1884 ; Medical Director, 
Department of Pennsylvania, 1882. 

W. W. Alcorn, Adjutant-General, enlisted September, 1861, in 
Company A, 14th Ohio Vol, Inf,, and was mustered-out Septem- 
ber, 1864. Was Commander for one term of Forsyth Post No. 15, 
Toledo, and has taken an active interest in Post work and in mili- 
tary affairs in that city. 

Quartermaster-General John Taylor, re-appointed. (Portrait 
and sketch. Chapter XXI.) 

Inspector-General Oscar A. Janes was born in Wisconsin, July 
6, 1843, and left college to enlist in the 4th Michigan Vols. Served 
with his regiment in the Army of the Potomac, and was badly 
wounded at the " Weldon Railroad," resulting in the amputation 



292 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

of an arm. After his discharge from the service he returned to 
college and was graduated in 1868. 

He has taken an active part in public affairs, and has held 
a number of civil positions. Served as Judge of Probate for 
Hillsdale county, from 1876 to 1885. Charter-member of Post 6, 
Hillsdale, Michigan, February 26, 1879 ; served as its Commander. 
Was Junior Vice-Commander of the Department in 1882, and 
Department Commander, 1883. 

Judge-Advocate-General D. R. Austin, enlisted in June, 1862, 
in the 100th Ohio Vols., and was promoted First Lieutenant. 
Was mustered-out by reason of disability. May 28, 1863. 

He joined Forsyth Post No. 15, Toledo, Ohio, in 1878, and 
was Judge-Advocate of the Department of Ohio in 1884, and mem- 
ber of National Council of Administration, 1887. 

NINETEENTH ANNUAL SESSION, PORTLAND, MAINE, JUNE 24, 1885. 

The National Encampment assembled in Portland, on the above 
date, Commander-in-Chief John S. Kountz presiding. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief John S. Kountz. 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief John P. Rea. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Ira E. Hicks. 
Chaplain-in-Chief T. M. Shauafelt. 
Adjutant-General W. W. Alcorn. 
Quartermaster-General John Taylor. 
Inspector-General, O. A. Janes. 
Judge-Advocate-General D. R. Austin. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

California, W. H. Holmes ; Connecticut, Fred. A. Spencer ; 
Colorado, Geo. W. Cook ; Dakota, John B. Dennis ; Delaware, AV. 
H. Purnell ; Florida, AVm. Emerson ; Illinois, J. C. Black ; Indi- 
ana, Edwin Nicar ; Iowa, John K. Deal ; Kansas, H. L. Millard ; 
Kentucky, Samuel T. Jack ; Maine, F. W. Haskell ; Maryland, W. 
O. Saville ; Massachusetts, Henry B. Peirce ; Michigan, Samuel 
Wells ; Minnesota, W. P. Roberts ; Nebraska, J. O. West ; New 
Hampshire, D. B. Newhall ; New Jersey, J. R. Van Syckle ; New 




Gkoup of National Officers, Ibbi. 



Administration of John S. Kountz. 293 

Mexico, J. J, Fitzgerrell ; New York, Herman F. Fox ; Ohio, J. J. 
Sullivan ; Oregon, B. B. Tuttle ; Pennsylvania, Samuel Harper ; 
Potomac, ejohn Cameron ; Rhode Island, W. J. Bradford ; Tennes- 
see, E. S. Jones ; Utah, F. M. Bishop ; Vermont, L. F. Terrell ; 
Virginia, H. DeB. Clay ; Wisconsin, Philip Cheek, Jr. 

departments represented. 

Arkansas, 1 ; California, 5 ; Connecticut, 16 ; Colorado, 8 ; 
Dakota, 7 ; Delaware, 7 ; Florida, 1 ; Gulf, 2 ; Illinois, 29 ; Indi- 
ana, 22 ; Iowa, 24 ; Kansas, 23 ; Kentucky, 5 ; Maine, 22 ; Mary- 
land, 6 ; Massachusetts, 29 ; Michigan, 21 ; Minnesota, 13 ; Mis- 
souri, 13 ; Montana, 1 ; Nebraska, 12 ; New Hampshire, 17 ; New 
Jersey, 14 ; New Mexico, 2 ; New York, 42 ; Ohio, 35 ; Oregon, 1 ; 
Pennsylvania, 46; Potomac, 16; Rhode Island, 11; Tennessee 
and Georgia, 6 ; Texas, 2 ; Utah, 2 ; Vermont, 12 ; Virginia, 4 ; 
Washington Territory, 2 ; West Virginia, 2 ; AVisconsin, 16, 
38 Departments and 497 Department Officers and Representa- 
tives. 

ADDRESS OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. 

Commander-in-Chief John S. Kountz then read his address, 
in substance, as follows : 

He had visited 34 Departments, travelling more than 30,000 
miles. Referring to the large gains in membership during the 
term, more fully stated in the report of the Adjutant-General, he 
called attention to the large number of members suspended as due 
in great measure to the negligence of Post officers. 

BADGES. 

The sale of badges provides a large revenue, which saves necessity to increase the 
per capita tax, and thus every comrade is pecuniarily interested in procuring badges 
through National Headquarters. Every comrade should feel a just pride in wearing 
a badge manufactured from captured cannon, and in no other way can they obtain a 
genuine captured-cannon badge. 

Commander-in-Chief Beath reported to the last Encampment as having contracted 
with the Ordnance Department for twelve bronze pieces of rebel cannon which have 
been delivered to us, weighing in all 10,253 pounds, for which we have paid 
$1,948 07. The pieces are all of Confederate manufacture and gave evidence of hard 
usage. 

For the Hon. Robert T. Lincoln, Secretary of War, General Stephen V. Benet, 



201 Grand Army of the Kepubuc. 

Chief of Ordnance, and Past Department-Commander D. S. Alexander, of the De- 
partment of the Potomac, wliu kindly interested themselves in seeming these cannon, 
we have liad prepared and presented to eacli a profile cast of Ex-Presidents Lincoln 
and Gartield, made of cannon metal and handsomely framed. Tliese were prepared 
and presented witliout charge, on behalf of the National Encampment, by Comrade 
J. K. Davison, of Philadelphia. 

He liacl felt it necessary to caution comrades against wearing 
tlie Grand Army of the Republic badge or uniform at political 
meetings, as being against the spirit of the Rules and Regulations. 

He heartily endorsed the aims and purposes of the " Vet- 
erans Rights Union " in securing to veterans the rights guaran- 
teed them under the laws of the United States. 

He had appointed a committee, consisting of Comrades W. S. 
Rosecrans, California ; M. T. McMahon, New York, and J. C. 
Linehan, New Hampshire, to lay the nature and work of the Grand 
Army of the Republic before the proper Catholic Ecclesiastical 
Authorities of the United States, and the chairman, Comrade 
Rosecrans, had reported to him : 

That, in fulfillment of that duty, I corresponded with the other members of the 
committee, and thereupon addressed letters to the Primate, the Most Rev. Archbishop 
Gibbons, of Baltimore, and Archbishop Ryan, of Philadelphia, stating to them that 
while we do not expect to ask any endorsement or ecclesiastical approval of our So- 
ciety, we were anxious to have its nature so understood that it might be known to all 
confessors that Catholics might, lawfully and with good conscience, be members 
thereof. 

In response to tlieir kindly suggestions, I furnished ample explanations, written 
and printed, showing that our association was for the noble objects of cultivating 
among its members the spirit of Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty, and in its nature 
temporary. I also conversed with other archbishops, bishops and theologians, and 
have the pleasure to inform you that it was the opinion of every one with whom I 
conferred that the Society of the Grand Army of the Republic, as now organized and 
conducted, is not, in the ecclesiastical meaning of the phrase, " a secret society," and 
that Catholics may, with all good conscience, belong to it. 

I congratulate our Order that, in the opinion of such dispassionate judges, we have 
builded, as we intended, an as.sociation so broad, liberal and jusi that it may be 
worthy the great Republic for which we have periled our lives, and for which so 
many have shed their blood. I congratulate you, also, for happily having undertaken 
the good work of eliciting these expressions of opinion, so important to the honor 
and future welfare of our Order. 

The Church of the United Brethren, in Conference, decided 
that there is no objection to their members uniting with our or- 
ganization, and we are advised that the United Presbyterians 
have left the matter to the conscience of their individual members. 



AdministeatIon of John S. Kountz. 295 



WOMAN S RELIEF CORPS. 

The Woman's Relief Corps is faithfully fulfilling its mission, and while we wel- 
come all who would aid us in our great work, under whatsoever name, I cordially 
commend this representative organization of loyal ladies to the continued condflence 
and respect of the Grand Army of the Republic. 



MEMORIAL DAY. 

A disposition had been shown in some cases tending to mar 
the solemnities of Memorial Day by making it the occasion for 
frivolity and amusement. He admonished comrades to refrain 
from any such violation of the day set apart in memory of our 
fallen comrades. 

He duly acknowledged the efficient services of the officers of 
the Encampment, and of his staff, during the term just closed, and 
in conclusion said: 

It will always be a source of pleasure and pride to look back upon the year in 
which I had the honor of serving you as Commander-in-Chief. The associations and 
experiences will ever be among the brightest of life's memories. Comrades, maj^ the 
God of Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty preserve and prosper our organization until 
the last muster-out of the last member of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

Chaplain-in-Chief T. M. Shanafelt reported that he had deliv- 
ered addresses and discourses in the Departments of Michigan, 
Indiana, Nebraska, Kansas and Maine, and had maintained an ex- 
tensive correspondence on subjects relative to the Order. 

The rapid growth of public sentiment in favor of Memorial Day, and the general 
participation of all classes of citizens in the observance of the day we have set apart 
to the memory of our fallen comrades, is an indication that the popular heart is with 
us in this special feature of our organization. It has become so thoroughly one of 
the established institutions of the whole country that its perpetuity is assured. As 
we, who yet survive, are called away, we can go down to our graves confident that 
they will not be left unmarked or unnoticed, nor our deeds be forgotten. 



REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General W. W. Alcorn reported the formation of the 
Department of Montana, March 10, 1885, the Department of 
Texas, March 25, with 6 Posts transferred from the Department 
of the Gulf. 



296 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 



RECAPITULATION. 

Members in good standing. March 31, 1884, . . . 233,824 

Gained by muster, . . . . .77,040 

" by transfer, . . , . . 5,438 

" by reinstatement, .... 20,d49 

103,427 



Aggregate 337,251 

Loss by deatb, ....... 2,544 

" by honorable discharge, .... 2,518 

" by dishonorable discharge, . . . 324 

" by transfer, ...... 7,889 

■' by suspension, ...... 54,292 

67,567 



Members in good standing, March 31, 1885, . . . 269,684 

Number of Posts reported March 31, 1884, . . . 4,256 

Number of Posts reported March 31, 1885, . . . 5,026 

Net gain in membership during the year, .... 41,394 

Net gain in Posts during the year, .... 992 

Amount expended for relief during the year, $170,092.77. Number of members 
relieved, 11,000; number of others relieved, 4,406— total, 15,406. 

Quartermaster-General John Taylor, Judge-Advocate-General 
D. R. Austin, and Inspector-General O. A. Janes, presented the 
reports of their several departments. 

GENERAL U. S. GRANT. 

Comrade R. B. Brown, Ohio, offered the following, which was 
adopted by a unanimous and rising vote : 

Resolved, by the Nineteenth National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public, a.s.semblcd in the city of Portland, Maine, representing 300,000 .soldiers and 
sailors in the United States, tbat in this, the first hour of our assembly, we tender to 
the distinguished comrade, soldier and statesman. General Uiassf.s S. Grant, our 
profound sympathy in his continued illne.ss, and extend a soldier's greeting to our be- 
loved Commander and Comrade, who has for months endured unspeakable agony 
with that characteristic fortitude that has challenged the admiration of the world. 

This resolution was immediately telograplied to General Grant, 
and tlie following resjDonse was received : 

Mt. McGregor, N. Y., June 24, 1885. 
.John S. Kountz. 

Commander-in - Chief. 
General Grant directs me, in reply to your dispatch, to tender through you, to 
each one of th(! three hundred thousand veterans, his comrades, now reiiresented at 



Administration of John S. Kountz. 297 

Portland, his thanks for their interest in his health and welfare. General Grant 
wishes to take this occasion to also thank them for their splendid services which have 
residted in giving freedom to a race, peace to a continent, and a haven to the op- 
pressed of the world. 

F. D. GRANT. 

Comrade Geo. H. Patch presented on belialf of tlie artist, H. 
W. Bertliroug, of Post No. 33, Department of Massachusetts, a 
life-size portrait of General Grant. It was decided to have the 
portrait suitably framed, and presented to Mrs. Grant on behalf 
of the Encampment. 

Department Commander J. B. Hall, of Maine, stated that a 
member of the National Encampment, Past Department Com- 
mander Winsor B. Smith, had died that morning in Portland. He 
offered suitable resolutions to mark the sad event, which were 
unanimously adopted. 

Comrade H. P. Lloyd, Ohio, reported that Past Commander- 
in-Chief William Earnshaw was dangerously ill, and moved that 
an expression of affection and sympathy of the comrades be sent 
him with their prayers for his restoration to health. 

Department Commander Hall, Maine, presented to the National 
Encampment, on behalf of Dr. W. H. Eldridge, of Post 47, De- 
partment of Maine, a gavel and box, both containing wood from 
every State and Territory in the Union. 

committees appointed. 

On Address of the Commander-in-Chief: — D. S. Alexander, 
Potomac ; John C. Linehan, New Hampshire ; Ira M. Hedges, 
New York ; David N. Foster, Indiana ; R. H. Warfield, California. 

On Report of the Adjutant-General : — Thomas J. Stewart, 
Pennsylvania ; John Cameron, Potomac ; O. P. Lochhead, Michi- 
gan ; C. B. Stilson, Iowa ; Thomas L. Mathews, Maryland. 

On Report of the Judge-Advocate-General : — H. P. Lloyd, 
Ohio ; Henry M. Nevius, New Jersey ; A. B. Beers, Connecticut ; 
Samuel Harper, Pennsylvania ; Isaac E. "West, Dakota. 

On Rules and Regulations :— R. B. Beath, Pennsylvania ; R. 
B. Brown, Ohio ; Henry A. Barnum, New York ; J. L. Bennett, 
Illinois ; H. E. Taintor, Connecticut. 



298 Grand Army of the Bepublic. 

On Report of the Inspector-General : — Geo. S. Evans, Massa- 
chusetts ; A. 13. Valentine, Vermont ; Theodore T\'iseman, Kansas ; 
O. A. Reynolds, Kentucky ; A. H. Prince, Maine. 

On Report of the Quartermaster-General : — W. S. McNair, 
Delaware ; 8. B. Jones, Nebraska ; R. A. Becker, Minnesota ; 
Philip Cheek, Jr., Wisconsin ; Eugene A. Corey, Rhode Island. 

On Resolutions : — Henry B. Peirce, Chairman, Massachusetts ; 
Thomas Boles, Arkansas ; James A. AVaymier, California ; A. V. 
Bohn, Colorado ; Frank D. Sloat, Connecticut ; J. C. Gipson, Da- 
kota; Daniel Ross, Delaware; William Emerson, Florida; Henry 
Schorten, Gulf ; John A. Logan, Illinois ; Robert Stratton, Indi- 
ana ; W. R. Manning, Iowa ; George T. Anthony, Kansas ; James 
C. Michie, Kentucky ; A. C. Hamlin, Maine ; John W. Horn, 
Maryland; B. F. Graves, Michigan; E. M. Pope, Minnesota; 
Christian Stawitz, Missouri ; Ela C. Waters, Montana ; J. H. Cul- 
ver, Nebraska ; Marcus M. Collis, New Hampshire ; George B. 
Fielder, New Jersey; J. W. Crawford, New Mexico ; John Palmer, 
New York ; C. H. Grosvenor, Ohio ; George C. Sears, Oregon ; 
Chill W. Hazzard, Pennsylvania ; C. C. Royce, Potomac ; Charles 
R. Brayton, Rhode Island ; John R. Lewis, Tennessee and Georgia ; 
F. W. IBradley, Texas ; H. C. Wardleigh, Utah ; J. H. Goulding, 
Vermont ; Edgar Allan, Virginia ; O. B. Johnson, AVashiugton 
Territory ; John I. Ruhl, West Virginia ; Geo. A. Hannaford, 
Wisconsin. 

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 

On the Address of Commander-in-Chief John S. Kountz, the 
Committee reported : 

The work of the year evidences the fidelity and ability of the Commander-in-Chitf . 
Despite the Presidential contest, the depression of business, and the rapid growth of 
the Grand Army in former years, rivaling all other organizations, whether civic or 
military, yet under liis splendid leadership our numbers have been increased and the 
high character of the Order fully sustained. The earnest desire which has inspired 
him to do his whole duty is illustrated by the extent of his visits, ranging from Maine 
to the Golden Gate, and including all Departments, except three. These visitations 
have been characterized liy wisdom, modesty, zeal and economy, and the result that 
followed fully justify his action. Wherever he has gone greater interest in the Order 
ha-s not only been manifested, but the respect shown Inm indicates the high esteem in 
which lie is lield as Commander-in-Chief, and the personal regard which is enter- 
tained for him as a comrade and a gentleman. For his efficient and kindly manage- 
ment of all the affair's of the Grand Army, he is worthy the hearty and sincere thanks 



Administration of John S. Kountz. 299 

of this Encampment, and it is recommended that the Council of Administration be 
instructed to procure and present to him a suitable testimonial as a token of our rec- 
ognition of his essential services in behalf of the Grand Army. 

Your Committee commend the address of the Commander-in-Chief to your careful 
perusal as a thoughtful and suggestive paper. His recognition of Comrade Stephen- 
son as the originator of the Grand Army is timely and eminently proper, while the 
mention of the Hero of Appomattox, "whose heart grandly responded when duty 
called, and melted in compassion when mercy pleaded," is as beautifully expressed as 
the sentiment is true and patriotic. 

We commend also his words respecting Memorial Day, and the introduction of 
politics into our Order. It should be the endeavor of every comrade to cultivate the 
one and avoid the other. Memorial Day is the choicest in the calendar of the Grand 
Army — a day of sweet remembrances, dear to every loyal heart, and any violation of 
its sacredness by making it the occasion for frivolity and amusement, such as charac- 
terize the Fourth of July, should be treated as an indignity to the comrades who died 
that this country might live. In a similar spirit should be treated any attempt to 
inject politics into our Order. It is the high privilege of soldiers, in upholding the 
great principles for which they struggled and sacrificed so much, always to act as 
their judgment may dictate ; but as comrades of the Grand Army, should scorn to de- 
grade our Order, or lower its standard by using it for purposes other than those which 
come legitimately within the spirit and letter of its governing regulations. 

The careful and economical administration of Commander-in-Chief Kountz lias 
materially increased the funds of the National Encampment. This is a cause of great 
congratulation, for it behooves the Grand Army of the Republic, now in its prime, 
carefully to husband its resources, that in its declining years it may not suffer the in- 
conveniences of poverty, or become in any sense an object of public charity. Your 
committee recommend that $10,000 of the amount now in the hands of the Quarter- 
master-General be invested in State or municipal securities, or in first mortgage bonds 
upon real estate worth not less than three times the amount thus loaned, the invest- 
ment to be made under the direction of the incoming Commander-in-Chief, and the 
new Council of Administration. 

Attention is called to the increased number of members suspended during the year. 
These suspensions cheapen the Order, setting adrift in the community a class of 
men who know its countersign, possess its badge, and represent its membership, with- 
out having sufficient interest in its welfare to perfoi'm its duties. The reasons as- 
signed by the Commander-in-Chief for this delinquency are generous and honorable 
to the kindliness of his heart, and we respectfully submit that whenever inability to 
pay dues is known as the real cause of such failure, it should be regarded as a privi- 
lege as well as a duty to remit them. But it is undoubtedly true, as the Commander- 
in-Chief asserts, that the very large number suspended — more than 54,000, or nearly 
20 per cent, of the entire membership— is due to negligence and inefficiency of Post 
officers. For this there is but one remedy — the election of Post Commanders pledged 
especially to discharge the duties imposed upon them relating to membership, who 
shall also be clothed with the power of appointing Post Quartermasters. The Com- 
mander-in-Chief, as well as each Department Commander, is charged with the ap- 
pointment of their Quartermasters, and it is believed that the same privilege should 
be accorded to Post Commanders. It is recommended, therefore, that Article VI, 
Section 1, be so amended. 

Attention is especially called to the matter of badges. Unless made of captured 
rebel cannon, a badge is a lie, and the Post officer or other comrade who procures 
them from any source other than through National Headquarters, merits court-mar- 



300 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

tial ;md prompt dismissal. Of the twelve bronze rebel cannon now being used for 
badges, tlie history of their manufacture, service and capture is well known, and as a 
simple and beautiful relic of the war, therefore, the badges made from them should 
be eagerly sought, and are worth many times the price paid. In this connection, it is 
recommended tliat during the coming year the Commander-in-Chief be requested to 
give this matter his individual attention to the end that the manufacture of spurious 
badges be stopped, and that the parties now engaged in obtaining money under false 
pretenses by their sale be properly dealt with under the law. It is recommended, 
also, that in making their inspections. Inspecting Officers be charged with the duty of 
closely examining every badge for the determining of the genuineness. 

In the appointment of special committees to confer with the authorities of the 
Catholic Church and other denominations who were opposed to our Order under the 
impression that it was a secret organization, the Commander-in-Chief has exercised 
good judgment, and the success of the committee in removing a serious obstacle to 
the admission to our ranks of thousands of surviving soldiers, ought to be an occasion 
of joy to every comrade. There is not in the wide world, outside of the Christian 
church, an association founded on such broad and lib ral principles as that of the 
Grand iVrmy of the Republic. Under the folds of its banners are gathered men of all 
creeds and nationalities. Lessons of mutual forbearance and toleration have been 
learned through bitter experience, and the ties which bind those who for four years 
fought to maintain the integrity of tlie nation cannot easily be severed on this side of 
the grave. We therefore recommend earnestly the heartiest endorsement of the En- 
campment for the labor of the Commander-in-Chief in the settlement of this impor- 
tant question. 

The reference of the Commander-in-Chief to the Veterans' Rights Union, accom- 
panied by his hearty endorsement, must meet with an earnest response from every 
comrade loyal to tliis organization, and alive to the interests of tlie riglits of the vet- 
eran soldier, decreed to him by statute, but winch, for many years, have practically 
proven a dead letter. It is timely and pertinent, and it behooves this Encampment to 
give to this portion of liis report their emphatic endorsement, as the rei)resentatives of 
nearly 300,000 veterans organized to protect the interests of the old soldier. 

Your committee heartily concurs with all that has been said of the work and aims 
of the Woman's Relief Corps. It was a grand undertaking, and has been carried 
out in the grandest manner. Side by side with the Grand Army it has pressed for- 
ward, accomplishing in the name of Faith, and Love, and Charity, what the comrades 
could not have done without its assistance. It lias our earnest w ishes for its con- 
tinued success, our hearty support of the purposes of the organization, and our co- 
op'ration in all of its undertakings. We offer its members now, as ever, the strong 
right hand of our comradeship, which will never weaken in its grasp of love, respect 
and syrapatliy. 

In order to carry out these suggestions and recommendations, we recommend the 
adoittion of the following: 

Resolved, That the Council of Administration be instructed to cause a suitable tes- 
timonial to be procured and presented to the Commander-in-Chief. 

R'Holved, That the incoming Commander-in-Chief and Coimcil of Administration 
\)v authorized to invest $10,000 of the amount now in the hands of the (Quartermaster- 
General in Stat(; or rnunieipal securities, or in lirst mortgage bonds upon real estate 
worth not less than three times the amount liius loaned. 



Administkation of John S. Kountz. 301 

Besolved, That the Commander-in-Chief be requested to ascertain who are manu- 
facturers and sellers of spurious badges, and to take such steps to secure the suppres- 
sion of the same as he may deem proper. 

The report was adopted unanimously. 



committee on resolutions. 

The Committee on Eesolutions, on the question of pensions, 
presented a majority and minority report — the majority adverse 
to the bill known as the Eight Dollar measure, viz. : 

That all oiBcers, soldiers and sailors who served in the army, navy or marine 
corps of the United States for a period not less than 60 days, between March 4, 
1861, and July 1, 1865, and who were honorably discharged therefrom, shall receive 
a pension of $8 per month during the remainder of their lives. This act shall take 
effect from its passage. 

The minority favored this bill. An extended debate was had 
on the question. 

The majority report was adopted. 

The Committee recommend the following : 

Whereas, The National Encampment is cognizant of and heartily approves the 
fraternal spirit which has during the past year so nobly fulfilled its purpose in the 
organization of bureaus of employment for those whom the Revised Statutes of the 
United States (Sec. 1754) more particularly applies, as well as for the institution of 
" Emergency Funds," by which immediate relief is granted to those for whom they 
are organized to help; therefore be it 

Resolved, That the work done by the Memorial and Executive Committee of the 
Grand Army of the Republic for Brooklyn, New York, through its Bureau of Em- 
ployment and Emergency Fund, meets with our warmest thanks, and its aims and 
purposes are commended to the consideration of our Order everywhere. 

Resolved, That this National Encampment recommends that similar bodies be 
instituted in the larger cities, to the end that such care be taken of those for whom 
we entertain so much solicitude, as will prevent their ever becoming a charge upon 
the municipality while a Grand Army Post remains in official existence. 

A resolution appropriating the sum of $500 for the relief of 
Mother Bickerdycke, an army nurse, was adopted. 
The Committee closed with the following : 

Resolved, That for ourselves and comrades we thank our hosts for cordial in- 
vitation, warm welcome, generous reception, hearty greeting, and that every visitor 



302 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

will carry back to his hearthstone and cherish for years to come the memories of this 
visit to the Forest City, coupled with warm gratitude to our comrades of Maine, and 
to her free, loyal citizens generally, for all the courtesies and kindness extended to us 
in the homes of their hearts and hopes. 

The Committee on " Sous of Veterans " reported : 

That all resolutions of recognition of any branches of the Sons of Veterans hereto- 
fore passed by this National Encampment be, and they are hereby repealed: but that 
we recommend an early and complete consolidation of all these branches with one 
body, wishing them God-speed in their united and patriotic labors. 

On Report of Adjutant-General W. W. Alcorn : 

We concur in the recommendations regarding the necessity of making a record of 
all existing Department charters, both provisional and permanent, with date of the 
formation of the first Post therein, and the re-issue of those that have been lost or 
destroyed. 

The most important recommendations are those referring to delinquency in re- 
ports. The Kules and Regulations make it the duty of Post Commanders to forward 
reports to Depirlment Headquarters. These reports are in their detail the work of 
the Adjutant and Quartermaster respectively, and no good reason exists why the work 
shall not be sufficiently far advanced on the last meeting night of the quarter, so that 
it will only be necessary to add the changes made necessary at that meeting, when 
they can be completed, and handed to the Post Commander to endorse and for- 
ward. 

The trouble seems to be that the delinquency of Posts is unknown to the com- 
rades, unless the same be published in General Orders, and the committee recommend 
that a form of receipt be prepared for the purpose of acknowledging receipt of re- 
ports and per capita tax, and provide that the receipt must be read to the Post on the 
first meeting night after the Commander receives it. 

We are of the opinion that the recommendation to suspend Post Commanders is 
in conflict with the Rules and Regulations, and cannot be done without amending or 
changing our present law.s. A Post Commander that respects his obligation, or has 
any regard for tlie law governing us, will not be found delinquent. The penalty or 
rebuke under the present law will be even a greater punishment than that recom- 
mended, inasmuch as it suspends the entire Post, and is consequently a greater re- 
flection on the delinquent officers, and each comrade appreciating his membership 
will be directly interested in having reports forwarded, and the Post placed in good 
•standing. 

We concur in the recommendations suggesting change in form of consolidatid re- 
port regarding the reporting of Posts as delinquent in.stead of suspended. 

We take especial pleasure in commending the work of the Adjutant-General dur- 
ing the past year. His devotion to duty and able administration of the affairs of his 
office deserves more than passing recognition. While $500 had been appropriated 
for clerk hire, but SOQ have been expended, the Adjutant-General performing all the 
work of his office himself. We recomm"nd that in the future no sum be set aside for 
clerk hire, but that the salary of the Adjutant-General be $2,000 per annum, to in- 
clude clerk hire and that the unexpended balance of $1,500 salary and $500 clerk hire 
for the present term be paid to the Adjutant-General. 



Aj)ministkation of John S. Kountz. 303 

On Report of Quartermaster-General Taylor : 

Your Committee respectfully report that they find it a very full and complete 
statement of the financial affairs of the National Encampment. 

They also find two important new features, viz., the table of supply accounts of 
Departments with the National Headquarters, and the table of consolidated reports 
of the Assistant Quartermasters-General. The latter is necessarily incomplete, be- 
cause reports have not been received from some of the Departments. We recommend 
that Departments be required, as nearly as practicable, to conform to the rule 
adopted at Baltimore, requiring that requisition for supplies be accompanied by the 
money therefor. 

We heartily commend the Quartermaster-General for his promptness and uniform 
courtesy in the discharge of his official duties and the economical and thorough busi- 
ness manner in which he has managed the affairs of his Department. 

On Report of Inspector-General O. A. Janes : 

We have carefully examined the report and regret to find that four prominent 
Departments have failed to make any report to the Inspector- General, thus pre- 
venting as complete a report of the condition of all of our Departments as could be de- 
sired at this time, and your committee would respectfully suggest that the incoming 
administration use every exertion to the end that each Department furnish its Inspec- 
tor's Report to the Inspector-General in time to be presented in print at the next 
National Encampment. 

We heartily endorse the recommendations of the Inspector-General in relation 
to Post inspections, believing that such inspections are for the best interests of our 
organization. 

Upon the Report of Judge-Advocate-General D, R. Austin, 
majority and minority reports were presented, which gave rise to 
a long and animated discussion. The question in dispute, known 
as the " Kane case," was finally referred back to the Department 
of Pennsylvania. 

PENSIONS. 

The Committee on Pensions reported as follows : 

Early during the winter session of Congress the Committee met in Washington, 
the Commander-in Chief also being present. We found that, owing to the brevity of 
the session and the consequent pressure of public business, it was impossible to secure 
the introduction, with any promise of passage, of just such a pension bill as met with 
the approval of your Committee. 

To the Mexican Pension Bill, as passed by the House of Representatives, the Sen- 
ate had attached several amendments directly in the line of the recommendations of 
the Pension Committee and the action of the National Encampment. 

Although not altogether what was to be desired, this bill included so many excel- 
lent features that your Committee united in urging its passage as the only measure 
possible to succeed in the then state of legislative business. The bill finally failed of 
passage by only a few votes, 



304 Grand Army of the Republic. 

We recommend the pursuance in the future of the well-defined line of action con- 
cerning pension legislation heretofore marked out by the repeated action of the Na- 
tional Encampment. 

That recognizing the great usefulness of the " Army and Navy Survivors' Di- 
vision " of the Pension Office, as recently organized by the comrade Commissioner oJ 
Pensions, and that its further value must largely depend upon the continued co-op- 
eration of the Grand Army of the Republic, therefore 

Besolved, That the Commander-in-Chief be requested by General Order to explain 
the nature and value of the work done, and to invite the active co-operation of De- 
partments, Posts, and comrades in its further prosecution. 

Adopted. 

veterans' kights union. 

A committee was appointed to urge the heads of departments 
at AYashington to carry out the laws favoring the employment 
of Union soldiers and sailors in public positions. 

Committee: — John Palmer, New York ; John F. Kumler, Ohio ; 
Wm. Gibson, Potomac ; E. B. Loring, Massachusetts ; J. P. S. 
Gobin, Pennsylvania ; Edgar Allan, Virginia ; Ira M. Hedges, 
New l^'ork ; S. S. Burdett, Potomac ; John S. Kountz, Ohio. 

election of officers. 
The election of officers resulted as follows : 

Commander-in-Chief, Samuel S. Burdett, Washington, D. C. 

Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, Selden Connor, Augusta, 
Maine. 

Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, John Pi. Lewis, Atlanta, 
Georgia. 

Surgeon-General, J. C. Tucker, Alameda, California. 

Chaplaiu-in-Chief, L. H. Stewart, Perry, Ohio. 

council of administration. 

Arkansas, Thomas Boles ; California, Walter H. Holmes ; Col- 
orado, George Ady ; Connecticut, W. G. Gallagher ; Dakota, W. 
V. Lucas ; Delaware, G. W. King ; Florida, J, De V. Hazzard ; 
Gulf, Henry Schorteu ; Illinois, 11. F. AYilson ; Indiana, Charles 
A. Zollinger; Iowa, L. S. Tyler; Kansas, B. R. Hogin ; Kentucky, 
AYilliam Bowman ; Maine, Samuel W. Lane ; Massachusetts, James 
F. Meech ; Maryland, Thomas L. Mathews ; Michigan, Henry S. 



Administration of John S. Kountz. 305 

Dean ; Minnesota, Perry Starkweather ; Missouri, J. S. Sterrett ; 
Montana, Ela C. Waters ; Nebraska, J. O. "West ; New Hampshire, 
Alfred E. Emery ; New Jersey, John F. Lovett ; New Mexico, W. 
N. Smith ; New York, Joseph L. Follett ; Ohio, J. W. O'Neall ; 
Oregon, George C. Sears ; Pennsylvania, Samuel Harper ; Poto- 
mac, Chas. H. Ingram ; Rhode Island, William D. Mason ; Tennes- 
see and Georgia, Edward S, Jones ; Texas, H. W. Nye ; Utah, C. 
A. Wood ; Vermont, D. L. Morgan ; Virginia, John W. Boynton ; 
Washington Territory, O. B. Johnson ; West Virginia, S. F. Shaw; 
Wisconsin, Wm. S. Stanley, Jr. 

UNOFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS. 

Twenty-three thousand men marched in the parade in Port- 
land, on June 23, General Geo. L. Beal, Chief Marshall. " Camp 
U. S. Grant " was occupied by several thousand veterans, whose 
wants were all duly attended to by an efficient Committee of Ar- 
rangements. 

A grand reception was given to the visitors in the City Hall. 
Comrade Frederick Robie, Governor of Maine, made the address 
of welcome, followed by Mayor Deering of Portland. Com- 
mander-in-Chief Kountz responded for the Grand Army, and ad- 
dresses were made by General R. A. Alger, Governor of Michigan; 
General Lucius Fairchild, Wisconsin; General H. W. Slocum, New 
York ; General John A. Logan ; General Geo, T, Anthony, Kan- 
sas ; Hon. Thos. B. Reed, Maine ; Judge-Advocate-General D. R. 
Austin ; Comrade Geo. H. Patch, Massachusetts, and Chas. A. 
Boutelle, Maine. 

A clam-bake and festivities on one of the Islands of Saco Bay 
was enjoyed by several hundreds of the members of the National 
Encampment. 



20 



CHAPTER XXIV. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF S. S. BURDETT 

—TWENTIETH ANNUAL SESSION, SAN FRANCISCO, 
AUGUST 4, 1886. 

Commander-in-Chief Burdett established Headquarters in 
Washington, and appointed the following staff : 

Adjutant-General, John Cameron, Washington, D. C. 
Quartermaster-General, John Taylor, Pennsylvania. 
Inspector-General, Argus D. Vanosdol, Indiana. 
Judge-Advocate-General, Chas. H. Grosvenor, Ohio. 
Assistant Adjutant-General, Fred. Brackett, Washington, D.C. 

General S. S. Burdett, Commander-in-Chief, was born in Lie- 
cestershire, England, February 21, 1836, and came to the United 
States in IS-iS, He worked on a farm in Lorraine county, Ohio, 
until able to attend Oberlin College. After graduating he removed 
to Clinton county, where he studied law. 

In August, 1861, he enlisted in the 1st Iowa Cavalry, was pro- 
moted to be First Lieutenant and afterwards Captain, serving 
under General S. R. Curtis in Missouri and Arkansas until 1863, 
when he was detailed as Judge-Advocate, and so served on differ- 
ent important assignments until the close of his term. 

After the war he settled in Missouri ; was appointed U. S. Dis- 
trict Attorney, and as such zealously prosecuted and drove out a 
lawless element in that section. He was elected to Congress from 
the 5th District, Missouri, in 1868, and again in 1872. In 1874 he 
was appointed commissioner of the General Land Office. In 187(5, 
being in bad health, caused by over-work, he went to South 
America, and there devoted himself to the management of large 
business interests for citizens of the United States. 

He returned to Washington in 1878, and since then has built 
up a large law practice, and has been engaged as leading counsel 
in a numl)er of important land cases. 

He was a member of tlie Grand Army of the Republic in Mis- 
1306] 



Administration of S. S. Burdett. 307 

souri, in 1866, and afterwards joined a Post in Washington. Was 
Department Commander in 1881 and 1882. 

General Selden Connor, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Cliief, was 
born in Fairfield, Maine, January 25, 1839. Enlisted in April, 
1861, as a private in the 1st Vermont Volunteers, for three months 
service, and was subsequently promoted CorjDoral. Commissioned 
Lieutenant-Colonel of the 7th Maine Volunteers, August 22, 1861. 
In December, 1863, he was promoted to be Colonel of the 19th 
Maine Volunteers, in the 1st Brigade, 2d Division, 2d Army 
Corps, and commanded the Brigade until the consolidation of the 
2d and 3d Corps, just'prior to the Wilderness campaign ; was so 
severely wounded in the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, 
that he was unable to return to the field. Promoted to be Briga- 
dier-General of Volunteers, June 11, 1864. Mustered-out of ser- 
vice April 7, 1866. Joined the Grand Army of the Republic, and 
assisted in re-organizing Seth Williams Post No. 13, Department 
of Maine, at Augusta, in 1869. Was Commander of that Post, and 
Commander of the Department of Maine in 1874. Governor of 
Maine, 1876, 1877, 1878. 

General John R. Lewis, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, was 
born in Erie County, Pennsylvania, September 22, 1834. Enlisted 
in the 1st Vermont Volunteers, May 2, 1861, for the three months 
service. Was commissioned Captain, 5th Vermont Infantry, Sep- 
tember 16, 1861; promoted to be Major, Lieutenant-Colonel and 
Colonel of the Regiment. In the " Wilderness," May, 1864, he 
lost his left arm at the shoulder-joint. He was promoted for 
gallant and meritorious services in this action ; was transferred 
to the 1st Regiment, Veteran Reserve Corps, as Colonel, and later 
brevetted Brigadier-General, to date March 31, 1865. 

In 1867, commissioned Major, 44th U. S. Infantry, and was re- 
tired as Colonel, U. S. A., April 28, 1870. He became a charter 
member of O. M. Mitchell Post No. 21, Department of Tennessee 
and Georgia, and has been some years engaged in mercantile bus- 
iness in Atlanta, Georgia. 

Rev. Lemuel H. Stewart, Chaplain-in-Chief, was born in Ohio, 
July 22, 1847. He enlisted as a private, at the age of sixteen, in 
the 74th Ohio ; was taken prisoner in July, 1864, and confined for 



308 Grand Army of the Republic. 

six mouths in Andersonville ; was mustered-oiit of service, July 
18, 1865. 

Dr. Ambrose S. Everett, Surgeon-General, enlisted at Roches- 
ter, New York, in August, 1862, as First Lieutenant, Company B, 
108th New York Volunteers. Promoted to a Captaincy in Decem- 
ber ; was mustered-out on account of physical disability, August 
1, 1864. 

Joined A. Lincoln Post No, 4, in Denver, December, 1881, and 
has served as Post Surgeon, and three terms as Medical Director. 

John Cameron, Adjutant-General, is a native of Philadelphia. 
At the breaking out of the war he was receiver of the Green and 
Coates Street Passenger Railway Company, and at the first call 
for volunteers enlisted as a Corporal, Company C, Kentucky Light 
Cavalry, afterwards 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry. He was Acting 
Sergeant-Major of the Regiment most of the time he was attached 
to it. 

He participated in the engagements of Yorktown, Williams- 
burg, Savage Station, Jordan's Ford, Charles City Cross Roads, 
Malvern Hill and Antietam, and was discharged from the service, 
September 26, 1862, on account of disability. He joined Kit Car- 
son Post, in Washington, 1880, and has served in a number of po- 
sitions in his Department. Is now (1888) Assistant Adjutant- 
General. 

John Taylor, Quartermaster-General, re-appoiuted. See Chap- 
ter XXI. 

Captain Argus D. Vanosdol, Inspector-General, was born in 
Indiana, September 18, 1839, and on July 4, 1861, enlisted as Pri- 
vate, Company A, 3d Indiana Cavalry. Was promoted to be Ser- 
geant-Major, and later Captain, Company I. His Regiment served 
in the Army of the Cumberland, and he was so seriously wounded 
at Stone River tliat he was compelled to resign. 

On recovering lie was commissioned in the 156th Indiana, and 
was mustered-out in August, 1865. He was graduated from the 
Law School of tlie Indiana LTniversity, and is now practicing law 
in Madison, Indiana. He has been an active member of Post No. 
26 and of his Department, filling a number of positions in each. 
Department Commander, 1888. 




Group of National Officers, 1885. 



Administration of S. S. Burdett. 309 

General Chas. H. Grosvenor, Judge-Advocate-General, was 
commissioned Major, 18th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, July 30, 1861; 
Lieutenant-Colonel, March, 1863, and Colonel, April 8, 1865 ; bre- 
vetted Brigadier-General for " gallant and meritorious conduct 
throughout the war." 

He was one of the first to join the Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic, in 1866, and, in 1881, became a charter member of Post No, 
89, at his home in Athens. He has since been an active working 
member of his Post and Department, and in the National En- 
campments. 

He is President of the Board of Trustees, Ohio Soldiers and 
Sailors Home. Is now, 1888, representing his District in Con- 
gress. 

twentieth annual session. 

The National Encampment assembled in San Francisco, Au- 
gust 4, 1886. Commander-in-Chief Burdett in the chair. 

committee on credentials. 

Adjutant-General John Cameron ; H. E. Taintor, Connecticut ; 
S. AV. Lane, Maine ; H. G. Hicks, Minnesota ; J. C. Linehan, NeAv 
Hampshire. 

OFFICERS present. 

Commander-in-Chief Samuel S. Burdett. 
Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief Selden Connor. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief John R. Lewis. 
Chaplain-in-Chief Rev. L. H. Stewart. 
Surgeon-General Ambrose S. Everett. 
Adjutant-General John Cameron. 
Quartermaster-General John Taylor. 
Inspector-General Argus D. Vanosdol. 
Judge-Advocate-General Charles H. Grosvenor. 
Assistant Adjutant-General Fred. Brackett. 

COUNCIL OF administration. 

Arkansas, Thomas Boles ; California, Walter H. Holmes ; Col- 
orado, George Ady ; Dakota, W. Y. Lucas ; Delaware, G. W. King ; 
Gulf, Henry Schorten; Illinois, R. F. Wilson; Indiana, Charles A. 
Zollinger ; Iowa, L. S. Tyler ; Kansas, B. R. Hogin ; Kentucky, 



310 Grand Army of the Republic. 

William Bowmau ; Maine, J. S. Douglas ; Massachusetts, Henry 
B. Peirce ; Maryland, W. W. Walker ; Missouri, Eugene F. AYei- 
gel ; Montana, Elu C. AVaters ; Nebraska, J. O. West ; New Hamp- 
shire, James Minot ; New Mexico, W. N. Smith ; Ohio, J. W. 
O'Neall ; Oregon, George C. Sears ; Pennsylvania, Samuel Harper ; 
Potomac, Chas. H. Ingram ; Rhode Island, George H. Pettis ; 
Tennessee and Georgia, Edward S. Jones ; Vermont, D. L. Mor- 
gan ; Virginia, John W. Boynton ; West Virginia, S. F. Shaw. 



DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Arkansas, 2 ; California, 18 ; Colorado, 9 ; Connecticut, 9 ; Da- 
kota, 5 ; Delaware, 6 ; Florida, 2 ; Gulf, 2 ; Illinois, 29 ; Indiana, 
21; Iowa, 22 ; Kansas, 26 ; Kentucky, 3 ; Maine, 17; Massachusetts, 
30 ; Maryland, ; Michigan, 21: ; Minnesota, 14 ; Missouri, 11 ; 
Montana, 2 ; Nebraska, 12 ; New Hampshire, 9 ; New Jersey, 10 ; 
New Mexico, 3 ; New York, 43 ; Ohio, 38 ; Oregon, 6 ; Pennsyl- 
vania, 43 ; Potomac, 9 ; Rhode Island, 8 ; Tennessee and Georgia, 
5 ; Texas, 2 ; Utah, 5 ; Vermont, 9 ; Virginia, 4 ; Washington Ter- 
ritory, 6 ; West Virginia, 1; Wisconsin, 15. Total, 38 Depart- 
ments ; 489 Department Officers and Representatives, 



ADDRESS OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. 

Comrade Burdett, in his opening remarks, referred to the 
happy circumstances under which the members had now assem- 
bled on the Pacific coast. 

Threading a continent in our this year's march, we pitch the tents of the Twen- 
tieth National Encampment on this our further shore, sjilute the glory of tlie moun- 
tains wliicli to our fathers were nameless shadows in a foreign land, and hear with 
gladness the music of waves which sing our anthem, where yesterday the st^irry flag 
WHS hut a strange device. It has been the lot of the Grand Army to compass the land 
it helped to save. 

In presenting the statistics of membership, more fully given in 
the Report of the Adjutant-General, he referred to the large 
numbers carried as suspended, and recommended that some i)lan 
be devised to have sucli comrades restored to the rolls. 

He recommended ;i further reduction in the charges for sup- 
plies and the investment of funds on hand. 



Administration of S. S. Burdett. 311 

BADGES. 

The number of membership badges issued during the year 
was 66,393. General Orders were issued as directed by the pre- 
vious Encampment, to suppress the sale of spurious badges. 

I am happy to say that my efforts to discharge this duty were seconded by my 
comrades, the Department Commanders, almost unanimoinly, with great heartiness, 
and that close scrutiny and comparison of the legitimate demands of the year, with 
the actual issue from National Headquarters, indicate that but few of the spurious 
badges found their way into the ranks. 

The changes ordered for the reverse of the badges, by adding 
the marks of Hancock's 1st Corps, Veteran Volunteers, and Sher- 
idan's and Wilson's Cavalry Corps, had been made, and the badge, 
as amended, patented for the use of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public. 

He submitted to the Encampment the question of organizing 
Posts outside of the United States, especially in the Dominion of 
Canada. 

He had visited twenty Departments during the year, serious 
sickness in his household had prevented his visiting others. 

woman's relief corps. 

It has been my pleasure during the past year to meet the National Officers of the 
Woman's Relief Corps at Boston, and the officers of a number of its Departments. 
This organization has passed beyond the stage of mere patronage or commendation- 
It has become a settled auxiliary and recognized agency of the Grand Army of the 
Republic in all its work of beneficence. Its fame, whether for good or ill, is ours» 
and the proper administration of its trasts, and the accomplishment of its helpful aims, 
are to us, as well as to itself, matter of proper concern. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

Never since the happy inspiration came upon the Grand Army to set apart a day 
for the honor of our dead comrades, has Memorial Day been so fully, so heartily and 
so reverently observed as upon the occasion of its latest celebration. In all places in 
the always loyal States, where the dust of our dead is gathered, there came the tread of 
their comrades to testify their undying fraternity; and there came as well the throng 
of fellow-citizens, the old who remembered the strife and the young who had learned 
its lessons, to signify for themselves, and for their country, their sense of the service 
done. 

The second General Order, which it fell to my lot to issue, announced the death of 
Past Commander in-Chief the Rev. William Earnshaw. He was the seventh in the order 
of election and service of your Commanders-in-Chief; he is the third to be called away; 
he was a just man and true, who, serving God in His ministry, selected a field of labor 



;31*2 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

which brouirht him amoinr his less fortunate comrades; with all faithfulness he sought 
their hajipiness whilst living, and with equal devotion consoled their dying hour. 

The Commander-in-Chief feelingly and eloquently referred to 
the deaths, during the year, of three noted comrades : McClellan, 
Hancock and Grant. He had, with his staff, officially attended the 
funeral of General Grant, in New York. 

The position assigned to the Grand Army in the line of march was most honorable, 
and at its close it was our happiness to hear pronounced, by the comrades of Post No. 
1, of Philadelphia, of which he was a member, those last farewells contained in our 
simple ritual for the dead. 

GRANT MEMORIAL FUND. 

Upon the death of our Comrade Grant, the noble spirit of commemoration was 
evoked in many parts of the land. 

It seemed to many of our discreet comrades, as it did to me, that over and above 
any other association of citizens, the Grand Army of the Republic would find it in its 
heart, and in accord with its just pride and purpose, on behalf of its individual mem- 
bership and on behalf of its organized whole, to set up at the National Capitol, where 
resides the majestj^ of the whole people, a memorial of Grant that should be worthy 
of him and worth}- of themselves, and,should thus weave together in death, the fame 
they together won in life, 

I accordingly, on the 14th day of September, 1885, issued Circular No. 1, inviting 
the co-operation of my comrades for the end proposed. Not without a feeling of re- 
gret I was soon made aware that in some quarters it was felt that this movement might 
be detrimental to the success of other wishes and purposes. I thought the great Grand 
Army could wait, withholding all occasion for offense. Except, therefore, the dis- 
tribution of blank lists for the record of the names of contributing comrades, no 
special efforts had been made to collect the fund; but, notwithstanding, thirty-one 
Departments have contributed .^4. 627.86, the heart-offering of 30,852 comrades, whose 
feet know the roads over which he led them to victory, and whose hearts were sore 
when he died. 

There is no reason now, substantial or .sentimental, why the proposed work should 
not go fonvard. I have it from the lips of his oldest born that the proposal meets the 
hearty concurrence of those who, in life, were nearest and dearest to him. There are 
no encumbrances of plan or method to stand in the way of tliis National Encamp- 
ment taking and moulding the work to its will. 

"We applaud the fitness of the work of the Societies of the Army of the Tennessee 
and the Cumberland, in doing honor to themselves by honoring their McPherson and 
tlieir Thomas. The Grand Army of the Republic, the great whole of all the con- 
quering host, can find nowhere on the roll of fame a name more fit for their garland 
than his who commanded all, and to whom at last came the homage of every heart. 

Comrades, it is no small thing to have stood, by your choice, at the head of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. Unique in conception, illustrious in achievement— the 
breath of patriotism, the color guard of liberty, and the very bulwark of equality and 
the law— no history of this great age will be complete without large space devoted to 



Administration of S. S. Burdett. 313 

the elucidation of the lesson the mere existence of such an institution teaches. I have 
not been able to add aught to its glory, but, by your help, I have successfully striven 
to maintain it in its high place ; its standards have not been lowered. 

Chaplain-in-Chief L. H. Stewart recommended : 

The appointment of a memorial committee to prepare, from year to year, suitable 
resolutions or memoirs for the departed comrades. That it be made the duty of De- 
partment Chaplains to prepare and forward to the Chaplain-in-Chief reports of Me- 
morial Day, and that they may be compiled and tiled in the archives of the National 
Headquarters. 

Also tliat a change be made in the rules relative to Memorial 
Day, so that when that day falls on Sunday, Saturday should be 
observed. 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General John Cameron presented schedules of Posts 
and members in each Department. The following is a 

RECAPITULATION. 

Members in good standing March 31, 1885, . . . 269,694 

Gained by muster ..... 60,663 

By transfer, . . . . 6.194 

By reinstatement, .... 26,282 

By delinquent reports, . . . 9,047 

Total Gain, . . . . . 102,186 



Aggregate, .... 


371,880 


Loss by death, .... 


3,020 


By honorable discharge. 


2,235 


By dishonorable discharge, 


483 


By transfer, .... 


8,510 


By suspension. 


. 54,146 


By delinquent reports. 


8,149 


Total loss. 


76,543 



Members in good standing March 31, 1886, . . 295,337 

Total number remaining suspended, .... 27,412 

Total number by delinquent reports, .... 3,750 

Number of Posts reported March 31, 1885, . . . 5,026 

Number of Posts reported March 31, 1886, . . . 5,765 

Net gain in membership during the year (in good standing;, 25,643 

Net gain in Posts during the year, .... 739 

The loss by delinquent reports are the aggregate membership of each Post which 
have not sent their returns to the Assistant Adjutants-General. 



31J: Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

It is safe to say that if the proper officers of these Posts had reported (and there is 
not the slightest reason -why they should not have done so, except carelessness, ineffi- 
ciency, and violation of obligation), the number remaining in good standing reported 
to you would be 299,087. 

It will thus be seen that the total membership borne on the rolls, is 326,499. 

Total number of deaths reported from July, 1871, to March 31, 1886, 13,013. 

Quartermaster-General Joliu Taylor reported receipts, (witli 
previous balance of $12,006.46) $60,735.68 ; disbursements, 
$36,871.59 ; balance cash on hand, $23,864.09. 

Judge-Advocate-General C. H. Grosvenor presented the oj^in- 
ions given in twenty cases submitted during the year. 

Inspector-General A. D. Vanosdol reported the condition of 
each Department, as shown by the inspections held during the year. 
He recommended that only annual inspections should be made. 
Reports of 4,916 out of the 5,765 Posts, showed disbursements for 
relief amounting to $205,673. The Eelief Fund of the Posts 
amounted to $301,012.76. 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Address of Commander-in-Chief : — Lucius Fairchild, Wis- 
consin ; G. W. F. Yernon, Maryland ; Thomas C. Fullerton, Illi- 
nois ; David N. Foster, Indiana, and John P. Rea, Minnesota. 

On Report of the Adjutant-General : — T. J. Stewart, Pennsyl- 
vania ; L. B. Hill, Maine ; O. F. Lochhead, Michigan ; A. C. Mon- 
roe, Massachusetts ; H. P. Thomj)son, Illinois. 

On Report of the Quartermaster-General : — S. B. Jones, Ne- 
braska ; George B. Creamer, Maryland ; George AY. King, Dela- 
ware ; E. H. Sawyer, Colorado ; Philip Cheek, Jr., Wisconsin. 

On Report of the Judge-Advocate-General : — Geo. S. Merrill, 
Massachusetts ; A. J. Sampson, Colorado ; Charles D. Long, Mich- 
igan ; Charles A. Orr, New York ; Thomas Boles, Arkansas. 

On Report of the Inspector-General : — S. P. Ford, California ; 
C. E. Wliitsit, Indiana ; W. H. Webster, Potomac ; Charles M. 
Holton, Washington Territory ; J. R. Yan Syckel, New Jersey. 

On Rules and Regulations, and Ritual: — R. B. Beath, Penn- 
sylvania ; D. R. Austin, Ohio ; C. C. Royce, Potomac ; N. P. 
Chipman, California ; John McNeil, Missouri. 

On Resolutions : — Henry B. Peirce, Massachusetts, Chairman ; 



Administration of S. S. Burdett. 315 

Jno. Vaughn, Arkansas ; Stuart Taylor, California ; E. H. Webb, 
Colorado ; W. A. Simons, Connecticut ; W. L. "Wells, Dakota ', AV. 
S. McNair, Delaware ; E. W. Henck, Florida ; Jesse E. Scott, 
Gulf ; J. G. Everest, Illinois ; T. W. Bennett, Indiana ; vSamuel 
Cooper, Io"wa ; M. Stewart, Kansas ; D. O'Eeilly, Kentucky ; E. 
M. Shaw, Maine ; Robert W. Scarlett, Maryland ; Oscar A. Janes, 
Michigan ; Albert Scheffer, Minnesota ; W. J. Terrell, Missouri ; 
W. E. Sanders, Montana ; B. F. Smith, Nebraska: Dan'l M. White, 
New Hampshire ; Geo. B. Fielder, New Jersey; E. S. Stover, New 
Mexico ; G. S. Conger, New York ; L. D. Woodworth, Ohio ; G. 
E. Caukin, Oregon ; J. P. S. Gobin, Pennsylvania ; D. A. Gros- 
venor, Potomac ; Henry R. Barker, Rhode Island ; J. Chamber- 
lain, Tennessee and Georgia ; O. T, Lyon, Texas ; Eli H, Murray, 
Utah ; H. Ballard, Vermont ; Chas. E. Hewins, Virginia ; A, M. 
Brooks, Washington Territory ; J. H. Ruhl, West Virginia; E. B. 
Gray, Wisconsin. 

reports from committees. 
On the Address of Commander-in-Chief S. S. Burdett : 

'1. The various topics mentioned in the address are so pertinent, and are so con- 
cisely and elociuently discussed, as to leave little room for this Committee to empha- 
size any of its timely suggestions. 

The patriotic sentiments so beautifully expressed, and the hearty thanks given to 
the people of this State and city, find an echo in your hearts and in ours. 

The Grand Army has again been most fortunate In its choice of a National Chief, 
and we most heartily congratulate the Commander-in-Chief and our comrades every- 
where on the success of the administration now near its end. 

As a token of our appreciation of the efficiency, ability, and fidelity with which he 
has discharged the arduous duties of his high office, we respectfully recommend that 
the Council of Administration cause a proper testimonial to be prepared and pre- 
sented, in the name and behalf of all the comrades, to Commander-in-Chief Com- 
rade S. S. BUKDETT. 

2. Your Committee have carefully considered that portion of the address of the 
Commander-in-Chief relating to Memorial Day, and most respectfully recommend 
that Article XIV, Chapter V, Rules and Regulations for the Government of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, be amended so that the last clause thereof shall read as 
follows: 

"When such day occurs on Sunday, the preceding day shall be observed, except 
where, by legal enactment, the succeeding day is made a legal holiday, when such day 
shall be observed." 

3. The final settlement of the much disputed question of the integrity of badges, 
is a cause of congratulation, and our Commander-in-Chief is entitled to the hearty 
thanks of every comrade for the earnest and effective manner in which he has dis- 
charged uis duty in this respect. 



316 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

We concur in the recommendation of the Commander-in-Chief that the design re- 
cently patented be adopted by a formal resolution. 

4. While the members of the Grand Army of the Republic most heartily endorse 
every proper effort to give to their comrades the full benefit of the laws of our country 
which provide that those who have been honorably discharged from the military and 
naval service, by reason of disability resulting from wounds or sickness incurred in the 
line of duty, shall be ])referred for appointment to civil offices, we are of the opinion 
that the G. A. R. should not hold itself responsible for the acts of any other organiza- 
tion. The timely warning of the Commander in Chief in this regard should, we think, 
be heeded. Therefore we deem it proper to suggest that we extend to the Veterans' 
Rights Union our hearty sympathy in its efforts to serve our comrades in every pro- 
per manner and that all comrades w ill, to the extent of their ability, second such ef- 
forts- but it should be distinctly understood that the G. A. R,, as an organization, is 
not and w^ill not stand responsible for the acts of that or any other organization. 

And we demand the rigid enforcement of Section 1754, Revised Statutes, and an 
amendment thereto, so as to give preference to all honorably discharged soldiers and 
sailors who are now physically disabled, whether discharged for disability or not, pro- 
vided that such soldiers or sailors be found competent. 

o. Your Committee call special attention to the action of the Commander-in-Chief 
touching the matter of creating a fund for the erection of a suitable memorial to our 
late Comrade U. S. Grant. We fully approve of the action already taken and recom- 
mend a resumption of the scheme now held in abeyance, and the raising of a fund 
through the organization of the G. A. R., of not less than $100,000, for the erection of 
such memorial at the Capitol of the Nation. 

6. Your Committee heartily commend the suggestion of the Commander's address 
respecting the suspension and dropping of comrades from the rolls of the member- 
ship for non-payment of dues, and recommend an amendment of the Rules and Regu- 
lations, providing that no comrade .shall be dropped from the roll of membership ex- 
cept by a majority vote of his Post, at a regular meeting, held at least four weeks 
after notice given at a previous regular meeting, that such vote would b_ taken. 

7. We also approve the recommendation that the surplus funds of the National 
Encampment be invested and k«pt invested in the bonds of the United States. 

The warm words of commendation of the Woman's Relief Corps, contained in the 
address of the Commander-in-Chief, will meet with a hearty response from every 
member of the Grand Army of the Republic. There is no brighter page in the 
history of the rebellion than that which records the heroic sacrifices of American 
women. At the fireside where tears are shed and breaking hearts commune with 
God, there may be found a valor and heroi-sm that never shone on battle-field, nor 
answered to the trump of fame, and the story of a grander martyrdom than any page 
of history records, sleeps in many and many an humble grave where a woman's pulse- 
less heart goes back to du-st. It is fitting, therefore, that the patriotic women of 
America should share with us the work which recalls a past in which they bore so 
conspicuous and so honorable a part. We have so frecpiently and so unreservedly 
given our endorsement to the Woman's Relief Corps, that, as our Commander sug- 
gests, "a breach of promise would lie if we should now attempt to ignore the bar- 
gain, or refu.se a dutiful performance of conditions." But .such a wish is farthest 
from our tiiougiits. Rather let the union be fully consummated, and may we walk 
together in Faith, Love and Charity, until death do us part. 

8. The organization knf)wn as the Sons of Veterans has always received the God- 
speed of our National Kiicami)ments. It is a natural outgrowth of the lessons of loy- 
alty taught by our Order, and is, we believe, destined to exert a powerful influence 



Administration of S. S. Burdett. 317 

in behalf of loyalty aad good citizenship, long after the Grand Army of the Eepublic 
shall have passed away. "We therefore cordially endorse the sentiments expressed in 
the Commander's address touching this active, growing and useful organization. 

9. In order to carry out these suggestions and recommendations we report for 
adoption the following resolutions: 

a. Resolred, That the existing Council of Administration be instructed to cause a 
suitable testimonial to b3 procured and presented to the Commander-in-Cliief. 

b. Resolved, That the design of a badge recently patented, as stated by the Com- 
mander-in-Chief, be, and the same is hereby, adopted as a membership badge of the 
Grand Army of the Republic ; and that all comrades should in every case procure their 
badges from the proper Grand Army authorities. 

c. Resolved, That the Council of Administration be instructed to invest the sum of 
$20,000 of the funds now in the hands of the Quartermaster-General, in the bonds of 
the United States. 

d. Resolved, That there be created a committee, to be known as the Grant Memo- 
rial Committee, to be composed of one member from each Department, and the Com- 
mander in-Chief elect, who shall be chairman of said committee, whose duty it 
shall be to supervise the creation of a fund for the erection of a suitable memorial at 
the Capitol of the United States. 

e. Resolved, That the Commander-in-Chief be empowered to select from said Com- 
mittee an Executive Committee of nine. 

Paragraph 4 of tlie report, referring to the Veterans' Rights 
Union was non-concurred in, and the following substituted : 

4. Resolved, That this Encampment recognizes and endorses to the fullest extent 
the objects of the Veterans' Rights Union, and recommends and requests the various 
Departments of the Grand Army of the Republic to institute and perfect in each De- 
partment, an organization similar to those already in existence in the Departments of 
New York and Pennsylvania, for the protection of the rights of the veterans under 
the law. Be it also resolved, That a copy of these resolutions, properly attested, be 
forwarded to the President and Vice-President of the United States, and to the sev- 
eral members of the Cabinet, as the voice of the 300,000 members of this organization 
on the question. 

The report as amended was then adopted unanimously. 

On Report of Adjutant-General Cameron : 

The Adjutant-General has rendered a very complete and comprehensive report, and 
one that indicates the wisdom of his being selected to fill an office of the utmost im- 
portance, and one which he had all the qualifications to fill to the entire satisfaction of 
the Grand Army of the Republic. 

The saving of money to the Grand Army of the Republic by the engrossing of 366 
commissions, which work has been done by the Adjutant General in connection with 
the duties of his office, is worthy of especial mention. 

We desire to call especial attention to the preservation of the records of the Grand 
Army of the Republic. This is a matter of the utmost importance, and every facility 
should be afforded the Adjutant-General to properly preserve the records, and to that 
end we recommend that the Council of Administration be directed to confer with the 



318 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

Adjutaut-Gencml, and provide proper means for the care aud preservation of the re- 
cords of the G. A. R. 

We take jileasure in commending Comrade John Cameron, Adjutant-General, 
for that conscientious and faithful performance of duty that entitles him to the warm- 
est thanks of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

On Report of Quartermaster-General Taylor : 

Your Committee, appointed to examine the report of the Quartermaster-General, 
have thoroughly examined the same and find it correct in every particular. 

We would refer to the recommendation of the Quartermaster-General regarding the 
price of badges, that they be reduced, and concur in the same. 

We further recommend that the Council of Administration take up this matter and 
reduce the price of all supplies as far as possible. 

The efficiency and courtesy uniformly displayed by Quartermaster-General Taylor 
in discharge of his official duties, entitles him to the thanks of the Encampment. 

On Report of Inspector-General Yanosdol : 

The report shows a gratifying increase of growth and prosperity of the Grand 
Army of the Republic. We cordially endorse the suggestions of the Inspector-Gen- 
eral, that there be one annual inspection, and that the report be made up to Decem- 
ber 31st. We also endorse the suggested change in Form E. 

On Report of Judge-Advocate-Geueral Grosvenor : 

We have carefully examined the report and decisions, and desire to bear testimony 
to the conspicuous care aud fidelity with which the Judge- Advocate-General has dis- 
charged the duties of his position. 

The Departments of New Jersey and Delaware desire to present to the Committee 
statements aud testimony in relation to the opinions in cases arising from their respective 
Departments, but as this was incident to an appeal from the Commander-in-Chief the 
Committee were of opinion that the matter should be presented directly to the En- 
cam]nuent. 

The C'oramittee report that the opinions of the Judge- Advocate-General are correct 
and that they should be approved. 



COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS. 

The Committee on Resolutions recommended tlie following : 

1. liesoh'nd. That we request the rigid enforcement of the provisions of Section 
1754, Revised Statutes of the United Slates. 

Jlesolved, That patriotism, justice and equity alike demand that the provisions of 
Section 1754, Revised Statutes of the United States, be so amended as to embrace all 
honorably discharged soldiers and sailors now disabled ])y reason of wounds or di.sease 
oontrafted in the service of their country, whether discharged for physical disability 
or otherwise, when found to Ik- fully competent. 



Administbation of S. S. Burdett. 319 

2. Resolved, That the obligation which the Grovernment of the United States owes 
to the soldiers and sailors disabled in its service, differs in no respect from those due 
to any of its other creditors, unless it be that they are of a more sacred and binding 
character; and in the payment of these obligations no measures for raising the money 
required should be employed which are not applied to every other species of indebted- 
ness. 

3. Besolved, That the Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army be requested to 
procure orders from the Secretary of War, and from the Secretary of the Navy, per- 
mitting the officers, soldiers and sailors who served in the army and navy of the 
United States, and who belong to this organization, to wear the badge of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, where so serving. 



PENSIONS. 

Majority and minority reports were made on the proposition 
for " service pensions." the majority against and the minority in 
favor of the same. The minority report, read by Comrade T. W. 
Bennett, Indiana, was as follows : 



We believe that if this Encampment is to truly represent the veterans of the old 
army, it must itself initiate pension legislation, and not accept the suggestion of pen- 
sion claim agents and party politicians; that the veterans favor this measure because 
it spares them degrading conditions, trifling technicalities, and mocking delays; that 
the financial condition of the country permits it; that ample precedents support it; 
that a majority of the G. A. R. Posts have petitioned for it; that the failing health and 
energies of the veterans require it, and that the justice and honor of the country de- 
mand it. 

The subject was debated at length. The majority report, 
against service pensions, was adopted. 



REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PENSIONS. 

During the year your Committee has appeared three times before the Pension Com- 
mittee of Congress to urge an immediate enlargement and liberalization of the pension 
laws. One of the most important measures demanded in the name of the Grand 
Army has become law, in the increase of pensions to widows from $8 to $12 per 
month. 

In accordance with the nearly unanimous expression of three successive National 
Encampments, your Committee has urged, with such earnestness as we could com- 
mand, that Congress provide for placing upon the pension rolls of the Nation, every 
honorably discharged soldier and sailor who served in the war against rebellion, who is 
or b:comes 65 years of age, and every one who is or may become disabled or in need, 



320 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

without requiring proof that such disability is iu consequence of, or the dependence 
arising from, such service. 

This legislation would provide pensions for the aged, the poor, and the disabled— 
for everybody but the absolutely well and rich— and forever close the doors of the 
almshouses of the land against the entrance of any veteran who gave to the country 
his services in the hour of need. 

Your Committee urged, further, a liberal increase of pensions to the severely dis- 
abled; that dependence of parents should be made present and not past; that pensions 
to minor children shall be increased, and the time during which aid be extended, and 
that there shall be a just equalization of bounties. Bill 1886, practically embodying 
the recommendations of this Committee, passed the Senate and is now pending in the 
House. 

The recommendation for an increase of pensions to the severely disabled also 
passed the Senate, and is also upon the calendar of the House. 

Diirino- the present session of Congress this Committee addressed the Commander- 
in-Chief an indignant protest against the proposition to brand the veterans as beggars, 
by attaching to pension bills, and no other species of legislation, a special measure of 
taxation to provide for the payment thereof. 

Since the organization of this Committee, other of its important recommendations 
have been ingrafted into the pension laws, including the repeal of that most unjust 
provision, in force for twenty years, requiring the applicant to prove his physical 
soundness at the time of his enlistment. 

With but a single exception, the Committee has received the most courteous treat- 
ment from members of the two branches of Congress of both the great political par- 
ties. One man alone, Colonel William Q. Morrison, of Illinois, cared so little for the 
plea of the representatives of three hundred thousand soldiers, in behalf of their dis- 
abled comrades, that he could insultingly break off a two-minutes interview. 

After an experience in this work of four years, your Committee is of the opinion that 
it is alike wise and for the l)est interests of the veterans to pursue the course marked 
out by previous National Encampments, and that the Grand Army shall continue to 
demand of Congress the prompt passage of the measures heretofore endorsed by this 
Encampment in favor of the aged, the poor, and needy veterans, and that until this 
is accomplished, the rich and well can afford to wait before demanding pensions for 
themselves. 

The report was adopted. 



RULES AND REGULATIONS. 

An extended discussion was had on the proposition to strike 
out from the Kules and Regulations ex-officio membership of Past 
Department Commanders in Department Encampments and in the 
National Enciinpment, and of Past Post Commanders in Depart- 
ments. The pro])osed amendments were not adopted. The Rules 
relative to Radges were amended to incorporate the additional 
corps-marks and patented designs as reported by the Commander- 
in-Chief. 



Administration of S. S. Burdett. 321 



GENERAL RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED. 

Whereas, The preservation of the unity of the Government is the highest duty of 
all; and Whereas, It is the duty of citizens everywhere to try and enforce the laws; 
and Whereas, Any interference by a so-called ecclesiastical authority with temporal 
affairs is a menace to the institutions of the country; and Whereas, the Mormon 
leaders have for years taught, and continue to teach, their people to look upon the 
Government as an enemy, and continue an organization bj' and through which the 
laws are nullified and the flag insulted: Therefore, We, the members of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, in Encampment assembled, recognizing the facts, demand that 
the flag be everywhere respected, and do resolve that it is the duty of the American 
people to require their Reiwesentatives in Congress to pass .such laws as will effectually 
release the Territories of the United States from the control of said organization, and 
will insure to every one the protection of the laws. 

Whereas, It has come to the knowledge of this National Encampment that the 
flag of our country has been lowered at half-mast over the Government Departments 
at Washington, in honor of one Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi ; and. 

Whereas, It is well demonstrated by history that Jacob Thompson was the man 
who organized and purchased infected clothing to spread contagious diseases through 
the North, and to burn northern cities, thereby involving our families in the horrors 
of uncivilized warfare that appalled the Christian world; therefore, be it 

Resolved, By this National Encampment, that to carry out one of the trusts of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, to protect the flag unsullied, we can but condemn the 
use of the flag to honor Jacob Thompson, or any one who aided cr abetted him to in- 
augurate such unholy and savage warfare. 

Whereas, The dead who fell in battle and died of disease at Fort Meigs, in 1813, 
lie in unmarked and uncared-for graves ; and 

Whereas, Fort Meigs is a historical spot of the first importance in the War of 
1812-1815; and 

Whereas, The soldiers, whose graves are to be protected in that place came prin- 
cipally from the States of Kentucky, Virginia. Pennsylvania and Ohio ; therefore, 
be it 

Resolved, That a committee of six members of this Encampment be appointed, one 
each from the States of Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio and 
Indiana, to visit Fort Meigs, during the ensuing year, examine the site and the burial 
place of its dead, and to report at the next Annual National Encampment, the result 
of such investigation, together with such recommendation as may be deemed proper 
in the premises. 



THANKS FOR HOSPITALITIES EXTENDED. 

Resolved, That this Encampment tender to the comrades of the Department of 
California, the citizens of the State at large, and of the city of San Francisco, who 
have tendered to the Grand Army of the Republic such a generous, open-hearted wel- 
come, their sincere and heart felt thanks. Their action toward the veterans of the 
war has proven to us that loyalty has an abiding place on the Pacific slope, where is 
found not only the Golden Gate to this continent, but a golden pathway to a stronger 
Fraternity, a purer Charity, and a grander Loyalty in the heart of every lover ox 
his country and comrade of the Grand Army of the Republic. 
21 



322 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Department Commander Jos. I. Sayles, New York, presented 
to the Department of California a handsome banner and an album, 
contributed by Posts of the Department of New York, through 
Comrade E. A. Dubey, of Brooklyn. 

Comrade W. E. Smedberg, accepted the testimonial for the 
Department of California, and, on behalf of the Post at Honolulu, 
presented to the National Encampment a gavel made from native 
wood of the Sandwich Islands, which the Commander-in-Chief ac- 
cepted on behalf of the Encampment. 

General W. T. Sherman, by special invitation of the Encamp- 
ment, read a most interesting address on the series of events lead- 
ing to the war with Mexico and the conquest of California, in 
which, as an officer of the U. S. Army, he had taken part. 

In briefly referring to the rebellion, he said : 

Let us forget the old North and the old South and devote our lives to the devel- 
opment of the newer and grander Union which you, my fellow -soldiers, have had so 
large a share in creating. Though it was hard for us to realize the truth, we now be- 
lieve the civil war was worth all it cost in precious life and treasure, and that the South 
received the largest share of benefit. We cherish the memories of that war and may 
profit by its lessons. We are a grander people than before the civil war, and far 
better able to cope with the mighty issues which the future may have in store 
for us. 

You, my beloved comrades of tlie war of 1861-5, have abundant reason for your 
faith in the majesty and security of this new Union, with the Atlantic States, the Pa- 
cific States, and the great center, bound together in harmouy by rivers and moun- 
tains, and by bands of 'ieel, each State controlling its own property and interests, 
with a strong Government over all. Yet in your conventions and feasts you can well 
spare some words of cheer to your older comrades of the Mexican War, who did so 
much to eularge the national domain and make possible the glorious work you after- 
ward so thoroughly accomplished. We cannot expect to tarry long to enjoy the fruits 
of our labor, but untold generations of intelligent men and beautiful women will be 
here to protect, defend and maintain tliese conquests, and meantime we have a right 
to be proud and content that in our day and generation we have largely contributed 
to build up and strengthen the fabric of government fashioned by our fathers, sanc- 
tifed by the great name of Washington, made double precious by the noble virtues 
of our martyred Lincoln, and crowned by tlie achievements of our comrade, Grant, 



ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The election of officers resulted as follows : 

Commander-in-Chief, Lucius Fairchild, Madison, ■Wisconsin. 
Senior Vice-Comraander-in-Chief, Samuel W. Backus, San 
Francisco, California. 



Administration of S. 8. Burdett. 323 

Junior Yice-Commander-in-Cliief, Edgar Allan, Eiclimond, 
Yirgiuia. 

Surgeon-General, Ambrose S. Everett, Denver, Colorado. 
Chaplain-in-Cliief, T. C. Warner, Chattanooga, Tennessee. 

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Arkansas, Thomas Boles ; California, N. P. Chipman ; Colo- 
rado, Frank Hunter ; Connecticut, Wm. Edgar Simonds ; Dakota, 
George A. Silsby ; Delaware, George W. King ; Florida, E. W. 
Henck ; Louisiana, Henry Schorten ; Illinois, E. F. Wilson ; In- 
diana, Cortland E. Whitsit ; Iowa, J. B. Morgan ; Kansas, J. W. 
Feighan ; Kentucky, D. O'Eiley ; Maine, A. M. Sawyer ; Mary- 
land, George B. Creamer ; Massachusetts, John L. Otis ; Michi- 
gan, George M. Devlin ; Minnesota, W. W. P. McConnell ; Mis- 
souri, Eugene F. Weigel ; Montana, W. F. Sanders ; Nebraska, 
James O. West ; New Hampshire, James Minot ; New Jersey, 
Bishop W. Mains ; New Mexico, T. W. Collier ; New York, Henry 
E. Turner ; Ohio, D. E. Austin, ; Oregon, Charles L. Fa}- ; Penn- 
sylvania, Samuel Harper ; Potomac, Solomon E. Faunce ; Ehode 
Island, George O. Eddy ; Tennessee and Georgia, Edward S. 
Jones ; Texas, A. Belknap ; Utah, W. H. Nye ; Yermont, Ed. H. 
Trick ; Yirginia, Peter Morton ; Washington Territory, Frank 
G. Frary ; West Yirginia, S. F. Shaw ; AYisconsin, J. L. AYheat. 

The officers-elect were installed by Past Commander-in-Chief 
George S. Merrill. '' 

COURTESIES EXTENDED. 

The comrades of the Grand Army in California, the citizens of 
San Francisco and of the State, had arranged, by liberal contribu- 
tions, for the entertainment of the visitors to this reunion, upon 
a scale never before attempted in the history of the Grand Army 
of the Eepublic. 

Notwithstanding the immense crowds of people, the hotel and 
boarding-house accommodations were ample, and thus one great 
cause of discomfort, usually attendant upon such occasions, was 
removed. 

From Monday, August 2, until Saturday eveniiig, August 7, 
there was a series of entertainments under the charge of the Gen- 
eral Committee, of which Comrade S. W. Backus was the efficient 



324 Grand Army of the Republic. 

cliairmau, and by the local Posts of San Francisco. On the 3rd, 
there was a parade under the marshalship of Comrade Walter H. 
Holmes, and on Friday evening the members of the National En- 
campment were entertained at a grand banquet. 

During the week following the officers and members of the 
Grand Army of the Eepublic, and of the Woman's Relief Corps, 
were handsomely entertained in a number of cities and towns of 
the State, to which visits were made upon special invitations. 
Everywhere the visitors were the recipients of the most generous 
hospitality and kindly consideration and courtesy. 

The total contributions for the Entertainment Fund were : 

From the State of California, - - $25,000 00 

All other sources, _ _ - - 55,309 93 

Total, - - 80,309 93 

Expended for the Encampment, - - 74,779 07 

Surplus, - 5,530 86 

This surplus was expended by the Committee, in the erection 
of a Memorial Cottage at the Veterans Home, Yountville. 




^OtCLcetlc^ c9iit^',-c/2^ > 



CHAPTER XXV. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF LUCIUS FAIRCHILD- 
TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL SESSION, ST. LOUIS, SEPTEMBER 28, 

1887. 

Commander-in-Chief Fairchild established headquarters in 
Madison, Wisconsin, and appointed on the National staff : 

Adjutant-General, E. B. Gray, Madison. 
Quartermaster-General, John Taylor, Philadelphia. 
Judge-Advocate-General, Henry E. Taintor, Hartford. 
Inspector-General, Jacob M. Hunter, Cincinnati. 
Assistant Adjutant-General, F. W. Oakley, Madison, Wiscon- 
sin. 

General Lucius Fairchild, Commander-in-Chief, was born in 
Kent county, Ohio, December 31, 1831. His family removed to 
Madison, Wisconsin, in 1846. In 1849 he went overland to Cali- 
fornia, and remained there until 1855, when he returned to Madi- 
son. He enlisted April 16, 1861, in Company K, 1st Wisconsin 
Vols. AVas chosen Captain, and so served until he was apj)ointed 
Captain 16tli Eegiment, U. S. A., in November, 1863, from which 
regiment he obtained leave of absence to serve as Major, 2d 
Wisconsin Infantry, in which regiment he was promoted Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel and Colonel. 

In the first day's fight at Gettysburg the 2d Wisconsin per- 
formed most gallant service, and captured a large part of Archer's 
Brigade. Here Colonel Fairchild, in directing an important 
movement, had an arm so badly shattered that it had to be am- 
putated near the shoulder. 

He was promoted to be Brigadier-General, U. S. Vols., to date 
October 19, 1863. Kesigned, on account of disability, November 
2, 1863. Was elected Secretary of State of Wisconsin in 1864, and 
Governor in October, 1865, and so served for five annual terms. 

In 1872, he was appointed United States Consul to Liverpool ; 
in 1875, Consul-General to Paris ; in 1880, United States Minister 

[325] 



32r) Grand Army of the Republic. 

to Spain. He resigned December 25, 1881, and retiirned to the 
Uuited States. 

He was a charter-member of the first Post formed in Wiscon- 
sin, June 10, 18()B. He was elected Senior Vice-Commander-in- 
Chief at Cincinnati, May 12, 1809, and re-elected at Washington, 
May 11, 1870. In 1886 he was Department Commander of Wis- 
consin, but resigned that position on his election as Commander- 
in-Chief. 

General S. W. Backus, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, is a 
native of Poughkeepsie, New York. He went to California when 
a boy. In December, 1862. he returned east to join the army, 
and enlisted in the " California Battalion " of the 2d Massachu- 
setts Cavalry, December, 1862, and served two years and a half 
with that famous regiment, as Corjjoral, Sergeant and Second 
Lieutenant, in the Army of the Potomac and under General Sheri- 
dan. After the close of the war he was commissioned in a Cali- 
fornia regiment, and served with that command until 1866, having 
been in many severe Indian fights with the Modoc and other In- 
dian tribes. 

He has filled many important positions since his final muster- 
out— as a member of the California Legislature, as Adjutant- 
General of the State, and Postmaster of San Francisco. 

He became a member of the Grand Army in 1867. Has been 
twice Commander of Lincoln Post No. 1, Department of Cali- 
fornia, and was the third Department Commander. He was 
Chairman of the General and Executive Committee of Arrange- 
ments for the Twentieth Encampment, and was afterwards 
presented with a magnificent gold l)adge, set in diamonds, as a 
testimonial from his fellow-committeemen. He is engaged in 
the real estate and insurance business at Santa Barbara, Cali- 
fornia. 

Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Edgar Allan was born in 
1842, in Birmingham, England, and on December 81, 1862, secretly 
left home to come to America to join the Union Army. On ar- 
riving in New York, he at once went to Detroit, where, in June, 
1863, he enlisted in the 7th Michigan Cavalry. This regiment be- 
came a part of Custer's Brigade, and shared in every battle in 
wliich his cavalry was engaged, from Gettysburg to Appomattox. 

Comrade Allan was wounded at tli(> skirmish of Summit Point, 



Administration of Lucius Fairchild. 327 

in the valley, just before the battle of Winchester, in August, 
1864, and was left on the field. He subsequently joined his regi- 
men*", and served until the end of the war, being mustered-out on 
the 29th of July, 1865. He settled in Prince Edward county, 
Virginia, and established himself there as Attorney-at-law, and in 
spite of the fact that he had fought against the cause of those who 
were now his neighbors, he soon gained a large practice. He was 
Delegate-at-large to the Chicago National Republican Convention 
in 1868, and was elected five times Attorney for the Common- 
wealth in Prince Edward county, the last time without opposi- 
tion. 

Upon his removal to Richmond the citizens of his county, 
Democrats and Republicans alike, united in testimonials of their 
esteem and consideration. He was elected State Senator and 
served as such from 1873-1877. He is a member of Phil. Kearny 
Post No. 10, of Richmond, and was its Commander. 

Surgeon-General Ambrose S. Everett (re-elected). See Chap- 
ter XXIY. 

Colonel Edmund B. Gray, Adjutant-General, was commissioned 
Captain Company C, 4th Wisconsin Inf. Vols., April 25, 1861. 
Resigned April 10, 1862, on account of disability. On August 30, 
1862, was commissioned Major 28th AYis. Vol. Inf. Promoted 
Lieutenant-Colonel, June 16, 1863 ; Colonel, March 16, 1864, and 
was mustered-out August 23, 1865. 

He joined the Grand Army of the Republic in 1867. After- 
wards became a member of Post No. 138, Palmyra, Wisconsin. 
Is now (1888) Assistant Adjutant-General of the Department. 

Captain John Taylor, Quartermaster-General (re-appointed). 
See Chapter XXI. 

Jacob M. Hunter, Inspector-General, enlisted February 3, 1864, 
at the age of 17, as a Private in Company K, 50th N. Y. Engineers, 
and served with that regiment in the Fifth Army Corps until 
mustered-out, June 13, 1865. 

Became a member of Geo. H. Thomas Post No. 13, Cincinnati, 
in March, 1881, and has served each year as a Representative in 
the Department Encampment. Was Post Commander in 1884. 
He is engaged in business in Cincinnati. 



328 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Lieutenant Henry Ellswortli Taintor, Jndga-Advocate-General, 
enlisted as a Private in Company A, 1st Conn. Haavy Artillery, 
January 14, ISfil, and was promoted Quartermaster-Sergaant, 
Sergeant, 8ergeant-Major, and Second Lieutenant Company B. 
Was mustered-out September 25, 1865. 

He joined Nathaniel Lyon Post, No, 2, Hartford, Connecticut, 
March, 1867. AVas subsequently transferred to Post No. 22 at 
Hartford, Connecticut, and remained a member until it disbanded. 
Joined Post No. 4, located at South Manchester, Connecticut, and 
was subsequently transferred to Robert O. Tyler Post, No. 50, 
Hartford. 

Was Senior Vice-Commander, Post 50, in 1882 ; Commander, 
1883-1884 ; Assistant Adjutant-General of the Department, 1869- 
1873, and again 1882-1885 ; Judge-Advocate, 1875 ; Council of 
Administration, 1880-1881 ; Junior Vice-Commander of Depart- 
ment, 1885 ; Senior Vice-Commander, 1886 ; and Commander, 
1887. 

TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL SESSION, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, SEPTEMBER 28, 

1887. 

The National Encampment met in St. Louis on the above date> 
Commander-in-Chief Lucius Fairchild presiding. 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

E. B. Gray, Adjutant-General, Thomas J. Stewart, Pennsyl- 
vania ; John H. Thacher, Connecticut ; J. E. SteAvart, Ohio ; E. 
Henry Jenks, Pihode Island. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief Lucius Fairchild. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Edgar Allan. 
Surgeon-General Ambrose S. Everett. 
Adjutant-General E. B. Gray. 
Quartermaster-General John Taylor. 
Inspector-General Jacob M. Hunter. 
Judge-Advocate-General Henry E. Taintor. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Colorado, Frank Hunter ; Connecticut, G. W. Coy; Delaware, 
Geo. AV. King ; Florida, E. AV. Henck ; Gulf, Henry Schorten ; 




Geoup of National Officers, 1886. 



Administration of Lucius Fairchild. 329 

Illinois, E. F. Wilson ; Indiana, Courtland E, Whitsitt ; Iowa, J. 
B. Morgan ; Kansas, John W. Feighau ; Kentucky, D. O'Reilly ; 
Maine, A. M. Sawyer ; Massachusetts, John L. Otis ; Maryland, 
Geo. B. Creamer; Michigan, G. M. Devlin; Minnesota, A. Scheffer; 
Missouri, Eugene F. AVeigel ; Montana, W. F. Sanders ; Nebraska, 
James O. West; New Hampshire, James Minot ; New Jersey, Bishop 
AV. Mains ; New York, Henry E. Turner ; Ohio, D. R. Austin ; 
Oregon, Clias. L. Fay ; Pennsylvania, Samuel Harper ; Potomac, 
Solomon E. Faunce; Rhode Island, Chas. O. Ballou ; Utah, W. H, 
Nye ; Vermont, Ed. H. Trick ; Virginia, Peter Morton ; West 
Virginia, S. F. Shaw ; Wisconsin, J. L. Wheat. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Arkansas, 8 ; California, 15 ; Colorado, 8 ; Connecticut, 11 ; 
Dakota, 8 ; Delaware, 4 ; Florida, 5 ; Gulf, 3 ; Illinois, 39 ; Iowa, 
28 ; Kansas, 29 ; Kentucky, 9 ; Maine, 12 ; Massachusetts, 28 ; 
Maryland, 7 ; Michigan, 28 ; Minnesota, 16 ; Missouri 17 ; Mon- 
tana, 2 ; Nebraska, 16 ; New Hampshire, 9 ; New Jersey, 12 ; New 
Mexico, 5 ; New York, 49 ; Ohio, 45 ; Oregon, 3 ; Pennsylvania, 
48 ; Potomac, 11 ; Rhode Island, 9 ; Tennessee and Georgia, 5 ; 
Texas, 6 ; Utah, 3 ; Vermont, 12 ; Virginia, 4 ; Washington Terri- 
tory, 5 ; West Virginia, 6 ; Wisconsin, 22. Total, 37 Departments 
and 547 Department Officers and Representatives ; National Offi- 
cers, 38. Total present, 585. 

ADDRESS OF THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. 

Commander-in-Chief Lucius Fairchild, in his address, con- 
gratulated the comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic on 
the evidences of permanent and healthy growth, and on the assur- 
ance that the loyal people of the country were with them heart 
and soul, and would so continue while the Order kept strictly 
within the path of duty marked out by the founders of the organ- 
ization. 

He had devoted his whole time to the discharge of the duties 
of his office and had visited 28 of the 38 Departments. 

He referred to the Encampment for action the proposition 
of Mr. Jos. W. Drexel, of New York, to present to the Grand Army 
the cottage at Mount McGregor in which General Grant died. 

He had visited Charleston, South Carolina, to ascertain if 



330 Grand Army of the Republic. 

the Graud Army could in any way be of service to the people of 
that stricken city, and finding from personal observation that helj) 
was needed, had called on the Order for contributions. Collec- 
tions were being rajiidly made when the Mayor notified him that 
no further aid would be required. The gross sum contributed 
within a few days amounted to $7,047.33. 

HISTORIAN. 

He urged that a history of the Order should be now written by 
some comrade competent and willing to undertake the task, who 
should be encouraged by the assurance that his work was sanc- 
tioned by the Grand Army of the Republic. 

PENSIONS. 

He referred at length to the position of the National Encamp- 
ment upon the subject of pensions : 

We have been for years of one mind in considering it but simple justice that the 
United States should at least grant a pension of not less than $12 per month to all 
persons who served three months or more in the military or naval service of the 
United States, during tlie war of the rebellion, and who have been honorably dis- 
charged therefrom, and who are now, or wlxo may hereafter be, suffering from mental 
or physical disability, not the result of their own vicious habits, which incapacitates 
them for the performance of manual labor. 

Our path in this direction has been straight. We have diverged neither to the 
riglit nor to the left. We have seen before us our needy, disabled comrades, and 
shoulder to shoulder we have marched in the way where relief for them could be 
won. We will not desist now. We will not be persuaded to desert them. Because 
they are in sorrow and distress, they are a thousand times more than ever our com- 
rades. Becavise they need help, we will draw closer and closer to them. They 
shall not be the inmates of the common pauper house, nor shall their widows or their 
orphan children, if we can prevent it. 

We will continue to ask for aid until there is no wail of sorrow heard from the 
destitute and disabled veterans or their families. 

veterans' rights union. 

The members of the Veterans' Rights Union are entitled to the thanks of those in- 
terested in the welfare of ex-soldiers for their continued and successful efforts to 
as.sist such comrades as desire aid. in procuring situations, public or private, whereby 
they can earn a livelihood. 

Tlieir unselfish and kindly labors in behalf of our comrades are fully appreciated 
and I conirratulate tin ni on the marked success which has attended their efforts in the 
dircetion of the enforcement of the laws giving i)reference for public service to 
ex Union soldiers. I hope and believe they will continue the good work. 



Administration of Lucius Fairchild. 331 



WOMAN S RELIEF CORPS. 

The time has long since gone by when argument is required to demonstrate- the 
great usefulness of this Order of noble women. The zealous, thoughtful and efficient 
labors of the members have been in the pist, are now, and without doubt will con 
tiuue in the future to be the most convincing evidence that they are banded together 
for a high and holy purpose. 

That their organization has dispen5ed more tlian $50,000 in charity during the 
past year is as nothing compared with the unceasing and tender sympathy always ex- 
tended to comrades in suffering, sorrow and distress, which woman alone knows how 
to bestow. 

Let us, for these noble and unselfish services, proffer these loyal women our heart- 
felt thanks, and extend to them every encouragement in our power. 



I heartily congratulate all who have the pleasure to attend this great re-union of 
old comrades whose friendship was welded in the hot flame of battle, in the camp, on 
the march, and cemented by the love which all bore and still maintain for the Union. 
In Fraternity, Charity and Loyalty we stand, proud of the fact that there is not now, 
nor has there ever been any bitter feeling of hate for tliose of our fellow-citizens who, 
once in arms against us, but now being loyal, have long ago taken their old-tim3 
places in our hearts, never, we devoutly hope, to be removed therefrom. We have 
not now, nor have we at any time since the war closed, had any disposition to open 
again the bloody chasm which once unhappily divided this people. We not only will 
not ourselves re-open that dreadful abyss, but we will, with the loyal people. North 
and South, protest against all attempts which others may make to do so, by holding 
up, for especial honor and distinction, anything that pertains to or in any manner 
glorifies the cause of disunion. 

With the people of the South we only seek to continue the friendly rivalry long 
ago entered upon in the effort to make our beloved land great and prosperous and its 
people intelligent, happy and virtuous. 

We will rival them in exalting all that pertains to and honors this great Union and 
in condemning everything that tends to foster a hostile sentiment thereto. We will 
rival them in earnest endeavors to inculcate in the minds of all the citizens of this 
country, and especially of our children, a heartfelt love for the United States of Amer- 
ica, to the end that present and coming generations shall in every part of the land 
believe in and " Maintain true allegiance thereto, based upon a paramount respect for 
and fidelity to its constitution and laws," which will lead them to " Discountenance 
whatever tends to weaken loyalty, incites to insurrection, treason or rebellion, or in 
any manner impairs the efficiency and permanency of our free institutions," and will 
impel them " To encourage the spread of universal liberty, equal rights and justice 
to all men," and to defend these sentiments, which are quoted from the fundamental 
law of our Order, with their lives, if need be; and to the further end, that they shall 
so revere the emblems of the Union that under no circumstances can be coupled with 
them in the same honorable terms the symbols of a sentiment which is antagonistic to 
its perpetuity. 

The contemplation of the grand picture of a long ago preserved Union, a mighty 
people prospering as no people on earth ever before prospered, with a future far 
beyond that which opens to any other nation, a land, comrades, which to all its 
citizens is worth living for, and a country and government worth dying for, consti- 



332 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

tutes the greatest reward of those who have suffered aud bled and striven that such a 
spectacle mis^ht be possible. 

REPORTS OF STAFF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General E. B. Gray reported : 

Members in good standing March 31, 1886 295,337 

Gained by muster 54,942 

by transfer 6,819 

by reinstatement 24,838 

" by delinquent reports 26,598 

Total gain 113,197 

Aggregate 408,534 

Loss by death 3,406 

" by honorable discharge 2,063 

" by transfer 8,950 

" by suspeu-sion 42,428 

'■ by dishonorable discharge 415 

" by delinquent reports 30,326 

Total loss 87,588 

Members in good standing March 31, 1887 320,946 

Total number remaining suspended 23, 496 

Total number by delinquent reports 10,129 

Number of Posts reported March 31, 1886 5,765 

Number of Posts reported March 31, 1887 6,312 

Net gain in membership during the year (in good standing) 25,609 

Net gain of Posts during the year 540 

CHARITY. 

The total amount reported expended in charity, March 31, 1886, to March 31, 
1887, inclusive, is s253,934.43. Number of persons relieved 26,606; 17,607 of these 
were members of tiie Order, or the families of such ; 8,999 were either ex-soldiers, 
not members, or those dejiendent on them. 

This amount represents not more than one-half the sum actually disbursed in 
charity, the other half being bestowed informally and not reported by Posts. 

DEATH RATE. 

Quarter ending June 30, 1886 771 

September 31, 1HS6 747 

December 31, 1886 881 

March 31, 1887 1,007 

Total 3,406 



Administeation of Lucius Fairchild. 333 

It will be observeil that a fair regiment dies each quarter, and a strong brigade 
each year. 

It is quite noticeable that the death rate per 1,000 is considerably greater East than 
"West. The reason is found in the fact that the younger men enlisted in this section, 
and when the war was over, the younger of the Eastern soldiers came West. 



Adjutant-General Gray included in his report a letter from 
Comrade Frank A. Butts, Chief of Army and Navy Survivors' Divi- 
sion of the Pension Office, forwarded by direction of General Jno. 
C. Black, Commissioner of Pensio-ns, recording the work of names 
of members of the Order, and others in that department, which 
had enabled them to furnish addresses of 158,277 veterans in re- 
sponse to the requests of applicants for pensions. It was again 
requested that officers of Posts furnish the Pension Office with 
rosters of their Posts. 



Quartermaster-General John Taylor reported receipts, includ- 
ing balance of $22,135.73 previously reported, $71,894.27; dis- 
bursements, including $20,535 for purchase of $16,000 United 
States 4 per cent, bonds, $59,292.39 ; balance, cash, $12,601.88 ; 
total available assets, $33,838.24; Pensacola Fund, $1,501.95; 
Grant Fund, $8,095.12. 

Inspector-General Jacob M. Hunter presented a synopsis of 
the Inspections of 4,504 Posts during the year. The amount re- 
maining in Post Relief Funds was $354,131.57. 

Judge-Advocate-General Henry E. Taintor reported the opin- 
ions given in 36 cases submitted during the year. 

Surgeon-General Ambrose S. Everett expressed the opinion that 
the abolition of the requirements for Post Surgeons had been a 
mistake. That it was important that the Grand Army should 
have its own records of the disabilities of its members. He urged 
that a system of reports should be established, showing the work 
done in caring for destitute comrades and their families, and the 
amount of charity dispensed yearly by the Medical Department in 
visits, medicines and prescriptions. He submitted forms of re- 
ports for this purpose. 



334 Grand Army of the Republic. 

committees appointed. 

On Address of the Commander-in-Chief : — J. W. O'Neall, Ohio ; 
E. I. Kidd, AViscousin ; J. M. Hamilton, Illinois ; Samuel Harper, 
Pennsylvania ; Geo. S. Evans, Massachusetts. 

On Report of the Adjutant-General : — Thomas S. Taylor, Cali- 
fornia ; "William A. Wallace, New York ; J. W. Muffly, Iowa ; 
Solomon E. Faunce, Potomac ; Thomas B. Rodgers, Missouri. 

On Report of the Quartermaster-General : — William H. Pier- 
pont, Connecticut ; Geo. B. Arnold, Minnesota ; Brad. P. Cook, 
Nebraska ; W. W. Robacher, New York ; W. S. McNair, Dela- 
ware. 

On Report of the Judge-Advocate-General : — John L. Wheeler, 
New Jersey ; R. B. Brown, Ohio ; Philip Fisher, California ; E. 
C. Milliken, Maine ; Daniel Fish, Minnesota. 

On Report of the Inspector-General : — C. StaAvitz, Missouri ; 
E. Henry Jenks, Rhode Island ; I. N. Walker, Indiana ; James A. 
Sexton, Illinois ; Williain H. Tripp, New Hampshire. 

On the Report of the Surgeon-General : — N. M. Brooks, Poto- 
mac ; A. V. Bohn, Colorado ; A. C. Sweetser, Illinois ; S. H. 
Jumper, Dakota ; S. K. Robinson, Arkansas. 

On Rules, Regulations, and Ritual : — R. B. Beatli, Pennsyl- 
vania ; P. C. Hayes, Illinois ; M. M. Boothman, Ohio ; J. AY. Fei- 
ghau, Kansas ; J. S. Graham, New York. 

On Resolutions : — Philip Sidney Post, Illinois, Chairman ; C. 
M. Barnes, Arkansas ; W. R. Smedberg, California ; Alexander 
Gullett, Colorado ; J. M. Hubbard, Connecticut ; C. S. Palmer, 
Dakota ; A. H. Grimshaw, Delaware ; J. AV. V. R. Plummer, 
Florida ; AVilliam H. Harrison, Gulf ; Thomas W. Bennett, Indi- 
ana ; JX)\ni B. Cooke, Iowa ; A. B. Campbell, Kansas ; S. G. Hillis, 
Kentucky ; Hannibal Hamlin, Maine ; Samuel AA'eale, Massachu- 
setts ; John Bowers, Maryland ; C. V. R. Pond, Michigan ; L. A. 
Hancock, Minnesota ; Charles G. Burton, Missouri ; George W. 
Shaw, Montana ; C. E. Burmester, Nebraska ; Thomas Cogswell, 
New Hampshire ; AA'illiam B. E. Miller, New Jersey ; AA^illiam H. 
AVhiteman, New Mexico ; George H. Treadwell, New York ; A. L. 
Conger, Ohio ; E. B. McElroy, Oregon ; A. C. Reinoehl, Pennsyl- 



Administration of Lucius Fairchild. 335 

vania ; Joliu P. Church, Potomac ; George T. Cranston, Ehode 
Island ; W. A. Gage, Tennessee and Georgia ; W. D. Wylie, Texas ; 
Eli H. Murray, Utah ; Pearl D. Blodgett, Vermont ; P. T. Wood- 
fin, Virginia ; A. P. Currj, Washington Territory ; Lee Haymond, 
West Virginia ; George C. Ginty, Wisconsin. 

REPORTS FROM. COMMITTEES. 

On Address of Commander-in-Chief Lucius Fairchild : 

Your committee, to whom was referred the able aud comprehensive address of 
the Commander-in-Chief, submit the following, and ask its adoption : 

The address is so complete, the loyal and patriotic sentiments so eloquently ex- 
pressed, that little if anything remains for this committee to do or to say except to 
recommend its hearty endorsement. 

We congratutate Commander-in-Chief Fairchild and the comrades of the Grand 
Army of the Republic upon the success of an administration so happily begun on the 
golden shore of California, and now so soon to terminate in the live and enter- 
prising city of St. Louis. All of the oScial acts, and every sentiment contained in 
the address, meets the approval of yoiu* committee, and we believe with the approval 
of the comrades. 

To the discharge of the delicate and assiduous duties of the liigh office, so deserv- 
edly bestowed by the Twentieth National Encampm_^ut, Comrade Fairchild brought 
rare tact and talent. He has fearlessly and faithfully discharged every duty, always 
having in view the best interests of the Grand Army of the Republic. He has 
given his whole time and attention, which was far more than the comrades had a 
right to ask or expect 

As a token of the appreciation of the comrades of the Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic, of the wisdom and fidelity with which he has discharged the perplexing and im- 
portant duties of Commander-in-Chief, we respectfully recommend that the Council 
of Administration cause a proper testimonial to be prepared and presented to Com- 
mander in-Chief Fairchild in the name and on behalf of all of the comrades of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. 

The committee desire to specially express their approval of General Orders Nos. 
12 and 13, as shown with the documents submitted as a part of the report of the 
Commander in-Chief , and heartily commend and endorse the action of the Com- 
mander-in-Chief and the Council of Administration upon the subject-matter which 
called forth General Orders Nos. 12 and 13, believing, as we do, that it is entirely 
improper, and contrary to the rules of the Order, for Posts to express themselves by 
official action at the request of persons outside the Grand Army of the Republic upon 
any subjects or questions, unless officially authorized or requested so to do through 
the regular official channels of the organization. 

ON HI8TOBIAN. 

We cordially endorse what i. said as to the necessity for a reliable and complete 
History of the Grand Army of the Republic. The work has already been longer de- 
layed than it should have been, and the sooner it is undertaken the more satisfactory 
it will be when accomplished. The committee report with much pleasure that they 



33B Grand Army of the Republic. 

have been inforined that the recommondation of the Commander-in-Chief has been, to 
some extent, anticipated by Past Commander-in-Chief Robert B. Beath, who has al- 
ready devoted considerable time to the subject and collected a large amount of ma- 
terial, with tlie intention of preparing, at afs early a day as possible, a work that will 
do honor to our chL-rished Order. We feel justified in saying that Comrade Beath 
possesses the knowledge and the ability neces-sary to compl te such a work, and a de- 
votion to the Grand Army that will make it as perfect as it is jiossible to make it; and 
that in all respects he comes fully up to the requirements so forcibly suggested by the 
Commander-in-Chief. As the work can be safely left in such hands, we consider it 
unnecessary at this time for the Encampment to select any one as the Historian of 
the Order. 

We commend to the Encampment for approval the suggestion that the General 
Government include in the next decennial census an enumeration of the Union sol- 
chers and sailors of the late war of the rebellion who may be living in 1890. 

Believing that the recommendation touching the lo-ation of the National Head- 
quarters at some central point for a number of years is fea.'-ible, we recommend to the 
National Encampment the careful consideration of this subject, and suggest that it be 
referred to the incoming Commander-in-Chief and National Council of Administra^ 
tion, with a rcciuest to report at the next National Encampment. 

The generosity of Comrade Jos. K. Davison, in the matter of the pajTnent of 
the costs of the procurement of a patent for the badge of our Order, deserves the 
recognition given by the Commander-in-Chief and the thanks of this National En- 
campment. 

The report of the committee was adopted, unanimously, by a 
rising vote. 

On Report of Adjutant-General E. B. Gray : 

In the matter of reports, your committee desire to call attention to the " loss by 
delinquent reports." There is no excuse for the negligence of Po.st officers in this 
matter; their duty is clear and simple. The suggestions of the Adjutant-General in a 
circular letter to the Assistant Adjutants-General of the diiTerent Departments, that 
" reports be made by Post oOiccrs at the last meeting of thi; quarter, when all officers 
should be present, their signatures obtained and reports forwarded at once," are judi 
ciousand business-like; it is recommended in cases of delinquent Po4s, that the As- 
sistant Adjutant-General should notify at least a portion of the members of said Posts 
of the disregard of their olUcers to the obligations which they assumed at installation, 
by failure to report in accordance with the Rules and RLgulations, thereby jeopardiz- 
ing their membership in the Order. 

We heartily concur in the suggestion of the Adjutant General, " that some com- 
rade be induced to undertake the preparation of a historj^ of our Order." 

In closing, we wish to l)(;ar testimony to the promptness, energy, and signal 
ability sliown by Comrade Gray in the administration of his important ollice. The 
results of his excellent bu.siness methods will prove a permanent benefit to the org.n- 
ization. 

On the Report of Quartermaster-General John Taylor : 

The committee find the same to be correct, and would commend the concise and 
basiness-like manner in which the various tables are prejjared for our inspection. 



Administration of Lucius Fairchild. 337 

We note with gratiflcatioa the increase in the various funds. 

The rules of tlie National Encampment require that all requisitions for supplies 
must be accompanied by cash ; we recommend the rigid enforcement of this rule. 

On Report of Surgeon-General A. S. Everett : 

Your committee find that Comrade Everett has given to the duties of his office, 
during the past year, an unusual amount of labor and study, covering all the de- 
tails of the Medical Department of the Grand Army of the Republic, from the duties 
of Post Surgeon to those of Surgeon-General, and his report evinces an interest in 
having the medical records complete, which entitles him to the thanks of the com- 
rades. 

Your committee, not being medical men, do not feel competent to express such 
an opinion as the case seems to call for, respecting the forms of the records he pro- 
poses, and they therefore recommend that said forms of records and reports be re- 
ferred to the incoming Surgeon General, with power to adopt the same and put them 
into use, in case he concurs in the views expressed by Surgeon General Everett ; or 
to modify them in such manner as in his judgment may seem for the best interests of 
the Grand Army of the Republic, and to protect from aspersion the military medical 
records of our comrades. 

On Report of Judge-Advocate-General H. E. Taintor : 

The committee have carefully considered the thirty six decisions embraced in the 
report, and we commend it to the great comradeship which has bc^en so faithfully 
served by Comrade Henry E. Taintor, as a model of excellence and a careful exposi- 
tion of the laws of the Grand Army. His devotion to our Order in the past warranted 
the confidence of his chief, as signified in his appointment to the responsible place 
of Judge-Advocate-General, and his unselfish service challenges the gratitude of us 
all. We recommend the approval of the several opinions as reported to this En- 
campment. 

On report of Inspector-General J. M. Hunter : 

Your committee recommend the adoption of the several recommendations of the 
Inspector-General, which will provide: 

1st. For the appointment of a special committee to revise and simplify the work 
of the Ritual. 

2d. To prevent the inspection of Posts by one of its own members. 

3d. The adoption of the form of inspection as submitted by the Department of 
Massachusetts. 

4th. For retiring Department Inspectors to make inspections and reports to the 
Inspector General before they are relieved from their duties as Department In- 
spectors. 

5th. Changes in the Post Adjutant's reports and recapitulation of Assistant Adju- 
tant-General's report as submitted. 



ON RULES, REGULATIONS, AND RITUAL. 

The committee reported favorably on the proposition for an 
engraved certificate of membership ; for the incorporation of the 
22 



338 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

flag-ribbon of tlie membership badge on official badges ; to sub- 
stitute " ship-mates " for " comrades " in Posts composed of mem- 
bers who had served in the Navy ; also, " that the members of the 
Grand Arm}' of the Ilepublic are strictly forbidden to use the 
badge of the Order or the letters G. A. R. as a sign or advertise- 
ment for any private business whatsoever ; " and adversely, upon 
the proposition to unseat Past Department Commanders as mem- 
bers of Department Encampments and of the National Encamp- 
ment. 

The report was adopted. 

MONUMENT TO GENERAL LOGAN. 

Comrade H. H. Thomas, Illinois, presented a resolution for 
the ajDpointment of a special committee to co-operate with the 
8tate of Illinois in building a monument in memory of Past 
Commander-in-Chief John A. Logan. 

Committee appointed : — R. A. Alger, Michigan ; S. S. Burdett, 
Potomac ; H. H. Thomas, Illinois ; J. C. Robinson, New York ; J. 
A. Beaver, Pennsylvania ; Hannibal Hamlin, Maine ; Charles D. 
Nash, Massachusetts. 

They reported : 

The National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Repuhlic, assembled in its 
twenty-first annual session, at St. Louis, Missouri, recalling the fact that since its last 
meeting more than three thousand of the comrades of the Order have paid the last 
debt of nature, and among them their always beloved comrade and former leader and 
Comniander-in-(-'hief, Major-General .John A. Logan, and desiring in special manner 
to record their liigh estimate of his skill and valor as a soldier, of his abilities and 
faithful services as a statesman, of tlie purity and beauty of his private and iiome life, 
of the signal services he rendered his comrades wliile Commander-in-Chief of the 
Grand Anny of the Republic, and of the unfaltering and vehement patriotism, which 
was a cliief element of his character, therefore 

KjhoItcx and Bcdarcx, That in common with his fellow-citizens in general, the 
members of tlie Grand Army of the Republic deplore his death as a public ca- 
lamity. 

That among the millions wlio from private life entered the military .service of the 
Union and were si)ared until jxaee came with victory, he was rightfully accorded the 
high disliuction of being " the Chief of the Volunteers." 

That as a statesman he w^as sagacious, painstaking, clear in his comprehension of 
the needs of his country, vehement in defending and promoting her interests and her 
honor, and the relentless foe of waste and corruption, whether i)ul)lic or private. We 
e.specially remember that it was his pride and pleasure to give his best .services to for- 
warding in the National Congress the just demands of his soldier comrades. 

That the Grand Army of tiie Republic is indebted to his administration of its affairs 



Administration of Lucius Fairchild. 339 

for the establishment, in everlasting memory of its sacred dead, of that new feast 
which we call " Memorial Day; " that it is also indebted to him for those measures 
and incentives which prevented the threatened entrance into our Order of political 
purpose and propagandism, and against all temptation has maintained its freedom 
from them to the present hour. 

That to his widow, Mrs. Mary S. Logan, whose devotion lo the interests of the 
Grand Army of the Republic is well known and here acknowledged, are extended our 
most sincere sympathies in her bereavement. 

That a page in the Journal of this Encampment be set apart for an engraved por- 
trait of Comrade Logan, to be executed under the direction of the present Com- 
mander-in-Chief and Adjutant-General, at the cost of the National Encampment, and 
that a copy of such Journal, specially bound, be presented to Mrs. Logan. 

The resolutions were unanimously adopted by a rising vote. 



The committee further reported the following, which was 
adopted : 

Your committee, to whom was referred the matter of co-operating with the trus- 
tees appointed by the Legislature of the State of Illinois, at its last session, to erect 
in one of the parks of Chicago a monument to tliat illustrious comrade and statesman, 
Major-General John A. Logan, and to whom also has been referred the resolutions 
of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, adopted at its annual meeting held in 
the city of Detroit, on the 14th and 15th insts., ashing that the Grand Army of the 
Republic co-operate with said Society in erecting a suitable monument at the Nation's 
Capital in honor of that great Comrade, beg leave to submit the following: 

We do not deem it wise at this time to ask the Grand Army to aid in erecting two 
monuments to General Logan, much as we would wish to do so, fearing that the 
double undertaking would weaken, if not defeat, both. And inasmuch as the great 
State of Illinois has so nobly begun the work in Chicago, and nothing has as yet been 
done towards the statue in "Washington, we believe it wise to use all our own energies 
in erecting the latter. 

We therefore, believing every comrade in the United States will wish to join in this 
work, recommend that the Grand Army, through its several Departments and Posts, 
be earnestly requested to at once raise the small sum of ten cents from each of its 
members for said object, and that a permanent committee of five be appointed by this 
body, with power to fill vacancies, whose duty it shall be to co-operate with the com- 
mittee of five appointed by said Society of the Army of the Tennessee, to carry on 
and complete the work of erecting the statue in Washington. We recommend that 
all sums so collected shall be transmitted through Department and National Head- 
quarters to said committee with a roster of all the names of comrades who shall con- 
tribute to said fund, that the latter may be preserved in the archives of the society 
having in charge this noble work. 

Should any Department, comrade or other person desire to contribute a larger 
sum than the amount herein specified, we recommend that such contribution be re- 
ceived. 

We suggest that the permanent committee so appointed be required to report its 
work to the National Encampment annually. 



340 Grand Army of the Republic. 



DEATH OF COMRADE GEORCxE H. PATCH. 

Comrade James Tuuuer presented the following minute, which 
was nuanimously adopted : 

The Grand Army of the Republic, in National Encampment assembled, in living 
memory and with saddened hearts inscribes upon the pages of its proceedings this 
testimonial to tlie many virtues of Comrade George H. Patch, late Commander of 
the Department of ]\Iassacliusetts. A year ago, and many times before, he sat with 
us in council. We counted confidently and joyfully upon meeting him again here. 
Suddenly, without note of warning, the end of all things eartlily came to liim and he 
was miistered-out, and now from the busy affairs of the hour we turn to record the 
sigh of our hearts. 

"Oh! for the touch of a vanished hand, 
And tlie sound of a voice that is still." 

A lad of seventeen years of age, the roar of Sumter's guns had hardly died out 
when he was found, on July 36th, 1861, clad in tlie uniform of his country. The re- 
cital of his subsequent experience for three years would embody a roll-call of every 
battle of the 19th Massachusetts, 3d Brigade, 2d Division, Hancock's Corps. Of a 
truth he kept step to the music of the Union. 

Returning to the scenes of his youth at the close of the conflict, he modestly but 
with dignity bore the great honor he felt was justly his as one of those hundreds of 
thousands who simply fought. 

An earnest, devoted and most succes.sful worker in the ranks of our noble Order, 
our comrades of Massachusetts honored themselves by placing over that noble heart 
the badge of their leadership. His work for our Order in all New England speaks 
for itself. Better has not been done. 

On the 26th of July, 1887 — the twenty-sixth anniversary of his enlistment — the end 
came, and the bosom of that old Bay State, which he loved so well and served so loy- 
ally, opened and gave sepulchre to his mortal remains. 

There lies entombed a representative soldier of the ranks, one of the noblest of our 
Order. Green be his memory forever. 

A resolution of sympathy with Past Senior Vice-Commander- 
in-Chief Edward Jardine, then seriously ill at his home, was 
tinauimoitsly adopted. 

COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS. 

The principal Resolutions submitted from the Committee 
Avere : 

1. That it is the sentiment of this Encampment that the United States Govern- 
ment should furnish to each lionorably discharged soldier, sailor or marine, on appli- 
cation by liiinself or through an agent, his medical record as fcmnd in the archives of 
the Surgcoii-General's office at Washington. That this resolution be properly brought 
to the attention of Congress by the Pension Committee of tliis Encampment, and 
proper urgency he brought to bear for Die enactment of a law to the above effect. 



Administeation of Lucius Fairchild. 341 

3. On the resolution presented by Department-Comman,!er Charles D. Nash, of 
Massachusetts, relating to slate tablets as suitable memorial stones to mark the last 
resting places of our departed comrades, merits the endorsement of the Encampment. 
It reads : 

Resolved, That the National Encampment be requested to inquire into the merits of 
some more suitable and appropriate material to mark the last resting places of our 
departed comrades than the marble tablets now furnished by the Government, and 
we recommend the slate tablets of the Highland Slate Company, of Boston, Massa- 
chusetts, and the product of the Williams Slate Company, of Maine, as being better 
adapted, from their greater durability, and resistance to atmospheric changes, than 
the material now furnished by the Government, to mark the last resting places of 
our departed comrades. 

3. Resolved, That it is the sense of this Encampment that there should be a place 
set apart by law, at the capital of the Nation, where all captured flags and other 
trophies of war shall be preserved and displayed. We therefore request Congress 
to make such provision, and recommend Pension Hall as a suitable place for such 
purpose. 

4. That a pension should be given to regularly enrolled women nurses. 

5. Resolved, That we regret the action of tlie Sons of Veterans, in some instances, 
of calling their local organizations " Posts," and appropriating to each other the fra- 
ternal name of "Comra^fes," believing that the.se terms should remain exclusive fea- 
tures of the Grand Army of the Republic. 



Upon the communication from the Woman's Belief Corps, 
namely : 

St. Louis. Sept. 28th, 1887. 

The Fifth National Convention Woman's Relief Corps, Auxiliary to the Grand 
Army of the Republic, representing thirty-two States and Territories, and a member- 
ship of 49,590, with 1,848 subordinate Corps, send greeting to the Twenty-first Nation- 
al Encampment, Grand Army of the Republic, and renew their allegiance to the 
Grand Army of the Republic. For the year ending June 30th, 1887, they have ex- 
pended $37,700 in local charity, and turned over $18,406 to the Posts, and have a re- 
serve relief fund of $36,990.72. They have ministered to the sick, cared for the des- 
titute, provided homes for friendless widows and orphans of the Union veterans, and 
have aided in maintaining and adorning Soldiers' Homes and Soldiers' Orphans' 
Homes, in the several Departments whenever called upon so to do. 

The Woman's Relief Corps ask that the Grand Army communicate to them their 
requests in whatever department of work in which loyal hearts and helpful hands 
may be needed. And with charity for all, malice toward none, the work will be 
promptlj^ and cheerfully done. 

ELIZABETH D'ARCY KINNE, 

NELLIE G. BACKUS, Nat. Sec'y. National President. 

The committee recommend that this National Encampment most heartily endorse 
in every respect our Auxiliary organization, the Woman's Relief Corps. The aid 
and assistance rendered by this noble body of women to our comrades and their 
families when sick or needy, can n'jver be forgotten, and your committee feel that 



34:2 Grand Army of the Republic. 

this Eiicamiimcnt cannot tind words too strong to sufficiently express its entire ap- 
preciation and approval of the good work done by the Woman's Relief Corps since 
its organization. 

Tlie following in regard to Mormonism was non-concurred in 
by the Encampment, for the reason that its discussion would be 
foreign to the work and objects of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public : 

Besolved, That the Grand Army of the Republic now, as in the past, views with 
detestation the determined purposes of the polygamous leaders of the Mormon ma- 
jority of Utah to continue the nuUitncation of National laws. And we warn Congress 
and the country against the pending attempt to enlarge the powers of fugitives from 
justice by creating a State out of that Territory; which, if successful, would be re- 
warding treason for continued insult to the flag and nullification of wholesome laws; 
place in the Union a theocratic State antagonistic to good order and the welfare of the 
nation, and an enemy to the cherished principles of free government. All of which is 
at variance with every sacred principle of our Order. 

PENSIONS. 

The committee reported adversely to the proposition for ser- 
vice pensions. A minority report favoring that measure was pre- 
sented, and after an extended debate the majority report was 
adopted ; 318 ayes, 173 nays. 



PENSION COMMITTEE. 

The Committee on Pensions submitted a report of their 
work : 

In our last annual report we stated that Bill 1,886, which embodied many of the 
important recommendations of this committee which had not already become law, 
had passed the Senate and was pending in the House. Following the last En- 
campment, in response to our appeal, thousands of petitions were sent lo Congress 
from the Posts and members of the Grand Army and others, in favor of the passage 
of tlie before mentioned hill. 

The Pension Committee of the House, however, in a spirit of undue conserv- 
atism, reported, in place of Bill 1,886, a new bill, less liberal in its provisions, and 
far less desirable than that which had met tlie approval of this committee. Ap- 
peals by our friends to permit amendments to this bill were in vain, and it was passed 
as presented by the Hou.se Committee, and became generally known as the "De- 
pendent Pension Bill." 

Your committee were in session in Washington during tliis discussion, and imme- 
diately held conferences with prominent members of both Hou.ses, whose symi)atliy 
with the veterans is unquestioned. The bill was far from comprising .such a liberal- 
ization of the pension laws as we had asked in j'our name; but it was then near the 



Administration of Lucius Fairchild. 343 

close of the session, with an immense amount of important public business pressing 
for consideration. The bill would at least have removed from the public pauper 
houses of the land 12,000 veterans ; provided for fully as many more dependent upon 
private charity, making these comrades of ours pensioners instead of paupers, and it 
established a principle then recognized by no general pension law, and now existing 
only in the act in behalf of the survivors of the war with Mexico, that a pension 
might be granted for present need or disability, without absolute proof that such dis- 
ability arose from service in the war against rebellion, and could be traced in un- 
broken continuance through the intervening quarter of a ceiitury. For these reasons 
your committee, at a hearing courteously granted by the Senate Committee on Pen- 
sions, urged that the bill be passed by the Senate without change. The Committee 
unanimously so voted, the bill was reported the same day, and a few days later was 
passed. Almost at the same hour, just previous, a bill embodying a like principle, 
but far more liberal in scope, had been passed in favor of the veterans of the war 
against Mexico, including in its provisions even those who. in our later struggle, had 
taken up arms on the side of rebellion. This bill met the approval of the President 
of the United States, and we were fairly stunned when from the same hand came a 
veto of the measure of like principle, but infinitesimal in degree, for the veterans of 
the war against treason. 

Your committee, with the earnest endorsement of the Commander in-Chief , ap- 
pealed to the Posts of the country for an expression of opinion upon that veto, for the 
information of Congress. The reply was prompt, vigorous and almost unanimous. 
With an emphasis creditable to their soldierly instincts, the three hundred thousand 
members of the Grand Army of the Republic gave reply that there was neither fair 
fulfillment of the promises of the Nation, loyal remembrance of the sacrifices upon 
the altar of the Union, nor a grateful recognition of patriotic service, in a veto 
that doomed 35,000 veterans of the late war to remain public paupers, instead of 
becoming deserving pensioners. Although receiving a large majority, the bill 
failed to secure the two-thirds vote necessary to its passage over the veto. Disap- 
pointed, but not disheartened, your committee at once took up the work for a fresh 
contest. 

Pending final action by Congress upon the vetoed bill, the assertion was made by 
the opponents of such legislation that there had been no general expression of the 
veterans in favor of the provisions of the bill, and even the bold claim was made 
that the best sentiment of the soldiers and sailors was opposed thereto. Your com- 
mittee thereupon prepared a new Pension Bill, embodying in a degree all of the 
general recommendations before made by it, except such as had already become law, 
and the several provisions which it was deemed best to separately present. 

(A copy of the proposed bill was appended, pages 167-169, Journal, 1887.) 

The bill is similar, in general principles, to that vetoed ; but the objectionable 
"pauper" clause is omitted, making this a disability, not a dependent bill. 

This bill, by direction of the Commander-in-Chief, and accompanied by an official 
circular, was submitted to all of the Posts of the country, with an invited expression 
of opinion thereon; the result shows that whatever other legislation soma comrades 
desire, the Grand Army of the Republic is practically unanimous for everything con- 
tained in this bill. Whatever more in the line of pension legislation is desirable, and 
your committee consider this bill far short of what should be granted, we know from 
the experience of five years, that any additional legislation is only to be secured inch 
by inch after persistent effort, and we believe that the suggested bill, with other 
measures heretofore proposed by this committee, with your endorsement, includes the 



844 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

most urgent and pressing demands, and that other and broader measures should at 
least wait until these have been secured. 

Your committee, therefore, recommend the continuance of earnest effort in favor 
of the followinLTi 

The bill prepared by this committee, granting pensions to all veterans now dis- 
abled or in need ; to mothers and fathers from date of dependence; continuance of 
pension to widows in their own right and an increase for minor children. 

All of the recommendations for increase and equalization of pensions for special 
disabilities made in his recent report by Pension Commissioner Black. 

A pension of 813 per month to all widows of honorably discharged soldiers and 
sailors of the late war. 

Increased pensions for the severer disabilities, substantially as presented in the bill 
prepared by the United States Maimed Veterans' League. 

Pensions for tlie survivors of rebel prisons, substantially as presented in the bill 
of the National Association of Prisoners of War. 

Increased jiensions for loss of hearing or eyesight. 

A re-enactment of the arrear law. 

An equitable equalization of bounties. 

The same pension for the widow of the representative volunteer soldier of the 
Union Army— John A. Logan— as is paid to the widows of those typical regulars, 
Thomas, the Rock of Chickamauga, and Hancock, Always the Superb. 

Geo. S. Merrill, 
Louis Wagner, 
James Tanner, 
John S. Kountz, 
John C. Linehan 

Committee. 

The report was adopted. 

The following resolution was adopted : 

i2esoZ»<?fZ, That the zeal and wisdom displayed by the members of the National 
Pension Committee entitle them to our warm thanks and praise. Though they have 
encountered in their years of service, difficulties and obstacles of no co-iimoii order, 
they have increaseil, rather than diminished, their earnestness in behalf of their com- 
rades. No men could hive labored more diligently and wisely than they have, or 
secured more success, and they are entitled to the gratitude of every veteran and 
friend of the veteran. 

A resolution was adopted asking Congress to increase the 
pensions of those who have lost both arms or both legs to $150 
per mouth. 

GENERAL RESOLUTIONS. 

Kesolutions were adopted pledging the support and co-opera- 
tion of the (irand Army of the Hepublic to the " Maumee Valley 



Administkation of Lucius Fairchild. 345 

Monumental Association " in its effort for an appropriation by 
Congress for the purchase, improvement, and memorialization of 
the old forts and battlefields of the Maumee Valley, and the proper 
protection and adornment of the burial grounds of the dead sol- 
diers of the Indian wars and the war of 1812-1815, at those places 
and at " Put-iu-Bay Island." 

The following was unanimously adopted : 

That the thanks of this Encampment are hereby tendered our comrades of the 
Department of Missouri, and especiall}' to the comrades, officers and citizens of St. 
Louis, for the warm-hearted and generous hospitality tendered to the members of this 
Encampment, and the comrades of the Order from all parts of the Union. We shall 
bear with us to our homes the pleasant memories of our stay among the patriotic and 
liberal people of the great city by the Father of Waters. 

That the hearty thanks of the National Encampment be, and they are hereby, 
tendered to Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief S. W. Backus, Junior Vice-Commader- 
in-Chief Edgar Allan, Chapluin-in-Chief T. C. Warner, Surgeon-General Ambrose S. 
Everett, Adjutant-Geuieral E. B. Gray, Quartermaster-General Jno. Taylor, Judge- 
Advocate-General H. E. Taiutor, Inspector-General Jacob M. Hunter, for the able and 
impartial discharge of their duties. 

Comrade Joseph W. Kay, of New York, offered the following 
resolution, and it was adopted : 

Whereas, Chapter 1, Article II, Rules and Regulations, provides that one of the 
objects of the Grand Army of the Republic shall be "to assist such former comrades 
in arms as need help and ]irotection," in which is included assistance to them in their 
right to preference and retention in public employment in City. State and Nation, 
now, or that hereafter may be guaranteed by law; and 

Whereas, The Nineteenth National Encampment voted to sustain the principle 
involved, and the same was reiterated at the Twentieth National Encampment, there- 
fore be it 

Resolved, That the Council of Administration of the Grand Army of the Republc, 
to be selected, be, and they are hereby, made a Special Committee on the subject- 
matter of the recommendation of the Nineteenth National Encampment, in the re- 
spective Departments, and they are charged to act under the direction of the National 
and Department Officers, Grand Army of the Republic, in securing to veterans pro- 
tection in their every right to public employment and retention therein. 

LAND FOR A SOLDIERs' HOME. 

A committee consisting of Ira J. Chase, Indiana ; H. W. Pond, 
Kansas ; C. H. Grosvenor, Ohio ; E. B. McElroy, Oregon ; P. T. 
Woodfin, Virginia, and M. D. Hamilton, California, was appointed 
to consider a proposition for a donation of land for a Soldiers' 
Home near San Diego, California, and reported that they unani- 



346 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

mouslj recommeud the acceptance of the proposition, and that 
Comrade M. D. Hamilton, Senior Vice-Commander of the De- 
partment of California, be elected as trustee to represent this 
Encampment. 

BADGE OF THIRTEENTH ARMY CORPS. 

The following was concurred in by the Encampment : 

Wheueas, The Thirteenth Army Corps while in service did not adopt a Corps' 
mark; 

Resolved, That the members of that Corps assembled in St. Louis, Missouri, Sep- 
tember 27th, 1887, having, in accordance with General Orders No. 14, from National 
Headquarters, approved the following described design, it is hereby adopted as the 
mark of the Fifteenth Army Corps, viz. : 

A canteen suspended within a horizontal ellipse, with General Grant's bust in re- 
lief on the front and the letters U. S. on reverse. 

Elias Fraunfelter, 130th Ohio Infantry, Chairman, 
Wm. H. Heath, 18th Illinois Infantry, 
Jno. C. Bonnell, 19th Iowa Infantry, 

Committee. 
ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following were elected for the ensuing year : 

Commander-in-Chief, John P. Rea, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 

Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, Nelson Cole, St. Louis, Mis- 
souri. 

Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, John C. Linehan, Penacook, 
New Hampshire. 

Surgeon-General, Florence Donohue, Washington, D. C. 

Chaplain-in-Chief, Edward Anderson, Norwalk, Connecticut. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Arkansas, W. G. Akers ; California, A. W. Barrett ; Colorado, 
Cecil A. Deane ; Connecticut, Morgan G. Bulkley ; Dakota, B. F. 
Campbell ; Delaware, G. AY. King ; Florida, William James ; 
Gulf, Henry Schorten ; Hlinois, R. F. Wilson ; Indiana, Irvin 
Bol)bius ; Iowa, Geo. A. Newman; Kansas, J. D. Barker.; Ken- 
tucky, M. Minton ; Maine, F. A. Motley ; Massachusetts, Benj. S. 
Lovell ; Maryland, S. L. Stockbridge ; Michigan, Russell A. 
Alger ; Minnesota, J. H. Drake, ; Missouri, Chas. G. Burton ; 



Administration of Lucius Faiechild. 347 

Montana, P. E. Dolman ; Nebraska, T. S. Clarkson ; New Hamp- 
shire, Geo. E. Hogden; New Jersey, Bishop W, Mains; New Mex- 
ico, James H. Purely ; New York, Jacob Scheider ; Ohio, F. C. 
Deitz ; Oregon, O. Summers ; Pennsylvania, William McClel- 
land ; Potomac, Jno. C. S. Burger ; Rhode Island, Thos. W. Coy ; 
Tennessee and Georgia, W. J. Ramage ; Texas, Geo. H. Knight ; 
Utah, T. C. Bailey ; Vermont, Chas. E. Graves ; Virginia, J. B. 
H. Goff ; Washington Territory, C. M. Holton ; West Virginia, 
R. S. Northcott ; Wisconsin, Geo. C. Ginty. 

UNOFFICIAL PROCEEDINGS. 

Commander-in-Chief Fairchild was presented by the members 
of his staff with a magnificent gold badge thickly studded with 
diamonds. A fine gold Avatch and chain, the watch with an en- 
graved and enameled 7th Army Corps badge, were presented to 
Adjutant-General Gray. Comrade John H. Cook, Aide-de-Camp, 
made the presentation addresses on behalf of the donors. 

The programme arranged by the Citizens' Committee of St. 
Louis, acting in co-operation with the Committee of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, for the entertainment of the 21st National 
Encampment, was upon a scale of unsurpassed liberality. One 
hundred thousand dollars was contributed by the business men of 
the city. 

The decorations, illuminations, arches and other devices were 
on a scale never before undertaken in this country. 

Among the many notable decorations were four large cathedral 
glass transparencies, two of them showing excellent likenesses of 
General Grant on horseback, and two of Abraham Lincoln, life 
size. These, after the Encampment, were prepared as settings 
for memorial windows, and presented by the committee to the 
National Soldiers' Homes at Dayton, Milwaukee, Hampton and 
Leavenworth. 

Details from every Post in the city were on duty for reception 
and escort purposes. The organizations and comrades arriving 
were most cordially received. 

The Parade was organized in ten divisions, under General D. 
P. Grier, Marshal, and 75,000 men would have been in line but 
for the rain that fell in torrents almost continually from the be- 
ginning to the close of the Encamj^ment. 

The Parade which was arranged for September 27th, was post- 



318 Grand Army of the Republic. 

poned uutil the 28tli, with the hope of having a fair day ; and on 
that day, notwithstanding a pouring rain, the Parade formed at 
10 o'clock, with 25,000 veterans in line ; perhaps one-half of this 
number marched over the whole route and were reviewed from the 
grand stand by Commander-in-chief Fairchild. 

Each Post in the city had a hall engaged, and entertained 
comrades with conspicuous hospitality throughout the whole 
week. 

Too much praise cannot be given to the citizens of St. Louis 
and the several organizations of the Order for their unbounded 
and continued hospitalities. 

A reception was held at the Chamber of Commerce on Tues- 
day evening, September 27, presided over by the Mayor, assisted 
by many leading citizens. An eloquent address by Mayor D. R. 
Francis was appropriately responded to by Commander-in-Chief 
Lucius Fairchild, by General W. T. Sherman, and other mem- 
bers of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

The reception by the Woman's Relief Corps of St. Louis, on 
September 29, to their kindred associations, was particijjated in 
by a large number of the Grand Army of the Republic, and was a 
very elegant affair. 

The excursions planned by the committee Avere, by reason of 
the rain, for the most part not carried out ; but one to Spring- 
field, Illinois, a visit to Lincoln's tomb, and some upon the river 
by steamer, were participated in. 

The exhibition of the products of California, at the Armory, 
attracted large crowds during the whole week. They gave a re- 
ception and banquet very creditable to their State, which was at- 
tended by thousands. 

On the 30th, the Citizens' Committee tendered to the officers, 
and delegates to the Encampment, a grand banquet, which exem- 
plified in the highest degree the magnificent hospitality of the 
city. In elegance of detail, splendid service, and profuse liberal- 
ity, it has never been excelled. The speeches Avere of a high 
order of eloquence, a fitting finale to a most enjoyable evening. 



1 




J,\li'=^-(H^ 




CHAPTER XXVI. 

ADMINISTRATION OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF JOHN P. REA— 

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL SESSION, COLUMBUS, OHIO, 

SEPTEMBER 12, 1888. 

Commander-in-Chief John P. Eea established headquarters in 
Minneapolis, Minnesota, with the following staff : 

Adjutant-General, Daniel Fish, Minnesota. 
Quartermaster-General, John Taylor, Pennsylvania. 
Inspector-General, Ira M. Hedges, New York. 
Judge-Advocate-General, Wheelock G. Veazey, Vermont. 
Assistant Adjutant-General, Robert Stratton, Minnesota, 

Major John Patterson Rea, Commander-in-Chief, was born in 
Chester county, Pennsylvania, October 13, 1840. He resided at 
his birthplace until September, 1860, when he removed to Miami 
county, Ohio, and there taught school until April 17, 1861, when 
he enlisted in the 11th Ohio Infantry, a three months regiment. 
On August 20 he re-enlisted in Company I, 1st Ohio Cavalry. He 
was commissioned Second Lieutenant on the 23d of September, 
1861, and for gallant and meritorious service was j)romoted First 
Lieutenant March 12, 1862, and Major November 23, 1863, on ac- 
count of gallant service at Cleveland, Tennessee. Major Rea 
served with his regiment continuously in the Army of the Cum- 
berland until November 24, 1864, when he was obliged to resign on 
account of ill health. During his term of enlistment he was absent 
from his command but seven days, when he was held as a prisoner 
of war. 

After his retirement from the army he entered the Ohio Wes- 
leyan University, and graduated in June, 1867. He returned to 
Pennsylvania, where he studied law with O. J. Dickey, the partner 
of Hon. Thaddeus Stevens, and in 1869 was admitted to the bar. 

In April, 1869, Major Rea was appointed Assessor of Internal 
Revenue for the Ninth District of Pennsylvania, and held this po- 
sition until May, 1873, when the office was abolished. He resumed 
the practice of law, and continued it until January 1, 1876, when he 

[349J 



850 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

removed to Minneapolis and took editorial charge of tlie Tribune 
of that place, in which position he remained until May 1, 1877, 
when he again took up the practice of law. In November, 1877, 
he was elected Probate Judge of Hennepin county, and was re- 
elected for two years in November, 1879. He refused a renomina- 
tion in 1881, and continued in the practice of law until April, 
1886, when he was appointed District Judge to fill a vacancy. In 
November of the same year he was unanimously elected for six 
years to the same office, which position he now holds. He joined 
the Grand Army of the Eepublic at Piqua, Ohio, in December, 
1866, He was a charter member of Post 81, Lancaster, and repre- 
sented the Post in several Department Encampments prior to his 
removal to Minneapolis. In 1881-82 he served as Senior Vice- 
Commander Department of Minnesota, and as Department Com- 
mander, 1883. Was Senior Yice-Commauder-in-Chief, 1881. 

Colonel Nelson Cole, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, was 
born in Dutchess county. New York, November 18, 1833. Located 
in St. Louis in 1856. On the first call for troops he organized a 
company and was commissioned Captain, and on April 27, 1861, 
reported with his company to General Lyon. He was actively en- 
gaged in the measures taken to prevent St. Louis falling into rebel 
hands, and on an expedition to Southeast Missouri was credited 
with the capture of the first rebel flag taken in action. 

Before the expiration of the three months term he was mus- 
tered for the three years service in the 1st Mo. Vol. Inf., Colonel 
Frank P. Blair, and served under General Lyon in Southwest Mis- 
souri, being severely wounded at Wilson's Creek. 

The regiment was reorganized as the 1st Mo. Light Art., and 
Captain Cole served with it until 1862, when he was appointed 
Chief of Artillery and Ordnance to General J. M. Schotield, and 
was afterwards Chief of Artillery, Department of Missouri. Pro- 
moted Major, August, 1863, Lieutenant-Colonel, October, 1863, Col- 
onel, February 15, 1864. In the fall of 1861, as Chief of Staff to 
General A. Pleasanton, participated in the movements against Gen- 
eral Sterling Price in Missouri. In May, 1865, was assigned to 
duty against the Northern Sioux and other Indians in the north- 
west, and at Powder river his command signally defeated them. 
He was mustered-out November 27, 1865. 

Was a member of the Grand Army of the llepublic on its or- 
ganization in 1866, and on the reorganization was mustered in 




Group of National Officers, 1887. 



Administeation of John P. Eea. £51 

Frank P. Blair Post, No. 1, and served in a number of positions in 
that Post. Served two terms as Department Commander. 

John C. Linehan, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, was born 
in Ireland in 1840, and caime to the United States in 1849'', locating 
in Concord, New Hampshire. Enlisted as a musician in 3d N. H. 
Yols., August 16, 1861, and was mustered-out September 3, 1862. 

Was mustered in the Grand Army of the Republic in Novem- 
ber, 1874, served as Commander of Post 31, Penacook, and held a 
number of positions in the Department and on the National Staff. 
Department Commander of New Hampshire, 1881 and 1882. Pres- 
ident of New Hampshire Veterans' Association, 1885, 1886. 

Has served in both branches of the City Councils ; is a Trustee 
of the State Industrial School, and a member of the Executive 
Council of the State. 

Dr. Florence Donohue, Surgeon-General, was born in Kenmare, 
Ireland, December 15, 1842, and came to this country when ten 
years of age. On November 26, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, 
105th N. y., afterwards consolidated with the 94th. He served at 
the front with his regiment from Cedar Mountain to Mine Run. In 
March, 1864, he was ordered to Washington for duty in the Adju- 
tant-General's Department. Here he entered the University of 
Georgetown as a medical student, and was duly graduated from 
that institution. He has been in active practice since 1872. 

Joined Lincoln Post No. 4, AVashington, in 1874, and has been 
Post Surgeon since that time. For eight years, past he has been 
Medical Director, Department of the Potomac. Is Surgeon of the 
" Old Guard," a veteran military organization. 

Rev. Edward Anderson, Chaplain-in-Chief, served as Chaplain 
37th 111. Inf., September 8, 1861, to April 25, 1862. Appointed, by 
Governor Morton, Commandant 9tli District Indiana and of Camps 
of Instruction, September 25, 1863, and there organized three 
regiments. Commissioned Colonel 12th Ind. Cavalry, February 
21, 1864, and commanded a Brigade in Wilson's Cavalry Corps. 
Commanded Sub-District Grenada, Mississippi, August 19, 1865. 
Mustered-out November 10, 1865, Chaplain 16th Regiment Ohio 
N. G., October 29, 1881. Brigade Chaplain, 1884 ; resigned on re- 
moval to Cincinnati. Chaplain Loyal Legion, Commandery of 
New York, 1886, 1887. 



352 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Organized a Post at Lake City, Minnesota, in 1867. After- 
wards joined Forsyth Post at Toledo, Ohio. AVas Commander of 
Post No. 451, Cohimbiis, until removal to Norwalk, Connecticut, 
where he is noAV (1888) stationed as Pastor of First Congre- 
gational Church. Chaplain Department of Connecticut, Grand 
Army of the Republic, 1886, 1887. 

Daniel Fish, Adjutant-General, was born in Cherry Valley, Il- 
linois, January 31, 18-48; worked on a farm until January 4, 1864, 
when he enlisted in Co. G, 45th 111. Infantry. Served in the cam- 
paign to Atlanta, and was there taken ill and was sent back to Nash- 
ville. On recovery he was appointed Sergeant in a Provisional 
Division made up of troops belonging to the Armies of the Ten- 
nessee and Cumberland. After the defeat of Hood he went with the 
23d Corps to North Carolina. Participated in the Grand Review at 
Washington, and was mustered-out July 20, 1865. He studied law, 
and w^as admitted to the bar in 1871. In 1872 located in Minneso- 
ta. AVas Probate Judge in 1876, 1877 and 1879. In 1880 moved to 
Minneapolis. Joined Post 4, Minneapolis, in 1883, was afterwards 
transferred to Post 126, and served as its Commander. "Was 
Assistant Adjutant-General of the Department 1886, 1887. 

Ira M. Hedges, Inspector-General, was born in Haverstraw, 
New York, July 31, 1839, and was studying for admission to the 
bar when the rebellion commenced. He enlisted in the 95th N. Y. 
Vols., and served with that regiment during the war, in the Army 
of the Potomac. 

After his discharge he entered into business in Haverstraw, and 
in 1870 was elected President of the Bank of Haverstraw, Avhich 
position he still holds (1888), and in addition carries on a large 
l)rick-making business. In 1880 he became a charter member of 
the Post at Haverstraw, and was elected its Commander. He 
was Commander of the Department of New York in 1884. 

Colonel AVheelock G. Veazey, Judge-Advocate-General, was 
elected Captain (^o. A, 3d Vermont Inf., May 21, 1861. Promoted 
Major in August, and later Lieutenant-Colonel. Promoted, 
September, 1832, Colonel 16th Vermont, which became part of 
Stannard's Brigade, and with it participated in the repulse of Pick- 
et's and AVilcox's Divisions at Gettysburg. Mustered-out with 
the regiment August 10, 1863. 



Administration of John P. Eea. 353 

Was elected Reporter of the Supreme Court in 1864, and held 
that position eight years. Has been Judge of the Supreme Court 
of Vermont since 1876. 

Charter member of Post 14, Rutland, November 11, 1868, and 
served four terms as Post Commander. Was Department Com- 
mander 1871, 1872. 

TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL SESSION. 

The National Encampment met in Columbus, Ohio, Septem- 
ber 12, 1888 ; Commander-in-Chief John P. Rea presiding. 

COMMITTEE ON CREDENTIALS. 

Adjutant-General Daniel Fish ; H. P. Thompson, Illinois ; A. 
C. Monroe, Massachusetts ; Thos. C. Taylor, California ; Geo. C. 
Ginty, Wisconsin. 

OFFICERS PRESENT. 

Commander-in-Chief John P. Rea. 
Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief Nelson Cole. 
Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Jno. C. Linehau. 
Chaplain-in-Chief Edward Anderson. 
Surgeon-General Florence Donohue. 
Adjutant-General Daniel Fish, 
Quartermaster-General John Taylor. 
Judge-Advocate-General Wheelock G. Veazey. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Dakota, B. F. Campbell ; Delaware, George W. King ; Illinois, 
R. F. Wilson ; Iowa, George A. Newman ; Kansas, J. D. Parker ; 
Kentucky, M. Minton ; Massachusetts, Benjamin S. Lovell ; Mich- 
igan, Russell A. Alger ; Minnesota, L. B. Bennett ; Missouri, 
Charles G. Burton ; Montana, Peter R. Dolman ; Nebraska, T. 
S. Clarkson ; New Jersey, Bishop W. Mains ; New Mexico, James 
H. Purdy ; Ohio, Fred. C. Dietz ; Oregon, O. Summers ; Pennsyl- 
vania, William McClelland ; Potomac, John C. S. Burger ; Rhode 
Island, Thomas W. Coy; Texas, George A. Knight; Virginia, 
John B. H. Goff ; West Virginia, Robert S. Northcott ; Wiscon- 
sin, George C. Ginty. 
33 



35 i Grand Army of the Republic. 

DEPARTMENTS REPRESENTED. 

Arkansas, 4 ; California, 11 ; Coloriitlo, 10 ; Connecticut, 10 ; 
Dakota, 8 ; Delaware, 6 ; Florida, 7 ; Illinois, 42 ; Indiana, 31 ; 
Iowa, 26 ; Kansas, 26 ; Kentucky, 10 ; Louisiana and Mississippi, 

I ; Maine, 9 ; Maryland, 7 ; Massachusetts, 28 ; Michigan, 28 ; 
Minnesota, 14 ; Missouri, 20 ; Montana, 2 ; Nebraska, 18 ; New 
Hampshire, 10 ; New Jersey, 8 ; New Mexico, 3 ; New York, 49 ; 
Ohio, 52 ; Oregon, 1 ; Pennsylvania, 51 ; Potomac, 12 ; Rhode 
Island, 8 ; Tennessee and Georgia, 7 ; Texas, 7 ; Utah, 4 ; Ver- 
mont, 11 ; Virginia, 7 ; Washington Territory, 3 ; West Virginia, 

II ; Wisconsin, 23. Departments, 38 ; Department Officers and 
Representatives and Past Department Officers, 585 ; National 
Officers, 32. Total, 617. 

ADDRESS OF COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF JOHN P. REA. 

A century ago, a little band of heroic men, fresh from the struggle for Indepen- 
dence, in which the political rights and moral grandeur of American manhood were 
vindicated, crossed the mountain range which theretofore had marked the western 
boundary of that narrow belt of our continental settlement which stretched along 
the winding slope of the sea, penetrated the solitude of the wilderness of the Missis- 
sippi Valley, and founded on the western bank of the " beautiful river " a settlement 
which in the order of Providence became the germ from which developed the Imperial 
Commonwealth, la whose capital city we meet to day in this Twenty-second National 
Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic. They were home-fostering. God- 
fearing, liberty-loving, self-sacrificing, chivalric men. They counted the cost of 
every step they took, and took every step that was right regardless of cost. Poor in 
material resources, but rich in mental and moral endowment, they foundid deep down 
on tiie granite ledge of individual independence and eternal right, this great commu- 
nity which furnished for the defense of the Republic they had helped to create, wh:n 
the time of its peril came, an army of three hundred and twenty thousand men, and 
gave that Republic and the world Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, McPherson, Rose- 
crans, Buell, Garfield, Steedman, McCook, Custer, Crook and many others, of kingly, 
deathless, matchless fame ; all born, reared and inspired amid the quiet of its forest 
liomes, and under the influence of its bold, progressive thought to be the peerless 
command( r.s of tlie Annies of Freedom, in her final conflict on this continent. 

The royal welcome we receive here comes from the heart of a <yeat people, which 
beats to-d:iy as it did a (luarter of a century ago, in sensitive, truthful, loving fidelity 
to the citizen soldiery of the Republic 



Full detailed statements of the workings of our organization and of its finances 
for the official year will be found in the reports submitted by the several staff 
officers, all of wliich are commended to the careful perusal and candid consideration 
of the Encampment. 



Administration of John P. Eea. 355 



MEMBERSHIP. 

On March 31st, 1887, the total membership of our Order iu good standing was 
320,936; on March 31st. 1888, it was 354,216, making a net gain of comrades in good 
standing during the year embraced within those dates of 33,280, an excess of 7,681 
over the net gain of the previous year. It is but due to my distinguished predecessor 
to say that more than half the net gain of the last official year was made during' the 
first half of the year, which was included within his term of office. 

The reports for the quarter ending June 30th, show a gain by muster-of 13,622, 
and a total membership in good standing of 361,362, with a loss from delinquent re- 
ports of 6,663, all of whom, it may be assumed, are in good standing in their respec- 
tive Posts. Omitting the loss from delinquent reports the net gain during last quarter 
was 14,109. The reports show that on June 30th there were 395,245 comrades borne 
on the rolls, to which may safely be added a sufficient number out on transfer cards 
to swell the grand total to 400,000. 

Although the growth of our Order has been gratifying, Bnd our "aggregate mem- 
bership is large, there are still fully one-half the living honorably discharged soldiers 
and sailors not upon our rolls. This is not from want of sympathy with us, but 
largely from the fact that iu the western Departments, especially in Kansas, Ne- 
braska, Minnesota and Dakota, which great communities have been chiefly populated 
by the survivors of the Union army and navy, they are scattered out upon their 
homesteads, remote from towns, with little ready money, and intent upon the grand 
work of providing homes for themselves and their children. They cherish out on 
the prairies the hallowed memories of the past, and iu their hearts are true G. A. R. 
men, although their names are not upon our rolls. As their years increase they are 
flocking to our standard, and it is a reasonable prophecy that the time will come in 
our history when the Department of Kansas will equal in numbers the great Depart- 
ments of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York. Sure it is that her prairies teem with 
a soldier population to justify such hope. Within the Departments I have named 
the future work of recruiting must chiefly be done. 

Notwithstanding the unusual political excitement which prevails throughout the 
country, and the well-known fact that our ranks are full of active, earnest supporters 
of the men and measures of the several political parties, not a single violation of Art. 
XI, Chap. 5, of our Rules and Regulations, has been brought to my attention. Our 
Order is compos?d of thoughtful, patriotic men, each anxious to discharge the full 
measure of his duty as a citizen, according to his best judgment as to what his duty 
is. Fidelity to convictions begets respect for the like personal quality in others. The 
loyalty of comrades to the noble objects and sacred mission of our fraternity need not 
be and is not affected or its usefulness impaired by honest differences of opinion upon 
questions of governmental policy. 

The use of the design of our badge for a cheap political campaign device has 
justly occasioned much indignation among ths comrades in all sections. "While un- 
able, by legal process, to prevent this attempt to degrade our non-partisan medal of 
honor, we can, and should by resolution, protest most earnestly and emphatically 
against it. No comrade who respects his fraternal vow, and no citizen other than a 
comrade, who respects himself, would wear this base imitation; but it seems that the 
action of this Encampment is necessary to quicken that sense of propriety inherent in 
all true Americans which appears for the time to have been comatose iu a few ill-ad 
vised and inconsiderate persons. 



356 Grand Army of the Republic. 

PENSIONS. 

The Committee on Pensions will submit a report of its labors. I desire to bear 
testimouy to the untiring zeal of its members, and their unselfish devotion to the duty 
imposed upon tiicm. All tliat could be done they have manfully done. They have 
failed, but the blame lies elsewhere, not witli them. 

The bill reported by the committee to the Twenty-first National Encampment, 
and by it recommended, while not so far-reaching in its provisions as to meet the de 
mand of a large minority of the comrades, was yet so eminently just, so absolutely 
free from all objection resting upon reason, that there seemed no possibility of its 
failing to receive prompt and favorable action from the National Congress. No man 
or set of men can be found anywhere who will say that the relief it was framed to 
give should not be given. It exceeds in no particular the Nation's promises in the 
past or the wishes of the Nation in the present. Notwitlistanding the ceaseless, earn- 
est efforts of our most efficient Pension Committee in its behalf, it has failed to pass 
Congress, and by this failure, wholly inexplicable and indefensible, thousands of our 
helpless comrades, helpless because of their devotion to their country in its extremity, 
are subsisting upon the charity of their comrades, or are paupers in the mighty, 
wealthy republic their unselfish valor saved. It cannot be that the people of America 
will volimtarily continue longer to withhold from these heroic men that scanty support 
needed to preserve them from the pauper's fate and enable them to end their lives 
so replete with past glory, so full of present pain, so bereft of future hope, in self- 
respected manliness. 

Let our action be of a manly, dignified character, worthy the men and the cause 
we represent, and justly exemplifying that comradeship which is the tie that binds 
us together. No measure receiving the endorsement of this Encampment, followed 
by the earnest, hearty support of our entire membership, will fail to receive favor- 
able consideration from the National Congress. Through this body, and this alone, 
our Order must speak, or speak in discordant tones. 

It is not to be expected that all will agree upon any measure proposed, but when, 
after discussion and deliberation, the majority have decided on a measure, all should 
yield and give it their support. It is only by .so doing that the Grand Army of the 
Republic can w'uAd the influence in aid of needy comrades that the Nation is ready 
to accord it, but which it has not exerted in the past. 

woman's remef coups. 

I have had occasion during the year to observe the workings of the Woman's Re- 
lief Corps, and have no hesitation in bearing testimony to the great aid given our 
Posts by the efficient .services of that auxiliary organization. Its officers have been 
prudent, energetic and loyal to the Grand Army of the Republic and its sacred 
trust. 

SONS OF VETERANS. 

It will be but a short perioil until our ranks are so meagre, and the surviving 

comrades so weighed down with the burden of years, that our organization will have 

ceased tf) be an active force in the works of loyal love and eharity which it has or- 

.daincd. The tender ceremonies of Memorial Day will then be performed by others 

' or not iit all. It seems to me that it would be th- part of wisdom for us while yet in 

our vigor to establish such relationship between our Order and the Sons of Veterans 



Administration of John P, Rea. 357 

as to properly recognize that organization. The young men composing it feel a just 
pride in the deeds of their fathers, and moved by filial love have settled their diffi- 
culties and are anxious for recognition from us. I would" recommend the appoint- 
ment of a committee to report to the Twenty-third National Encampment a plan 
defining and establishing such relations with that Order as the character of its mem- 
bership, its aims and objects, and its natural affinity to the Grand Army of the Re- 
public seem to demand. I have every reason to believe that all objectionable features 
now characterizing that Order and standing in the way of such recognition will 
gladly be removed upon our request. 

GENERAL SHERIDAN. 

One of the sad events of the year was the death of Comrade Philip H. Sheridan, 
General of the United States Army, a member of Post No. 5, Department of Illinois. 
He died in the prime of his perfect manhood, ending a career that can suffer no dis- 
paragement by comparison with that of any other in human history. All gentleness 
in his nature, he was yet the dashing, heroic master of modern warfare. An edu- 
cated soldier, he was nevertheless the trusted, considerate and appreciating com- 
mander of volunteers. He never erred in judgment; never faltered in purpose; 
never failed in courage. His unselfishness was only equalled by his greatness of 
character. Living, he placed a true estimate upon the men he had commanded, and 
in death he sought the companionship of those who had followed and loved him. 
He sleeps to-day amid that army corps of immortal heroes in their bivouac of glory at 
Arlington, and will come forth with them, and surrounded by them, when the re- 
veille of eternity is sounded. 

HISTORY. 

Past Commander in-Chief Robert B. Beath, of Pennsylvania, acting upon the 
recommendation of the Twenty-first National Encampment, and after the most ex- 
haustive research for material, has prepared, and has now isi press, a perfect and 
complete history of our organization from its beginning. Comrade Beath brought to 
this work special and unique qualifications. His official connection with our Order 
began with its life. No other member of our Order, living or dead, participated 
more largely in the events which he has recorded, or made more than did he of the 
history he has written. From a careful perusal of the advance sheets of the work, I 
can with confidence assure this Encampment that his forthcoming history has not 
only been prepared with great labor and a conscientious adherence to the truth, 
but is authentic and complete in every detail, and will not only meet all just ex- 
pectations, but will be a history worthy of the Grand Army of the Republic, which 
has occupied so important a place in the annals of the last quarter of a century of 
our Republic. 

ARMY AND NAVY SURVIVORS' DIVISION. 

I would call special attention to that portion of the report of the Adjutant-General 
which refers to the Army and Navy Survivors' Division of the United States Pension 
Office. The practical benefits resulting from that division are incalculable, and it is 
to be hoped that, through the instrumentality of Departments and Posts, its records 
may, within a short period, be made complete. 

I desire to make grateful acknowledgment of the assistance rendered me by the 
comrades associated with me in the administration of your affairs. 



358 Grand AR>rY of the Bepublic. 

By referring to the report of the Judge-Advocate-General, j'ou will find a full 
statement of the action taken in regard to the gift of the Grant cottage, witii respect 
to which I would reeomm'end tiiat my successor be authorized to carry out the scheme 
which was susjiended by the death of Mr. Drexel, in case such be the disposition of 
his executors or heirs. 

MEMOUIAL, DAY. 

Memorial Day, with its tender and beautiful ceremonies, was generally and 
fittingly observed throughout the entire country. 

CONCLUSION. 

I have visited twenty-four Departments, some of them several times, have made 
one hundred and twenty-two public addresses, and to the utmost tension of my phys- 
ical strength and mental ability have striven to discharge the duties of the high office 
with which you have honored me, in such manner that no stain would come upon the 
burnished fame of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

Wherever I have gone, north or south, east or west, I have received a kindly 
greeting and a cordial welcome, most gratifying, because it came spontaneously as an 
evidence of the high regard of the people of this Republic for the survivors of the 
army and navy which conquered treason, cemented the Union, and established upon 
a basis of universal equality the grandest nation of the earth. In all sections of the 
country I have found the comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic, in commu- 
nity and in State, occupying the highest positions, enjoying the full confidence of 
their fellow-citizens, and living manly lives w^orthy the earnest they gave of fidelity 
and loyalty in the terrific conflict through which they passed in their j'outh. 

Comrades, we will soon pass through the dark valley, over the river, and pitch 
our tents within the ,shadow of the dim unknown, but behind us as a monument of 
achievement will remain the ocean-bound American Republic, the only true republic 
the world has ever known, within whose borders there is no peasant, no sorf, no 
slave, only men and women living in the consciousness of the true nobility of man- 
hood and of womanhood. Acro.ss this continent, from the rock-bound coast on 
"which beat the waves of the Atlantic, over mountain and valley for thirty five hun- 
dred miles, to where the calm Pacific beats on California's golden strand, there is 
to-day a great unbroken level of happy American homes, in which live the repre- 
sentatives of all races, of all nationalities, of all civilizations; and all are gathered 
around the altar of one common country, in the brotherhood of universal free- 
dom. Over all the starry banner under which we fought, and whose folds we em- 
blazoned with the names of the proudest victories humanity ever won, waves as 
the ensign of that government which is the realized hope of the great and good 
of all the ages. AVhen within our borders hundreds of nullions shall live the 
home life of American freemen, and around their hearths the story of your deeds 
shall !)• told, those teeming millions will still have but one flag, one country, one 
destiny. 

REPORTS OF OFFICERS. 

Adjutant-General Daniel Fish presented the statistics of mem- 
"bership by D(^partineuts. The followiiifj; is a recapitulation of the 
returns for the year ending March 31, 1888 : 



Administration of John P. Piea. 359 

Members in good standing March 31, 1887 320,936 

Gained by muster 53,695 

transfer 8,483 

reinstatement 24,843 

Gained from delinquent reports 28,830 

Total gain 115,851 

Aggregate 436,987 

Lost by death 4,433 

" honorable discharge 2,297 

" transfer. 10,281 

suspension . 36,883 

dishonorable discharge 332 

delinquent reports ... 28,545 

Total loss 82,771 

Members in good standing March 31, 1888 354,216 

Net gain in membership in good standing 33,280 

" " Posts reporting 472 

" chartered Posts 393 

Members remaining suspended 35,828 

Members lost in last quarter by delinquent reports 5,922 

Total in suspension 31,750 

Members in good standing 354,216 

Total memljership 385,966 

QUARTER ENDING JUNE 30, 1888. 

Returns have been received from all departments but one, giving the gains and 
losses to June 30, 1888, showing: 

In good standing March 31 354,216 

Gain in good standing June quarter 7,446 

Total in good standing 861,663 

Lost in June quarter by delinquent reports 6,663 

Remaining suspended .... 26.920 

Total in suspension 33,583 

Aggregate on the rolls 395,245 

Assuming that 4,755 comrades vrere out on transfer cards (a very moderate esti- 
mate), the total membership of the Grand Army of the Republic on June 30, 1888, 
was a round four hundred thousand. 



DEPARTMENTS. 

Idaho was organized as a Permanent Department January 11, 1888, and Arizona 
on January 17, 1888. 

These Departments are taken from the former jurisdictions of California and 



360 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

Utah. That part of the Indian Territory occupied by the Choctaw, Cherokee and 
Chickasaw nations has l)een detached from the Department of Texas and annexed to 
that of Arkansas, and the name of the Department of the Gulf changed to Louisiana 
and Mississippi. 

CHARITY. 

The amount of money expended by the Posts of each Department as reported to 
this oflice, aggregating 8=315,97.5.19, is shown by the following table. Every comrade 
knows how inadequately these figures represent the actual money contriljutions of 
the members of our Order to the relief of the needy, and how impossible it is to sym- 
b:)iiz(.' in any form the help and cheer which results from the benevolent features of 
our work. It will be observed that the amount thus reported falls short of the aggre- 
gate returned last year by nearly 1380,000. The establishment of Soldiers' Homes 
and systems of State relief, and the extension of the pension roll, all so largely due to 
the efforts of the Grand Army of the Republic, have sensibly reduced the demand for 
Individual and Post contributions. 



EXPENDED FOR RELIEF, YEAR ENDING MARCH 31, 1888. 

Arizona $360 65 Montana $656 80 

Arkansas.. 289 45 Nebraska. 1,635 85 

California 3,995 57 New Hampshire 3,606 53 

Colorado 1,760 74 New Jersey ... 8,240 64 

Connecticut 8,127 95 New Mexico 18 15 

Dakota 319 39 New York 38,177 78 

Delaware 64136 Ohio 13,13173 

Florida 170 46 Oregon 492 63 

Gulf (La. and .Aliss.) .... 296 30 Pennsylvania 29 240 83 

Idaho 158 70 Potomac 1,334 11 

Illinois 12 752 50 Rhode Island 2,450 66 

Indiana.... 6 44169 Tennessee and Gorgia. 310 43 

Iowa ... 4,566 85 Texas 175 50 

Kansas 6,675 70 Utah 307 18 

Kentucky 404 46 Vermont 1,162 76 

Maine 5,636 18 Virginia 508 99 

Massachusetts 43.875 43 Wasliington Territory. . . 178 05 

Maryland 670 40 West Virginia 693 68 

Michigan 5,884 79 Wisconsin 4,190 33 

Minnesota 1.998 84 

Missouri 4,536 19 Total $315,975 19 

This sub.stantial sum was distributed to comrades and their dependents to the 
number of 15,103, and to other persons numbering 8,707; a grand total of 33,810 per- 
sons pecuniarily assisted. 



REPORT OF QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL JOHN TAYLOR. 

Qujirtfrmiistpr-Geiieral Taylor reported in detail the receipts 
aud di.sbur.semeut.s of the year : 



Administration of John P. Kea. 361 



ABSTRACT. 

Cash balance on hand August 31, 1887 $12,601 88 

Transferred from Pensacola Fund 1,501 95 

Received from sale of supplies, as per abstract, 27,031 47 

•' " per capita tax 8,138 08 

" " interest on United States bonds, 640 00 

deposits 225 63 

" " charter fees. Departments of Ar- 
izona and Idaho 40 00 

Total to be accoimted for |50,179 01 

Expenditures, as per abstracts : 

Travelling expenses $4,32194 

Incidentals, postage, freight, salaries, 

printing, &c 10,701 33 

$15,023 27 

Purchase of supplies, as per abstract 20,930 50 

Total expenditures $35,953 77 

Balance cash on hand August 31, 1888 $14,225 24 

Due by departments 1,910 63 

United States bonds, market value 20,480 04 

Supplies 1,364 08 

Total assets 37,979 99 

Grant Monument Fund $9,235 49 



Judge-Advocate-General Wlieelock G. Yeazey, in addition to 
the opinions given on nine cases submitted to liim by the Com- 
mander-in-Chief, also reported on the status of the proposed gift 
by the late Jos. W. Drexel, of New York, of the cottage at Mt. 
McGregor, in which General Grant died. 

A bill had been prepared under which the cottage would be 
held by an Association for the Grand Army of the Republic, which 
had passed the Legislature of New York, and was in the hands of 
the Governor when Mr. Drexel died. Owing to this no further 
steps had been taken in the matter. 

REPORT OF THE INSPECTOR-GENIERAL. 

Inspector-General Ira M. Hedges presented in print the re- 
port of Inspections of the Departments. 

Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief Linehan presented in print 
a report of his official work during the year. 

Chaplain-in-Chief Edward Anderson in his report suggested 



362 Grand Army of the Republic. 

that efforts shoiilcl be made to secure comprehensive reports of 
Memorial Day services. 

The Sons of Veterans reported to him that 751 Camps liad 
taken part in the hist services, having 1;"),589 members in line, 
and that ll,o70 members had attended the Sunday services in 
chnrches. 

Surgeon-General Florence Donohue reported the results of 
his efforts to stimulate the officers of his department to more 
systematic work than heretofore, and said that the positions of 
Post Surgeon or Medical Directors should not be sought for by 
any one not entirely willing and thoroughly able to render med- 
ical and surgical aid to our poor and sick comrades when neces- 
sary. 

The reports of destitution aud sickness tliat I have received is simply appalling, 
and I am exceedingly gratified that tl'e present Medical Directors have so promptly 
and efficiently aided in carrying out my plans. 

COMMITTEES APPOINTED. 

On Address of Commander-in-Chief : — Josiah Given, Iowa ; 
L. G. Rutherford, Michigan ; Theo. W. Bean, Pennsylvania ; Fred. 
E. Smith, Vermont ; C. G. Edwards, Minnesota. 

On Rules and Regulations : — Samuel Harper, Pennsylvania ; 
H. G. Rogers, Wisconsin ; John J. Healy, Illinois ; J. H. Thacher, 
Connecticut ; C. F. Manderson, Nebraska. 

On Report of the Adjutant-General : — E. B. Gray, Wisconsin ; 
John Cameron, Potomac ; O. H. Coulter, Kansas ; William Todd, 
New York ; Josiah Holbrook, Ohio. 

On Reports of Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Junior Vice- 
Commander-in-Chief, Chaplain-in-Chief aiid Surgeon-General : — 
Charles T. Clark, Ohio ; Alonzo Williams, Rhode Island ; Charles 
W. Filer, Connecticut ; Bernard Kelly, Kansas ; S. E. Faunce, 
Potomac. 

On Report of Quartermaster-General Taylor : — E. C. Milliken, 
Maine ; J. N. Terrell, New Jersey ; Thos. Helms, Texas ; E. S. 
Miller, Dakota ; Thos. F. Lang, Maryland. 

On Report of Inspector-General Hedges : — T. G. Fowler, 
Illinois ; I. N. Walker, Indiana ; W. H. Harton, Kentucky ; C. H. 
Hubbard, California ; E. Henry Jenks, Rhode Island. 



Administration of John P. Rea. 363 

On Keport of Judge- Advocate-General Veazej : — R. B. Brown, 
Oliio ; L. E. Griffith, New York ; S. E. Fannce, Potomac ; J. H. 
Gonlding, Yermont ; AY. N. Eaton, Yirginia. 

On Resolutions : — A. C. Reinoelil, Pennsylvania, Chairman ; 
Arizona, A. L. Grow ; Arkansas, S. K. Robinson ; California, 
B. O. Carr ; Colorado, Thos. A. MacMorris ; Connecticut, Wm. 
H. Pierpont ; Dakota, Geo. B. Winship ; Delaware, Alex. Bur- 
leigh ; Florida, J. T. Talbott ; Illinois, Philij) S. Post ; Indiana, 
David N. Foster ; Iowa, John S. Woolson ; Kansas, R. W. 
Blue ; Kentucky, O. A. Reynolds ; Louisiana and Mississip- 
pi, Jacob Gray ; Maine, A. M. Sawyer ; Maryland, G. W. F. 
"\"ernon ; Massachusetts, S. M. Weale ; Michigan, John Atkin- 
son ; Minnesota, L. W. Collins ; Missouri, James G. Butler ; Mon- 
tana, James H. Mills ; Nebraska, A. H. Church ; New Hampshire, 
J. H. French ; New Jersey, W. W. Larkiu ; New Mexico, J, H. 
Purdy ; New York, Warner Miller ; Ohio, A. L. Conger ; Poto- 
mac, William Gibson ; Rhode Island, S. W. K. Allen ; Tennessee 
and Georgia, Frank Seaman ; Texas, J. C. Bigger ; Utah, Elijah 
Sells ; Yermont, A. B. Yalentine ; Yirginia, H. De B. Clay ; Wash- 
ington Territory, D, B. Kimball ; West Yirginia, Anthony Smith ; 
Wisconsin, M. Griffin. 

PRESENTATION TO COMRADE FAIRCHILD. 

In accordance with the action of the previous Encampment, 
a committee consisting of Louis Wagner, Pennsylvania ; J. L. 
Bennett, Illinois ; E. F. Weigel, Missouri ; H. E. Turner, New 
York ; Jno. L. AVheeler, New Jersey, had been appointed to pro- 
cure and present to Past Commander-in-Chief Lucius Fairchild a 
testimonial of the respect and esteem of the Grand Army of the 
Republic. In accordance therewith, the Committee had painted 
by John C. Sergeant, of Boston, a life-size oil portrait of Com- 
rade Fairchild, which was at this time presented to him by Com- 
rade Wagner, Chairman of the Committee. 

EEPORTS OF COMMITTEES. 

On Address of Commander-in-Chief Rea : 

The Commander-in-Chief's address, though brief and concise, treats so fully upon 
all the subjects requiring mention as to leave nothing to be added. The subjects 
mentioned are so forcibly and ably discussed and the recommendations made so 
manifestly proper that the address should k-ave the unanimous approval of the En- 
campmeat. 



364 Gran*d Army of the Republic. 

The patriotic sentiments so eloquently expressed, the deserved "words of praise to 
the people of Ohio, and the expression of thanks for the generous hospitality we are 
enjoying, will find a ready response from the members of the Encampment. 

The recommendation of the Commander-in-Chief in reference to the gift of the 
Grant cottage, meets with the hearty approval of your committee. 

"We con'iratulate the Grand Army of the Republic upon the eminently successful 
administration of its affaiivs by Commander-in-Chief John P. Rea ; and we recom- 
mend that the Council of Administration procure and in the name and on behalf of the 
members of the Grand Army of the Republic present to Comrade Rea a suitable 
testimonial of their hearty appreciation and cordial approval of his administration. 

His efforts for the advancement of the Grand Army of the Republic have been 
ceaseless and untiring, prompted by no other motive than to place the organization 
in the position of that of the grandest in history. 

The suggestions of the Conmiander-in-Chief pointing to the fact that ere long 
" the tender ceremonies of ]\Iemorial Day will be performed by others or not at all,'' 
in the judgment of your committee emphasizes the propriety of carrying out the 
recommendation of the Commander-in-Chief for the appointment of a committee to 
report to the next Encampment a plan defining and establishing our relation with 
the Sons of Veterans. 

Tlie report was unanimously adopted. 

On Report of Adjutant-General Fish : — The Committee to 
which was referred the report of the Adjutant-General respect- 
fully submit the following : 

The increa.se in membership in the Order is gratifying. The total membership, 
385,966, borne \ipon the rolls March 31, 1888, is, measured by the experience tables 
of life insurance experts, one-half of the .survivors of the war of the rebellion. 

The discussion of Reports and Consolidated Returns is recommended to the care- 
ful attention of every one of th" forty As-;istant-Adjutants-General of the Order. 
Such reports might have been helpful in the ])ast, but the}^ have long since ceased to 
have any important meaning, and it is to be hoped that the last clauses of Sec. 2, 
Article 2, Chapter V, Rules and Regulations, will never again be put in force by 
National lleadciuarters. 

The committee desire to emphasize what is said concerning Headquarters furni- 
ture and records. 

The practice of allowing property and records of our Order lo follow the Com- 
mander-in-Chief around the country is wasteful, imbusiuess-like, and should cease. 

We call the attention of all Department Commanders to the necessity of i)repar- 
ing and certifying to National Headquarters the roster of their successors in oflice. 

In conclusion, after careful consideration of the repoit of the Adjut.nnt-General, 
the committee recommend its adoption, and commend Adjutant-General Fish upon 
the clear and concise manner in which he has set forth the wurk of his office during 
the past prosperous year. 

The Committee on Reports of the Junior Yice-Commander- 
in-Chief John C. Liuehan, Chaplain-in-Chief Edward Anderson, 
and Surgeon-General Florence Donohue, heartily commended 
these ofiicers for their work during the year. 



Administeation op John P. Eea. 365 

The Committee on Report of the Quartermaster-General com- 
mended the zeal and fidelity of Comrade Taylor in discharging 
the duties of his office. 

The Committee on Rejjort of Judge-Advocate-General Yeazey 
reported, approving the opinions rendered, and recommended 
that the matter of the Drexel Cottage at Mount McGregor be re- 
ferred to a committee consisting of the Commander-in-Chief, the 
Department Commander of New York, and Comrade Wheelock 
G. Veazey. 

The Committee on Report of Inspector-General Hedges favored 
the adoption of the recommendations made in his report. 

ON RULES AND REGULATIONS. 

The Committee reported adversely upon the proposition to 
deprive Past Department Commanders of a seat and vote in the 
Department and National Encampments ; also adversely upon the 
proposition to render eligible those who had been first forced 
into the rebel service but afterwards served in and were honor- 
ably discharged from the Union service. 

Department Encampments were authorized to restore the right 
to honors lost by Past Post Commanders. 

REVISION OF RITUAL. 

In accordance with the action of the previous Encampment, 
Comrades T. J. Stewart, Pennsylvania ; George S. Evans, Massa- 
chusetts ; and George B. Squires, New York, had been appointed 
a Committee on Revision of the Ritual. 

The Committee reported, through their Chairman, such a 
revision, which was on motion adopted, to go into force January 
1, 1889 ; the Committee having power, with the approval of the 
Commander-in-Chief, to make certain minor changes suggested. 

The same Committee was authorized to revise the other Serv- 
ices of the Order. 

MONUMENT TO GENERAL JOHN A. LOGAN. 

Comrade R. A. Alger, Chairman of the Committee appointed 
to solicit funds to erect an equestrian statue in Washington in 



366 Grand Army of the Bepublic. 

memory of General John A. Logan, reported that a circular had 
been issued asking comrades to donate ten cents each to this 
fund. A list of the donors will be sent to Mrs. Logan to be pre- 
served in a Memorial Hall which she is adding to her home in 
Washington. 

Committee: — R. A. Alger, Chairman, Detroit, Michigan; Han- 
nibal Hamlin, Maine ; James A. Beaver, Harrisburg, Pennsyl- 
vania ; Jno. M. Palmer, Springfield, Illinois ; H. H. Thomas, Chi- 
cago, Illinois. 

REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON PENSIONS. 

During the year the committee has held six meetings, four of them in Wash- 
ington. 

Early in the Session of Congress the committee secured a hearing before the Pen- 
sion Committees of the Senate and House of Representatives, and urged the passage 
of tlie several measures endorsed at the last session of the National Encampment, as 
follovps: 

First The Disability Bill, proposed by this committee, and endorsed with prac- 
tical unanimity by tlie members, Posts and National Encampment of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, granting pensions to all veterans now disabled or in need; to 
mothers and fathers from date of dependence; continuance of pensions to widows in 
their own right and an increase for minor children. 

Second. A bill granting pensions to all widows of veterans. 

Third. The bill for increase of pensions for the severer disabilities, substantially 
as presented by the Maimed Veteran's League. 

Fourth. All of the special recommendations in the report of Pension Commis- 
sioner Black, not included in the foregoing. 

Fifth. Pensions to all disabled survivors of rebel prisons. 

Sixth. The sjime pension to the widow of General .John A. Logan as has been 
granted to the widow of General Geo. II. Thomas and the widow of General Win- 
field S. Hancock. 

Seventh. A re-enactment of the Arrears Law. 

Eighth. An increase of all pensions now allowed at a less rate to eight dollars a 
month. 

The Senate Committee promptly reported a bill, substantially that endorsed by 
you, but in the hope of overcoming the freely and vigorously expressed antagouism 
to any other form by the Chairman of the House Committee, a clause insisting upon 
" present dependence" of di.sabled veterans was inserted against the protest of your 
committee This bill was at once passed by the Senate and by the House referred to 
the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 

The recommendations in favor of a special pension to Mrs. Mary A. Logan early 
became law, and in addition the following bills have passed both houses: 

Granting arrears of pensions to widows of veterans from death of husband. 
Increasing the rate for total or partial deafness. 



Administration of John P. Eea. 367 

Extending the time in which officers records can be amended and within which 
claims may be filed for horses lost in the service. 

The Senate also, in addition to the Disability Bill, passed the following, which 
have not received consideration in the House: 

Increase for loss of both hands from $72 to $100. 
Fixing the rate for total helplessness at $73. 

By every means in its power, through official presentation, in appeals by our 
comrades from all sections of the country, your committee urged favorable and early 
action, especially upon the Disability Bill, that the report from the House Committee 
might secure a place upon the legislative calendar, affording hope of consideration 
during the session. 

Your committee urged this bill in the name of the entire membership of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, showing to the Com.mittee of the House that whatever 
differences of opinion existed among the veterans as to other pension questions, 
however far short this came, however more broadly some wislied to build pension 
foundations, one and all were cordially, harmoniously, enthusiastically for this small 
measure of relief. It w^ould have cost less than the twentieth part of the alleged sur- 
plus, the disposition of which so puzzles the law makers, and v,-as«the one thing upon 
which every comrade was agreed ; no pension measure ever came before Congress 
with such an endorsemc nt. 

Weeks and months of the session passed with no action by the Committee— one 
man blocked the way. 

At last, when the session was more than half spent, .".nd the calendar of the House 
was filled beyond possibility of clearance, the chairman of the committee consented to 
a report. And such a report ! The unanimous voice of the veterans was disregarded. 
The four hundred thousand members of the Grand Army were told that even in so 
small and simple a measure of relief they were not possessed of sufficient intelligence 
to know what they did wish, or to form a statute to compass it. The bill reported 
was a mongrel, narrow, picayunish affair, attempting to deceive by applying the per 
diem principle, not in the broad and comprehensive scope of its honest promoters, but 
as limiting, qualifying and dividing by days and pennies, pensions for the utterly dis- 
abled veterans whom your bill sought to take from the pauper houses of the land by 
granting pensions of twelve dollars per month. 

And the chilling sugijestion was officially made by the chairman, that if owing 
to a limited term of service, in many cases curtailed and cut short by disabilities in- 
curred therein, any one of th'^::, needy comrades of ours should receive only a pit- 
tance " For the remainder of the relief necessary to his support, h^ r.hall be allowed, 
as other citizens must, to accept the charity of the local authorities." 

This bill was reported to the House and put upon the calendar— that graveyard of 
dead hopes and delayed possibilities. 

From that hour it has proved impossible to bring this or any other general pension 
measure before the House. Could consideration once be secured, the bill would ba 
open to amendment, and the opinion of the members be had upon the substitution of 
your bill, or the per diem service, or any other measure of pension legislation. 

In May, your committee prepared a petition to the Committee on Rules, asking 
that three or four days be set apart for the consideration of general pension legis- 
lation. 

This petition received the signatures of over one hundred members of the House; 
the name of the chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions was not on the list 



368 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

of those in favor of such action. It has been clearly within liis own power to secure 
the assignment of one or more days for this purpose; he made no such effort, nor by 
act or word indicated that he favored it. 

The responsibility for the failure of your bill, the responsibility for the failure of 
general pension legislation of any kind or degree, the responsibility for the failure to 
secure for the veterans of the land even a hearing before the National House of 
Representatives for the present session, rests upon the chairman of the House Com- 
mittee on Invalid Pensions. 

Regretting that its efforts in following out your instructions have been thus 
hindered and thwarted, your committee recommends that the suggestions of last year 
be re-affirmed and another vigorous campaign be begun in behalf of our needy and 
deserving comrades. 

Geo. S. Merkill, 
James Tanner, 
John S. Kountz, 
John W. Burst, 
Louis Wagner, 

Committee on Pensions. 



COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS. 

The Committee reported as follows : 

SONS OF VETERANS, U. S. A. 

Resolved, That the Encampment indorse the objects and purposes of the Order of 
Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., and hereby give to the Order the official recognition of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, and recommend that comrades aid and encourage the 
institution of Camps of the Sons of Veterans, U. S. A. 

Resolved, That with pride and heartfelt pleasure we place on record our heartfelt 
appreciation of the hearty welcome and most generous hospitality extended to the En- 
campment and to the membership of the Grand Army of the Republic by the citizens 
of Columbus, and by State and department officials, who have freelj^ opened to us the 
hospitable homes of their beautiful city and allowed us to take entire possession of 
their city, their capital and their State, and whose unceasing efforts and boundless lib 
erality combine to make this the most successful, as it is the most numerously attend- 
ed, National Encampment our Order has yet held. 



Unanimously adopted by a rising vote. 



THANKS TO THE PRESS. 



A resolution of thanks was unanimously adopted to the news- 
papers of Columbus for their accurate and comprehensive re- 
ports of the proceedings of the Encampment, and for their 
courteous treatment. 



Administration of John P. Eea. 369 

SERVICE pensions. 

Majority and minority reports on service pensions were read 
from the Committee on Resolutions. 
Majority report : 

Resolved, That it is the sense of this Encampment that the time has come when the 
soldiers amd sailors of the war for the preservation of the Union should receive the 
substantial and merited recognition of this government by granting them service pen- 
sions, and further 

Besolred. That this Encampment favors the presentation to Congress of a bill which 
shall give to every soldier or sailor who served the United States between April, 1861, 
and July, 1865, for a period of sixty days or more, a service pension of eight dollars a 
month, and to those whose service exceeded eight hundred days an additional pension 
of one cent per day per month for service in excess of that period. 

Resolved, Your committee also earneslly recommends the preparation of a bill plac- 
ing the widows of Union soldiers, sailors and marines on the pension list without re- 
gard to the time of service or the cause of the soldic^r's death. 

Resolved, Your committee further report that we do not withdraw our support of 
the bill now before Congress, which was proposed and indorsed by the Pension Com- 
mittee, known as the Disability Pension Bill. 

The following was the minority report : • 

Resolved, That we renew our approval of the bill now before Congress which was 
prepared and indorsed by the national Pension Committee of the Grand Kxxaj of the 
Republic, and favor its passage in favor of our needy and deserving comrades. 

The majority report was adopted by a vote of 363 to 22. 



DECORATION OF GRAVES. 

A resolution was adopted directing reports by Departments of 
the number of graves of Union soldiers and sailors decorated 
each Memorial Day. The Council of Administration was au- 
thorized to arrange for memorial services, and to pay the neces- 
sary expenses of flags and other decorations over the graves in the 
National Cemeteries of the South. 

GENERAL PHILIP H. SHERIDAN. 

The following was adopted by a unanimous vote : 

Whereas, since the meeting of the national Encampment of the Grand Army of 
the Republic, held over a year ago, our comrade, Philip H Sheridan, the General-in- 
Chief of the Army of the United States, has passed over the river of death to the 
great beyond. 

Resolved, That with sincere sorrow we mourn the loss of one of the brave defend- 
ers of the nation, one whose brilliant achievements in arms, whose heroic courage in 
24 



370 Grand Armv of the Eepublic. 

the hours of peril, snatching victory from defeat, and wliose untiring energj' has 
challenged the admiration of the world and has placed his name on the pages of his- 
tory among the foremost of the illustrious soldiers of his own age as well as those of 
the past. 

liinolred. That in the life of our late comrade in arms we recognize that type of 
manhood which characterizes the man born and reared under our free institutions, 
blending tlie citizen with the soldier, and whose lofty patriotism so guided and mould- 
ed ambition that it was formidable only to the enemies of his country. 

li^'wlred, that our deep s}-mpathy be extended to his sorrowing family in this their 
hour of grief, and a.ssure them, while we mourn with them the loss of the loving hus- 
band imd tender father, we will ever cherish with pride the memory of Philip H. 
Sheridan. 



WOMAN S RELIEF CORPS. 

A committee, consisting of Mrs. Belle T. Bagley, Department 
President of Ohio ; Mrs. Annie AVittenmyer, Past National Chap- 
lain ; Mrs. Sarah A. C. Plummer, Past Department President of 
Michigan, appeared before the Encampment, and presented the 
following address from the National Convention : 

Commander-in-Chief Rea, and Comrades of the Twenty-second National Encampment, 
Grand Army of the Republic : 

- By the appointment of the President of the Sixth National Convention of the 
Woman's Relief Corps, auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic, now assembled 
in this city, and at the request of the Commander-in-Chief, John P. Rea, we appear 
upon the floor of this Encampment to return the greetings which your committee — 
Comrade Vanosdol, Department Commander of Indiana; Comrade Evans, Past De- 
partment Commander of Ma.s.sachusetts, and Comrade Allan, Past Junior Yicc-Com- 
mander-in-Chief , of Virginia— so gracefully extended to our national organization. 
In the performance of this pleasing and agreeable duty we come to assure you of our 
lasting fealty and unswerving allegiance to the Grand Army of the Republic. Nor 
would we fail at this time to express our approbation of the continuous and cordial 
recognition which you have given our work since its inception. When the National 
Asso(!iation was effected at Denver, Colorado, in 1883, you gave it noble sanction 
and bl(;.s.sed it in its birth. And each .successive year has our national convention 
been stimulated to increa.sed work by inspiring approbation that we have received at 
your hands. 

Heartily have you signified your gratitude for all our efforts to share in assuming 
the duties and rcsjxjiisibilities that you owe to each otlier by the ties of your sacred 
fraternity, a fraternity that was born of friendship in tlie camp, in the hospital, on 
the march, in the battle or in loathsome prison pens. It is unncce.s.sary to i)ieture 
what would have been the condition of the soldiers of the Republic had treason con- 
quered the armies of loyalty. From what might have been, I turn to the more 
pleasing reality of a nation saved, loyalty victorious, treason detlironed and writhing 
in its owii downfall, and the brave defenders of our nation assembled in tliis grand 
encampment in tlie capitnl of the Buckeye State, which gave as her offering for 
loyalty 2()(),()00 of her noblest sons to battle for the cause which you here to day so 



Administration of John P. Eea. 371 

grandly represent. The Woman's Relief Corps, auxiliary to the most exalted and 
praiseworthy organization of soldiers born of woman, comes to you to-day with 
greetings of honor for you, the chivalry of America. 

We bear you greetings for your loyalty to manhood, the pride of woman's 
heart. 

We come to you with greetings for your devotion to comradeship, sanctified by 
the service, yes, how often by the blood of men who were our fathers, husbands, 
lovers, sons or brothers. We come to you bearing the individual and united greet- 
ings of 63.000 of America's patriotic daughters, who to-day stand in one solid 
phalanx to aid you in all measures designed to advance Grand Army interests. We 
bring special greetings to our Commander-in-Chief in recognition of the loyal and 
soldierly sympathy which he, throughout this administration, has manift'Sted toward 
the Woman's Relief Corps of the nation. And especially does our honored National 
President, Mrs. Emma S. Hampton, through the committee, acknowledge profound- 
est gratitude for his faithful co-operation and eminently wise counsels in the con- 
sideration, and assisting in the adjustment, of complicated questions and issues, 
which have been so successfully met during the year now closing. We hail with 
eagerness and solemnity the annual return of our memorial day duties, the perform- 
ance of which is peculiarly and sacredly in accord with woman's heart. 

It has been, and will be more extensively, throughout the several departments, 
the special concern of the Woman's Relief Corps to provide the joys of Christmas 
tide for the children of our veterans who are the wards of State or county homes. 
We are zealously in favor of, and will persistently and continuously work in every 
way that is womanly for the pensioning of those women who were war army nurses 
and diet kitchen managers. 

Again we reaffirm our professions and pledges to you who rank as the noblest 
soldiers' organization on the earth, realizing that the mission of our Order will en- 
large and the demands for our work become more imperative as the veterans of the 
war advance towards decrepitude. 

And, finally, we declare ourselves enlisted in this cause of holy charity so long as 
a veteran of the Union Army or his widow or his orphan shall need the helping hand 
of woman. 



YELLOW-FEVER SUFFERERS. 

The Slim of $500 was voted unanimously for the relief of the 
yellow-fever sufferers at Jacksonville, Florida. 



SCHOOL HISTORIES OF THE REBELLION. 

The Department of Wisconsin presented in print extracts 
from a number of " Histories " in use in the South, that in the 
opinion of the Committee were spreading " a thoroughly studied, 
rank, partisan system of sectional education." " These school his- 
tories teach the same identical doctrine, more radical and parti- 
san than before the war, as they now proclaim the righteousness 
of their cause, vindicate State sovereignty and secession, and any 



372 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

school history that teaches anything different finds but little en- 
conragement in that section." 

ELECTION OF OFFICERS. 

The following ofiicers were elected : 

Commander-in-Chief, William Warner, Kansas City, Missouri. 

Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, Moses H. Neil, Columbus, 
Ohio. 

Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Joseph Hadfield, New York 
City, New York. 

Surgeon-General, E. M. De AVitt, Des Moines, Iowa. 

Chaplain-in-Chief, S. G. Updyke, Brookings, Dakota. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Arizona, ; Arkansas, Lafayette Gregg ; California, 

George E. Gard ; Colorado, Charles F. Harkinson ; Connecticut, 
Henry N. Fanton; Dakota, E. Smith ; Delaware, James Harkness; 
Florida, S. W. Fox ; Illinois, John J. Healey ; Indiana, Allan H. 
Dougall ; Idaho, W. T. Kiley ; Iowa, H. M. Pickell ; Kansas, 
George K. Spencer ; Kentucky, Daniel O'Eiley ; Louisiana and 
Mississippi, J. M. Lawler ; Maine, Chester A. Jones ; Massachu- 
setts, E. B. Macy ; Michigan, R. A. Alger ; Maryland, William A. 
McKellip ; Minnesota, C. H. Bennett ; Missouri, Frank Alderson ; 
Montana, Pierce Hoopes ; Nebraska, T. S. Clarkson ; New Hamp- 
shire, William S. Pillsbury ; New Jersey, J. E. Lovett ; New Mex- 
ico, James H. Purdy ; New York, Charles A. Orr ; Ohio, T. M. 
Sechler ; Oregon, Pi. M. McMaster ; Pennsylvania, William Mc- 
Clelland ; Potomac, Amos J. Gunning ; Rhode Island, Henry C. 
Luther ; Tennessee and Georgia, Frank Seaman ; Texas, W. H. 
Nye ; Utah, James F. Bradley ; Yerraont, Fred. E. Smith ; Yir- 
ginia, Henry B. Nichols ; Washington Territory, A. P. Curry ; 
West Virginia, T. H. Duval ; Wisconsin, George C. Ginty. 

THE RE-UNION AND PARADE. 

The most complete arrangements had been made for the care 
and accommodation of the immense crowds that Avere expected to 
l)e in attendance, and the expectations of the most sanguine, in 
this respect, were fully realized. 



Administration of John P. Eea. 373 

In addition to the accommodations given in hotels, boarding- 
houses and by private families, halls were engaged and filled with 
cots, and camps conveniently located made room for the thousands 
of comrades who preferred camping out for the week. One of the 
camps was specially arranged for comrades having their wives or 
other members of their families with them. 

The parade on Tuesday, September 11, was under command of 
Colonel A. G. Patton, A. E. Lee, Adjutant-General, and occupied 
nearly five hours in passing a given point. 

It was undoubtedly the largest parade of veterans of the war 
since the Grand Eeview at AVashington in I860. 

The battle-flags of Ohio regiments, carried by men who had 
served with them during the war, excited the greatest enthusiasm 
along the route. The naval veterans were duly honored in the 
parade by models of the " Carondelet," the " Kearsarge," and the 
monitor "Manhattan," mounted on wheels, and drawn by trac- 
tion engines. Mortars were placed on the decks or in the turret, 
from which bombs were fired every few minutes, the bombs con- 
taining a novelty in naval warfare — efiigies in oiled silk and paper 
of animals, fishes, &c., that, when the bombs burst at the height 
of 300 or 400 feet, opened out, and slowly floated to the ground. 

The parade was reviewed by Commander-in-Chief John P. Kea. 
He was accompanied on the grand stand by General Sherman, ex- 
President Rutherford B. Hayes, and Governors Foraker, Beaver, 
Rusk, Thayer and Alger, all members of the Grand Army of the 
Republic. 

Commander-in-Chief Rea was presented by members of his of- 
ficial staff with a magnificent badge, probably the handsomest 
badge ever made for any member of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public. Adjutant-General Daniel Fish received from the same 
source a beautiful silver tea-set and salver, and Quartermaster- 
General John Taylor was presented with a solid silver canteen, on 
which was engraved on one side a Grand Army badge, and an in- 
fantry skirmish on the other. 

Commander-in-Chief Warner established Headquarters at 
Kansas City, and aj)pointed the following Staff: Adjutant-Gen- 
eral, Eugene F. Weigel (now Kansas City), Missouri ; Quarter- 
master-General, John Taylor, Philadelphia, re-appointed ; In- 
spector-General, George S. Evans, Cambridge, Massachusetts ; 
Judge-Advocate-General, J. B. Johnson, Topeka, Kansas. 



374 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Major William "Warner, Commander-iu-Cliief, was born in 
Wisconsin, in 1840. His parents died before he was six years of 
age, leaving him to earn a living as best he could. He became a 
boy of all Avork, getting his education in the common schools while 
working for his board. In 1856 he was a student in the Lawrence 
University, at Lawrence, Wisconsin, then taught school in his 
native village for some three years, when, for one year, he at- 
tended the Michigan University. 

He was active in securing recruits for Company C, 33d Wiscon- 
sin Infantry, of which Company he was commissioned First Lieu- 
tenant. Before his regiment left the State he was made Adjutant. 
In 1863, he was promoted to the Captaincy of Company D, and 
commanded that company through the Siege of Vicksburg, secur- 
ing special mention for his bravery. His regiment served in the 
Army of the Tennessee. In the Eed Kiver Campaign, Captain 
Warner served on the staff of Brigadier-General T. Kilby Smith. 
In 1864 he was tendered by President Lincoln the appointment 
of Assistant Adjutant-General, but declined it to accept the posi- 
tion of Major of the 44tli Wisconsin. AVas mustered-out Septem- 
ber 2, 1865. 

He located in Kansas City, October, 1865, taking an active 
part in public affairs, being elected City Attorney, in 1867, Cir- 
cuit Attorney for the counties Jackson, Johnson, Lafayette, Cass, 
Pettis and Saline, in 1868, and Mayor of Kansas City, in 1871. 

In 1882 he was appointed United States District Attorney for 
the Western District of Missouri. Was elected to the 49th Con- 
gress from the 5th District of Missouri, by a majority of 1,500, 
the District at the previous election having given a majority of 
4,000 to the party of his competitor. He was re-elected in 1886, 
and declined a renomination in 1888, and also the nomination for 
Governor. He has twice received the votes of the members of 
his party in the Missouri Legislature for United States Senator. 

He organized and was Commander of Geo. H. Thomas Post 
No. 4, Kansas City, and Department Commander, 1882-1883. 
Under his administration, the number of Posts was increased 
from 11 to nearly 200. He was elected Senior Vice-Commander- 
in-Chief at Denver, in 1883, and was nominated for Commauder- 
-in-Chief at Minneapolis, 1884, by General Sherman in a very 
com])limentary speech. 

His election as Commander-in-Chief at Columbus was by a 
unanimous vote. 



Administration o? John P. Rea. 375 

Colonel Moses H, Neil, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, en- 
tered the service in 1861 as Adjutant 1st Ohio Cavalry, and served 
with the regiment in Kentucky and Tennessee. In the campaign 
around Corinth he was seized with lung fever, and for a long time 
was not expected to live. Before he had fully recovered he was 
promoted Major of the regiment, but being unable to continue in 
active service, he resigned in October, 1863. 

He has been exceedingly active in Grand Army work, and for 
two years was Commander of McCoy Post No. 1, Columbus. He 
is serving on the Staff of Governor Foraker with the rank of 
Colonel. 

Joseph Hadfield, Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, is Com- 
modore of the National Association of Naval Veterans, and Past 
Commander of the Farragut Veteran Association of New York. 
He joined the Grand Army of the Republic in Dahlgren Post No. 
113, Department of New York, January 28, 1874, and has been 
Commander of that Post, and also of Adam Goss Post No. 330. 
He was born in England, and came to America when twenty 
years of age. He joined the navy, February 18, 1857, to go to the 
war then threatened in Nicaragua, Afterwards he sailed on the 
" Hartford " to China, as an able seaman. 

In April, 1862, he was on duty in the war ship Varuna, and 
was in the engagement at Fort St. Philip, below New Orleans. 
During the action his leg was badly injured by the recoil of 
the last gun fired, his vessel was sunk, and he was rescued by a 
boat from the flag-ship Pensacola and was sent North. When 
sufficiently recovered was ordered as Acting Ensign to the Lo- 
dona, which was engaged off Charleston. Later he served on the 
Monticello, under Lieutenant William B. Cushing, and was on 
that ship when it blew up the rebel ram Albemarle. 

He was afterwards in service on the Savannah and other 
southern rivers, was discharged April 1, 1865. After the war he 
went to England in the Government service, and on his return 
tendered his resignation and was honorably discharged. 

Dr. R, M. De Witt, Surgeon-General, was born in Cayuga 
county. New York, November 8, 1849. 

His father and brother were both members of the 138th Now 
York Volunteer Infantry, later 9th New York Heavy Artillery, and 



376 Grand Army of the Republic. 

he endeavorod to join this regiment in July, 180)2, hut was refused 
on account of his age and small size. He remained at the rendez- 
vous near Auburn, New York, and served as drummer for the 
various regiments there formed, and in each of these he endeav- 
ored to enlist, but Avithout success. Finally, by special order from 
President Lincoln, he was allowed to enlist, and in April, 1864, 
Avas mustered in the 9th New York Heavy Artillery. He joined 
the regiment as it was leaving the defences of Washington for the 
front, and served in the ranks as a private in thirteen engage- 
ments before he had reached the age of sixteen years. In the 
latter part of 1861: he was detailed as an Orderly at General Sher- 
idan's headquarters, and so served until the end of the war. In 
1865, he removed Avith his parents to Michigan, and four years 
later he settled in Iowa. Here he devoted himself to obtaining 
an education, later studied medicine, and received his degree from 
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at Keokuk, loAva, in 
1877. Dr. De AYitt is a member of Kinsman Post No, 7, Des 
Moines ; served several years as Post Surgeon, and as Medical 
Director of the Department, 1888. 

The Rev. Stephen G. Updyke, Chaplain-in-Chief, was born 
near Ithaca, NeAv York, January 18, 1845. 

The family removed to Reading, Michigan, in 1854, and after 
the breaking out of the rebellion young Updyke applied for en- 
listment in the 18th Michigan Infantry, but Avas rejected on ac- 
count of his age. He succeeded later in being mustered into the 
service and served during the last year of the Avar in Company 
G, 30tli Michigan Infantry, as a private. 

He Avas educated at Hillsdale College, Michigan, and Andover 
Theological Seminary, Massachusetts. From 1872 to 1880, he 
was Pastor of Congregational Churches at Litchfield, PentAvater 
and Augusta, Michigan, and 1880-86, Pastor Congregational 
Church, AVatertoAvn, Dakota. Since 1886, Professor of English 
History and Elocution, and Vice-President, of Dakota Agricul- 
tural College, at Brookings, Dakota. 

AVas a member of the Constitutional Convention of South Da- 
kota, in 1885. 

He has serA'ed as Chaplain, Grand Lodge of Dakota, F. & A. M., 
since 1882, Chaplain of Grand Chapter since 1885, and Prelate of 
Grand Commandery of Dakota, 1885-87. 

Charter-member of Post 50, Dakota, and Chaplain, 1885-86 ; 




Group of National Officers, 1888. 



Ad:.iinistration of John P. Rea. 377 

Commander of Post No. 74, 1888, and Chaplain of the Depart- 
ment. 

Major Eugene F. Weigel, Adjutant-General, was born in Illi- 
nois, June 15, 1845. 

In 1851, the family moved to St. Louis. He enlisted in August, 
1861, when a little more than sixteen years old, as a Private in the 
3d Regiment, IT. S. Reserve Corps, afterwards changed to 4th 
Missouri Volunteer Infantry. After a year's service in South- 
west Missouri, he was discharged to accept promotion as First 
Lieutenant and Adjutant, 82d Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and 
participated as such in the battles of Chancellorsville, Gettys- 
burg, Wauhatchie and Chattanooga. Was then promoted Captain 
of Company F, and so served during the campaign to Atlanta. 

On the march to the sea he served as Aid on the staff of 
Major-General A. S. Williams, commanding 20th Army Corps. 
Was brevetted Major, United States Volunteers, for gallant ser- 
vices on the campaign through Georgia, etc., and was mustered- 
out June, 1865, then being just twenty years of age. 

He joined Post No. 1, St. Louis, on its organization, in 1883, 
and served as Post Commander in 1885, Member of the National 
Council of Administration, 1887, and Chairman of Committee on 
Decorations for St. Louis Encampment. 

John Taylor, Quartermaster-General, re-appointed, 7th term. 
(See Chapter XXL) 

Geo. S. Evans, Inspector-General, was born in Cardigan, 
Wales, September, 1841. He enlisted in September, 1863, in the 
56th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered-out as 
Sergeant at the close of the war. He participated in all the bat- 
tles of his regiment in the Army of the Potomac, from the W^il- 
derness to Appomattox. Early in 1868 he joined Post 30 at Cam- 
bridge, Massachusetts, and has held a number of offices in that 
Post, being Post Commander, 1872 ; Member of Department 
Council of Administration, 1874-75 ; Senior Vice-Department 
Commander, 1876 ; and Department Commander, 1883 ; member 
of the National Council of Administration, 1879-80 ; and was 
Senior Aid-de-Camp on the Staff of Commander-in-Chief Wag- 
ner. Comrade Evans was one of the founders of the Soldiers' 
Home in Massachusetts, and is now Secretary of the Board of 
Trustees. 



378 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Captain J. B. Johnson, Judge-Advocate-Generalj was born at 
Fiatt, Fulton Co., Illinois, January 21, 1844. All his boyhood 
was spent on a farm. In September, 1861, then being seventeen 
years old, he enlisted in the 55th Illinois Infantry as a private, 
and served with the regiment in the capture of Forts Henry and 
Donaldson. For conspicuous gallantry on the first day's fight at 
Shiloh, he was promoted to be Second Lieutenant, and was 
slightly wounded on the second day, but remained in command of 
his company, the First Lieutenant and Captain having both been 
wounded. 

After the capture of Memphis he was compelled to resign on 
account of failing health ; and though not fully recovered, in the 
summer of 1864 he raised a company in his native county for the 
lo7th Illinois Infantry, and served with it to the close of the 
war. 

He then located in Kansas, and is now practicing as a lawyer 
in Topeka. 

He has been for a number of years a member of Lincoln Post 
No. 1, at Topeka, and served one term as Senior Vice-Com- 
mander. 



THE DKPARTIVIKNTS 



GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 



CHAPTER XXVII. 

THE EASTERN STATES 

INCLUDING 

MAINE, NEW HAMPSHIRE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE 
ISLAND AND CONNECTICUT. 



DEPARTMENT OF MAINE. 

A convention of Soldiers and Sailors of Sagadahoc county was 
held at Bath, May 31, 1867, for the purpose of organizing an as- 
sociation " whereby the true interests of the soldier may be pro- 
moted by united effort in that direction," General T. W. Hyde, 
President, Major H. A. Shorey, Secretary. 

General Wm. A. Schmidt, of Quincy, Illinois, then on a visit 
to friends in Bowdoinham, was present at the meeting, and ex- 
plained the objects of the Grand Army of the Republic. He after- 
wards exemplified the secret work of the Order, to all present who 
desired to join. He accompanied these comrades to a Soldiers and 
Sailors Convention in Portland, in June, 1867, where he interested 
a number of the leading veterans of the State, in the Order, 
among them. General Geo. L. Beal, General John C. Caldwell, 
General Chas. P. Mattocks, Colonel Frank Miller, Colonel Edward 
Moore, General James A. Hall and Colonel F. M. Drew. They 
were also instructed in the " work " by General Schmidt. 

The first Post was organized at Bath, under charter from Na- 
tional Headquarters, Grand Army of the Republic, June 28, 1867, 
and was mustered by General Schmidt. The following were in- 
stalled as officers : 

Commander, T. W. Hyde ; Senior Vice-Commander, Z. H. 

[379] 



380 Grand Army of the Hepublic. 

Robiusou ; Junior Yice-Commander, J. S. Wiggau ; Adjutant, 
H. A. Sborey ; Quartermaster, Jno. O. Shaw ; Surgeqn, Dr. E. P. 
Roche ; Chaplain, Rev. J. E. C. Sawyer. 

Major Shorey was appointed Aid-de-Camp to the Commander- 
in-Chief, and on September 17, mustered Post No. 2, at Portland, 
which has steadily maintained its organization, and, as " Bosworth 
Post," is noted as one of the leading Posts in the Order. 
He also mustered other Posts, none of which, however, lived ex- 
cept that at Gardiner. 

In December, 1867, Brevet Major-General John C. Caldwell, of 
Augusta, formerly Colonel 11th Maine Volunteers, was appointed 
Provisional Commander of the Department, and General Chas. P. 
Mattocks, Assistant Adjutant-General. A Convention to form the 
Permanent Department met in Portland, January 10, 1868, with 
fourteen Posts represented. General George L. Beal, Post 7, Nor- 
way, was elected Grand Commander, and, on February 10, issued 
a circular calling attention to the " fraternal combination of the re-' 
turned soldiers and sailors of the late war for the Union, knoAvn 
as the Grand Army of the Republic. Let the memories of the de- 
votion of the past, with its sufferings and achievements, and the 
affinities that have therefrom resulted, become strengthened by 
external union and frequent social intercourse and mutual counsel, 
till the march of life is ended, and the City of God, the final 
camp, is reached." 

Annual meetings of the Department have been held as follows: 
I. January 10, 1868, Portland ; II. January 21, 1869, Augusta ; 
III. January 24, 1870, Portland ; IV. January 31, 1871, Lewiston ; 
V. January, 1872, Biddeford ; VI. January 29, 1873, Bangor ; VII. 
January 29, 187-4, Augusta ; VIII. January 28, 1875, Skowhegan ; 
IX. January 21, 1876, Auburn ; X. January 23, 1877, Gardiner ; 
XL January 23, 1878, Biddeford ; XII. January 23, 1879, Bangor ; 
XIIL January 29, 1880, Lewiston ; XIV. February 22, 1881, Rock- 
land ; XV. February 8, 1882, Gardiner ; XVL February 6, 1883, 
Auburn ; XVII. February 20, 1884, Waterville ; XVIII. February 
18, 1885, Thomaston ; XIX. February 10, 1886, Skowhegan ; XX. 
January 25, 1887, Bath ; XXI. February 9, 1888, Portland. 

Semi-annual meetings and reunions : — 

July 16, 1868, Bangor, when 38 Posts were reported with over 
2,000 members ; July 28, 1869, Bath ; July 11, 1870, Gardiner ; 



Department of Maine. 381 

August 20, 1872, Portland ; September 10, 1880, Portland ; August 
9, 1882, Lake Maranacook, where Commander-in-Chief Van Der 
Yoort was received and entertained by the Department ; August 7, 
1884, Old Orchard Beach ; June 22-29, 1885, at Portland, in con- 
nection with the National Encampment ; September 9, 1886, Lake 
Maranacook ; September 12, 1887, Lewiston. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

Provisional. John C. Caldwell, Augusta. 

Permanent Department. 1868-69, Geo. L. Beal, Post 7, Nor- 
way ; 1870-71, Chas. P. Mattocks, Post 2, Portland ; 1872-73, 
Daniel White, Post 12, Bangor ; 1874-75, Selden Connor, Post 13, 
Augusta (see Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Chapter XXIY) ; 
1876, Nelson Howard, Post 9, Lewiston ; 1877, Geo. F. Shepley, 
Post 2, Portland, was elected, but declined to serve on account of 
inability to devote the necessary time to the position ; John D. 
Myrick, Post 13, Augusta, was then elected ; he died December 
27, 1882, aged 47 years; 1878, Augustus C. Hamlin, Post 12, 
Bangor (see Surgeon-General, Chapter XIX) ; 1879, Winsor B. 
Smith, Post 2, Portland ; Comrade Smith died suddenly during 
the Session of the National Encamj)ment in Portland, June, 1885 ; 
1880, I. S. Bangs, Post 14, Waterville (see Junior Vice-Com- 
mauder-in-Chief, Chapter XXI) ; 1881, W. G. Haskell, Post 7, 
Lewiston ; 1882, Augustus B. Farnham, Post 12, Bangor ; 1883, 
Elijah M. Shaw, Post 10, Lisbon ; 1884, Benj. Williams, Post 16, 
Rockland ; 1885, James A. Hall, Post 59, Damariscotta ; 1886, 
Samuel W. Lane, Post 13, Augusta ; 1887, Richard K. Gatley, 
Post 2, Portland ; 1888, Horace H. Burbank, Post 36, Saco. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868, Thos. W. Hyde, Post 1, Bath ; 1869, *Daniel White, Post 
12, Bangor ; 1870, Chas. W. Tilden, Post 13, Castine ; 1871-72, 
Geo. A. Parker, Post 9, Lewiston ; 1873, Geo. H. Abbott, Post 
2, Portland ; 1874-75, Isaac Dyer, Post 24, Skowhegan ; 1876, J. 
M. Andrews, Post 28, Biddeford ; 1877, J. T. Richards, Post 6, 
Gardiner ; 1878, J. W. Crocker, Post 16, Rockland ; 1879, Geo. S. 
Fuller, Post 20, Hallowell ; 1880, P. Hayes, Post 48, Togus ; 1881, 

* To Department Commander. 



382 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

J. H. Raymond, Post 4, Batli ; 1882, ^\m. F. Bradbury, Post 28, 
Biddeford ; 1883, *Ricliard K. Gatley, Post 2, Portland ; 1884, 
Hamlin T. Bucknam, Post 3, Mechanic's Falls ; 1885, C. E. Moul- 
ton, Post 47, Auburn ; 1886, Juo. F. Lamb, Post 38, Livermore 
Falls ; 1887, S. L. Miller, Post 135, Waldoboro ; 1888, Albert J. 
Crockett, Post 16, Rockland. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868, A. B. Farnham, Post 12, Bangor ; 1869, J. S. P. Ham, 
Post 9, Lewiston ; 1870, fGeo. A. Parker, Post 9, Lewiston ; 1871, 
Almon C. Pray, Post 44, Auburn ; 1872, fGeo. H. Abbott, Post 2, 
Portland ; 1873, A. A. Miller, Post 44, Auburn ; 1874, Will A. 
Woods, Post 28, Biddeford ; 1875, fJ. T. Richards, Post 6, Gardi- 
ner ; 1876, F. E. Heath, Post 14, Waterville ; 1877, J. P. Cilley, 
Post 16, Rockland ; 1878, H. H. Burbank, Post 36, Saco ; 1879, J. 
D. Maxfield, Post 8, Dexter ; 1880, M. J. Desmond, Post 12, Ban- 
gor ; 1881, A. B. Adams, Post 18, Wilton ; 1882, J. L. Pierce, Post 
15, Machias ; 1883, David P. Field, Post 7, Lewiston ; 1884, Henry 
O. Perry, Post 61, Fort Fairfield ; 1885, J. O. Johnson, Post 44, 
Liberty ; 1886, Jas. S. Cleveland, Post 63, Camden ; 1887, M. S. 
Smith, Post 55, Ellsworth; 1888, Frank W. Haskell, Post 14, 
Waterville. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1869, Geo. E. Brickett, Post 20, Augusta ; 1870-71, Samuel B. 
Morrison, Post 12, Bangor ; 1872, L H. Stearns, Post 48, Togus ; 
1873, *A. C. Hamlin, Post 12, Bangor ; 1874, N. A. Hersom, Post 2, 
Portland ; 1875-76, W. B. Lapham, Post 13, Augusta ; 1877, Att- 
wood Crosby, Post 14, Waterville ; 1878, L W. Starbird, Post 2, 
Portland ; 1879-80, Attwood Crosby, Post 14, Waterville ; 1881, 
B. Williams, 2d, Post 16, Rockland ; 1882, E. A. Thompson, Post 
23, Dover and Foxcroft ; 1883, AVilliam S. Howe, Post 11, Pitts- 
field ; 1884, Alonzo B. Adams, Post 18, Wilton ; 1885, Seth C. Gor- 
don, Post 2, Portland ; 1886, William S. Howe, Post 7, Lewiston ; 
1887, H. C. Levensaler, Post 39, Thomaston ; 1888, David E. Par- 
sons, Post 97, Oakland. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1869, Uriah Balkham, Post 9, Lewiston ; 1870, N. W. Taylor 
Root, Post 2, Portland ; 1871-72, E. M. Haynes, Post 9, Lewis- 



* To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice-Department-Commander. 



Department of Maine. 383 

ton ; 1873-74, Zenas Thompson, Post 3, Mechanic's Falls ; 1875, 
G. W. Bicknell, Post 2, Portland ; 1876, E. M. Preble, Post 12, 
Bangor ; 1877, W. C. Barrows, Post 28, Biddeford ; 1878-85, R. 
L. Howard, Post 12, Bangor ; 1886-88, Q. H. Shinn, Post 2, Port- 
land. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1867-69, *Charles P. Mattocks, Post 2, Portland ; 1870-71, H. 
C. Houston, Post 2, Portland ; 1872-73, E. E. Small, Post 12, 
Bangor ; 1874-75, S. J. Gallagher, Post 13, Augusta ; 1876, K M. 
Mason, Post 44, Auburn ; 1877, S. J. Gallagher ; 1878, E. E. 
Small, Post 12, Bangor ; 1879-80, A. M. Sawyer, Post % Portland ; 

1881, D. Horace Holman, Post 7, Lewiston ; 1882, John F. Foster, 
Post 12, Bangor ; 1883-84, D. Horace Holman ; resigned August 
18, 1884 ; succeeded by A. J. Crockett, Post 16, Rockland ; 1885- 
1886, L. B. Hill, Post 13, Augusta ; 1887-88, Edwin C. Milliken, 
Post 2, Portland. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1868-69, H. A. Shorey, Post 1, Bath ; 1870-71, John Teaton, 
Jr., Post 2, Portland; 1872-73, J. A. Dole, Post 12, Bangor; 
1874-75, Lorenzo B. Hill, Post 13, Augusta ; 1876, N. R. Lougee, 
Post 9, Lewiston; 1877, L. B. Hill, Post 13, Augusta; 1878, 
John F. Foster, Post 12, Bangor ; 1879-81, Geo. H. Abbott, Post 
2, Portland; 1882, Edward Jordan, Post 12, Bangor; 1883-88, 
Benj. F. Beals, Post 47, Auburn. 

INSPECTORS. 

1869, B. H. Beale, Post 12, Bangor (see Judge-Advocate); 
1870-71, E. P. Hill, Post 25, Bucksport ; 1872-74, W. H. Pennell, 
Post 2, Portland; 1875, Will A. Woods, Post 28, Biddeford; 
1876-77, E. M. Shaw, Post 10, Lisbon ; 1878, L S. Bangs, Post 14, 
Waterville ; 1879, O. R. Small, Post 10, Lisbon ; 1880, F. W. Has- 
kell, Post 14, Waterville ; 1881, Seth O. Rogers, Post 4, Bath ; 

1882, *E. M. Shaw ; 1883, Harrison A. Tripp, Post 46, Blue Hill ; 
1884, Jno. F. Foster, Post 12, Bangor ; succeeded, January 3, 1885, 
by A. A. Nickerson, Post 90, Fairfield ; 1887, E. P. Hill, Post 43, 
Bucksport ; resigned, November 19 ; succeeded by Henry E. Sel- 
lers, Post 12, Bangor ; 1888, Henry E. Sellers. 

* To Department Commander. 



38-4 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

judge- advocates. 

1870-71, *B. H. Beale, Post 12, Bangor, died February 4, 1871; 
1871-73, John F. Godfrey, Post 12, Bangor ; 1874-75, F. M. Drew, 
Post 13, Augusta ; 1876-78, John O. Winsliip, Post 2, Portland ; 
1879, Benj. Williams, 2d, Post 16, Kockland ; 1880-81, H. F. 
Blanchard, Post 13, Augusta ; 1882, J. W. Spaulding, Post 43, 
Eichmond; 1883, Jos. B. Peakes, Post 23, Foxcroft ; 1884-85, 
Horace H. Burbank, Post 36, Saco (to Department Commander, 
1888) ; 1886, W. H. Fogler, Post 42, Belfast ; 1887, Franklin M. 
Drew, Post 7, Lewiston ; 1888, John D. Anderson, Post 78, Gray. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1875, E. M. Le Prohon, Post 2, Portland ; 1876-77, Cyrus P. 
Berry, Post 28, Biddeford ; 1878-79, L. AV. Atkins, Post 12, Ban- 
gor ; 1880, J. F. Foster, Post 12, Bangor ; 1881, Albion Whitten, 
Post 11, Pittsfield ; 1882, Eoscoe G. Rollins, Post 12, Bangor ; 
1883, Isaiah S. Coombs, Post 4, Bath ; 1884, Geo. N. Jenkins, 
Post 48, Togus ; resigned, November, 1884 ; succeeded by B. P. 
Brackley, Post 16, Eockland ; 1885, D. Horace Holman, Post 7, 
Lewiston ; 1886, Geo. M. Brown, Post 12, Bangor ; 1887, L. D. 
Carver, Post 16, Rockland ; 1888, Robt. F. Campbell, Post 50, 
Cherryfield. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1868— M. F. Wentworth, Post 14, Kittery ; Gustavus Moore, 
Post 6, Gardiner ; Isaac S. Faunce, Post 9, Lewiston ; E. F. San- 
ger, Post 12, Bangor ; J. C. Caldwell, Post 20, Augusta. 

1869— Edward Moore, Post 2, Portland ; O. R. Small, Post 10, 
Lisbon ; I. F. Quimby, Westbrook ; Chas. W. Tilden, Post 13, 
Castine ; E. D. Haley, Post 6, Gardiner. 

1870— M. F. Wentworth, Post 14, Kittery ; Geo. Prince, Post 
1, Bath ; I. S. Faunce, Post 9 , Lewiston ; E. E. Small, Post 12, 
Bangor ; A. C. Hibbard, Post 25, Biicksport. 

1871— G. O. Bailey, Post 6, Gardiner ; Wm. Parshley, Post 1, 
Bath ; F. C. Drew, Post 28, Biddeford ; Nelson Howard, Post 9, 
Lewiston ; J. A. Dole, Post 12, Bangor. 

1872— F. C. Drew, re-elected ; C. L. Hayes, Post 14, Kittery ; 

* Deceased. 



Depabtment of Maine. 385 

Winsor B. Smith, Post 2, Portland; E. 11. Sliaw, Post 10, 
Lisbon. 

1873 — Winsor B. Smith, re-elected ; N. K. Lougee, Post 9, 
Lewiston ; J. T. Hnghes, Post 11, East Machias ; C. P. Berry, 
Post 28, Biddeford ; Hermon Bartlett, Post 12, Bangor. 

1871-75— Hermou Bartlett, re-elected ; W. H. Green, Post 2, 
Portland ; Geo. H. Hatch, Post 1, Pembroke ; Geo. A. Parker, 
Post 9, Lewiston ; P. H. Cummings, Post 6, Gardiner. 

1876— Davis Tillson, Post 16, Eockland ; Jos. Littlefield, Post 
44, Auburn ; S. S. Vose, Post 24, Skowhegan ; M. J. Desmond, 
Post 12, Bangor ; H. L. Wood, Post 8, Dexter. 

1877 — H. L. Wood, re-elected ; Nelson Howard, Post 9, Lewis- 
ton ; E. E. Small, Post 12, Bangor ; E. M. Stevens, Post 28, Bid- 
deford ; S. J. Gallagher, Post 13, Augusta. 

1878— E. H. Hanson, Post 2, Portland ; C. O. Wadsworth, Post 
6, Gardiner ; A. S. Perham, Post 7, Lewiston ; I. S. Bangs, Post 
14, Waterville ; J. D. Maxfield, Post 8, Dexter. 

1879— Chas. O. Wadsworth, A. S. Perham, re-elected ; H. F. 
Blanchard, Post 13, Augusta ; E. L Merrill, Post 25, Farmington ; 
C. A. L. Sampson, Post 4, Bath. 

1880— C. O. Wadsworth, H. F. Blanchard, A. S. Perham, E. L 
Merrill, re-elected ; R. K. Gatley, Post 2, Portland. 

1881— C. O. Wadsworth, R. K. Gatley, re-elected; Levi C. 
Flint, Post 5, Monson ; J. L. Pierce, Post 15, Machias ; W. Z. 
Clayton, Post 12, Bangor. 

1882, J. A. Sears, Post 34, Calais ; F. M. Drew, Post 7, Lewis- 
ton ; R. Y. Crockett, Post 4, Bath ; C. M. Lang, Post 2, Portland ; 
Frank Adams, Post 22, Brunswick. 

1883— William Wiley, Post 6, Gardiner ; W. K. Ripley, Post 
22, Brunswick ; E. H. Bryant, Post 15, Machias ; E. B. Lovejoy, 
Post 17, North Turner ; Albion Whitten, Post 11, Pittsfield. 

1884— Geo. M. Seiders, Post 2, Portland ; J. F. Lamb, Post 38, 
Livermore Falls ; W. T. Eustis, Post 47, Auburn ; Geo. M. 
Fletcher, Post 12, Bangor ; Eugene E. Preble, Post 4, Bath. 

1885— Geo. M. Seiders, Geo. M. Fletcher, Wm. T. Eustis, John 
F. Lamb, re-elected ; H. O. Perry, Post 61, Fort Fairfield. 

1880— Henry O. Perry, Geo. M. Fletcher, re-elected ; Chas. E. 
25 



386 Grand Army of the Republic. 

'V\'ing, Post 21, Wiutliroj^ ; J. W. Black, Post 30, Searsport ; Jere. 
S. Douglass, Post 2, Portland. 

1887— Chas. E. Wing, Joshua \V. Black, re-elected ; C. W. 
Hadlock, Post 111, Portland ; Geo. A. Wilson, Post 54, Norway ; 
Wainwriglit Cusliing, Post 23, Foxcroft. 

1888— Chas. W. Hadlock, Geo. A. Wilson, Wainwright Gush- 
ing, re-elected ; Isaac Dyer, Post 96, Skowhegan ; Chas. E. Nash, 
Post 13, Augusta. 

As in nearly all of the older Departments, a number of the 
Posts organized in Maine in 1867-69 soon went out of existence, 
but the Department has been generally well maintained. In 1873 
Department Commander Daniel White strongly urged Posts to 
collect and properly preserve biographical sketches of all de- 
ceased members. A very full report has been made each year by 
Committee on Necrology of members dying during the year, giv- 
ing their military service, etc. 

In 1877 the proceedings of the Department were briefly com- 
piled up to that date by Comrade W. B. Lapham, Post 13, Au- 
gusta, and for the period for 1877 to 1883, by D. Horace Holman, 
Post 7, Lewiston. 

The Journal of Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual En- 
campment 1886, contains a full report of the meeting of the 
National Encampment in Portland in 1885, with the attendant 
parade, receptions, formation of the camp, etc. It is embellished 
with steel plate portraits of Generals Grant, McClellan and Han- 
cock, and of Department Commander Winsor B. Smith, whose 
death during the Encampment has been previously noted. The 
Journal for 1887 contains a steel portrait of General Logan. 

State Legislation. 

soldiers and sailors orphans* home. 

In 1866 the Bath Military and Naval Orphans' Asylum was es- 
tablished by the State — 

For the purposes of rearing and educating, gratuitously, in the common branches 
of learning and ordinary industrial pursuits, the orphans and halF-orplians of officers, 
soldiers, seamen and marines who have entered the military or naval service of the 
United States government, on the quota of Maine, during the war for the suppression 
of the rebellion, and have died subsequently, or who, from age, poverty or disease, 
are unable to rear, maintain and educate any of such children. 



Department of Maine. 387 

About 1,500 children have been thus cared for. The number of 
children remaining, December 31, 1887, was 80. Average cost per 
capita, $126.61. The State appropriated $7,500 for the year 1887, 
and the same amount for 1888. 

The invested funds of the institution yield about $700 addi- 
tional, and contributions have been made from time to time by 
Posts and individuals. 

A Branch of the National Military Homes is established at 
Togus. 

STATE AID. 

The State appropriates each year the sum of $35,000 for pen- 
sions to disabled and indigent soldiers and sailors, or widows and 
orphans. The amount paid in each case varies from $2 to $8 per 
month, as may be approved by the Selectmen of towns or Alder- 
men of cities. 

BURIAL EXPENSES. 

By Act of the Legislature' — 

Whenever any person who served in the army, navy or marine corps of the 
United States during tlie rebellion, and was honorably discharged therefrom, shall 
die, being at the time of his death a resident of this State, and being in destitute 
circumstances, the State shall pay the necessary expenses of his burial; such expenses 
shall not exceed the sum of thirty-five dollars in any case, and the burial shall be in 
some cemetery not used exclusively for the burial of the pauper dead. 

It is provided that the municipal officers of cities or towns shall 
pay the expenses of such burial, and the sum will be refunded by 
the State. A certificate is required from a Post Commander of 
the Grand Army of the Republic that such deceased person was 
an honorably discharged soldier or sailor, and in destitute cir- 
cumstances. 

GRAND ARMY BADGE. 

By Act approved February 15, 1887 — 

Any person who shall wilfully wear the badge of the Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic, or who shall use or wear the same to obtain aid or assistance thereby within this 
State, unless he shall be entitled to use or wear the same under the rules and regula- 
tions of the Department of Maine, Grand Army of the Republic, shall be guilty of 
misdemeanor, and upon conviction shall be punished by imprisonment for a term not 
to exceed thirty days in the county jail, or a fine not to exceed twenty dollars, or by 
both such fine and imprisonment. 



388 Grand Army of the Kepublic 



MEMORIAL DAY. 



In 1874 the Department secured the passage of an Act making 
Memorial Day a legal holiday, and in 1887 the Legislature au- 
thorized towns and cities of the State to appropriate money for 
defraying expenses of the observance of that day. 



DEPARTMENT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Post No. 1 was organized at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, No- 
vember 6, 1867, under a charter issued by Major A. S. Cushman, 
Grand Commander, Department of Massachusetts. The charter 
members were M. T. Betton, Geo. E. Sides, Reuben Kimball, E. 
A. Tilton, D. J. Vaughn, C. L. Tidd, E. E. Goodwin, C. D. Hands- 
com, J. S. McDonald and W. J. Morrison. 

M. T. Betton was elected Commander, E. A. Tilton, Adjutant, 
Reuben Kimball, Quartermaster. 

Later Colonel Betton was appointed Provisional Commander. 
The Permanent Department was organized at Portsmouth, April 
30, 1868, the folloAving Posts having been previously organized : 
Post 1, Portsmouth ; Post 2, Concord ; Post 3, Manchester ; Post 
4, Keene ; Post 5, Hopkinton ; Post 6, Peterborough ; Post 7, 
Nashua ; Post 8, Great Falls ; Post 9, Francistown ; Post 10, 
Newport ; Post 11, Milford ; Post 12, Claremont. CajDtain AY. R. 
Patten was elected Grand Commander. Meetings of the Depart- 
ment have been held as follows : 

ANNUAL ENCAMPMENTS. 

I. April 30, 1868, Portsmouth ; II. January 19, 1869, Manches- 
ter; III. January 24, 1870, Manchester; IV. January 17,1871, 
Concord ; V. January 25, 1872, Manchester ; VI. January 31, 1873, 
Manchester ; VII. January 22, 1874, Manchester ; VIII. January 
21, 1875, Manchester ; IX. January 19, 1876, Nashua ; X. Janu- 
ary 25, 1877, Great Falls; XL January 24, 1878, Manchester; 
XII. January 27, 1879, Concord; XIII. February 17, 1880, 
Nashua ; XIV. February 24, 1881, Plymouth ; XV. February 7, 
1882, Portsmouth ; XVI. February 1, 1883, Lake Village ; XVII. 
February 6, 1884, Concord ; XVIII. February 11, 1885, Manches- 
ter; XIX. February 17, 1886, Dover; XX. February 1, 1887, 
Manchester ; XXL February 2, 1888, Concord. 



Department of New Hampshire. 389 

department commanders. 

1868, ^William K. Patten, Post 3, Manchester ; 1869, Daniel J. 
Vaughn, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1870, James E. Larkin, Post 2, 
Concord ; 1871, Augustus H. Bixby, Post 9, Francestown ; 1872, 
Wm. H. Trickey, Post 17, Dover ; 1873-74, Timothy W. Challis, 
Post 3, Manchester ; 1875, Alvin S. Eaton, Post 7, Nashua ; 1876- 
78, Chas. J. Richards, Post 8, Great Falls ; 1879-80, *George 
Bowers, Post 7, Nashua (see Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, 
Chap. XIX) ; 1881-82, Martin A. Haynes, Post 36, Lake Village ; 
1883-84, John C. Linehan, Post 31, Penacook (see Junior Vice- 
Commander-in-Chief, Chap. XXVI); 1885, Marcus M. Collis, 
Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1886, George Farr, Post 48, Littleton ; 1887, 
Otis C. Wyatt, Post 62, Tilton ; 1888, A. B. Thompson, Post 2, 
Concord. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868, tDaniel J. Vaughn ; 1869, fJames E. Larkin ; 1870, fAu- 
gustus H. Bixby ; 1871, Charles H. Long, Post 12, Claremont ; 
1872, tTimothy W. Challis; 1873, J. Albert Sanborn, Post 1, Ports- 
mouth ; 1874, tAlvin S. Eaton ; 1875, J. E. S. Pray, Post 26, Ex- 
eter ; 1876, Stephen A. Oliver, Post 29, Pittsfield ; 1877, Samuel 
S, Piper, Post 3, Manchester ; 1878, Stephen A. Oliver, Post 29, 
Pittsfield ; 1879-80, fMartin A. Haynes ; 1881, Daniel M. White, 
Post 6, Peterborough ; 1882-83, Sewell D. Tilton, Post 51, Fre- 
mont ; 1884, tMarcus M. Collis ; 1885, fGeorge Farr ; 1886, fOtis 
C. Wyatt; 1887, tA. B. Thompson; 1888, Fred. H. Foss, Post 17, 
Dover. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868, William Pitt Moses, Post 8, Great Falls ; 1869, J. W. 
Babbitt, Post 4, Keene ; 1870, |Charles H. Long ; 1871, William 
Pitt Moses, Post 8, Great Falls ; 1872, pJ. A. Sanborn ; 1873, John 
B. Cooper, Post 10, Newport; 1874, Charles Scott, Post 6, Peter- 
borough ; 1875, tChas. J. Richards ; 1876-78, Ross C. Duffy, Post 
7, Nashua ; 1879-80, ^Daniel M. White ; 1881, Thomas S. Ellis, 
Post 16, Lancaster ; 1882-83, Hiram G. Sherman, Post 12, Clare- 
mont ; 1884, tGeorge Farr ; 1885, tOtis C. Wyatt ; 1886, John W. 

* Deceased. 

f To Department Commander. X To Senior Vice-Department Commander. 



390 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Hears, Post 3, Manchester ; 1887, *Fred. H. Foss ; 1888, James F. 
Grimes, Post 25, Hillsboro' Bridge. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1868, Thomas Sanboru ; 1869, S. C. Whittier, Post 1, Ports- 
mouth ; 1870, Sherman Cooper, Post 12, Chiremont ; 1871, Wil- 
liam Childs, Post 28, Bath ; 1872, Carl H. Horsch, Post 17, Dover ; 
1873, AY. W. Brown, Post 3, Manchester ; 1874-76, Geo. P. Gree- 
ley, Post 7, Nashua ; 1877, J. E. S. Pray, Post £6, Exeter ; 1878-79, 
David B. Nelson, Post 37, Laconia ; 1880, Geo. F. Wilbur, Post 7, 
Nashua ; 1881, f James G. Sturges, Post 3, Manchester ; 1882, R. 
J. P. Goodman, Post 3, Manchester ; 1883, Samuel P. Carbee, 
Post 42, Haverhill ; 1884-86, Josiah C. Eastman, Post 33, Hamp- 
stead ; 1887-88, Hadley B. Fowler, Post 40, Bristol. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1868, J. F. Lovering, Post 2, Concord (to Chaplain-in-Chief, 
Chapter XV) ; 1869, Reuben Dodge, Post 3, Manchester ; 1870, 
William T. Chase, Post 17, Dover ; 1871, Edmund R. Sanborn, 
Post 2, Concord ; 1872, Charles U. Bell, Post 26, Exeter ; 1873, 
W. T. Chase, Post 17, Dover ; 1874-79, fPaul S. Adams, Post 10, 
Newport ; 1880-82, Daniel C. Roberts, Post 2, Concord ; 1883, L. 
F. McKinney, Post 3, Manchester ; 1884-86, E. R. Wilkins, Post 

2, Concord ; 1887-88, James K. Ewer, Post 2, Concord. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1868, Samuel F. Murry, Post 3, Manchester ; 1869, J. Albert 
Sanborn, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1870, Daniel E. Howard, Post 2, 
Concord ; 1871, tTimotliy W. Challis, Post 3, Manchester ; 1872, 
Geo. W. Colbath, Post 17, Dover ; 1873-74, Levi L. Aldrich, Post 

3, Manchester ; 1875, Ross C. Duffy, Post 7, Nashua ; 1876, Kirke 
AV. Moses, Post 8, Great Falls ; 1877, C. B. Jenness, Post 8, Great 
Falls ; 1878, David R. Pierce, Post 8, Great Falls ; 1879-80, W. 
H. D. Cochrane, Post 7, Nashua ; 1881-82, Natt Shackford, 
Post 36, Lake Village ; 1883, Samuel N. Brown, Post 31, Pena- 
cof)k ; 1884, Alfred E. Emery, Post 31, Penacook ; 1885, Geo. E. 
Hodgdou, Post 1, Portsinoutli ; 1886, Horace .T. Kenney, Post 48, 
Littleton ; 1887, AVilliam H. Tripp, Post 62, Tilton ; 1888, James 
Miuot, Post 2, Concord. 



* To Senior Vice-Department Commander. 

f Deceased. X To Depiirtment Commander. 



Depaetment of New Hampshire. 391 

ASSISTANT QUAETERMASTEES-GENEK^Tj. 

1868-69, Luther E. Wallace, Post 3, Manchester ; 1870, John 
T. Batchelder, Post 2, Concord ; 1871, Nathan P. Kidder, Post 3, 
Manchester ; 1872, John C. Pray, Post 17, Dover ; 1873-74, Benj. 
L. Hartshorn, Post 3, Manchester ; 1875, J. A. Skinner, Post 7, 
Nashua ; 1876-77, Cleveland B. Merrill, Post 8, Great Falls ; 1878, 
Cyrus Freeman, Post 8, Great Falls ; 1879-80, K O. Greenleaf, 
Post 7, Nashua ; 1881-82, Edwin A. Badger, Post 36, Lake Vil- 
lage ; 1883-84, James H. French, Post 31, Penacook ; 1885, C. W. 
Tracy, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1886, Thomas M. Fletcher, Post 48, 
Littleton ; 1887, John Haslam, Post 62, Tilton ; 1888, Thomas M. 
Lang, Post 2, Concord. 

INSPECTOES. 

1868, Augustus H. Bixby, Post 9, Francestown ; 1869, J. W. 
Crosby, Post 11, Milford; 1870-71, *John M. Haines, Post 2, Con- 
cord ; 1872-73, Alvin S. Eaton, Post 7, Nashua ; 1874, Ross C. 
Duffy, Post 7, Nashua ; 1875, Levi L. Aldrich, Post 3, Manches- 
ter ; 1878, Edward E. Parker, Post 7, Nashua ; 1877, *Leander S. 
Coan, Post 17, Dover ; 1878, Daniel M. White, Post 6, Peterbor- 
ough ; 1879-80, Rufus P. Staniels, Post 2, Concord; 1881-82, 
Henry L. Wilkinson, Post 37, Laconia ; 1883-84, Chas. E. Buz- 
zell. Post 36, Lake Village ; 1885, John W. Mears, Post 3, Man- 
chester ; 1886, Freeman D. Batchelder, Post 2, Concord ; 1887, 
James F. Grimes, Post 25, Hillsboro' Bridge ; 1888, Everett B. 
Huse, Post 52, Enfield. 

JUDGE- ADVOCATES. 

1869, Henry B. Atherton, Post 7, Nashua ; 1870-71, Frank D. 
Woodbury, Post 2, Concord ; 1872, Frank Hobbs, Post 17, Dover ; 
1873-74, *Joseph B. Clarke, Post 3, Manchester; 1875, *Aaron F. 
Stevens, Post 7, Nashua ; 1876, Frank Hobbs, Post 17, Dover ; 
1877-78, E. E. Parker, Post 7, Nashua ; 1879-80, Thos. J. Whip- 
ple, Post 37, Laconia ; 1881, Alvin Burleigh, Post 42, Plymouth ; 
1882, Henry O. Kent, Post 16, Lancaster ; 1883, William H. Shurt- 
lefif. Post 57, Colebrook ; 1884, *Joseph B. Clarke, Post 3, Man- 
chester ; 1885-86, Albert S. Twitchell, Post 59, Gorham ; 1887, 
Geo. E. Hodgdon, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1888, Henry B. Atherton, 
Post 7, Nashua. 

* Deceased. 



392 Grand Army of the Republic. 

chief mustering officers. 

187-1, William H. Vickery, Post 3, Maucliester; 1876, Clarence L. 
Cliapinau, Post 8, Great Falls ; 1877, *B. Frank Fogg, Post 3, Man- 
chester ; 1878, *L. S. Coan, Post 49, Alton ; 1879-80, Augustns D. 
Ayliug, Post 7, Nashua ; 1881-82, John C. Linehan, Post 31, Fish- 
erville; 1883, Marcus M. Collis, Post 1, Portsmouth; 1884, Edward 
L. Jones, Post 45, Derry; 1885, Liberty W. Foskett, Post 4, Keene; 
1886, Fred. H. Foss, Post 17, Dover ; 1887, Frank E. Rollins, Post 
26, Exeter ; 1888, Horace L. Worcester, Post 22, Rochester. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1868 — Jas. E. Larkins, Post 2, Concord ; H. B. Wheeler, Post 
6, Peterboro'; Solon A. Carter, Post 4, Keene ; Hemy B. Ather- 
ton. Post 7, Nashua ; Charles Scott, Post 6, Peterboro. 

1869 — Charles Scott, re-elected ; Augustus H. Bixby, Post 9, 
Francestown ; J. B. Cooper, Post 10, Newport ; Timothy W. Chal- 
lis. Post 3, Manchester ; J. B. Parsons, Post 1, Portsmouth. 

1870_Timothy W. Challis, re-elected ; Solon A. Carter, Post 
4, Keene ; ^\. P. Flynn, Post 13, Lebanon ; E. A. Leslie, Post 1, 
Portsmouth; Wm. H. Trickey, Post 17,. Dover. 

1871 — Daniel J. Vaughn, Postl, Portsmouth; *JohnM. Hainas, 
Post 2, Concord ; Samuel F. Murry, Post 3, Manchester ; Rich- 
ard O. Greenleaf, Post 7, Nashua ; E. M. Kempton, Post 10, New- 
port. 

1872 — Daniel J. Vaughn, R. O. Greenleaf, re-elected ; Wm. P. 
Moses, Post 8, Great Falls ; E. H. Smith, Post 6, Peterboro' ; N. 
P. Kidder, Post 3, Manchester. 

1873— D. J. Vaughn, Wm. P. Moses, re-elected ; J. E. S. Pray, 
Post 26, Exeter ; O. B. Warren, Post 22, Rochester ; Alviu S. 
Eaton, Post 7, Nashua, 

187.— D. J. Vaughn, Wm. P. Moses, J. E. S. Pray, O. B. War- 
ren, re-elected ; Reul)en Dodge, Post 3, Manchester. 

1875— Wm. P. Moses, re-elected ; Timothy W. Challis, Post 3, 
Manchester ; Frank E. Rollins, Post 26, Exeter ; Samuel S. Piper, 
Post 3, Manchester ; Ross C. Duffy, Post 7, Nashua. 

1876— Edgar L. Carr, Post 29, Pittsfield ; Geo. AY. Corey, Post 

* Deceased. 



Department of New Hampshire. 393 

31, Fisherville ; Chas. H. Holt, Post 15, Lyndeborougli ; Wm. S. 
Roach, Post 18, New Market; Samuel Cooper, Post 3, Man- 
chester. 

1877 — W. H. D. Cochrane, Post 7, Nashua; Patrick Sullivan, 
Post 3, Manchester ; Chas. Scott, Post 6, Peterboro' ; Andrew 
"White, Post 26, Exeter; Joseph M. Clough, Post 85, NeAV London. 

1878-79— A. B. Thompson, Post 2, Concord ; Natt Shackford, 
Post 36, Lake Tillage ; Samuel Cooper, Post 3, Manchester ; 
Alouzo A. Hutchinson, Post 11, Milford ; Isaac K. Merrill, Post 
17, Dover. 

1880 — John W. Babbitt, Post 4, Keene ; Samuel N. Brown, 
Post 31, Fisherville; Isaac W. Hammond, Post 2, Concord; David 
R. Pierce, Post 8, Great Palls ; *Samuel M. S. Moulton, Post 37, 
Laconia. 

1881 — Isaac W. Hammond, re-elected ; Wm. H. "Weston, Post 
23, Lisbon ; David A. Paige, Post 3, Manchester ; Charles W. Ste- 
vens, Post 7, Nashua ; Thomas Cogswell, Post 37, Laconia. 

1882 — Albert S. Twitchell, Post 59, Gorman ; James H. French, 
Post 31, Fisherville ; Adolph Nelson, Post 1, Portsmouth ; Chas. 
B. Nichols, Post 38, Franklin ; Augustus P. Home, Post 21, 
Salmon Falls. 

1883— W. W. H. Greenwood, Post 6, Peterboro' ; Martin B. 
Plummer, Post 37, Laconia ; William H. Emery, Post 3, Man- 
chester ; W. H. Lovell, Post 1, Portsmouth ; Eben West, Post 50, 
Haverhill. 

1881:— Otis C. Wyatt, Post 62, Tilton ; Alvin S. Eaton, Post 7, 
Nashua ; E. B. Huse, Post 52, Enfield ; Harry Clifton, Post 3, 
Manchester ; James G. Stone, Post 41, North Londonderry. 

1885 — Harry Clifton, re-elected ; James F. Grimes, Post 25, 
Hillsboro' ; Henry F. Brown, Post 31, Penacook ; Oliver M. 
Knight, Post 1, Portsmouth ; Almon J. Farrar, Post 37, Laconia. 

1886— Frank K. Hobbs, Post 73, Ossipee ; Chas. H. Reed, Post 
3, Manchester ; David E. Burbank, Post 56, Hanover ; James 
Donnelly, Post 4, Keene ; Isaiah A. Dustin, Post 45, Derry. 

1887— Allen P. Messer, Post 12, Claremont ; Minor G. Fry, 
Post 41, Londonderry ; Reuben T. Leavitt, Post 29, Pittsfield ; 
Warren Noyes, Post 59, Gorham ; John Kenney, Post 27, Green- 
wich. 

* Deceased. 



394 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

1888— M. S. Brown, Post 42, Plymouth ; A. J. Sanborn, Post 
3, Manchester ; L. Severance, Post 13, Lebanon ; D. H. Eeed, Post 
72, Fitzwilliam ; J. B. Sanborn, Post 51, Fremont, 

THE weirs' encampment. 

All the veteran regiments and batteries that served during the 
rebellion from New Hampshire, maintain voluntary associations 
and hold an annual reunion on the Camp-grounds at Weirs, on 
the banks of Lake Winnepisaukee. 

An association of naval veterans and one of soldiers now resi- 
dents of New Hampshire, but who were in the service from other 
States, have also been formed. 

The Camp-grounds are most beautifully located and are of 
easy access by lake or rail. The State has appropriated in all 
about $20,000 for the erection of general Headquarters and bar- 
racks, and in the introduction of water and other conveniences. 

The different associations have, at their own expense, erected 
comfortable headquarters, buildings for the reception of visitors 
and the use of the members. 

No charge is made to veterans for quarters in camp and 
good meals are supplied, under contract, at low prices. The ex- 
penses for the care and maintenance of the camp are met by 
charges for restaurant privileges and by an allov/ance on tickets 
by rail or steamers. 

Each association is represented in the Executive Committee, 
which, with the officers of the Camp annually elected, have gen- 
eral charge of each reunion. 

The meeting is held in the last full week of August. No 
liquors are sold on the ground or in the vicinity of the camp. 

In no other State have such facilities been afforded for the re- 
union of soldiers and sailors, and the meetings increase in inter- 
est each year. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

In 1877, the Legislature passed an Act making May 30 — Me- 
morial Day — a legal holiday. 

STATE AID. 

No Soldiers' Home is maintained in New Hampshire, but, 
in some respects, a more desirable form of relief is granted, 



Department of Vermont. 395 

under an enactment that each county shall maintain in his own 
home, or in some place other than a poor-house, each ex-soldier 
or sailor who, having been a resident of the State for three 
years, is unable to maintain himself or his family. Similar 
relief is also accorded widows or orphans or other dependents of 
Union veterans. About $30,000 is annually disbursed for this 
purpose. 

From 163 towns of the State reports were received of 67 
veterans wholly dependent ; their average age was 61 years and 6 
months ; 250 were partially dependent ; their average age was 52 
years. Wives, widows and minor children of veterans, to the 
number of 409, had received State aid. 

Pensioners of the United States, rated at or above total for the 
grade in which they served are exempt from the payment of poll- 
tax. 

GRAND ARMY BADGE. 

Persons not duly authorized to wear the badge of the Grand 
Army of the Republic are, by law, prohibited from wearing the 
same, under penalty of $10 fine, or imprisonment not exceeding 
twenty days. 



DEPARTMENT OF VERMONT. 

The first Post in Vermont — Wells Post No. 1 — was organized 
at St. Johnsbury under a charter issued by Commander-in-Chief 
John A. Logan, dated January 10th, 1868, with the following 
charter members : Wm. G. Cummings, P. D. Blodgett, Horace K. 
Ide, Frelan J. Babcock, Geo. P. Moore, L. B. Heald, E. F. Gris- 
wold, A. K. Colburn, Wheaton Livingston and Chas. F. Spaulding. 
In 1870 the Post was disbanded, and so remained until reorgan- 
ized, January 8, 1880, as Chamberlain Post No. 1. 

Post No. 2 was organized at Burlington, July 20, 1868, also 
by charter from Headquarters Grand Army of the Republic, 
dated April 27, 1868. Charter members : Geo. J. Stannard, 
Geo. H. Bigelow, Theodore S. Peck, Romeo H. Start, John J. 
Bain, Jr., Wm. W. Henry, A. H. Keith, C. S. Shattuck, Wm. D. 
Munson, and Herman R. Wing. General Henry was elected Post 
Commander. This Post has maintained its organization from 
the first meeting. 



890 Geand Army of the Kepublic. 

Brevet Brigadier-General Geo. P. Foster, Colonel 4tli Vermont 
Infantry, was appointed Provisional Commander, by GenerjLl 
Orders, Headquarters Grand Army of the Republic, July 6, 1868. 
A Convention to organize a permanent Department assembled in 
Montpelier, October 23, when General Foster was elected Depart- 
ment Commander. 

Annual Meetings of tlie Department have been held as fol- 
lows : 

I. October 23, 1868, Montpelier ; II. January 29, 1869, Mont- 
pelier ; III. January 26, 1870, Burlington ; IV. January 12, 1871, 
Rutland ; V. January 12, 1872, Burlington ; VI. January 30, 1873, 
St. Albans ; VII. January 21, 1874, Brattleboro ; VIII. January 
26, 1875, Montpelier ; IX. January 27, 1876, Montpelier ; X. Janu- 
ary 24, 1877, Burlington ; XI. January 30, 1878, Burlington ; XII. 
January 21, 1879, Rutland ; XIII. February 19, 1880, Rutland ; 
XIV. February 24, 1881, Brattleboro; XV. February 10, 1882, 
Brattleboro; XVI. February 9, 1883, Bennington ; XVII. January 
30, 1884, Bennington ; XVIII. February 4, 1885, Rutland ; XIX. 
January 29, 1886, Burlington ; XX. January 20, 1887, St. Albans ; 
XXI. January 31, 1888, St. Johnsbury. 

SEMI-ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

On August 6-8, 1873, a Semi-annual Encampment was held in 
connection with a reunion of Veterans of the State, which was 
organized by Department Commander Wheelock G. Veazey and 
the Department officers. It was attended by over 2,500 veterans. 
Commander-in-Chief Chas. Devens, Jr., Past Junior Vice-Com- 
mander-in-Chief J. R. Hawley, General John C. Robinson, General 
A. Doubleday, General S. G. Griffin, General Geo. J. Stannard and 
Chaplain H. Clay Trumbull were present and made addresses. 
This was the first general reunion in the State, and being under 
the management of the Grand Army, it gave a decided impetus to 
the Order in tliis Department. Semi-annual meetings have since 
been held: August 18, 1882, Rutland; September 7, 1883, St. 
Johnsbury. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1868-69, *George P. Foster, died March 19,1879; 1870-71, 
William W. Henry, Post 2, Burlington ; 1872-73, AVheelock G. 

• Deceased. 



Department of Vermont. 397 

Veazey, Post 14, Rutland (see Judge-Advocate-General, Chapter 
XXVI); 1874-75, Stephen Thomas, Post 13, Montpelier ; 1876-77, 
T. S. Peck, Post 2, Burlington ; 1878-79, J. H. Goulding, Post 14, 
Rutland ; 1880-81, Geo W. Hooker, Post 8, Brattleboro ; 1882-83, 
A. B. Valentine, Post 42, Bennington ; 1884, C. C. Kinsman, 
Post 14, Rutland ; 1885, Wm. L. Greenleaf, Post 2, Burlington ; 

1886, George T. Childs, Post CO, St. Albans ; 1887, Pearl D. 
Blodgett, Post 1, St. Johnsbury ; 1888, Herbert E. Taylor, Post 8, 
Brattleboro. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868-69, *W. W. Henry ; 1870-71, Geo. S. Redfield, Post 6, 
Ludlow ; 1872, R. H. Start, Post 2, Burlington ; 1873, *T. S. Peck ; 
1874, G. E. Selleck, Post 8, Brattleboro ; 1875, J. N. Culver, Post 
20, St. Albans ; 1876, Elijah Wales, Post 8, Brattleboro ; 1877, C. 
D. Williams, Post 23, Northfield ; 1878-79, A. J. Noyes, Post 42, 
Bennington ; 1880-81, C. A. Bundy, Post 28, Arlington ; 1882-83, 
L. D. Savage, Post 46, Waitsfield ; 1884, C. D. Gates, Post 10, 
Cambridge ; 1885, C. E. Graves, Post 42, Bennington ; 1886, Ran- 
som E. Hathorn, Post 33, Ludlow ; 1887, Joseph Frost, Post 42, 
Bennington ; 1888, T. C. Middlebrook, Post 3, Vergennes. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868-69, Lewis Bisbee, Post 26, Newport; 1870-71, Albert 
Clarke, Post 20, St. Albans ; 1872, H. E. Taylor, Post 8, Brattle- 
boro ; 1873, M. B. Carpenter, Post 20, St. Albans ; 1874, H. S. 
Hard, Post 28, Arlington ; 1875, L. E. Knapp, Post 16, Middle- 
bury ; 1876, tC. D. Williams ; 1877, H. S. Hard, Post 28, Arling- 
ton ; 1878-79, R. J. Coffey, Post 13, Montpelier ; 1880-81, E. R. 
Campbell, Post 18, Brandon ; 1882-83, W. H. Gilmore, Post 17, 
Eairlee ; 1884, S. H. Wood, Post 60, St. Albans ; 1885, H. K. Ide, 
Post 1, St. Johnsbury; 1886, Edwin H. Trick, Post 2, Burlington ; 

1887, H. A. Boomhouer, Post 10, Cambridge; 1888, Thos. T. Far- 
rell. Post 22, Waterbury. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1868-69, Henry Janes, Waterbury ; 1870, Samuel W. Thayer, 
Post 2, Burlington ; 1871-72, W. P. Russell, Post 16, Middlebury; 



To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice Commander. 



398 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

1873, *H. H. Laugdon, Post 2, Burliugtou ; 1874, Cbas. L. Allen, 
Post 14, Pvutlaiul ; 1875-77, C. P. Thayer, Post 2, Burlington ; 
1878, Samuel Worcester, Post 2, Burlington; 1879-80, A. T. 
Woodward, Post 18, Brandon ; 1881, J. C. Kutlierford, Post 26, 
Newport ; 1882-83, E. H. Pettingill, Post 34, Saxton's Kiver ; 
1881r-85, A. H. Chesmore, Post 50, Huntington ; 1886, J. C. Kutli- 
erford, Post 26, Newport ; 1887, J. W. Hanralian, Post 14, Eut- 
land ; 1888, Gates B. Bullard, Post 1, St. Jolmsbury. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1868-69, Durrell W. Dayton, Post 2, Burlington ; 1870, Har- 
vey Webster, Post 10, Cambridge, and 1871-73, Post 86, Essex ; 

1874, L. D. Ames, Post 9, West Randolph ; 1875-77, N. M. Gla- 
zier, Post 13, Montpelier; 1878, Daniel C. Roberts, Post 18, 
Brandon ; 1879, G. G. Jones, Post 42, Bennington ; 1880, U. A. 
Woodbury, Post 2, Burlington; 1881, Geo. E. Selleek, Post 8, 
Brattleboro ; 1882-83, J. K. Richardson, Post 14, Rutland ; 
1884, D. R. Lowell, Post 14, Rutland ; 1885, Elisha Snow, Post 
33, Ludlow ; 1886, H. A. Bushnell, Post 10, Cambridge ; 1887, E. 
J. Ranslow, Post 64, Wells River ; 1886, W. S. Jenne, Post 16, 
Glover. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1868, C. J. Lewis, Middlesex ; resigned August 15, 1869 ; suc- 
ceeded by tT. S. Peck, Post 2, Burlington ; 1871, *W. H. Root, 
Post 2, Burlington (died March 11, 1886) ; 1872-73, tJoseph H. 
Gouldiug, Post 14, Rutland ; 1874-75, J. O. Livingston, Post 13, 
Montpelier ; 1876-79, Eben Taplin, Post 2, Burlington ; 1880-81, 
H. E. Taylor, Post 8, Brattleboro ; 1882-83, fC. C. Kinsman, Post 
14, Rutland ; 1884, S. E. Burnham, Post 14, Rutland ; 1885, Jas. 
B. Scully, Post 2, Burlington ; 1886, Seymour H. Wood, Post 60, 
St. Albans ; resigned June 10 ; Wm. C. Schroder, Post 2, Bur- 
lington ; 1887, Dennis E. May, Post 1, St. Johnsbury ; 1888, E. H. 
Putnam, Post 8, Brattleboro. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1868-69, Fred. E. Smith, Post 13, Montpelier ; 1870-71, Pome- 

roy Loomis, Post 2, Burlington ; 1872-73, Levi G. Kingsley, Post 

14, Rutland ; 1874-75, C. B. Wilson, Post 13, Montpelier ; 1876-79, 

E. E. Greenleaf, Post 2, Burlington ; 1880-84, tAV. L. Greenleaf, 

* Deceased. f To Department Commander. 



Department of Vermont. 399 

Post 2, Burlington ; 1885-87, E. E. Greenleaf, Post 2, Burlington ; 
March 3d, 1887, E. N. Peck, Post 2, Burlington ; 1888, Thos. Han- 
non, Post 8, Brattleboro. 

inspectors. 
1868-69, Horace W. Floyd ; 1870-72, John J. Bain, Jr., Post 2, 
Burlington; 1873, Fred. E. Smith, Post 13, Montpelier ; 1874, 
George Nichols, Post 23, Northfield ; 1875, H. E. Taylor, Post 8, 
Brattleboro ; 1876, C. F. Spaulding, Post 2, Burlington ; resigned 
April 24 ; succeeded by Loomis J. Smith, Post 2, Burlington ; 
1878, Chas. A. Curtis, Post 23, Northfield ; 1879, H. W. Love, 
Post 2, Burlington ; 1880-81, H. M. Currier, Post 8, Brattleboro ; 
1882-84, C. A. Bundy, Post 28, Arlington ; 1885-86, D. L. Mor- 
gan, Post 14, Eutland ; 1887, Adrian T. Woodward, Post 14, Kut- 
land ; 1888, Mark J. Sargent, Post 93, South Royalton. 

JUDGE- ADVOCATES. 

1870-71, C. D. Gates, Post 10, Cambridge ; 1872, Hugh Henry, 
Post 25, Chester ; 1873, W. W. Grout, Post 16, Barton ; 1874-76, 
Willard Farrington, Post 20, St. Albans ; 1877, Henry Ballard, 
Post 2, Burlington ; 1878, J. C. Baker, Post 14, Rutland ; 1879, 
F. G. Butterfield, Post 34, Saxton's River ; 1880-81, Wheelock G. 
Veazey, Post 14, Rutland ; 1882-83, Kittridge Haskins, Post 8, 
Brattleboro ; 1884, H. A. Huse, Post 13, Montpelier ; 1885-86, Le- 
vant M. Read, Post 34, Bellows Falls ; 1887, H. C. Bates, Post 1, 
St. Johnsbury ; 1888, Geo. W. Burleson, Post 60, St. Albans. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1873-75, L. E. Sherman, Post 6, Ludlow ; 1876-78, R. J. Cof- 
fey, Post 13, Montpelier ; 1878-79, J. H. Dyer, Post 14, Rutland ; 
1880-81, W. y/. Henry, Post 2, Burlington ; 1882-83, H. E. Tay- 
lor, Post 8, Brattleboro ; 1884-85, R. J. Coffey, Post 13, Mont- 
pelier ; 1886, W. C. Schroder, Post 2, Burlington ; 1887, D. J. 
Safford, Post 4, Morrisville ; 1888, H. W. Kingsley, Post 14, Rut- 
land. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1868-69 — N. C. Sawyer, Brattleboro ; Wm. G. Cummings, Bar- 
net ; Linus E. Sherman, Post 6, Ludlow ; John F. Law ; Geo. W. 
Cook, Post 1, St. Johnsbury. 

1870— Geo. H. Bigelow, Post 2, Burlington ; Edward H. Rip- 



^00 OtiAM) Army of the Eepublic. 

ley, Post 14, Eutlaud ; H. E. Taylor, Post 8, Brattleboro ; P. D. 
Blodgett, Post 1, St. JohiisLiiry ; Geo. B. French, Post 22, Wood- 
stock. 

1871— Chas. Cade, Post 11, Cabot ; U. A. Woodbury, Post 2, 
Burlington ; H. M. Currier, Post 8, Brattleboro ; Geo. B. French, 
Post 22, Woodstock ; W. G. Veazey, Post 14, Kutland. 

1872— Geo. H. Kittredge, Post 20, St. Albans ; Richard Smith, 
Post 29, Tunbridge ; H. E. Benson, Post 7, Springfield ; Hiram 
Cook, Post 31, Huntington ; John E, Pratt, Post 26, Bennington. 

1873— R. E. Hathorn, Post 6, LudloAv; E. J. McWain, Post 9, 
West Randolph ; Albert Clarke, Post 20, St. Albans ; W. H. Gil- 
more, Post 17, Bradford ; H, S. Hard, Post 28, Arlington. 

1874— Roswell Farnham, Post 17, Bradford ; E. A. Howe, Post 
6, Ludlow ; J. C. Baker, Post 14, Rutland ; F. S. Stranahan, Post 
20, St. Albans ; J. W. Hastings. Post 7, Springfield. 

1875— .1. H. Goulding, Post 14, Rutland ; B. Cannon, Jr., Post 
8, Brattleboro ; Willard Holden, Post 28, Arlington ; L. D. Sav- 
age, Post 30, Waitsfield ; W. H. Gilmore, Post 19, Bradford. 

1876— J. H. Goulding, B. Cannon, Jr., AYillard Holden, L. D. 
Savage, re-elected ; P. P. Pitkin, Post 13, Montpelier. 

1877— J. H. Goulding, P. P. Pitkin, re-elected ; A. J. Noyes, 
Post 42, North Bennington ; J. W. Newton, Post 20, St. Albans ; 
Elijah Wales, Post 8, Brattleboro. 

1878— P. P. Pitkin, Elijah Wales, re-elected ; Willard Earring- 
ton. Post 20, St. Albans ; A. J. Pike, Post 41, Readsboro ; Willard 
Holden, Post 28, Arlington. 

1879— Wheelock G. Veazey, Post 14, Rutland ; T. S. Peck, Post 
2, Burlington ; Geo. W. Hooker, Post 8, Brattleboro ; J. M. Pol- 
and, Post 13, Montpelier ; C. A. Bundy, Post 28, Arlington. 

1880— Wheelock G. Veazey, re-elected ; P. P. Pitkin, Post 13, 
Montpelier ; Geo. W. Doty, Post 4, Morrisville ; H. K. Ide, Post 
1, St. Johnsbury ; J. B. Atwood, Post 45, Chelsea. 

1881— J. B. Atwood, re-elected ; L. M. Read, Post 34, Bellows 
Falls ; L. D. Savage, Post 36, Waitsfield ; A. B. Valentine, Post 
42, Bennington ; AVarreu Gib])s, Post 2, Burlington. 

1882— Warren Gibbs, re-elected; N. S. Capen, Post 18, Bran- 
don ; M. J. Horton, Post 49, Poultney ; C. C. Kinsman, Post 14, 
Rutland ; C. E. Graves, Post 42, Bennington. 



Depaetment of Veemont. 401 

1883— Warren Gibbs, C. E. Graves, re-elected ; J. A. Benedict, 
Post 49, Poultney ; N. P. Bowman, Post 1, St. Johnsbury ; C. E. 
Parker, Post 3, Vergennes. 

1884— C. E. Graves, re-elected ; H. E. Taylor, Post 8, Brattle- 
boro ; E. E. Hatliorn, Post 33, Ludlow ; M. J. Leach, Post 55, 
Wolcott ; H. O. Edson, Post 14, Eutland. 

1885— R. J. Coffey, Post 35, Windsor ; J. G. Morse, Post 10, 
Cambridge ; J. H. Walbridge, Post 42, Bennington ; W. H. Gil- 
more, Post 17, Bradford ; G. H. Bond, Post 8, Brattleboro. 

1886— R. J. Coffey, re-elected ; J. W. Parkliurst, Post 53, Fair- 
haven ; D. E. May, Post 1, St. Johnsbury ; D. L. Herrick, Post 8, 
Brattleboro ; H. A. Boomhouer, Post 10, Cambridge. 

1887— D. E. May, re-elected ; D. L. Morgan, Post 14, Rutland ; 
C. D. Gibson, Post 42, Bennington ; A. H. Chesmore, Post 50, 
Huntington ; H. G. Day, Post 17, Bradford. 

1888— A. D. Beckwith, Post 34, Bellows Falls ; D. J. Safford, 
Post 4, Morrisville ; L. C. Leavens, Post 9, West Burke ; C. E. 
Graves, Post 42, Bennington ; S. W. Parkhurst, Post 1, St. 
Johnsbury. 

GENEEAL GEO. J. STANNAED. 

The Department has undertaken the work of securing funds 
for a monument over the grave of General Geo. J. Stannard, who 
died in Washington, June 3, 1886, The Legislature appropriated 
$500 as a nucleus for this purpose. General Stannard was com- 
missioned Lieutenant-Colonel 2d Vermont Volunteer Infantry, in 
May, 1861 ; and was, in May, 1862, assigned as Colonel 9th Ver- 
mont Infantry. Promoted Brigadier-General United States Vol- 
unteers, March 12, 1863, and brevetted Major-General United 
States Volunteers, October 28, 1864. General Stannard's prompt 
movement upon the flank of Pickett's division at Gettysburg, won 
for him the strongest commendation of his superiors. He was 
four times wounded, the last time losing an arm in the successful 
assault on Fort Harrison, September 29, 1864. He remained in 
the service a number of years after the war. 

VEEMONT SOLDIEES' HOME. 

The question of a Soldiers' Home in Vermont was agitated for 
some years, but did not take a practical direction until 1884, when 
numerous petitions were sent to the Legislature at Montpelier, 
28 



402 Grand Army of the Republic. 

for the establisliment of a Home for Vermont's veterans, and the 
result was the passage of a bill incorporating as a Board of Trus- 
tees : Redtield Proctor, Frederick Billings, C. C. Kinsman, A. B. 
Franklin, Hugh Henry, P. P. Pitkin, J. C. Stearns, Franklin Fair- 
banks, Josiah Grout, George T. Childs, H. K. Ide, William AVells, 
Julius J. Estey, A. B. Valentine, Warren Gibbs, Z. M. Mansur, 
Frank Kenfield, A. S. Tracy, and their associates and successors. 
It is provided that " The whole number of said trustees shall 
never exceed eighteen, fifteen of whom shall be members of the 
Department of Vermont, Grand Army of the Republic, and when- 
ever any vacancy shall occur among said fifteen, the remaining 
trustees shall select from the Department of Vermont, Grand 
Army of the Republic, a trustee to fill such vacancy." 

A splendid estate situated in Bennington, which was given by 
the late Hon. T. W. Park for the purpose of an Old Ladies' Home, 
but which, owing to the sudden death of Mr. Park, was not suf- 
ficiently endowed, was offered by the Trustees of the Old Ladies' 
Home to the Trustees of the Soldiers' Home for the purposes as 
set forth by the Act above quoted. The offer was gladly and 
thankfully accepted, and the Legislatures of 1884 and 1886 made 
ample appropriations for the enlargement of the buildings and 
supj)ort of Vermont's disabled veterans. 

The grounds of the Home consist of 200 acres, meadow and 
pasture, with several beautiful groves, all surrounded by moun- 
tain scenery rarely equalled. Pure spring water in abundance is 
brought from the adjacent hills to supply the wants of the Home, 
and to make one of the finest fountains in the world, the waters 
of which are thrown in a steady stream 180 feet in height. With 
comparatively small expenditure, the old buildings have been en- 
larged, so as to accommodate all the veterans of the State needing 
such a refuge. 

The extensive grounds, home-like buildings, beautiful sur- 
roundings, and kind care, make it a home in fact as well as in 
name. Comrade R. J. Coffey, a veteran of the 1st and 4th Ver- 
mont Regiments, is now Superintendent, and his wife is Matron 
of the Home. 

General William Wells, of Burlington, is President of the 
Board of Trustees. The general supervision of the Home and its 
financial management, are in charge of a special committee of 
Trustees, of which Comrjxde A. B. Valentine is the resident 
member. 



Department op Massachusetts. 403 

grand army badge. 

By Act of the Legislature of Vermont, it is made a misde- 
meanor for any person, not a member, to wear a badge of tlie 
Grand Army of the Republic. The punishmant for any infraction 
of this law, is imprisonment in the House of Correction for not 
exceeding 30 days, or fine, not exceeding $20, or by both such fine 
and imprisonment. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

Memorial Day is a legal holiday in Vermont. 



DEPARTMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

The first secret society of soldiers who had served during the 
rebellion, as enlisted men, was formed in Fitchburg, Massachu- 
setts, in May, 1865, under the title. The Fitchburg Circle of 
Massachusetts Veterans. 

The organization was the result of a conference had at the 
funeral of a comrade who had there died in destitute circum- 
stances. At the first meeting, "Walter A. Eames was chosen Pres- 
ident, and Richard Tucker, Secretary. The constitution adopted 
provided for the admission of persons honorably discharged from 
the military or naval service of the United States, " provided, 
however, that all such persons must at some period of their term 
of service have been in the ranks." 

It was evident that the society was not favorably disposed to 
military titles. The officers were Worthy Master, Worthy Sub- 
masters, Recording Secretary, Financial Secretary, Trustees, a 
Relief Committee, one Usher, one Picket, one Guard. Later a 
Sergeant-at-arms was added, to introduce candidates for initia- 
tion. 

Other Circles were formed, and in December, 1865, a Grand 
Lodge was organized under the title, 

grand union army and navy veterans. 

Under this, the Fitchburg Circle took a charter, dated Janu- 
ary 2, 1866, as " Taylor Union, No. 1, Army and Navy Veterans," 



404 



Grand Army of the Republic. 



the name being chosen in honor of the first soldier killed of those 
who had enlisted from Fitchbnrg. 

AValter A. Eames was made Grand AYorthy Master of the Grand 
Lodge, and P. H. Fletcher, Grand Worthy Secretary, Nearly 
twenty snbordinate Unions were formed. 

The Grand Arm}' of the Republic had been organized in the 
State for some months when the subject of joining with it was 
agitated, as members of the Union believed that its more general 
character give better promise of permanence. In Jul}^ 1867, 
Richard Tucker, on behalf of the Taylor Union, made application 
for a charter for a Post at Fitchburg, and on August 20th, 18C7, 
the applicants were mustered as E. Y. Sumner Post No. 19. 



A POLITICAL ASSOCIATION. 

The " Soldiers' and Sail- 
ors' Union " of Massachu- 
setts, a political association, 
was represented in the Pitts- 
burgh Convention, Septem- 
ber 24, 1866, by Generals B. 
F. Butler, N. P. Banks, and 
Chas. Devens, Jr., Major A. 
S. Cushman, Chaplain A. H. 
Quint, and other soldiers of 
that State. 

General Devens, Major 
Cushman and Chaplain 
(Jiiint were there initiated 
into the Grand Army of the 
Republic by Major O. M. 
Wilson, of Indiana. It was 
agreed that General Devens should act as Provisional Com- 
mander, and each of the comrades named was provided Avith Con- 
stitutions and Rituals, and authorized to organize Posts. 

Wliile Major Cushman was returning from Pittsburgh to his 
homo in New Bedford, he met David B. Coleman, then of the 
State police, to whom he communicated his earnest desire to se- 
cure in New Bedford the organization of the first Post in Massa- 
cliusetts. Imiiifdiatoly upon their arrival, they proceeded to ob- 
tain names to an application for a charter, and a meeting for or- 




Major a. S. Cushman. 



Department of Massachusetts. 405 

ganization was held on September 29, when Major Cushman was 
chosen Post Commander. 

The application and charter-fee were forwarded through Gen- 
eral Devens, and later a charter was received for the Post, from 
Springfield, Illinois, under the title. Post No. 1, New Bedford, 
District of Bristol, Department of Massachusetts. This charter 
was signed by General Hurlbut, Commander-in-Chief, and B. F. 
Stej^henson, Adjutant-General, and was dated back to October 4, 
1866, the date of the application. 

The charter-members were A. S. Cushman, G. R. Hurlbut, 
Alonzo H. X^uint, E. H. Robbins, Thos. Edwards, D. B. Coleman, 
Wm. S. Cobb. This was the first Post chartered in the East, and 
the Post has maintained its organization from that time. This 
charter was later duplicated by one issued October 14, that the 
Post might have the first charter issued by Comrade Cushman, 
who, upon the earnest request of General Devens, had accepted 
the position of Provisional Commander. He appointed Thos, 
Edwards, of New Bedford, as Assistant Adjutant-General. Soon 
after the formation of Post 1, Comrade Coleman mustered Post 2, 
at Nantucket, but this Post did not maintain its organization, and 
on February 26, 1880, that number was assigned the present Post 
2, South Boston. Other Posts were organized under Commander 
Cushman, as follows : Post 3, Taunton, January 2, 1867 ; Post 4, 
Melrose, February 19, 1867 ; Post 5, Lynn, February 27, 1867 ; 
Post 6, Holliston, March 8, 1867; Post 7, Boston, March 1, 1867; 
Post 8, Middleboro', March 10, 1867 ; Post 10, Worcester, April 
13, 1867. These Posts, with Post 1, are still working under their 
original charters. 

Upon the organization of Post No. 10, a convention to or- 
ganize the permanent Department was called to meet in New Bed- 
ford, May 7, 1867, when Major Cushman was elected Department 
Commander. 

General Orders No. 9, issued during this term, was intended to 
better present the objects of the Grand Army of the Republic to the 
people of Massachusetts, and counteract the prevailing impres- 
sion that it Avas a political organization. " To secure unity, 
promote concord, and establish fraternity of feeling throughout 
the Department, it is essential we should not compromise our 
position by entering the arena of politics upon every issue 
that may be created, as such issues are ever changing and are 
soon numbered with the past. Therefore, all political action on 



406 



GiiiVND Army of the Republic. 




Henry B. Peikce, A. A. G., 1871-1875. 



the part of Posts in this 
command is prohibited. 
All resolutions and official 
action taken by Posts and 
designed for publication, 
must be invariably for- 
warded through the prop- 
er channels to these Head- 
quarters for the approval 
of the Grand Commander. 
Any infraction or viola- 
tion of this order will be 
immediately reported by 
Post and District Com- 
manders." 

In the fall of 1867, Gen- 
eral Philip H. Sheridan 
visited Boston and had an enthusiastic reception. Though the no- 
tice of the visit was extremely short. Department Commander 
Cushman arranged and successfully carried through the details 
of a torch-light procession of Grand Army Posts in honor of Gen- 
eral Sheridan. This, the first parade of the Order in Massachu- 
setts, attracted immense crowds along the route and brought the 
Grand Army most favorably to the attention of the general pub- 
lic. 

Upon the suggestion of Colonel Fred. J. Bramhall, Assistant 
Adjutant-General, Department of New York, Commander Cush- 
man called an informal conference at Springfield, Massachusetts, 
of officers of the Departments of Massachusetts, Connecticut, 
Rhode Island and New York, with Senior Vice-Commander-in- 
Chief McKean also present, to consider matters of importance 
requiring action at the National Encampment to be held in Phila- 
delphia, January, 1868. It was then agreed that certain changes 
in the Rules and Regulations and Ritual should be drawn up by 
Major C ashman, in accordance with conclusions reached at this 
conference, and which were presented to the Encampment, and 
adopted, as stated on page 81. 

Annual meetings of the Department have been held as fol- 
lows : 

I. May 7, 1867, New Bedford ; II. January 8, 1868, Boston ; 



Department of Massachusetts. 407 

III. January 20, 1869, Worcester ; IV. January 10, 1870, New 
Bedford; V. January 18, 1871, Lowell; VI. January 17, 1872, 
Springfield ; VII. January 15, 1873, Boston ; VIII. January 21, 
1874, Fitcliburg ; IX. January 20, 1875, Salem ; X. January 19, 
1876, Lawrence ; XL January 17, 1877, Boston ; XIL January 16, 
1878, Boston ; XIIL January 29, 1879, Boston ; XIV. January 
28, 1880, Lynn ; and afterwards in Boston, on the following dates : 
XV. January 26, 1881 ; XVL January 30, 1882 ; XVIL January 
29, 1883 ; XVIIL January 30, 1884 ; XIX. January 30, 1885 ; 
XX. January 27, 1886 ; XXI. January 27, 1887 ; XXIL Febru- 
ary 8, 1888. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS 

1866, Provisioned, A. S. Cushman, Post 1, New Bedford ; 1867, 

A. S. Cushman ; 1868, A. B. E. Sprague, Post 10, Worcester (see 
Quartermaster-General, Chapter XII) ; 1869, F. A. Osborn, Post 
15, Boston ; 1870, *James L. Bates, Post 58, Weymouth ; died No- 
vember 11, 1875 ; 1871, William Cogswell, Post 34, Ssdem (see 
Judge-Advocate-General, Chapter XVI) ; 1872, Henry R. Sibley, 
Post 11, Charlestown (see Adjutant-General, Chapter XIII); 1873, 
*A. B. Underwood, Post 62, Newton ; died January 14, 1888 ; 
1874, John W. Kimball, Post 19, Fitchburg ; 1875, Geo. S. Mer- 
rill, Post 39, Lawrence (see Commander-in-Chief, Chapter XX) ; 
1876-78, Horace Binney Sargent, Post 15, Boston ; 1879, John G. 

B. Adams, Post 5, Lynn ; 1880, *John A. Hawes, Post 1, New 
Bedford ; died March 10th, 1883 ; 1881, Geo. W. Creasey, Post 49, 
Newburyport ; 1882, *George H. Patch, Post 142, Saxonville ; died 
July 26, 1887 ; 1883, George S. Evans, Post 30, Cambridgeport 
(see Inspector-General, Chapter XXVI) ; 1884, John D. Billings, 
Post 94, Canton ; 1885, John W. Hersey, Post 16, Springfield ; 
1886, R. F. Tobin, Post 2, South Boston ; 1887, Charles D. Nash, 
Post 78, Whitman; 1888, Myron P. Walker, Post 97, Belcher- 
town. 



SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, A. A. Goodale, Post 10, Worcester ; 1868, Geo. H. Pier- 

* Deceased. 



408 



Geand Army of the Republic. 




Jas. F. Meech, a. a. G., 1876-1883. 



son, Post 34, Salem ; 1869, 
Josiah Pickett, Post 10, 
Worcester ; 1870, H. M. 
Phillips, Post 16, Spring- 
field; 1871, Wm. Spauld- 
ing, Post 11, Charlestown ; 
1872, W. S. B. Hopkins, 
Post 120, Greenfield; 1873, 
*J. W. Kimball; 1874, Clias. 
H. Taylor, Post 139, Som- 
erville; 1875, C. Frank Lu- 
: tlier. Post 79, North Adams; 
1876, J. L. Skinner, Post 
36, Amherst; 1877, *Geo. 
S. Evans ; 1878, *John G. 
B. Adams ; 1879, *John A. 
Hawes; 1880, Thos. H. Hill, 
Post 33, Woburn; 1881, 
Benjamin S. Lovell, Post 58, Weymouth ; 1882, William H. Hart, 
Post 35, Chelsea ; 1883, Mohn D. Billings ; 1884, *John W. Her- 
sey ; 1885, *E. F. Tobin ; 1886, *Chas. D. Nash ; 1887, Edmnnd C. 
Whitney, Post 68, Dorchester ; 1888, George L. Goodale, Post G6, 
Medford. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, Benjamin A. Bridges, Post 6, Holliston ; 1868, Mason W. 
Burk, Post 3, Taunton ; 1869, tH. C. Lee, Post 16, Springfield ; 
1870, tW. O. Fiske, Post 42, Lowell; 1871, S. E. Chamberlain, 
Post 30, Cambridgeport ; 1872, Gardner A. Churchill, Post 68, 
Dorchester ; 1873, Lemuel Pope, Post 135, Acton ; 1874, J. S. Fay, 
Post 43, Marlboro' ; 1875, J. P. Maxfield, Post 42, Lowell ; 1876, 
Herbert E, Hill, Post 139, Somerville (see Junior Vice-Com- 
mander-in-Chief, Chapter XVII) ; 1877, *George H. Patch ; 1878, 
:{:John A, Hawes ; 1879, Samuel B. Spooner, Post 16, Springfield ; 
1880, IBenj. S. Lovell ; 1881, Eoyal B. Wight, Post 63, Natick ; 
1882, tJohn D. Billings ; 1883, William A. Sloane, Post 37, Spen- 
cer ; 1884, tPifhard F. Tobin ; 1885, ^Charles D. Nash ; 1886, 
itEdmund C. Whitney ; 1887, James Kittle, Post 125, Pittsfield ; 
1888, George H. lunis, Post "2, South Boston. 



To Department Commander. f Deceased. X To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Department of Massachusetts. 409 

MEDICAL directors. 

1867, J. H. Mackie, Post 1, New Bedford ; 1868, J. Marcus 
Eeese, Post 10, Worcester ; 1869-70, Samuel A. Green, Post 15, 
Boston (to Surgeon-General, Chapter IX) ; 1871, C. E. Kice, Post 
16, Springfield ; 1872, Joel Seaverns, Post 26, Boston ; 1873, D. 
D. Gilbert, Post 68, Dorchester ; 1874, Geo. B. Cogswell, Post 52, 
North Easton ; 1875, Albert Wood, Post 10, Worcester ; 1876-80, 
W. Symington Brown, Post 75, Stoneham ; 1881-82, Azel Ames, 
Jr., Post 12, Wakefield (to Surgeon-General, Chapter XXI); 1883, 
James H. Wright, Post 63, Natick ; 1884, James Oliver, Jr., Post 
123, Athol ; 1885, Walter H. Leighton, Post 42, Lowell ; 1886, C. 
D. Hendrickson, Post 17, Orange ; 1887, J. B. Cherry, Post 7, 
Boston ; 1888, Benjamin A. Sawyer, Post 47, Haverhill. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1867-68, N. M. Gaylord, Post 15, Boston ; 1869, W. G. Scan- 
Ian, Post 24, Grafton ; 1870, Horace James, Post 42, Lowell ; 1871, 
Miles Sandford, Post 98, Pittsfield ; 1872-74, George S. Ball, Post 
105, Upton ; 1875, *Warren H. Cudworth, Post 23, East Boston 
(see page 414) ; 1876-77, J. F. Lovering, Post 81, Watertown (see 
Chaplain-in-Chief, Chapter XV); 1878, Wm. H. Savage, Post 
53, Leominster ; 1879-82, John W. Lee, Post 11, Charlestown ; 
1883, John W. Lee, Post 12, Wakefield ; 1884, Kichard Eddy, Post 
4, Melrose ; 1885-86, E. A. Perry, Post 107, Palmer ; 1887-88, E. 
A. Horton, Post 113, Boston. 

assistant adjutants-general. 

1866, Thomas Edwards, Post 1, New Bedford ; 1867, J. T. Lur- 
vey, Post 4, Melrose ; 1868-69, Thos, Sherwin, Post 15, Boston ; 
1870, *S. Hovey, Jr., Post 15, Boston ; 1870-75, Henry B. Peirce, 
Post 73, Abington ; 1876, Chas. W. Thompson, Post 15, Boston ; . 
resigned May 15 ; succeeded by James F. Meech, Post 10, Wor- 
cester, who served until January, 1883 ; 1883-88, Alfred C. Mon- 
roe, Post 13, Brockton ; Headquarters, Boston. 

Comrades Peirce, Meech and Monroe have thus served over a 
period of 18 years. 

* Deceased. 



410 



Grand Army of the Republic. 



ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 




A. C. Monroe, A. A. G., 1883-1888. 



1867-68, H. J. Hall- 
^reen, Post 7, Boston ; 
1869-75, W. S. Greenougli, 
Post 23, East Boston; 1876- 
81, Edward T. Raymond, 
Post 10, Worcester; 1882, 
George L. Goodale, Post 
66, Medford; 1883, Chas. 
O. Fellows, Post 35, Chel- 
sea ; 1884, Tlios. E. Bar- 
ker, Post 40, Maiden; 1885, 
W. W. Scott, Post 10, 
Worcester; 1886, John H. 
O'Donnell, Post 2, South 
Boston; 1887, Augustus H. 
Wright, Post 73, Abing- 
ton; 1888, Ephraim Stearns, 
Post 29, Waltham. 



INSPECTORS. 

1869, O. Moulton, Boston; 1870, H. B. Peirce, Post 73, 
Abington ; resigned August 15 (see Assistant Adjutant-General) ; 
Chas. O. Welch, Post 57, E. Cambridge, who served 1871-72 ; 1873 
-74, E. B. Blasland, Post 125, South Boston ; 1875, George R. 
Kelso, Post 11, Charlestown ; 1876-78, Samuel Dalton, Post 34, 
Salem ; 1879, *George W. Creasey, Post 49, Newburyport ; 1880, 
Thos. H. Hill, Post 33, Woburn ; 1881-82, William L. Baird, Post 
5, Lynn ; 1883, Horace A. Sawyer, Post 5, Lynn ; 1884, Samuel A. 
Cushing, Jr., Post 68, Dorchester ; 1885-87, B. Read Wales, Post 
68, Dorchester ; 1888, fAustin C. Wellington, Post 113, Boston ; 
died September, 18, 1888. 



JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 



1870, E. O. Shepard; 1871, fC. F. Walcott, Post 30, Cam- 
bridg.^ ; 1872-74, AV. W. Blackmar, Post 113, Boston ; 1875, H. M. 
Burleigh, Post 133, Atliol ; succeeded, November 1, by W. W. 
Blackmar ; 1876, *William Cogswell ; 1877-78, Andrew J. Bailey, 



* To Department Commander. 



f Deceased. 



Department of Massachusetts. . 411 

Post 11, Charlestown; 1879-80, Giles H. Eich, Post 26, Roxbury ; 
1881, William H. Hart, Post 35, Chelsea; 1882, E. B. Loring, 
Post 15, Boston ; 1883, John L. Rice, Post 16, Springfield ; 1884, 
John H. Hardy, Post 36, Arlington ; 1885, Henry Winn, Post 174, 
Greenfield ; 1886-87, John A. Keefe, Post 15, Boston ; 1888, An- 
drew C. Stone, Post 39, Lawrence. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1872-73, George T. Childs, Post 11, Charlestown ; resigned 
December 8 ; succeeded by J. G. B. Adams, Post 5, Lynn ; 1875, 
W. G. Sheen, Post 88, Quincy ; 1876-77, Henry Wilson, Jr., Post 
35, Chelsea ; 1878, Edmund C. Whitney, Post 43, Marlboro' ; re- 
signed November 18 ; Sam. B. Spooner, Post 16, Springfield ; 
1879, Chas. W. Wilcox, Post 22, Milford ; 1880-82, Alfred C. Mon- 
roe, Post 13, Brockton (to Assistant Adjutant-General) ; 1883, E. 
P. Gibbs, Post 9, Hudson ; resigned October 10 ; succeeded by A, 
M. Lunt, Post 57, E. Cambridge ; 1884, Geo. H. Bonney, Jr., Post 
154, Kingston; 1885, Charles Fay, Post 16, Springfield; 1886, 
P. Allen Lindsey, Post 30, Cambridgeport ; 1887, T. Spencer 
Jenks, Post 10, Worcester ; 1888, Joseph B. Parsons, Post 86, 
Northampton. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1867— A. H. Quint, Post 1, New Bedford (to Chaplain-in-Chief, 
Chapter VII) ; S. F. Keyes, Post 7, Boston ; Robert Crossman, 
Post 3, Taunton ; J. G. B. Adams, Post 5, Lynn ; G. H. Long, 
Post 11, Charlestown. 

1868— W. G. Scanlan, Post 24, Grafton ; *H. C. Lee, Post 16, 
Springfield ; F. A. Osborn, Post 15, Boston ; Wm. S. Cobb, Post 
1, New Bedford ; H. R. Sibley, Post 11, Charlestown. 

1869— Wm. S. Cobb, H. R. Sibley, re-elected ; Luke Lyman, 
Post 44, Northampton ; A. B. R. Sprague, Post 10, Worcester ; 
Geo. H. Pierson, Post 34, Salem. 

1870 — W. S. Cobb, H. R. Sibley, Luke Lyman, re-elected ; Jno. 
AY. Kimball, Post 19, Fitchburg ; J. E. Hollis, Post 113, Boston. 

1871— W. S. Cobb, H. R. Sibley, re-elected ; W. O. Fiske, Post 
42, Lowell; J. A. Titus, Post 10, Worcester ; Wm. P. Drury, Post 
35, Chelsea. 

1872— W. O. Fiske, re-elected ; Wm. S. Wood, Post 7, Boston ; 

* Deceased. 



412 Grand Army of the Ri-:public. 

H. M. Phillips, Post 16, Springfield ; H. A. Cusliman, Post 3, 
Taunton ; J. G. B. Adams, Post 5, Lynn. 

1873— Wm. S. Wood, re-elected ; J. P. Maxfield, Post 42, Low- 
ell ; H. E. Hill, Post 139, Somerville ; Henry Wilson, Jr., Post 35, 
Chelsea ; Geo. H. Hoyt, Post 140, Athol. 

1874— J. P. Maxfield, H. E. Hill, re-elected ; J. H. Barnes, Post 
23, East Boston ; G. H. Patch, Post 142, South Framingham ; H. 
S. Briggs, Post 98, Pittsfield. 

1875— H. E. Hill, re-elected ; Chas. K. Conn, Post 33, Woburn ; 
J. M. Cate, Post 12, Wakefield ; Jas. F. Meech, Post 10, Wor- 
cester ; Geo. S. Evans, Post 30, Cambridgeport. 

1876 — James F. Meech, Geo. S. Evans, J. M. Cate, re-elected ; 
Cyrus C. Emery, Post 26, Boston; Jacob Silloway, Jr., Post 94, 
Canton. 

1877 — Cyrus C. Emery, re-elected ; J. G. B. Adams, Post 5, 
Lynn; John McKay, Jr., Post 7, Boston; E. G. W. Cartwright, 
Post 47, Haverhill ; C. W. Wilcox, Post 22, Milford. 

1878— Chas. W. Slade, Post 7, Boston ; Geo. H. Patch, Post 
142, South Framingham ; Geo. W. Creasey, Post 49, Newbury- 
port ; J. Frank Dalton, Post 34, Salem ; George H. Howard, Post 
57, East Cambridge. 

1879— Geo. H. Patch, J. Frank Dalton, Geo. H. Howard, re- 
elected ; Azel Ames, Jr., Post 12, Wakefield ; John F. Bruce, Post 
19, Fitchburg. 

1880— Azel Ames, Jr., Jno. F. Bruce, re-elected ; John Scates, 
Post 7, J5oston ; Chas. A. Stott, Post 42, Lowell ; Benj. A. Bridges, 
Post 6, Holliston. 

1881 — John Scates, Chas. A. Stott, Benj. A. Bridges, re-elected ; 
William A. Sloane, Post 37, Spencer ; William S. Frost, Post 43, 
Marlboro'. 

1882— William A. Sloane, Wm. S. Frost, re-elected ; Wm. S. 
Brown, Post 2, South Boston ; Moses P. Palmer, Post 115, Gro- 
ton ; Chas. H. Parsons, Post 45, Gloucester. 

1883— Chas. H. Parsons, re-elected ; W. W. Scott, Post 10, 
Worcester; Richard F. Tobin, Post 30, Cambridgeport; J. Cush- 
ing Thomas, Post 15, Boston ; Benj. Pitman, Post 82, Marble- 
head. 



Department of Massachusetts. 413 

1884^W. W. Scott, J. C. Thomas, re-elected ; John McDon- 
ough. Post 2, South Boston ; Edward McKay, Post 22, Milford ; 
Chas. H. Tracy, Post 103, Chicopee. 

1885 — John McDonough, Edward McKay, Charles H. Tracy, 
re-elected ; Horace A. Sawyer, Post 5, Lynn ; Samuel Worcester, 
Post 34, Salem. 

1886 — Horace A. Sawyer, Samuel Worcester, re-elected ; George 
L. Goodale, Post 66, Medford ; Frank P. Simonds, Post 63, Nat- 
ick ; Samuel M. Weale, Post 23, East Boston. 

1887 — Geo. L. Goodale, re-elected ; Wm. A. Prescott, Post 35, 
Chelsea ; Arthur A. Smith, Post 20, Colrain ; Malcolm Sillars, 
Post 90, Danvers ; E. P. Jewett, Post 91, Foxboro'. 

1888— AVilliam A. Prescott, Arthur A. Smith, Edward P. Jew- 
ett, Malcolm Sillars, re-elected ; Albert C. Andrews, Post 45, 
Gloucester. 

RELIEF WORK. 

Up to 1877 the Department of Massachusetts had a larger 
membership than any other Department, but of late years it has 
been exceeded in this respect by several other States. It retains, 
however, the first place in the amount of relief annually dis- 
bursed by its Posts. 

To further enlarge and systematize the relief work, and also to 
attend to matters of legislation in the interest of ex-soldiers and 
sailors, the Department lately established the Veteran's Rights 
Union and Employment Bureau in Boston, and appropriated 
$3,000 for expenses of its maintenance. The sum of $1,760.07 was 
donated this Bureau for relief work in 1887, and $1,806.15 expended. 

GEORGE H. PATCH MEMORIAL FUND. 

Past Department Commander George H. Patch, a member of 
Post 63, Natick, died July 26, 1887. $3,195.98 were contributed 
by members and Posts of the Department, and presented to his 
widow. 

POST HALLS. 

By Act approved March 6, 1885, any city or town is author- 
ized to lease to Posts of the Grand Army of the Rejjublic located 
in such city or town any public building or part thereof, except 
school-houses, on such terms as the Board of Aldermen or Se- 



414 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

lectmen may determine. A number of Posts in the Department 
now own the halls in which they meet. The most conspicuous 
of these is General Lander Post No. 5, whose property is valued 
at $80,000. In addition to the Post Hall, which is a large three- 
story brick building, fitted up with a finely furnished Post room, 
banquet-room, kitchen, billiard-room, and library, it has a large 
income from a Coliseum, used for public meetings, concerts, etc. 
Post 35, Chelsea, has a hall costing over $20,000 ; those of Post 
11, Charlestown, and Post 49, Newburyport, are valued at over 
$10,C00 each ; Posts 2, South Boston, 13, Brockton, 58, Weymouth, 
and 68, Dorchester, also own the halls in which they meet. 

STATE AID. 

At the outbreak of the rebellion. Governor John A. Andrew, 
speaking for the people of Massachusetts, said that the family of 
every man who enlisted during the rebellion should be fully pro- 
vided for. This pledge has been kept, and Massachusetts stands 
foremost in its expenditures for the care of veterans and their 
families. 

From 1861, to January 1st, 1888, there had been expended for 
this purpose, $19,395,293.40. During the year 1887, the follow- 
ing numbers were aided : Poor and indigent veterans not drawing 
United States pensions, about 2,000 ; pensioned soldiers, sailors, 
or marines, 2,796 ; wives of veterans, 497 ; widows, 2,436 ; mothers, 
796 ; fathers, 45 : a total of 8,570. 

No special sum is fixed by law, but the town or city authori- 
ties allow such amount as may be required by the necessities of 
each case, ranging from four to eight dollars per month, or in ex- 
treme cases a larger amount. 

Under an act approved May 29, 1888, any person who served 
during the rebellion, who is unable to provide for himself or de- 
pendent family, or the widow or children of a soldier or sailor 
without proper means of support, must be supported, wholly or 
in part, as may be necessary, by the city or town in which he or 
they reside, at his or their own home, or at such other place, 
other than an almshouse, as may be directed by the authorities. 

Posts of the Grand Army may be made disbursing agents 
Tinder the provision that : 

Any city or town may ni)i)ropriatc any sum of money for necessary aid to soldiers 
and sailors and tlieir families, and to the families of the slaiu, and may by special 



Department of Massachusetts. 415 

vote entrust such sum or any part thereof to any Post of the Grand Army of the Re- 
public located in such city or town, to be disbursed under its directions to any such 
persons residing in such city or town : provided, that the treasurer or other financial 
officer of such Post shall make an annual return to such city or town under oath, con- 
taining an itemized and specific statement of the disposition of such sums made by 
such Post during the preceding year, and shall exhibit his vouchers for such dis- 
bursements to any committee of such city or town for examination. 

By amendment to the Constitution, ratified November 8, 1881, 
it is provided : 

Art. XXVIII. No person having served in the army or navy of the United 
States in time of war, and having been honorably discharged from such service, if 
otherwise qualified to vote, shall be disqualified therefore on account of being a pau- 
per; or, if a pauper, because of the non-payment of a poll-tax. 

MASSACHUSETTS SOLDIER's HOME. 

Notwithstanding the generous provision for the veterans of 
Massachusetts, as presented above, the establishment of a State 
Home for disabled, diseased and indigent soldiers and sailors who 
had been compelled to seek shelter and treatment in almshouses 
or other charitable institutions, was early found to be an absolute 
necessity. 

In 1877, Department Commander Horace Binney Sargent 
strongly presented the necessity for prompt action on this sub- 
ject, and in his Memorial Day Order, issued April 30, 1877, in re- 
ferring to the duty imposed in the appropriate decoration of the 
graves of the dead, he said : " This solemn, tender and triumphal 
service for those whose happiness is beyond our care, should be 
so conducted as to force upon the public mind the importance of 
providing for those dying in poverty, of illness, and re-opened 
wounds. For these a Soldiers' Home in Massachusetts must be 
established." 

He suggested immediate action in securing subscriptions 
through collections in churches and at public meetings in differ- 
ent parts of the State. 

These meetings addressed by General Sargent and other mem- 
bers of the Grand Army, and by patriotic citizens, produced most 
excellent results. 

An Act of the Legislature was secured incorporating a Board 
of Trustees for the purpose of establishing the Home. These 
Trustees organized by the election of General Sargent, President ; 
Assistant Adjutant-General Jas. F. Meech, Secretary ; Ex-Gover- 



410 ' Grand Army of the Republic. 

nor AVilliam Gustou, Treasurer. The other members of the Board 
were Ex-Goveruor Alexander H. Eice, General Chas. Devens, Geo. 
S. Evans, Geo. H. Patch, Edward T. Raymond, Rev. Jos. F. Lov- 
ering, Dr. W. Symington Brown, Samuel Dalton, AndreAv J. 
Bailey, Henry AVilsou, Jr., J. G. B. Adams, E. G. W. Cartwright, 
Cyrus C. Emery, Jno. McKay, Jr., and Chas. W. Wilcox. 

The Trustees were greatly encouraged by the munificent gift 
of Ten Thoiisand Dollars from Cajotain Joseph B. Thomas, of 
Charlestown. With this and other moneys then received, they 
purchased the projDerty known as the Highland Park Hotel, on 
Powderhorn Hill, Chelsea, for the sum of $20,000. This jsrop- 
erty, consisting of about four acres of land and a hotel building, 
had cost the former owners $89,000. 

In 1881 a legacy was received from the estate of the late 
Miss Elizabeth P. Sever, which had been bequeathed by her for 
use in a Soldiers' Home. 

In July, 1881, the Home was ready for the reception of in- 
mates. In December of that year, a Grand Bazaar held in Boston 
netted $42,000, thus providing funds for paying the existing in- 
debtedness, and leaving a good surplus for maintenance. 

For three years the Legislature appropriated $15,000 annu- 
ally for maintenance, and then increased the amount to $20,000 
per annum. 

In 1885, increased accommodations were demanded, especially 
for the large number of cases requiring hospital treatment. 

Again the people were appealed to for help ; Posts of the De- 
partment coutril)uted largely, and with the active aid of the 
Woman's Relief Corps, and the Ladies' Aid Association, formed 
especially to assist the Home, a Soldiers' Carnival was held in 
Boston, which netted $02,698.24. 

The new hospital was soon completed. The upper stories 
were handsomely furnished by Mrs. Caroline M. Barnard, of Eve- 
rett, Massachusetts, and named the " Cudworth AVard," in honor 
of the Rev. Warren H. Cudworth, who had served in the army as 
Chaplain 1st Massachusetts Infantry, and in 1875, as Chaplain of 
the Department. He died suddenly, while preaching a Thanks- 
giving Day sermon, November 29th, 1883. 

The Lecture, or Entertainment room, has been named " The 
General Horace Binuey Sargent Hall," in honor of the projector 
of the Home, who, at considerable personal sacrifice, labored so 
zealously and successfully for it. 



Department of Massachusetts. 417 

Over 800 inmates have been received and cared for since the 
opening. Numbers of these, after the rest and care given them 
by a few months of residence, have been able thereafter to care 
for themselves, and thus make room for those more needy. 

The Burial Lot of the Home is at Maiden, where a fine monu- 
ment has been erected by Mrs. Lyman Tucker, of Boston, a mem- 
ber of the Ladies' Aid Association and of the Woman's Relief 
Corps. 

General Jas. A. Cunningham, who was, during the war, 
Colonel 32d Massachusetts Volunteers, and for thirteen years 
after the war, Adjutant-General of the State, is Superintendent of 
the Home and his wife is matron. 

The Ladies' Aid Association of the Soldiers' Home has about 
800 members living in different parts of the State, who, through 
committees, provide delicacies for the sick and many additional 
comforts for the inmates. The different rooms of the Home have 
been mainly furnished by the Woman's Relief Corps, and commit- 
tees are constant in their attendance to cheer the sick and to min- 
ister to the dying. 

The present Board of Trustees (1888) is composed of Past De- 
partment Commander "John G. B. Adams, President ; Past De- 
partment Commander Geo. S. Evans, Secretary ; Past Department 
Commander Geo. W. Creasey, Treasurer ; Past Commander-in- 
Chief George S. Merrill ; Past Department Commander Horace 
Binney Sargent ; Past Department Commander John W. Hersey ; 
Assistant Adjutant-General, A. C. Monroe ; Past Assistant Adju- 
tant-General James F. Meech ; Past Chaplain-in-Chief Rev. J. F. 
Lovering ; Past Department Inspector Samuel Dalton ; Past 
Medical Director Dr. W. S. Brown ; Past Judge- Advocate Andrew 
J. Bailey ; Commander A. C. Wellington, Post 113, Boston ; Past 
Post Commanders Chas. W. Wilcox and Peter D. Smith ; Past 
Assistant Quartermaster-General Thos. E, Barker ; Samuel P. 
Tenney, Ex -Mayor of Chelsea, and Hon. Henry Cabot Lodge, 
Member of Congress. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

At the Department EncamJDment, in January, 1881, a resolu- 
tion was adopted favoring a law making May 30th a legal holi- 
day. The Legislature promptly passed a bill for the purpose, 
and on March 8, 1881, it received the approval of Governor John 
27 



•il8 Grand Army of the Republic. 

D. Long. On May 20th, Governor Long, in a proclamation, 
called pnblic attention to this Act of the Legislature in making 
the day " set apart for the decoration of the graves of deceased 
soldiers and sailors " a legal holiday : 

Let us reap as they sowed, not war, but peace; not hate, but love; not discord 
and chains, but union and liberty. Let us scatter their graves with the everlasting, 
not the cypress. So through tears shall unbend the rainbow. 

BADGE OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. 

By an Act, approved March 10, 1887 : 

Whoever shall wilfully wear or use the insignia of the Military order of the Loyal 
Legion of the United States or the insignia of the Grand Army of the Republic, for 
llie purpose of representing that he is a member of either Order, unless he shall be a 
member of the Order whose insignia he shall so wear or use, shall be punished by 
fine not exceeding twenty dollars, or by imprisonment in the house of correction not 
exceeding thirty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment. 

PREFERENCE IN APPOINTMENTS. 

All persons who served in the army or navy of the United States, in the time of 
the war of the rebellion, and were honorably discharged therefrom, may be preferred 
for appointment to office or employment in the service of the Commonwealth, or the 
citi's thereof, without having passed any examination provided for by chapter three, 
hundred and twenty of the acts of the year eighteen hundred and eighty-four, or bj' 
the rules of the civil service commission made under the provisions of said act. Age, 
loss of limb, or other physical impairment, which shall not in fact incapacitate, shall 
not be deemed cause to disqualify under this act. But nothing herein contained 
shall be construed to prevent such person from making application for such exami- 
nation, or from taking such examination, provided they are entitled to do so under 
the rules of said commission. — [Approved June 16, 1887. 



DEPARTMENT OF RHODE ISLAND. 

In April, 18G7, Colonel Frank J. Bramhall, Assistant Adjn- 
tant-Cxeneral Dej^artment of New York and Aid-de-Camp to the 
Commander-in-Chief, visited Providence to consult with a num- 
ber of influential soldiers there, relative to establishing a Post of 
the Grand Army. This resulted in the formation of Post No. 1 
at Providence, which was chartered bearing date April 12th, 1867. 
The charter was issued by General J. B. McKean, Grand Com- 
mander, Department of New York, Senior Vice-Commander-in- 
Chief, Grand Army of the Republic. 



Department of Ehode Island. 419 

The charter-members were Jas. Shaw, Jr., Nelson Viall, Elisha 
H. Rhodes, Samuel A. Pierce, Jr., William E. Taber, William H, 
Parkhurst, G. AV. Darling, T. J. Smith, Wm. V. Carr, Eclw. P. 
Butts, Geo. B. Peck, William R. Calkins and A. B. Pond. General 
Jas. Shaw, Jr., was elected Post Commander and Colonel E. H. 
Rhodes, Adjutant. The Post afterwards adopted the name Pres- 
COTT, in honor of Lieutenant Henry A. Prescott, who was killed 
in the first battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. 

General AVm. Sprague, Governor of Rhode Island 1860-63, had 
as early as February, 1861, urged upon the President the neces- 
sity for gathering troops at AVashington to defend the Capitol, 
and offered the service of a full regiment of infantry and a battery 
of six guns from Rhode Island for this purpose. His tender of 
troops was declined at that time, but he was strongly impressed 
with the necessity of keeping the State troops in readiness for 
service. 

Immediately following the attack on Sumter, Governor Sprague 
responded to the call for soldiers, and at once went to AVashing- 
ton with a regiment of infantry and a battery of artillery. The 
regiment was under command of Colonel Ambrose E. Burnside. 
Governor Sprague then returned to Rhode Island, organized a 
second regiment and went into service with these regiments at the 
first battle of Bull Run, where he was conspicuous for bravery in 
action. In 1862 he was elected United States Senator, and so 
served from 1863 to 1869. 

On May 11, 1867, he was appointed Provisional Commander of 
the Department of Rhode Island, Grand Army of the Republic, 
and on August 1st announced on his staff. Assistant Adjutant- 
General, Colonel C. T. Robbins, Post 12 ; Assistant Quartermas- 
ter-General, Colonel W. H. Reynolds. General Nelson Viall, 
Colonel E. H. Rhodes, General Geo. W. Tew, Captain W. E. Taber 
and Lieutenant A. C. Eddy were appointed a Council of Adminis- 
tration. The Department was divided into two Districts and 
General Jas. Shaw, Jr., Post 1, and General Chas. H. Tompkins, 
Post 6, were appointed District Commanders. 

FIRST ENCAMPMENT. 

A convention to organize the Department was held in Provi- 
dence, March 24, 1868, with delegates present from Post 1, Provi- 
dence ; Post 2, Newport ; Post 3, Central Falls ; Post 4, Bristol ; 



420 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

Post 5, Ashaway ; Post 6, Westerly ; Post 7, East Greenwich ; 
Post 8, Phenix ; Post 9, Woousocket ; Post 10, Providence, and 
Post 11, Quiduick. Generals A. E. Burnside and "Wm. Sprague 
were nominated for the positions of Grand Commander, and Gen- 
eral Burnside was elected. 

Annual Encampments have been held in Providence as fol- 
lows : I. March 24, 1868 ; II. January 28, 1869 ; III. January 6, 
1870 ; IV. January 20, 1871 ; V. January 16, 1872 ; VI. January 
16, 1873 ; VII. January 15, 1874 ; VIII. January 13, 1875 ; IX. 
January 19, 1876 ; X. January 24, 1877 ; XL January 30, 1878 ; 
XII. January 20, 1879 ; XIII. January 22, 1880 ; XIV. January 
27, 1881 ; XV. January 26, 1882 ; XVI. January 25, 1883 ; XVII. 
January 24, 1884 ; XVIII. January 22, 1885 ; XIX. January 21, 
1886 ; XX. January 28, 1887 ; XXL February 4, 1888. 

The first semi-annual meeting was held in Providence, July 27, 
1869, and on August 24, 1869, the Department entertained Presi- 
dent Grant at Ocean Cottage. Meetings were held at Providence, 
September 1, 1870, and August 31, 1871. On September 16, 1871, 
the Department paraded at the dedication of the Soldiers and 
Sailors Monument, at Providence. On September 6, 1872, Com- 
mander-in-Chief Burnside was a guest of the DejDartment at 
Rocky Point. On June 26, 1877, the Department handsomely en- 
tertained the National Encampment. Nearly all the Commanders- 
in-Chief have partaken of the hospitalities of the Department of 
llhode Island. 



COMMANDERS OF THE DEPARTMENT. 

1867, Provisional, William Sprague ; 1868, *A. E. Burnside, 
Post 4 (see Commander-in-Chief, Chapter X) ; 1869, Horatio 
Kogers, Post 1 ; 1870-71, Chas. E. Braytou, Post 1 ; 1872-73, 
Elisha H. Ilhodes, Post 1 (see Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 
Chapter XVI) ; 1874-75, Edwin Metcalf, Post 1 ; Comrade Metcalf 
resigned in April, 1875, and E. C. Pomroy, Post 1, was elected 
to fill the vacancy; 1876, Chas. H. Williams, Post 10; 1877, 
Henry J. Spooner, Post 12 ; 1878, Fred. A. Arnold, Post 1 ; 1879, 
Honry E. Barker, Post 10; 1880, Chas. C. Gray, Post 1; 1881, 
*W. H. P. Steere, Post 12 ; General Steere died August 25, 1882 ; 
1882, Henry F. Jenks, Post 17 ; 1883, Philip S. Chase, Post 1 ; 

* Dcoc'is'.C. 



Depaktment op Ehode Island. 421 

1884, Andrew K. McMahon, Post 5 ; 1885, Eugene A. Cory, Post 
1 ; 1886, Theo. A. Barton, Post 10 ; 1887, Benj. L. Hall, Post 1 ; 
1888, Gideon Spencer, Post 6. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868, Wm. Ames, Post 1 ; 1869, *C. E. Brayton ; 1870, L. D. 
Jenks, Post 9 ; 1871, Ira H. Parkis, Post 15 ; 1872, Henri E. 
Bacon, Post 3 ; 1873, *E. C. Pomroy, Post 1 ; 1874-75, *Clias. H. 
Williams ; 1876, Amos M. Bowen, Post 12 ; 1877, *F. A. Arnold ; 

1878, *H. E. Barker ; 1879, *Clias. .C. Gray ; 1880-81, *Henry F. 
Jenks ; 18S2, Jno. Delavan, Post 18 ; 1883, *Andrew K. McMahon ; 
1884, *Eugene A. Cory ; 1885, *Theo. A. Barton ; 1886, *Benj. 
L. Hall ; 1887, *Gideon Spencer ; 1888, Alonzo Williams, Post 10. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868, Thos. Foy, Post 1 ; 1869, L. C. Tourtellott, Post 9 ; 1870, 
Geo. T. Easterbrooks, Post 4 ; resigned May 9 ; succeeded by 
tHenry E. Barker ; 1872, fE. C. Pomroy ; 1873, Geo. F. Crown- 
ingshield. Post 3 ; 1874-75, Thos. Chambers, Post 2 ; 1876, tFred. 
A. Arnold ; 1877, Edwin H. Knowles, Post 18 ; 1878, David E. 
Howard, Post 13 ; 1879, S. E. Honey, Post 5 ; resigned June 14 ; 

1879, Frank G. Allen, Post 10 ; 1880-81, John Delavan, Post 18 ; 
1882, Davis Cook, Post 4 ; 1883, Frank E. Eich, Pest 18 ; 1884, 
tT. A. Barton ; 1885, Alonzo E. Pierce, Post 17 ; 1886, tGideon 
Spencer, Post 6 ; 1887, tAlonzo Williams, Post 10 ; 1888, Benj. 
F. Davis, Post 17. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1868-71, Howard W. King, Post 1 ; 1872-73, Geo. W. Carr, Post 
1 ; 1874-75, AV. H. Palmer, Post 10 ; 1876-78, Lester S. Hill, Post 
1 ; 1879-82, Lorenzo Traver, Post 1 ; 1883-84, Willard H. Greene, 
Post 4 ; 1885, John C. Budlong, Post 1 ; 1886-87, W. H. Traver, 
Post 10; 1888, Chas. O. Ballon, Post L 

CHAPLAINS. 

1869, Eev. E. O. Bartlett, Post 10 ; 1870, S. W. Field, Post 12 ; 
1871-72, Jas. B. Buffum, Post 1 ; 1873-74, Augustus Woodbury, 

* To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice-Commander. 



422 Gkand Army of the Republic. 

Post 12 (see Cliaplain-in-Chief, Chapter XII); 1875-82, J. J. 
Wooley, Post 17 ; 1883-85, D. C. Easton, Post 1 ; 1886-88, Fred- 
eric Denison, Post 10. 



ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

May 11, 1867, C. T. Bobbins, Post 1 ; March 24, 1868, Henry 
Allen, Post 10 ; May 3, 1869, E. C. Pomroy, Post 1 ; July 20, 1869, 
E. L. Hunt, Post 1 ; March 7, 1870, E. C. Pomroy, Post 1 ; May 
2, 1870, J. L. Sherman, Post 10; September 30, 1871, E. H. 
llhodes. Post 1 ; January 16," 1872, Philip S. Chase, Post 1 ; Sep- 
tember 13, 1872-May 1, 1875, C. H. Barney, Post 1 ; May 1, 1875, 
S. B. M. Bead, Post 1; November 1, 1875, Chas. R. Brayton, Post 
1 ; January 1, 1876, J. L. Sherman, Post 10 ; February 22, 1876-77, 
W. H. Palmer, Post 10 ; 1878-83, W. J. Bradford, Post 1 ; 1884, 
W. R. Landers, Post 5 ; 1885, E. Henry Jenks, Post 1 ; 1886, 
Peleg Macomber, Post 10 ; 1887-88, E. Henry Jenks, Post 1. 



ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

March 24, 1868, W. H. Reynolds, Post 1 ; December 13, 1869, 
A. C. Eddy, Post 4 ; January 23, 1871, Henry Allen, Post 10 ; Sep- 
tember 30, 1871, E. C. Pomroy, Post 1 ; 1872-73, Amos M. Bowen, 
Post 12 ; 1874^75, W. B. Westcott, Post 1 ; May 1, 1875, Fred. A. 
Arnold, Post 1 ; February 22, 1876, H. R. Barker, Post 10 ; May 
19, 1877, W. E. Clarke, Post 10 ; 1878-82, Edward Thayer, Post 
17 ; 1883-84, C. Henry Alexander, Post 10 ; 1885, W. F. Hutchin- 
son, Post 4 ; 1886, Frank A. Chase, Post 12 ; 1887, Wm. Millen, 
Post 1 ; 1888, Jas. H. Fairbrother, Post 1. 



INSPECTORS. 

1868, Leland D. Jencks, Post 9 ; 1869, H. E. Bacon, Post 3 ; 
August 30, 1869, Henry R. Barker, Post 10 ; 1870-71, AV. B. West- 
cott, Post 1 ; 1872-73, T. A. Barton, Post 10 ; 1874, Gideon Spen- 
cer, Post 10 ; May 19, 1877, G. M. Hunter, Post 2 ; 1878, J. Albert 
Brown, Post 18 ; 1879-81, Theo. A. Barton, Post 10 ; 1882, Eugene 
A. Cory, Post 1 ; 1883, Chas. G. A. Peterson, Post 4 ; 1884, E. F. 
Mann, Post 4 ; 1885, A. A. Law, Post 18 ; 1886-87, James A. Ab- 
bott, Post 1 ; 1888, G. Edward Allen, Post 10. 



Department of Ehode Island. 423 

judge- advocates. 

January 23, 1871, Edwin Metcalf, Post 1 ; January 16, 1874, H. 
J. Spooner, Post 12 ; May 19, 1877, N. P. S. Thomas, Post 12 ; 
1878, S. R. Honey, Post 5 ; 1879, Ervin T. Case, Post 1 ; 1880, 
Geo. N. Bliss, Post 12 ; 1881, D. R. Ballon, Post 12 ; 1882-84, 
Joshua M. Addeman, Post 1 ; 1885, S. W. K. Allen, Post 6 ; 1886, 
G. A. Wilbur, Post 9 ; 1887, Francello G. Jillson, Post 9 ; 1888, S. 
M. K. Allen, Post 6. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICER 

July 3, 1873, W. J. Bradford, Post 1 ; May 1, 1875, T. King 
Cooke ; May 19, 1877, G. H. Pettis, Post 4 ; January 20, 1878, W. 
W. Douglas, Post 12 (see Judge-Advocate-General, Chapter XI) ; 
1878, Gilbert Wilson, Post 1 ; 1879-80, G. H. Pettis, Post 4 ; 1881, 
Philip S. Chase, Post 1 ; 1882, John E. Burroughs, Post 10 ; 1883, 
Geo. W. Cole, Post 17 ; 1884-86, B. P. Davis, Post 17 ; 1887-88, 
Chas. H. Baker, Post 17. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1867— Nelson Viall, Post 1; E. H. Rhodes, Post 1 ; Geo. W. 
Tew, Post 2 ; W. E. Taber, Post 1 ; A. C. Eddy, Post 6. 

1868— Chas. Morgan, Post 1 ; T. W. Higginson, Post 2 ; Jas. 
L. Sherman, Post 10 ; John M. Barker, Post 1 ; John Aigan, 
Post 3. 

1869— Chas. Morgan, re-elected ; E. C. Pomroy, Post 1 ; E. P. 
Adams, Post 14 ; F. J. Lippitt, Post 12 ; William Johnson 
Post 8. 

1870— E. C. Pomroy, re-elected; Robt. T. Nicola, Post 13; 
Ira H. Parkis, Post 15 ; E. G. Cundall, Post 5 ; Jas. Aborn, 
Post 10. 

1871 — Jas. Aborn, re-elected ; Geo. F. Crowningshield, Post 
3 ; Wm. Millen, Post 1 ; Frank H. Wilks, Post 2 ; P. M. Barber, 
2d, Post 5. 

1872 — Jas. Aborn, G. F. Crowningshield, re-elected ; Thos. 
Simpson, Post 1 ; Charles A. Barbour, Post 4 ; F. G. Jillson, 
Post 9. 

1873 — Thos. Simpson, Jas. Aborn, re-elected ; Israel N. Kib- 
bee. Post 3 ; Thos. Chambers, Post 2 ; H. A. Frink, Post 6. 



424 Gr.vnd Ahmy of the Kepublic. 

1S74— Benj. L. H;ill, Post 1 ; Fred. A. Burt, Post 1 ; J. A. 
Bullard, Post 3; J. E. Burroughs, Post 10; W. W. Douglas, 
Post 12. 

1875— Jas. H. Taylor, Post 2 ; N. P. S. Thomas, Post 12 ; 
Henry 11. Barker, Post 10 ; G. F. Crowningshield, Post 17 ; Kobt. 
F. Nicola, Post 13. 

1876— John E. Lake, Post 2 ; F. D. Fisk, Post 17; E. H. 
Knowles, Post 18 ; David E. Howard, Post 13 ; Hazard A. Key- 
nolds, Post 1. 

1877— F. D. Fisk, re-elected ; Overton S. Langley, Post 5 ; 
David Small, Post 3 ; F. V. Helme, Post 13 ; Gideon Spencer, 
Post 10. 

1878— Gideon Spencer, F. V. Helme, re-elected ; E. T. W. Col- 
lins, Post 1 ; E. AV. Hamilton, Post 17 ; M. J. Higgins, Post 4. 

1879— E. W. Hamilton, M. J. Higgins, re-elected ; C. G. Stan- 
ton, Post 18 ; W. H. Turner, Post 12 ; W. J. Crossley, Post 1. 

1880— Davis Cook, 2d, Post 4 ; David E. Howard, Post 13 ; J. 
F. Hanson, Post 10 ; Geo. H. Johnson, Post 15 ; Seth B. Kenny, 
Post 3. 

1881 — Davis Cook, John F. Hanson, Seth B. Kenny, re-elected ; 
J. M. Barker, Post 11 ; W. D. Mason, Post 1. 

1882— W. D. Mason, John F. Hanson, John M. Barker, re- 
elected ; J. A. Brown, Post 18 ; David E. Howard, Post 13. 

1883 — J. M. Barker, J. F. Hanson, re-elected ; Geo. A. Wal- 
lace, Post 1 : John H. Francis, Post 13 ; Edward W. Greene, 
Post 17. 

1884 — G. A. Wallace, E. W. Greene, J. H. Francis, re-elected ; 
John W. Sayles, Post 4 ; Peleg Macomber, Post 10. 

1885 — G. A. Wallace, P. Macomber, re-elected ; Wm. H. Quinn, 
Post 3 ; L. C. Tourtellotte, Post 9 ; Benj. Kinggold, Post 13. 

1886— Wm. O. Thatcher, Post 9 ; Geo. W. Barry, Post 1 ; Geo. 
Carmichael, Francis B. Butts, Post 8 ; Geo. T. Lanphear, Post 7. 

1887— W. O. Thatcher, F. B. Butts, re-elected; Chas. H. 
Hawley, Post 18 ; C. Henry Alexander, Post 10 ; Wm. Johnson, 
Post 14. 

1888— C. Henry Alexander, Frank B. Butts, Chas. H. Hawley, 
re-elected ; W. H. Hamilton, Post 5 ; Geo. F. Cranston, Post 16. 



Depaetment of Khode Island. 425 

The Posts of this Department are located as follows : " 

Prescott Post No. 1, Providence ; Burnside Post No. 2, Shan- 
nock ; Ballon Post No. 3, Central Falls ; Arnold Post No. 4, 
Providence ; C. E, Lawton Post No. 5, Newport ; Reno Post No, 
6, East Greenwich ; Sedgwick Post No. 7 Peacedale ; Farragut 
Post No. 8, Riverside ; Smith Post No. 9, Woonsocket ; Slocum 
Post No. 10, Providence ; Thomas Post No. 11, Apponaug ; Rod- 
man Post No. 12, Providence ; Ives Post No. 13, Providence ; 
McGregor Post No. 14, Phenix ; Babbitt Post No. 15, Bristol ; C. 
C. Baker Post No. 16, Wickford ; Tower Post No. 17, Pawtucket ; 
Budlong Post No. 18, Westerly ; J. C. Nichols Post No. 19, Rock- 
land ; Bucklin Post No. 20, East Providence ; General G. K. War- 
ren Post No. 21, Newport. 

DEPARTMENT PROCEEDINGS. 

The Journal of the Department Encampments from 1867 to 
1883, inclusive, has been lately printed under the supervision of a 
committee appointed for that purpose. Past Department Com- 
mander Philip S, Chase had special charge of the work. The 
volume is one of 403 pages, with an index of 13 pages. Por- 
traits are inserted of all the Department Commanders. 

A Register of the Department giving the name and address of 
each member of the Department and the regiment or vessel with 
which he served during the rebellion, was published in 1888, by 
Comrade Geo. H. Pettis, Providence. 

MONUMENT TO GENERAL BURNSIDE. 

A magnificent equestrian statue of General Ambrose E. Burn- 
side has been erected in the " Campus Martins," Providence. The 
pedestal is of granite, fifteen feet in height, and the bronze group 
thirteen and a half feet. The total cost was $40,000, of which 
sum $10,845,69 was contributed by the State of Rhode Island, 
$5,000 by the city of Providence, in addition to expenses for curb- 
ing, sidewalk, etc., and the balance was received from private sub- 
scriptions. 

The expenses of the dedication were borne by the State and 
city, and the services on July 4, 1887, showed how deep-seated 
was the esteem of the people of Rhode Island for their foremost 



426 Grand Army of the Republic. 

soldier. The Department of Rhode Island paraded on this occa- 
sion with full ranks and Past Department Commander General 
Horatio Rogers delivered the oration. 

MEMORIAL HALLS. 

Post No. 1, of Providence, inaugurated a movement for the 
erection of a Memorial Hall in that city, for the use of the Grand 
Army of the Republic and for the purpose of collecting and pre- 
serving mementos and relics of the rebellion. Upon the sug- 
gestion of the Department Commander, Posts in other localities 
have taken similar action and it is expected that such memorial 
halls will soon be erected in the different cities and towns of the 
State. 

STATE AID. 

In 1885, the Commissioner of State Census reported 5,703 vet- 
erans of the war living in Rhode Island ; of these, 5,194 had 
been in the army, 497 served in the navy, and 12 in the marine 
corps. 

In April, 1885, the Legislature authorized the appointment of 
a Commission to disburse relief to needy veterans and soldiers' 
and sailors' widows and orphans. The Department Commander 
is ex-officio Chairman, and the Adjutant-General of the State, Sec- 
retary of this Commission. Seven members are appointed by 
the Department Commander, subject to confirmation by the Gov- 
ernor. S5,000 were appropriated for this purpose in 1885, and 
$10,000 in 1886, with $5,000 additional for a teinporary Soldiers' 
Home. 

The Legislature has also enacted a laAv for the burial of 
veterans who may die without leaving means for their honorable 
interment. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

Memorial Day was early constituted a legal holiday in this 
State, and in each year since 1868 the Department has paraded on 
that day, in the city of Providence, under charge of the Depart- 
ment Commander and staff. The feature of religious services on 
the Sunday preceding Memorial Day, now so generally observed, 
originated with Comrade E. H. Rhodes when Department Com- 
mander. 



Department of Connecticut. 427 

the grand army badge. 

By an act of the Legislature passed May 6, 1887, " any person 
not a member of the Grand Army of the Republic who shall wear 
the button or badge of said Grand Army of the Republic, shall be 
fined not exceeding twenty dollars." 



DEPARTMENT OF CONNECTICUT. 

At the parting dinner of the officers of the 1st Connecticut 
Cavalry in New Haven, August 16, 1865, the suggestion was made 
by the Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment. Brevet Brigadier- 
General E. W. Whitaker, that an organization be formed of the 
honorably discharged soldiers and sailors of the State. On Octo- 
ber 9th a circular was issued by Major William H. Mallory, as 
Secretary, calling a meeting for this purpose in Hartford, on No- 
vember 22, 1865. The circular stated that " the objects to be at- 
tained by thus leaguing together those who have proved their 
loyalty to the country in her hour of danger are sufficiently ap- 
parent — to protect her interests, to keep alive and perpetuate the 
glorious memories of the great battle for liberty just passed, and 
to secure to ourselves and our children the fruits of the victory." 
The constitution then adopted recited the further objects to be 
" the renewal and maintenance of our acquaintance and friend- 
ship, to aid and encourage all wise plans of the Government or of 
private benevolence for the support and comfort of the families 
of deceased soldiers or sailors, to assist worthy men to obtain 
employment and improve their condition in life. In short, in all 
just ways to act towards each other as brothers, and to stimu- 
late genuine patriotism and unflinching loyalty in the entire com- 
munity." 

The association thus formed was named the Connecticut 
United Service Club. General Edward Harland, of Norwich, 
was elected President, with one Vice-President from each county 
in the State, John M. Morris, New Haven, Secretary, and Geo. 
P. Bissell, Hartford, Treasurer. 

Early in February, 1867, General Harland, in company with 
Colonel Hiram B. Crosby, went to New York City and there called 



'128 



GiiAND Army of the Eepublic. 




General Edward Harland. 



upon Colonel Rush C. 
Hawkins, who initiated 
them into the Grand Army 
of the Republic. On their 
return, Post No. 1 was 
formed at Norwich, Feb- 
ruary 15, 1867. 

Post 2, Hartford (Na- 
thaniel Lyon Post) was 
chartered March 13, 1867. 
Hs first meeting was held 
in General Whitaker's of- 
fice, February 28, 1867, and 
on March 6, a number of 
members were mustered in 
the City Guard Armory by 
Colonel F. J. Bramhal], As- 
sistant Adjutant -General 
Department of New York. 
The charter members were Chas. T. Stanton, Jr., Geo. F. Bill, 
B. F. Talcott, Jas. L. Bennett, Jr., E. W. Whitaker, Theo. G. 
Ellis, J. S. Gilman, H. A. Pratt, Robt. H. Kellogg, Geo. A. Whit- 
aker, John H. Burnham. General Theo. G. Ellis was elected Post 
Commander. 

General Harland invited a number of influential veterans from 
different parts of the State to meet at Hartford, where he initiated 
them into the Grand Army of the Republic, and these members 
afterwards organized Posts at their several homes. A meeting 
for the organization of the Department was held in Hartford, 
April 11, 1867, and the following Posts were represented : Post 1, 
Norwich, organized February 15, 1867 ; No. 2, Hartford, March 
13 ; No. 3, Bridgeport, March 13 ; No. 4, Manchester, March 23 ; 
No. 6, Middlotown, March 20 ; No. 7, Mystic Bridge, March 30. 
General Harland was elected Grand Commander. 

The State was divided into four districts, one for each Con- 
gressional District, with District Commanders : No. 1, Theo. G. 
Ellis, Hartford ; No. 2, Chas. L. Uphara, Meriden ; No. 3, H. B. 
Crosby, Norwich ; No. 4, Wm. H. Noble, Bridgeport. Eighteen 
Posts were represented at the second Encampment, lield in Hart- 
ford, January 8, 1868, and twenty-six Posts at the semi-annual 
meeting in New Haven, August 21, 1868. 



Department of Connecticut. 429 

At this meeting a resolution was adopted on motion of General 
L. A. Dickinson, " that the introduction of partisan politics is 
detrimental to the interests of the Order and contrary to the ob- 
jects for which the Grand Army was created." 

Meetings of the Department have been held as follows : 

Convention at Hartford, April 11, 1867 ; I. January 8, 1868 ; 
II. January, 27, 1869 ; III. January 26, 1870 ; IV. January 18, 
1871 ; V. January 17, 1872— all in Hartford ; YI. January 15, 
1873, New Britain ; VII. January 21, 1874, Norwich ; YIII." Jan- 
uary 20, 1875, New Haven; IX. January 19, 1876, Bridgeport; 
X. January 24, 1877, New Haven ; XI. January 30, 1878, West 
Meriden ; XII. January 29, 1879, Hartford ; XIII. January 28, 
1880, New Haven ; XIV. January 26, 1881, Meriden ; XV. Janu- 
ary 25, 1882, New Haven; XVI. January 31, 1883, Hartford; 
XVII. January 30, 1884, Middletown ; XVIII. January 28, 1885, 
Bridgeport ; XIX. January 27, 1886, New Haven ; XX. Febru- 
ary 3, 1887, Norwich ; XXI. February 7, 1888, Waterbury. 

SEMI-ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

August 21, 1868, New Haven ; July 28, 1869, Hartford ; July 
27, 1870, Bridgeport ; July 23, 1873, New Haven ; July 23, 1874, 
Meriden ; July 20, 1875, Hartford ; August 21, 1878, New Haven ; 
August 30, 1880, Niantic ; August 16, 1882, New Haven. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1867, Edward Harland, Post 1, Norwich ; 1868-69, *Theo. G. 
Ellis, Post 2, Hartford ; 1870-71, *William H. Mallory, Post 3, 
Bridgeport ; died November 8, 1882 ; 1872-73, L. A. Dickinson, 
Post 2, Hartford; 1874-75, Chas. J. Buckbee, Post 17, New 
Haven (see Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Chap. XIV) ; 1876- 
1877, W. E. Disbrow, Post 3, Bridgeport ; 1878, *Frank G. Otis, 
Post 8, Meriden ; died August 10, 1878, and was succeeded by 
Senior Vice-Commander Chas. E. Fowler ; 1879, *Chas. E. Fow- 
ler, Post 17, New Haven ; died January 28, 1883 ; 1880, Geo. S. 
Smith, Post 1, Norwich ; 1881, Alfred B. Beers, Post 3, Bridge- 
port ; 1882, Ira E. Hicks, Post 11, New Britain (see Junior Vice- 
Commander-in-Chief, Chap. XXIII) ; 1883, Isaac B. Hyatt, Post 
8, Meriden; 1884, William Berry, Post 50, Hartford; 1885, 

* Deceased. 



430 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Frank D. Sloat, Post 17, New Haven ; 1886, Jolm T. Crary, Post 
1, Norwich; 1887, Henry E. Taintor, Post 50, Hartford (see 
Judge-Advocate-General, Chapter XXY) ; 1888, Samuel B. Home, 
Post 33, Winsted. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, Edward ^Y. Whitaker, Post 2, Hartford ; 1868, Chas. L. 
Upham, Post 8, Meriden ; 1869, *W. H. Mallory ; 1870, John E. 
Ward, Post 1, Norwich ; 1871, J. J. Wooley, Post 8, Meriden ; 

1872, W. H. Tubbs, Post 47, New London ; 1873, *C. J. Buckbee ; 
1874^75, *W. E. Disbrow ; 1876-77, *F. G. Otis ; 1878, *Chas. E. 
Fowler ; 1879, *Geo. S. Smith ; 1880, *A. B. Beers ; 1881, *Ira E. 
Hicks ; 1882, *Isaac B. Hyatt ; 1883, *William Berry; 1884, *Frank 
D. Sloat ; 1885, *Jno. T. Crary ; 1886, *H. E. Taintor ; 1887, *S. 
B. Home ; 1888, W. H. Pierpont, Post 17, New Haven. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, tC. L. Upham ; 1868, fW. H. Mallory ; 1869, fJohn E. 
Ward ; 1870, John C. Broatch, Post 6, Middletown ; 1871, Bela P. 
Learned, Post 1, NorAvich ; 1872, S. A. Granger, Post 33, Winsted ; 

1873, tAV. E. Disbrow ; 1874, Joseph Selden, Post 1, Norwich ; 
1875, tF. G. Otis ; 1876-77, tC. E. Fowler ; 1878, fGeo. S. Smith ; 
1879, tA. B. Beers ; 1880, flra E. Hicks ; 1881, flsaac B. Hyatt ; 
1882, tWm. Berry ; 1883, tF. D. Sloat ; 1884, fJohn T. Crary ; 

1885, tH. E. Taintor ; 1886, tS. B. Home ; 1887, tW. H. Pierpont ; 
1888, Geo. W. Keeler, Post 3, Bridgeport. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1868, O. W. Peck, Post 17, New Haven ; 1869, C. C. Clark, 
Post 6, Middletown ; 1870-71, Nathan Mayer, Post 2, Hartford ; 
1872-73, E. C. Newport, Post 8, Meriden; 1874, Melancthon 
Storrs, Post 22, Hartford ; 1875, L. S. Luddington, Post 11, New 
]3ritain ; 1876-77, J. N. Parker, Post 4, South Manchester ; 1878- 
79, E. C. Newport, Post 8, Meriden ; 1880, E. L. Bissell, Post 
17, New Haven ; 1881, Wm. C. Wile, Post 46, Sandy Hook ; 1882, 
A. T. Douglas, Post 47, New London ; 1883-84, M. W. Robinson, 
Post 9, Colchester ; 1885, Byron W. Muuson, Post 1, Bridgeport ; 

1886, H. M. Bishop, Post 1, Norwich ; 1887-88, Henry P. Geib, 
Post 23, Stamford. 



♦ To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Department of Connecticut. 431 

chaplains. 

1868-71, H. Clay Trumbull, Post 2, Hartford ; 1872, W. C. 
Walker, Post 17, New Haven ; 1873, Geo. W. Gorliam, Post 25, 
Chester ; 1874, L. S. Lmldington, Post 11, New Britain ; 1875, 
W. R. Eastman, Post 16, Soutliington ; 1876-77, D. O. Ferris, Post 
£, Bridgeport ; 1878-79, *F. T. De Bussy, Post 17, New Haven : 
died Marcli 25, 1884 ; 1880-83, J. W. Davis, Post 49, Waterbury ; 
1884-85, E. F. Atwood, Post 60, East Canaan ; 1886-87, Edward 
Anderson, Post 12, Norwalk (see Chaplain-in-Cliief, Chapter 
XXVI) ; 1888, Jos. H. Twichell, Post 50, Hartford. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1867, Bela P. Learned, Post 1, Norwich ; 1868, Robt. H. Kel- 
logg, Post 2, Hartford ; 1869-73, Henry E. Taintor, Post 22, Hart- 
ford ; 1874-76, Chas. E. Fowler, Post 17, New Haven ; 1877-78, J. 
W. Knowlton, Post 3, Bridgeport ; 1879, Frank A. Chase, Post 
17, New Haven ; 1880, Wm. T. Cook, Post 1, Norwich ; 1881, Geo. 
W. Keeler, Post 3, Bridgeport ; 1882-84, Henry E. Taintor, Post 
50, Hartford ; 1885, W. H. Stowe, Post 17, New Haven ; 1886, 
Amos D. Allen, Post 1, Norwich ; 1887-88, John H. Thacher, Post 
50, Hartford. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1867, Chas. M. Coit, Post 1, Norwich ; 1868-71, tL. A. Dickin- 
son, Post 2, Hartford ; 1872-73, B. F. Blakeslee, Post 2, Hart- 
ford ; 1874, Abner A. Smith, Post 17, New Haven ; 1875, John 
McCarthy, Post 17, New Haven ; 1876-77, Geo. A. Staples, Post 3, 
Bridgeport ; 1878-79, C. C. Kinne, Post 8, Meriden ; 1880, Chas. 
Griswold, Post 42, Guilford; 1881, Geo. A. Staples, Post 3, 
Bridgeport; 1882-86, W. H. Pierpont, Post 17, New Haven; 
1887-88, Wm. E. Morgan, Post 17, New Haven. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1870-73, Louis N. Middlebrook, Post 3, Bridgeport ; 1874, H. 
Lynde Harrison, Post 42, Guilford ; 1875, H. E. Taintor, Post 22, 
Hartford ; 187c-77, V. B. Chamberlain, Post 11, New Britain ; 
1878-80, H. C. Baldwin, Post 43, Naugatuck ; 1881, Geo. C. Rip- 
ley, Post 1, Norwich ; 1882, Samuel B. Home, Post 33, West 
Winsted ; 1883, J. D. Plunkett, Post 17, New Haven ; 1884, V. B. 

* Deceased. t To Department Commander. 



432 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Cliamberlain, Post 11, New Britain ; 1885, Frank W. Perry, 
Post 12, Norwalk ; 1886, Samuel H. Seward, Post 54, Putnam ; 
1887, E. O. Dimock. Post 71, Rockville ; 1888, A. H. Fenn, Post 
33, Winsted, 

INSPECTORS. 

1868, Bela P. Learned, Post 1, Norwich ; 1869-70, Chas. E. 
Fowler, Post 17, NeAv Haven ; 1871, M. A. Butricks, Post 17, New 
Haven ; 1872-73, C. S. Gallager, Post 8, Merideu ; 1874-75, Frank 
D. Brewster, Post 6, Middletown ; 1876, Geo. S. Smith, Post 1, Nor- 
wich ; 1877, Chas. H. Hawley, Post 2, Hartford ; 1878-79, Ira E. 
Hicks, Post 11, New Britain ; 1880, Isaac B. Hyatt, Post 8, Meri- 
den ; 1881, William Berry, Post 50, Hartford ; 1882, F. D. Sloat, 
Post 17, New Haven ; 1883, John T. Crary, Post 1, Norwich ; 1884, 
Geo. W. Keeler, Post 3, Bridgeport ; 1885, D. F. Chadeayne, Post 
26, Birmingham ; 1886, Wilbur F. Rogers, Post 8, Meriden ; 1887, 
Daniel Keifer, Post 49, Waterbury ; 1888, Christian Quien, Post 
18, Daubury. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1876-77, Ezra Sprague, Post 26, Derby ; 1878-79, P. W. Hud- 
son, Post 45, Manchester ; 1880, Jas. Ryder, Post 18, Danbury ; 
1881, Frank D. Sloat, Post 17, New Haven ; 1882, John T. Crary, 
Post 1, Norwich ; 1883, Geo. ^Y. Keeler, Post 3, Bridgeport; 1884, 
T. E. Hawley, Post 57, Forestville ; 1885, B. E. Smith, Post 30, 
Willimantic ; 1886, William B. Rudd, Post 58, Lakeville ; 1887, 
Wm. H. Tubbs, Post 47, New London ; 1888, John C. Broatch, 
Post 53, Middletown. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1867— T. J. Gilbert, Post 17, New Haven ; Edward J. Rice, 
Post 9, Waterbury ; H. C. Dwight, Post 2, Hartford ; John 
Thompson, Post 6, Middletown ; Wm. H. Noble, Post 3, Bridge- 
port. 

1868— Nathan Mayer, Post 2, Hartford ; J. J. Wooley, Post 8, 
Meriden ; John E, Ward, Post 1, Norwich ; L. N. Middlebrook, 
Post 3, Bridgeport. 

1869— L. N. Middle})rook, re-elected ; John C. Broatch, Post 
6, Middletown ; Wm. E. Hyde, Post 27, Dauielsonville ; E. Perry 
Packer,J.^ost 28, South Coventry ; A. S. Gear. 



Depaetment of Connecticut. 433 

1870— W. E. Hyde, E. Perry Packer, re-elected ; E. L. Good- 
win, Post 11, New Britain ; M. A. Butricks, Post 17, New Haven ; 
S. A. Granger, Post 33, Winsted. 

1871 — S. A. Granger, re-elected ; P. W. Ambler, Post 18, Dan- 
bury ; C. J. Buckbee, Post 17, New Haven ; W. H. Tubbs, Post 
47, New London ; F. J, Seymour, Post 34, Wolcottville. 

1872— F. D. Brewster, Post 6, Middletown ; P. P. Wilson, Post 
35, Putnam ; Clias. H. Corvey, South Coventry ; K. S. Beers, Post 
3, Bridgeport ; O. F. Lathrop, Post 26, Birmingham. 

1873— Chas. Burton, Post 27, Danielsonville ; F. M. Lovejoy, 
Post 17, NeAv Haven ; H. M. Durfey, Post 1, Norwich ; E. L. 
Goodwin, Post 11, New Britain ; A. B. Beers, Post 3, Bridge- 
port. 

1874— E. L. Goodwin, re-elected ; H. M. Calder, Post 33, West 
Winsted ; C. L. Upliam, Post 8, Meriden ; Henry Hough, Post 27, 
Danielsonville ; W. S. Clark, Post 25, Chester. 

1875— E. L. Goodwin, H. M. Calder, re-elected ; H. S. Stevens, 
Post 6, Middletown ; W. A. Thompson, Post 1, Norwich ; P. P. 
Wilson, Post 35, Putnam. 

1876— H. M. Calder, re-elected ; E. H. Kellogg, Post 4, Man- 
chester ; J. AV. Buckingham, Post 39, Milford ; H. N. Fanton, Post 
18, Danbury ; S. R. Knapp, Post 1, Norwich. 

1877— R. H. Kellogg, H. M. Calder, J. W. Buckingham, re- 
elected ; E. L. Goodwin, Post 11, New Britain ; H. M. Durfey, 
Post 1, Norwich. 

1878-79— H. M. Durfey, re-elected ; John McCarthy, Post 17, 
New Haven ; Jas. R. Sloan, Post 2, Hartford ; Chas. E. Moore, 
Post 3, Bridgeport ; C. L. Hewitt, Post 33, West Winsted. 

1880— H. M. Durfey, re-elected; Wallace A. Miles, Post 8, 
Meriden ; H. E. Taintor, Post 50, Hartford ; John L. Saxe, Post 
49, Waterbury ; Geo. Havens, Post 47, Ncav London. 

1881 — H. E. Taintor, Geo. Havens, re-elected ; John McCar- 
thy, Post 17, New Haven ; Jas. Ryder, Post 19, Danbury ; Caleb 
Wood, Post 48, South Norwalk. 

1882— John McCarthy, re-elected ; H. M. Durfey, Post 1, Nor- 
wich ; Geo. Bobbins, Post 49, Waterbury ; Lewis S. Logan, Post 
3, Bridgeport ; Robert H. Kellogg, Post 4, South Manchester. 

1883 — H. M. Durfey, Geo. Robbins, re-elected ; Fred. E. Camp, 

38 



434 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Post 53, MicMletown ; Fred. L. Warren, Post 3, Bridgeport ; Chris- 
tian Quieu, Post 18, Danbury. 

1884— H. M. Durfey, Fred. E. Camp, F. L. Warren, re-elected ; 
E. A. Belden, Post 18, Danbury ; S. A. Seward, Post 54, Put- 
nam. 

1885 — Fred. E. Camp, F. L. Warren, R. A. Belden, re-elected ; 
Simeon J. Fox, Post 17, New Haven ; Chas. H. Beaton, Post 11, 
New Britain. 

1886— Fred. E. Camp, F. L. Warren, re-elected ; H. M. Dur 
fey, Post 1, Norwich ; Nelson J. Smith, Post 18, Danbury ; Geo. 
M. White, Post 17, New Haven. 

1887— Geo. M. White, H. M. Durfey, re-elected ; E. O. Puffer, 
Post 8, Meriden ; R. A. Belden, Post 18, Danbury ; A. G. Cran- 
dall. Post 30, Willimantic. 

1888— H. M. Durfey, E. O. Puffer, R. A. Belden, re-elected ; 
W. H. Gladden, Post 11, New Britain ; F. A. Spencer, Post 49, 
Waterbury. 

fitch's home for soldiers. 

Benjamin Fitch, of Darien, Connecticut, was one of the most 
patriotic men in that State. During the rebellion he contributed 
largely of his means to sustain the Government in many ways, and 
in addition, established, on a farm owned by him at Norotou, a 
Home for Soldiers' Orphans, where, at his own expense, he main- 
tained over 300 children until they had each reached sixteen 
years of age. 

After these orphans had been thus provided for, he generously 
donated the grounds and buildings, with an Art Gallery contain^ 
ing a fine collection of paintings, to the State, for a Soldiers' 
Home. 

Upon the death of Mr. Fitch, November 7, 1883, the Home was 
conducted by trustees until it was placed under the jurisdiction 
of the Connecticut Soldiers' Hospital Board. 

In 1886, the State contributed $15,000, to enlarge the capacity 
of the Home. The Governor, Adjutant-General and Surgeon- 
General of the State are ex-officio members of the Board, and 
Past Department Commanders L. A. Dickinson and A. B. Beers, 
and Comrade Geo. M. White represent the Grand Army. 

The largest number cared for in 1887 was 178. There are 



Department of Connecticut. 435 

now (1888) 131 inmates, the oldest 92 years of age and the young- 
est 41. Cost of maintenance about $150 per capita per annum. 

Ex-soldiers, sailors or marines requiring hospital treatment 
must be received and cared for in any of the general hospitals at 
the expense of the State. 

SOLDIERS AND SAILORS ORPHANS. 

By Act of Legislature, approved June 30, 1868, amended July 
24, 1868, provision is made for assisting children under the age of 
fourteen years who have no other adequate means of support, 
whose father served as a Connecticut soldier or enlisted from 
Connecticut in the United States navy in the war for the suppres- 
sion of the rebellion, and died from wounds received or disease 
contracted in the service. 

During the past three years over $17,000 has been so dis- 
bursed. 

BURIAL. 

By Act approved April 19, 1883, provision is made for burial, 
at the expense of the State, of veterans who may die without leav- 
ing sufficient means for their honorable interment. $35 is allowed 
for funeral expenses and $15 for a headstone. 

The interment is not to be in any cemetery or plot used ex- 
clusively for burial of the pauper dead. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

Memorial Day was made a legal holiday in Connecticut by Act 
of the Legislature in 1874. 

GRAND ARMY BADGE. 

By Act of the Legislature, in 1887, the wearing of the badge 
of the Grand Army of the Republic by unauthorized persons was 
made a misdemeanor, punishable by fine, not exceeding $25, or 
imprisonment not exceeding 30 days, or by both such fine and im- 
prisonment. 

exemption from taxation. 

Property of all honorably discharged veterans or of pensioned 
widows or mothers to the extent of $1,000 is exempted from taxa- 
tion, and to the amount of $3,000 for any soldier or sailor who 
lost a limb in the service during the rebellion. 



436 



Grand Army of the Eepublic. 




THE HARTFORD SOLDIERS* MEMORIAL. 

This Memorial, designed by Geo. Keller, of Hartford, and 
costing ;^60,000, voted by the city, is in the form of an arch and is 
located on Bushnell Park. The arch springs from and connects 
two massive ronud towers, sixty-seven feet in circnmference, sixty 
feet high, and thirty feet apart, rising from the parapets of the 
bridge, and crowned by conical roofs with Avinged figures sur- 
mounting the vertices. The monument is entirely surrounded 
above the arch by a frieze six and one-half feet in breadth and 
one hundred and seventy-five feet long, filled with bas-reliefs of 
military and naval figures — infantry, cavalry, artillery and sailors. 
Upon the round surfaces of each of the towers, facing the park, 
the river and the bridge, are three symbolic figures standing on 
enriched corbels and covered with carved stone canopies. Circu- 
lar stairs inside the east tower lead to a gallery at the top over- 
looking the Park, protected by a parapet having the seal of Hart- 
ford on its face. The monument is of Portland brown-stone, 
relieved by l)uff-colored terra-cotta or hammered stone dressings 
and frieze. 



CHAPTER XXVIIT. 

THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES 

INCLUDING 

NEW YORK. NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA. DELAWARE. MARY- 
LAND, AND THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



DEPARTMENT OF NEW YORK. 

A yerj strong political association of veterans was formed in 
the fall of 1865, in the State of New York, under the title of the 
Soldiers and Sailors Union. A State organization was effected 
in April, 1866, with General J. B. Carr, Troy, as President. 

Another meeting was held in Syracuse, September 19, 1866, 
when representatives were present from sixty subordinate Unions. 
Colonel James B. McKean was then elected President, and a dele- 
gation was chosen to attend the Pittsburgh Convention on Sep- 
tember 24 (see page 26), where a number of the delegates were 
initiated into the Grand Army of the Republic. 

Colonel McKean attended the Indianapolis Encampment, No- 
vember 20, and was elected Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief. 
(See portrait and biography. Chapter V). 

He was also appointed Provisional Commander of New York, 
and assumed command December 1, 1866. On December 6, Col- 
onel Frank J. Bramhall was appointed Assistant Adjutant-Gen- 
eral, and Lieutenant Dunnelle Van Schaick, Aid-de-Camp. Colonel 
Bramhall had been previously (October 6) appointed Aid-de-Camp 
to the Commander-in-Chief. 

They at once entered on the work of organizing Posts, ren- 
dered then comparatively easy by the prior institution of the 
subordinate Unions of the Soldiers and Sailors Union, which 
were absorbed into the Grand Army of the Republic. 

Two Posts had been previously organized by Colonel Gilbert 
S. Jennings, United States Army, retired, of Rochester, under au- 

L437J 



438 



Grand Army of the Eepublic. 




Colonel Frank J. Bramhall. 



thority conferred by the De- 
partment of Illinois, name- 
ly, Post No. 1, at Iloclies- 
ter, and No. 2, at Buffalo. 

The exact date of the 
muster of Post 1 is not 
known, its records of the 
earlier meetings having 
been lost. W. S. Grant- 
syn, Kalph O. Ives, Chas. 
H. Fenn, J. A. Eeynolds 
and William H. Cronnell, 
with two others, were the 
charter-members. W. S. 
Grantsyn was elected Post 
Commander, and Ralph O. 
Ives, Adjutant. 

Post No. 2, at Buffalo, was organized within a few days there- 
after, General W. F. Rogers, Post Commander. 

A Convention to organize the Department was held in Albany, 
April 8, 1867, and Provisional Commander McKean, Assistant 
Adjutant-General Bramhall, Assistant Inspector-General Geo. T. 
Stevens, and Chas. R. Knowles, of Albany, were made the officers 
of the Convention. Twenty-five delegates, representing sixteen of 
the twenty-four Posts then chartered, were present. 

Colonel McKean was elected Grand Commander ; General W. 
F. Rogers, Buffalo, Senior Vice-Commander ; James M. Gere, 
Syracuse, Junior Yice-Commander ; Colonel Frank J. Bramhall, 
Assistant Adjutant-General, and Colonel Geo. F. Hopper, New 
York City, Assistant Quartermaster-General. 

The work of organization was carried on through the year 
with spirit and system, and, owing to the laxity heretofore re- 
ferred to at National Headquarters, Colonel McKean found it nec- 
essary, as Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief of the Order, to issue 
charters and supplies for Posts in other States. Such charters 
were also signed by Colonel Bramhall, as Aid-de-Camp to the 
Commander-in-Chief. 

General Daniel E, Sickles succeeded Colonel McKean as Grand 
Commander, and so served until appointed Envoy Extraordi- 
nary and Minister- Plenij)otentiary to the Court of S^Jaiu, iu 
June, 1869. 



Department of New York. 439 

Meetings have been held and officers elected or appointed in 
the Department of New York as follows : 

ANNUAL ENCAMPMENTS. 

I. April 3, 1867, Albany ; II. January 7, 1868, Albany ; III. 
January 14, 1869, New York City ; lY. January 19, 1870, Bing- 
hamton ; Y. January 26, 1871, Syracuse ; YI. January 19, 1872, 
New York City ; YII. January 22, 1873, Elmira ; YIII. January 
21, 1874, Utica ; IX. January 20, 1875, Eochester ; X. January 25, 
1876, Albany ; XI. January 24, 1877, New York City ; XII. Jan- 
uary 23, 1878, Utica ; XIII. January 22, 1879, Bath ; XIV. Jan- 
uary 28, 1880, Auburn ; XY. January 26, 1881, Binghamton ; 
XYI. January 25, 1882, Syracuse ; XYII. January 24, 1883, Troy ; 
XYIII. January 30, 1884, Rochester ; XIX. February 4, 1885, 
Utica ; XX. April 21, 1886, New York City ; XXI. February 23, 
1887, Albany ; XXII. February 22, 1888, Syracuse. 

SEMI-ANNUAL ENCAMPMENTS. 

July 27, 1870, Buffalo ; July 19, 1871, Geneva ; July 31, 1872, 
Auburn ; July 23, 1873, Troy ; August 4, 1875, Norwich ; August 
2-3, 1876, Yonkers ; June 12, 1877, Bath ; July 29, 1879, Ithaca ; 
July 28, 1880, Brooklyn ; July 27, 1881, Seneca Falls ; June 28, 
1882, Saratoga ; June 27, 1883, Bath ; July 4, 1884, Buffalo. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1866, Provisional, *Jas. B. McKean, Saratoga ; 1867, Jas. B. 
McKean (see Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, Chapter Y) ; 
1868-69, Daniel E. Sickles, Post 8, New York ; on June 30, 1869, 
was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain, and turned over 
command of the Department to Senior Yice-Commander Edward 
B. Lansing, Post 45, Auburn ; 1870, *E. B. Lansing ; resigned 
July 6 ; succeeded by Senior Yice-Commander Jno. C. Robinson 
(see Commander-in-Chief, Chapter XYI) ; 1871-72, Henry A. 
Barnum, Post 7, New York City ; 1873, S. P. Corliss, Post 121, 
Albany ; 1874, Edward Jardine, Post 100, New York City ; re- 
signed on account of receiving a, nomination in his District for 
Congress ; Senior Yice-Commander Jno. Palmer was elected to 

* Deceased. 



440 Grand Army of the Republic. 

fill the yacancy ; 1875, Jno. Palmer, Post 5, Albany (see Senior 
Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Chapter XYIII) ; 1876-77, James Tan- 
ner, Post 10, Brooklyn ; 1878, W. R Rogers, Post 9, Buffalo (see 
Inspector-General, Chapter XIV) ; 1879, *Jas. McQuade, Post 53, 
Utica ; died March £5, 1885 ; 1880, L. Coe Young, Post 80, Bing- 
hamton ; 1881, *Abram Merritt, Post 82, Nyack ; died Aj^ril 20, 
1888; 1882, Jas. S. Eraser, Post 29, New York City; 1883, John A. 
Reynolds, Post 1, Rochester ; 1884, Ira M. Hedges, Post 179, Hav- 
erstraw (see Insj^ector-General, Chapter XXV) ; 1885, H. Clay 
Hall, Post 19, Little Falls ; 1886, Joseph I. Sayles, Post 47, Rome ; 
1887, Geo. H. Treadwell, Post 121, Albany ; 1888, N. Martin Cur- 
tis, Post 354, Ogdensburg. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, tW. F. Rogers; 1868, James M. Gere; 1869, tEd- 
ward B. Lansing ; 1870, tJno. C. Robinson ; July 6, to De- 
partment Commander, vice Lansing, resigned ; 1871-72, fJolm 
A. Reynolds; 1873, Samuel Minnes, Post 29, New York City; 
1874, tJohn Palmer ; 1875, Joseph Egolf, Post 34, Troy ; 1876, 
John G. Copley, Post 6, Elmira ; 1877-78, Constantine Nitzsche, 
Post 32, New York City ; 1879, Jacob Welsing, Post 62, New 
York City ; 1880, Henry Osterheld, Post 60, Yonkers ; 1881, John 
E. Savery, Post 45, Auburn ; 1882, Robert Keith, Post 34, Troy ; 
1883, tH. Clay Hall ; 1884, L. P. Thompson, Post 7, Phelps ; 
1885, C. W. Cowtan, Post 197, Brooklyn ; 1886, C. A. Orr, Post 2, 
Buffalo ; 1887, Jos. P. Cleary, Post 397, Rochester ; 1888, Chas. H. 
Freeman, Post 276, Corning. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, tJames M. Gere ; 1868, Bradley Winslow, Post 15, Water- 
town ; 1869, *V. Krzyanowski, Post 32, New York City ; 1870, 
:Jno. A. Reynolds ; July 7, 1S70, Jno. W. Marshall, Post 36, New 
York City, vice Reynolds, promoted Senior Vice-Commander ; 
1871-72, Willard Bullard, Post S, New York City ; 1873, A. B. 
Lawrence, Post 130, Warsaw ; 1874, |Joseph Egolf ; 1875-76, 
Edwin J. Loomis, Post 83, Norwich ; 1877, Robt. H. McCormic, 
Post 5, Albany ; 1878, Geo. H. Treadwell (to Department Com- 
mander, 1887) ; 1879, J. Marshall Guion, Post 78, Seneca Falls ; 
1880, James F. Fitts, Post 76, Lockport ; 1881, Dennis Sullivan, 



Deceased. \ To Department Commander. ^ To Senior Vice Commander. 



Department op New York. 441 

Post 113, New York City; 1882, Edwin Goodrich, Post 129, Tona- 
wanda ; 1883, Frank Z. Jones, Post 212, Newburgh ; 1884, J. C. 
Carlyle, Post 24, New York City ; 1885, W. B. Stoddard, Post 83, 
Norwich; 1886, G. S. Conger, Post 56, Lee Centre; 1887, C. 
Hull Grant, Post 16, Brooklyn ; 1888, Eobert Wilson, Post 589, 
Newburgb. 

medical directors. 

1868, Edwin Hutchinson, Post 53, Utica ; 1869-71, John Howe, 
Post 36, New York City ; 1872-73, *Hans Powell, Post 113, New 
York City; resigned ; elected Surgeon-General (see Chapter XII) ; 
1874, C. M. Woodward, Post 72, Waterloo ; resigned ; succeeded 
by Jas. L. Watson, Post 10, Brooklyn (see Surgeon-General, Chap- 
ter XV) ; 1876, M. H. Picot, Post 94, Geneva ; 1877, Nelson Place, 
Jr., Post 113, New York City; 1878-79, J. E. Seeley, Post 1, Eoch- 
ester ; 1880, C. Henry King]^ Post 112, Stapleton ; 1881, Geo. S. 
Little, Post 10, Brooklyn ; 1882-83, William H. Hall, Post 92, 
Saratoga ; 1884, J. H. Dye, Post 2, Buffalo ; 1885, W. J. Cronyn, 
Post 393, Dunkirk ; 1886, William Balser, Post 32, New York 
City ; 1887, Daniel Lewis, Post 44, New York City; 1888, Wm. H. 
Harlin, Post 534, Brooklyn. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1868, Wm. Gland Bourne, Post 8, New York City ; 1869, T. J. 
Morgan, Post 1, Rochester ; 1870-72, J. H. Barnard, Post 45, Au- 
burn ; 1873, E. F. Crane, Post 6, Elmira ; 1874-75, H. J. Eddy, 
Post 7, Syracuse ; 1876, E. C. Pritchett, Post 31, New York Mills ; 
1877-79, Jno. H. Barnard, Post 83, Norwich ; 1880, Jas. P. Foster, 
Post 99, Newark ; 1881, Isaac M. Foster, Post 7, Phelps (to Chap- 
lain-in-Chief, Chapter XXI); 1882, E. P. Edgerton, Post 117, 
Sing Sing ; 1883, J. H. Gunning, Post 253, Nyack ; 1884, S. S. 
Ballon, Post 229, Pike ; 1885, E. L. Allen, Post 168, Highland ; 
1886, Asa C. S. Fiske, Post 41, Ithaca ; 1887-88, J. R. B. Smith, 
Post 519, Kingston. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1866-67, Frank J. Bramhall, New York City ; 1868-70, *James 
L. Farley, Post 10, Brooklyn (see Adjutant-General, Chapter 
XVI) ; 1871, Jno. W. Marshall, Post 36, New York City ; resigned 

* Deceased. 



442 Grand Army of the EEPUBLir;. 

November 10 ; succeeded by F. M. Clark, Post 29, New York City; 
resigned May 3, 1873 ; succeeded by Joliii K. Perley, Post 100, New 
York City, who resigned April 7, 1874, and was succeeded by J. C. 
J. Langbein, Post 100, New York City; 1875, Wm. H. Terrell, Post 
5, Albany; 1876-77, Geo. B. Squires, Post 10, Brooklyn (see Judge- 
Advocate-General, Chapter XIX) ; 1878, H. E. Stambach, Post 87, 
Buffalo ; 1879, A. H. Nash, Post 94, Geneva ; 1880-81, Wm. Blasie, 
Post 5, Albany ; 1882, Geo. F. Hopper, Post 24, New York City ; 
1883, Joseph A. Adlington, Post 1, Eochester ; 1884, Geo. B. 
Squires, Post 327, Brooklyn ; 1885-86, O. P. Clarke, Post 36, 
Utica ; 1887, W. A. Wallace, Post 63, Albany; 1888, William Todd, 
Post 63, Albany. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1867-70, Geo. F. Hopper, Post 24, New York City ; 1871-73, 
Jos. Forbes, Post 13, New York City; 1874, B. F. Finley, Post 24, 
New York City; 1875, Geo. H. Treadwell, Post 121, Albany; 1876- 
77, E. W. Brueninghausen, Post 32, New York City ; 1878, G. W. 
Flynn, Post 9, Buffalo ; 1879, Jno. F. Little, Post 81, Bath ; 1880, 
A. S. Wood, Post 55, Wolcott ; 1881, E. Loughran, Post 127, 
Kingston ; 1882, Chas. Semsey, Post 32, New York City ; 1883, 
Milton H. Smith, Post 4, Eochester; 1884, Horatio N. Wood, 
Post 179, Haverstraw ; 1885, John H. Walker, Post 10, Brooklyn ; 
resigned ; succeeded by Jos. S. Cavandy, Post 499, Brooklyn ; 1886, 
John Kohler, Post 53, Utica ; 1887, S. P. Corliss, Post 121, Albany; 
1888, Chas. H. Ballon, Post 36, Utica. 

INSPECTORS. 

1866, Geo. T. Stevens, Post 5, Albany; 1867, Chas E. Knowles, 
Post 5, Albany ; 1868, Edward E. Kendrick, Post 8, New York ; 
1869, E. A. Ludwick, Post 5, Albany ; resigned July 2 ; succeeded 
by *C. W. Crocker, Post 45, Auburn ; 1870, James Jourdan, Post 
22, Havana ; resigned July 2 ; succeeded by E. C. Parkinson, Post 
10, Brooklyn ; 1871-72, C. A. Wells, Post 33, Middletown ; 1873, 
AVm. Eiley, Post 60, Yonkers ; 1874-77, E. C. Parkinson, Post 84, 
Brooklyn ; 1878, J. Peattie, Post 53, Utica ; 1879, Albert H. Mills, 
Post 19, Little Falls ; 1880, B. T. Wright, Post 98, Cortland ; 1881, 
Fred. Cocheu, Post 21, Brooklyn ; 1882, Frank M. Clark, Post 

* Deceased. 



Department of New York. 443 

11, New York City ; resigned July, 1882 ; succeeded by Geo. A. 
Cantine, Post 47, Kome ; 1883-84, Jas. S. Graham, Post 4, Roch- 
ester ; 1885, Jos. Egolf, Post 34, Troy; 1886, F. Z. Jones, Post 48, 
Matteawan ; 1887, A. H. Spierre, Post 121, Albany ; 1888, Richard 
Dunn, Post 151, Syracuse. 

judge- ADVOCATES. 

1868-70, Henry E. Tremaine, Post 8, New York City ; 1871, D. 
C. Stoddard, Post 53, Utica ; 1872, Benj. A. Willis, Post 79, New 
York City; 1873-74, Leander W. Fiske, Post 73, Booneville ; 1876, 
Seymour Dexter, Post 6, Elmira ; 1877, H. H. Rockwell, Post 6, 
Elmira ; 1878, Alvanus W. Sheldon, Post 24, New York City; 1879, 
Richard H. Schooley, Post 1, Rochester ; 1880, H. E. Tremaine, 
Post 8, New York City ; 1881, H. Clay Hall, Post 19, Little Falls ; 
1882, N. Dean Maffet, Post 30, Binghamton ; 1883, Harlan J. 
Swift, Post 183, Cuba ; 1884, W. C. Reddy, Post 143, New York 
City ; 1885, Jos. I. Sayles, Post 47, Rome ; 1886, Walter Ballon, 
Post 97, Booneville ; 1887, Lewis E. Griffin, Post 34, Troy ; 1888, 
Horatio C. King, Post 499, Brooklyn. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1874-75, Jas. E. Curtiss, Post 19, Little Falls ; 1876-77, Chas. 
L. Hedge, Post 9, Buffalo; 1878, Samuel V. Owens, Post 3, Brook- 
lyn ; 1879, Henry C. Perley, Post 44, New York City ; succeeded 
by John E. Colville ; 1880, Jas. W. Webb, Post 10, Brooklyn ; 
1881, John D. Leib, Post 2, Buffalo ; 1882, Wm. E. Palmer, Post 
76, Lockport ; 1883, W. W. Robacher, Post 29, New York City ; 
1884, Robt. Keith, Post 34, Troy ; 1885, F. Z. Jones, Post 48, 
Matteawan ; 1886, J. S. Cavandy, Post 499, Brooklyn ; 1887, G^o. 
W. Davey, Post 5, Albany ; 1888, J. Wesley Smith, Post 96, New 
York City. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1867— John W. Marshall, Post 38, New York City ; Theo. B. 
Gates, New York City ; Geo. T. Stevens, Post 5, Albany ; Bradley 
Winslow, Post 15, Watertown ; AVilliam Irvine, Post 6, Elmira. 

1868— John W. Marshall, re-elected ; Geo. W. Warren, Post 5, 
Albany ; Wm. DeLacy, Post £4, Troy ; John B. Weber, Post 2, 
Buffalo ; John P. Short, Post 35, Brooklyn. 



444 Grand Army of the Republic. 

1869 — John P. Short, re-elected ; John Palmer, Post 5, Albany; 
T\'m. S. Young, Post 17, Gloversville ; Geo. D. Weeks, Post 4, 
Brooklyn ; AVni. H. Corsa, Post 28, Haverstraw. 

1870— John P. Short, Geo. D. Weeks, re-elected ; A. H. Mulli- 
gan, Post 79, New York City ; Alonzo Alden, Post 34, Troy ; Jno. 
\V. Marshall ; promoted Senior Yice-Commander ; succeeded by 
L, H. Rowan, Post 10, Brooklyn. 

1871- — L. H. Rowan, re-elected ; John T. Long, Post 2, Buffalo ; 
H. W. Hughes, Post 35, Brooklyn ; Constantine Nitzsche, Post 
32, New York City ; Louis R. Stegman, Post 11, New York City. 

1872^ — Louis H. Rowan, C. Nitzsche, re-elected ; Stephen P. 
Corliss, Post 121, Albany ; Jos. C. Pinckney, Post 79, New York 
City ; Samuel Minnes, Post 29, New York City. 

1873 — Oscar Thompson, Post 13, New Y^ork City ; Henry C. 
Perley, Post 100, New York City ; Joseph Egolf, Post 34, Troy ; 
Nicholas Grumbach, Post 66, Syracuse ; John M. Guion, Post 78, 
Seneca Palls. 

1874 — J. Marshall Guion, re-elected ; Thos. M. Davis, Post 
53, Utica ; John G. Copley, Post 6, Elmira ; Jas. H. Stevens, Post 
8, New York City ; Samuel Minnes, Post 29, New York City. 

1875 — J. Marshall Guion, Jas. H. Stevens, re-elected ; E. B. 
Gere, Post 59, Owego ; John K. Perley, Post ICO, New York City; 
C. R. Becker, Post 121, Albany. 

1876— J. M. Guion, E. B. Gere, J. K. Perley, J. H. Stevens, re- 
elected ; F. H. Shepard, Post 53, Utica. 

1877— J. M. Guion, E. B. Gere, J. K. Perley, J. H. Stevens, re- 
elected ; B, F. Finley, Post 24, New Y'ork City. 

1878— B. F. Finley, re-elected ; C. W. Mehrer, Post 44, New 
York City ; T. J. Bell, Post 45, Auburn ; A. M. Mills, Post 19, 
Little Falls ; A. B. Lawrence, Post 130, Warsaw. 

1879— B. F. Finley, C. W. Mehrer, T.' J. Bell, re-elected ; Jas. 
W. Parker, Post 113,' New York City; John B. Stanbrough, Post 
59, Owego. 

1880— ,Tas. S. Eraser, Post 29, New York City ; J. W. Jaco- 
bus, Post 100, Nf'w York City ; J. S. Goodrich, Post CA), Syra- 
cuse ; S. B. Bancroft, Post 2, Buffalo; Clias. R. Post, Post 21, 
Brooklyn. 



I 



Department of Net/ York. 445 

1881 — Jas. S. Fraser, J. W. Jacobus, re-elected ; Jos. Schnell, 
Post 30, Binghamton ; Herman W. Thum, Post 32, New York 
City ; Henry W. Hughes, Post 89, Brooklyn. 

1882— J. W. Jacobus, re-elected ; C. W. Cowtan, Post 197, 
Brooklyn ; W. H. Wharton, Post 24, New York City; W. C. Booth, 
Post 10, Brooklyn ; H. F. Fox, Post 94, Geneva. 

1883— W. C. Booth, re-elected ; Alonzo Howell, Post 42, New 
York City ; Wm. Blasie, Post 5, Albany ; Theo. L. Poole, Post 
151, Syracuse ; Jno. M. Farquhar, Post 2, Buffalo. 

1884 — Theo. L. Poole, re-elected ; John Beattie, Post 69, New 
York City ; Herman W. Thum, Post 32, New York City ; Wm. H. 
Bright, Post 53, Utica ; I. S. Johnson, Post 130, Warsaw. 

1885— T. L. Poole, John Beattie, H. W. Thum, I. S. Johnson, 
re-elected ; Geo. E. Ketchum, Post 65, Oswego. 

1886 — Theo. L. Poole, I. S. Johnson, Geo. E. Ketchum, re- 
elected; Dennis Sullivan, Post 330, New York City ; J. K. Hood, 
Post 142, Delhi. 

1887 — Theo. L. Poole, re-elected ; Jas. Low, Post 133, Sus- 
pension Bridge ; Martin Short, Post 35, Brooklyn ; Henry C. 
Duryea, Post 176, Goshen ; Herman W. Thum, Post 32, New York 
City. 

1888— Theo. L. Poole, re-elected ; Alfred Lyth, Post 9, Buffalo ; 
Alex. K. Penfield, Post 65, Oswego ; Dennis Sullivan, Post 330, 
New York City ; Thos. B. Odell, Post 135, New York City. 

PARADES OF THE DEPARTMENT. 

For a number of years past the Posts located in New York 
county and Kings county have paraded in New York City and in 
Brooklyn on Memorial Day. These parades have attracted gen- 
eral attention and have been frequently reviewed by the President 
of the United States and the Governor of the State. 

The Department has paraded on two notable occasions; on the 
celebration of Evacuation Day and again at the funeral of General 
Grant. 

On the Centennial celebration of the evacuation of New York 
by the British troops, held in New York City, November 26, 1883, 
the Department of New York made a large and creditable demon- 



446 Grand Army of the Republic. 

stration. The general arrangements for the Grand Army of the 
Republic was assigned to a committee, of which General Henry A. 
Baruum was Chairman, and Comrade M. A. Reed, Secretary. 
Colonel James B. Horner acted as Marshal of the Grand Army 
Division. 

Department Commander John A. Reynolds was present, with 
his staff, and nearly all the Posts of the Department were in line. 
Department officers. Posts and delegations were present from all 
the Eastern States. 

A steady rain fell throughout the day, but the veterans main- 
tained their places in line, and were most enthusiastically ap- 
plauded by the people who lined the route of the parade. 

FUNERAL OF GENERAL GRANT. 

General U. S. Grant died at Mt. McGregor, New York, July 
23, 1885. On the same evening, a special meeting of U. S. Grant 
Post No. 327, Brooklyn, was held, and upon the suggestion of 
Commander H. M. Calvert, a committee was appointed consisting 
of Comrades H. W. Knight, Theo. B. Gates and Wm. H. Barker, 
to tender to the family of General Grant the services of the Grand 
Army of the Republic as a Guard of Honor. Colonel Grant in 
behalf of the family, promptly accepted these services, and details 
of U. S. Grant Post and L. M. Wheeler Post No. 92, Saratoga, 
acted as guards until the arrival of the regular troops. 

Funeral services were held in the cottage on August 4, after 
which a procession was formed, and the casket containing the 
body of General Grant was borne by the Guard of Honor of the 
Grand Army of the Republic to the special train in waiting to 
convey the remains to New York. 

The special train contained the family of General Grant, Major- 
General Winfield S. Hancock and Staff, the Guard of Honor of U. 
S. Grant Post No. 327, L. M. Wheeler Post No. 92, representatives 
of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, representatives of the 
Press, Company A 5th U. S. Artillery, Company E 12th U. S. In- 
fantry and tlie pall-bearers — General William T. Sherman, Gen- 
eral P. H. Sheridan, Admiral D. D. Porter, Vice-Admiral Stephen 
G. Rowan, General Jos. E. Johnson, General S. B. Buckner, Hon. 
Hamilton Fish, Geo. W. Childs, General John A. Logan, George 
Jones and Oliver Hoyt. At Albany they were joined by Governor 
Hill and suite. 

In the funeral procession at New York, on Saturday, August 5, 



Department of New York. 447 

the Catafalque was surrounded by the Guard of Honor of U. 
S. Grant Post : B. R. Corwin, Jas. P. Howatt, Willis McDonald, 
George B. Squires, Henry W. Knight, R. B. Gwillim, Noah Teb- 
betts, Robt. F. McKellar, Wm. J. McKelvey, Geo. W. Brush, Geo. 
J. Collins, AVm. H. Barker, Senior Vice-Commander J. H. John- 
son. 

Following were Comrades Downey and Ormsbee, of L. M. 
Wheeler Post ; the representatives of the Loyal Legion, General 
John J. Milhau, General C. A. Carlton, Paymaster George D. F. 
Barton, Lieutenant-Colonel Floyd Clarkson, Lieutenant-Colonel 
A. M. Clark and Captain Edmund Blunt. 

On one flank of the Guard of Honor marched Company A, 5th 
U. S. Regular Artillery, Captain W. B. Beck, and on the other 
flank, Company E, 12th U. S. Infantry, Major Brown in com- 
mand. 

The escort was composed of Regular troops, marine and naval 
organizations, the First and Second Divisions National Guard 
of New York, a Division of Veteran Guards consisting of the 
Old Guard of New York, the Governor's Foot Guard, Hartford, 
169tli New York Volunteers, Veteran Zouave Association, 10th 
New York Veterans, Washington Continental Guards, Columbo 
Guard, Italian Rifle Guard, Garibaldi Legion, Columbia Guards, 
Veteran Guards (colored). 

The military organizations from other States were : First Regi- 
ment National Guards, Pennsylvania ; Gate City Guards, Atlanta ; 
Third Regiment Connecticut National Guards ; First Regiment 
Massachusetts Infantry ; four Companies Virginia State Troops ; 
Union Veteran Corps, Washington, D. C. ; Capital City Guards ; 
Company D, First Minnesota National Guards ; Veteran Zouaves, 
Elizabeth, New Jersey; two Brigades National Guards, New 
Jersey. 

Closely following the Catafalque came the coaches containing 
the family and relations of General Grant ; George G. Meade 
Post No. 1, of Philadelphia, of which General Grant was a mem- 
ber, following the mourners coaches, and U. S. Grant Post 327, of 
Brooklyn, next in line. Next in coaches came the President and 
Vice-President, Members of the Cabinet, United States Supreme 
Court, United States Senators, Speakers and Members of the 
House of Representatives, Governor of the State of New York 
and suite, Ex-Presidents, Foreign Ministers, Diplomatic and Con- 
sular Officers who served under General Grant, Governors of 



448 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

States, Heads of Bureaus, AVar Department, General Sheridan's 
Staff, General Seliolield and Staff, other Federal, State and City 
Ofticers, Mayors of Cities, Committee of One Hundred — some four 
hundred coaches in all. 

Then came the Veteran Division under command of General 
Daniel E. Sickles, including Officers of the Army and Navy, and 
Marine Corps, Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Society of 
the Potomac, Army of the Tennessee, Army of the Cumberland 
and the Grand Army of the Eepublic under the immediate com- 
mand of Commander-in-Chief S. S. Burdett. Never had there 
been, since the days of the war, such a large parade of veterans. 
Nearly the entire Department of New York was in line, and there 
were IPosts and delegations jDresent from nearly every State in the 
Union, all eager to manifest by their presence their love for their 
old commander, and though this march was a severe one they 
proudly kept in line until it was over. 

From 9 o'clock in the morning until five in the evening, the 
magnificent pageant made its slow and solemn way through streets 
thronged with vast multitudes, who stood silently and respect- 
fully, with heads uncovered as the Catafalque passed along, 
realizing that this was the last grand march of the greatest 
soldier of modern times. 

At the Tomb, the Ritual Services of the Grand Army of the 
Republic were held by George G. Meade Post No. 1, of Philadel- 
phia. 

The interment took place at Riverside, New York City. The 
procession and all details for the funeral were under the charge of 
Major-General Winfield S. Hancock. 

The Guard of Honor j^laced the casket inside the Tomb ; the 
7th and 22d Regiments fired the salute to the dead ; the bugler 
sounded " Taps " " Lights Out," and the ceremonies that but ex- 
pressed the sorrow of the Nation for its great captain were over. 

THE MEMORIAL AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR KINGS COUNTY. 

This most excellent agent for combined efforts in ameliorating 
the condition of indigent veterans and their families was insti- 
tuted ill the spring of 1884 in Brooklyn. 

Its puri)ose at first was to secure a better observance of Me- 
morial Day, but the scope of the Committee Avas later enlarged to 
take charge of all lujitters pertaining to legislatioij in the interest 



Department of New York. 449 

of veterans, for the prosecution of pension claims without cost to 
tlie applicants, and to provide employment for all able to work. 
They also made it a special object to inquire into and secure re- 
dress for any violation of law in the discharge of veterans from 
public employment. 

The city authorities provided a room in the City Hall for the 
use of the Bureau. 

The purposes of this Bureau are concisely stated in a report 
made by a committee of representative citizens on December 17, 
1885: 

Brooklyn, Dec. 17, 1885. 
To the Bureau of Employment and Emergency Fund, O. A. R. 
Gentlemen : 

In compliance with your request that we make a thorough examination into the 
affairs of your Bureau, the method of assisting the worthy and deserving veterans of 
the war in need of help, and the widows and orphans of deceased veterans ; and if 
upon examination we find it worthy of commendation, to embody our views in writ- 
ing, we report as fellows : 

First. The Bureau gratuitously aids soldiers and sailors of the late war, as well as 
the widows and children of those deceased, to present proper applications for pen- 
sions, and proffers advice in a kindly and courteous manner, very gratifying to the 
feelings of the timid and retiring. 

Second, The method of detecting those pretending to be soldiers is very perfect, 
and it is almost impossible for any one to evade the scrutiny of the investigating offi- 
cials. We most earnestly commend the advice of the Bureau to the public, to refuse 
all applications for assistance to unknown persons professing to be veterans, and to 
refer them to Room No. 14, City Hall. 

Third. As far as its funds have permitted, the Bureau has accomplished a good 
work in furnishing medical attendance, clothing, pecuniary assistance and other tem- 
porary aid in various ways to deserving applicants. In short, we find that the money 
at its disposal has been well and wisely expended. 

Fourth. The system adopted for procuring employment for those veterans or chil- 
dren of veterans who are able to work appears well devised, and could be largely ex- 
tended with most beneficent results. The principle that none but those having a good 
record are recommended, and the fact that when employment is furnished any subse- 
quent irregularity or misbehavior is reported back to the Bureau, has a salutary in- 
fluence on the employe. 

Finally. We commend the Bureau to the hearty support of our charitable fellow- 
citizens who desire to aid the soldiers and sailors of the late war resident in Brooklyn, 
and who are now in straitened circumstances. This Bureau seeks employment for 
the able bodied, assists the modest and retiring needy ones who shrink from becom- 
ing a burden to the Commissioners of Public Charities, and effectually disposes of 
impostors who bring disgrace upon the name of veteran. Wm. G. Low, Joseph F. 
Knapp, E. L. Molineux, Alfred T. White, L. S. Burnham. Committee. 

In December, 1887, an appeal was made to the teachers and 
children of the public schools to provide, by small donations 
29 



450 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

from each pupil, for a Christmas dinner for the indigent families 
of veterans. The response to this is shown in the report made 
by Comrade E. A. Dubey : 

One thousand two liuudred and thirty-nine families, consisting of six thousand 
and sixty-four persons, were given a bountiful Christmas dinner, and to meet this de- 
mand there ■were issued five hundred and twentj'-seven barrels and boxes of vege- 
tables, groceries, fruit, etc.. and four thousjind four hundred and twenty-four pounds 
of poultry. Total valuation of goods distributed, ^2,167.03. 

QUEENS COUNTY. 

A similar organization to that for Kings County was formed, 
April 9, 1888, for the Posts in Queens County, and has already 
done effective work in relieving the wants of many indigent 
veterans and their families, and also in looking after the interests 
of any veterans discharged without cause from the public works. 

BUFFALO. 

A Memorial and Executive Committee was formed by the 
Posts of the city of Buffalo, in March, 1885. Up to January 1st, 
1888, meals and lodgings have been furnished 439 veterans, trans- 
portation given 108, employment found for 82, and 51 were sent 
to the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home at Bath. During this year 
there has been a large increase in the numbers seeking aid. 

THE NEW YORK STATE SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' HOME. 

A number of efforts were made in the closing years of the war 
to establish a Soldiers' Home in New York, such efforts depend- 
ing mainly upon the charitably disposed, who believed that men 
who had " borne the battle " should not be compelled to beg or 
seek shelter in an almshouse. 

A Home of small capacity was established in Albany, but so 
little interest was manifested in it by the State authorities, that 
the failure to make a small appropriation compelled the closing 
of the institution early in 1839. 

In February, 1870, a mass meeting was held in New York city, 
over wlicli Peter Cooper presided, when resolutions were adopt- 
ed urging the Legislature to make proper provision for the care 
of indig(uit veterans by the establishment and maintenance of a 
Siatf; Homo. 

The DcpartiiK'iit of New York had strongly urged such action, 



Department of New York. 451 

and was now called upon to aid in securing the necessary legisla- 
tion. A committee was appointed for the purpose, but their ef- 
forts were comparatively fruitless ; the Legislature would not 
consider any project that required the appropriation of State 
money for the purpose. 

On June 3, 1872, an Act was passed, providing for a Board of 
Trustees for a Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, and authorizing them 
to collect funds and receive donations to build and maintain a 
Home ; but even this privilege was so guarded and unsatisfactory 
that the Department felt compelled to relinquish any attempt to 
organize under its provisions. The project was thoroughly dis- 
cussed in ensuing Encampments, and as a result, in 1876, a com- 
mittee of fifteen members of the Department was appointed to 
obtain other legislation and push the matter to a successful issue. 
Upon their suggestion a special Act was passed, approved May 
15, 1876, for the incorporation of another Board of Trustees. 
These trustees organized by the election of E. C. Parkinson, 
Brooklyn, President ; J. A. Lewis, Secretary ; and John F. Henry, 
Treasurer. 

The other members of the Board were : E. W. Brueninghausen, 
S. P. Corliss, E. L. Cole, Ira Davenport, Seymour Dexter, L. W. 
Fiske, K L. Fox, E. F. Finley, Eugene B. Gere, Farley Holmes, 
E. L. Judson, A. H. Nash, John Palmer, W. F. Rogers, M. F. 
Shepard, H. W. Sage, F. H. Shepard, and Sinclair Tousey. 

An encouraging beginning was made in Brooklyn by subscrip- 
tions of over $12,000, and the Posts of the Department, under the 
lead of Department Commander James Tanner, heartily entered 
into the work of raising the amount first deemed necessary — 
$50,000 ; but this sum was soon exceeded, and the Committee was 
able to report subscriptions of over $70,000. 

The citizens of Bath, Steuben County, under the stimulus of 
a large subscription by Ira Davenport, proffered for the Home a 
fine farm of 220 acres, delightfully situated about one and a half 
miles from the village, in the valley of the Cohocton. They also 
contributed $6,000 in cash. Their liberal offer was accepted, and 
contracts were made for the erection of the main building, the 
corner-stone of which was laid with impressive ceremonies June 
13, 1877. On January 22, 1879, the Home was formally opened. 

Notwithstanding the generous response of the people of New 
York, it was early felt that the maintenance of the Home would 
be too heavy a tax upon Grand Army Posts, and application was 



452 Grand Army of the Republic. 

then made to the Legislature for appropriations to finish the 
buildings and provide for the maintenance of the inmates. 

The necessity for the Home had been then so clearly demon- 
strated that there could be no longer any hesitation on the part 
of the Legislature, and they appropriated ^67,361 to finish and 
furnish the buildings, and $15,000 for maintenance for the first 
year. The whole property was transferred to the State, which 
then assumed the entire care of the institution. 

One hundred and forty acres of land have been since pur- 
chased, making in all 360 acres. 

The total cost of lands, buildings and furnishing has been 
$229,405.50. When the present improvements are comj^leted 
there will be accommodation for 1,300 inmates. The largest 
number present at any one time has been 1,025 ; the average num- 
ber present 825. 

In 1887 the cost of maintenance was $109,919. The average 
cost for rations and clothing, per capita, was $2.47f per week. 

A considerable portion of the land is devoted to truck-farm- 
ing, the products all being used in the Home, and affording those 
of the inmates physically able the opportunity for out-door work. 
A large part of the grounds are tastily laid out for walks and 
drives, and flower-beds, shrubbery and trees all add to the natu- 
ral beauty of the place. 

Past Department Commander "William F. Eogers, of Buffalo, 
is now Superintendent of the Home. 

The Board of Trustees is at present (1888) composed of the 
Governor and Attorney-General of the State as ex-officio members; 
Henry W. Slocum, President ; Frank Campbell, Bath, Treasurer ; 
Jno. F. Little, Bath, Secretary ; John Palmer, Albany ; Oliver B. 
Cadwell, Watertown ; Hosea H. Eockwell, Elmira ; Charles J. 
Fox, Painted Post ; Halbert S. Greenleaf, Rochester ; Geo. H. 
Blackman, "VYellsville. 

UNION soldiers' AND SAILORS' ORPHANS' HOME. 

Another matter that occupied the attention and enlisted the 
sympathies of the Department of New York was the care of sol- 
diers' and sailors' orphans, and for whom no provision had been 
made by the State other than in 1870, when the Legislature 
passed a law directing the levying and collection of a tax, by the 
Supervisors of New York city, " for the maintenance of the Union 



Department of New York. 453 

Home and School for the education and maintenance of the chil- 
dren of our volunteers who are left unprovided." This Home had 
been organized by private subscriptions, and had up to this time 
been so maintained. The large sum of $98,988.40 was raised by a 
festival held in 1867. Over 6,000 children were cared for in this 
institution. 

STATE LEGISLATION. 

Within the past few years the Legislature has enacted a num- 
ber of laws affecting the interests of veterans. While the mem- 
bers of the Grand Army have felt and taken a deep interest in 
such matters, a special and effective interest has been shown by 
the officers of the Veterans' Rights Union, and the Committees 
on Legislation of the Memorial and Executive Committees else- 
where referred to. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

May 30 was made a legal holiday by Act of the Legislature, 
passed May 22, 1873. 

BURIAL OF VETERANS. 

By an Act passed May 21, 1884, provision is made for the 
burial of any honorably discharged soldier, sailor or marine who 
may die without leaving means for funeral expenses. Such inter- 
ment is not to be made in any cemetery or plot used exclusively 
for the interment of the pauper dead. The cost for interment is 
not to exceed $35, and an additional sum of $15 is allowed for a 
headstone. 

Comrade Henry A. Phillips, Post 89, was the originator of 
the above Act. 

RELIEF. 

For the relief of indigent and suffering soldiers, sailors and marin ^s who served in 
the war of the rebellion, and their families, or the families of those deceased, who need 
assistance in any town of this State, the proper Auditing Board of such city or town 
* * * may provide such sum or sums of money as may be necessary to be drawn 
upon by the Commander and Quartermaster of any Post of the Grand Army of the 
Republic in said city or town, * * * and the orders shall be proper vouchers for 
the expenditure. * * * Indigent veterans with families, and the families of de- 
ceased veterans, shall, whenever practicable, be provided for and relieved at iheir 
homes. * * * Passed June 35, 1887. 



454 Grand Army of the Republic. 

use of meeting rooms. 

Any county, city, town or village is authorized to lease to any Post of the Grand 
Army of the Hepublic any public building, or part thereof, at a nominal rent. * * * 
Passed June 15, 1886. Anunded March 19, 1888. 

By Act passed June 9, 1888, provision shall be made in any 
State armory for a proper and convenient meeting room for 
Posts, without expense. 

By Act passed May 1, 1888, a suitably furnished room in the 
State Hall was set apart, under the direction of the Depart- 
ment Commander, for the supplies and property of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, relics and mementos of the war, and for 
arranging and preserving the history of individuals who served 
in the army, navy or marine corps during the rebellion. 

ISSUE OF ARMS TO POSTS. 

By an Act passed June 25, 1886, the Adjutant-General is au- 
thorized to issue twelve stands of arms, complete, for the firing 
squad of each Post. 

GRAND ARMY BADGE. 

By an Act passed February 4, 1885, persons not duly entitled 
to the same are prohibited from wearing the badge of the Grand 
Army of the Republic under penalty of imprisonment not ex- 
ceeding thirty days, or fine not exceeding twenty dollars, or by 
both such fine and imprisonment. A similar law was passed 
January 30, 1888, relative to the insignia or rosette of the Loyal 
Legion. 

MONUMENTS. 

An Act passed April 24, 1886, authorizes the veteran soldiers 
of the late war to erect a monument on the Capitol grounds at 
Albany, in honor of the women of New York for their humane 
and patriotic acts during the war. 

By an Act passed April 21, 1886, the Board of Supervisors of 
the several counties are authorized to appropriate moneys for the 
erection of pul)lic monuments in commemoration of the veterans 
of the late war of the rebellion, and for repairing and remodeling 
such monuments. 

An Act passed May 15, 1888, provides for the formation of 



Department of New Jersey. 455 

voluntary associations for the erection of such monuments, and 
defines their rights and duties. 

By Act of the Legislature in 1887, the authorities of the city 
of Brooklyn are authorized to raise $100,000 by taxation for the 
erection of a Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in that city. 

By Act passed May 26, 1886, $5,000 were appropriated for 
expenses of Commissioners to designate the positions and move- 
ments of the troops of New York at Gettysburg ; and on March 
27, 1888, $74,500 were appropriated for monuments at Gettys- 
burg, being $1,500 for each regiment or battery engaged in that 
battle. 

PREFERENCE IN EMPLOYMENT. 

By an Act passed March 1, 1886, amending an Act passed May 
25, 1885, it is provided : 

§ 4. In grateful recognition of the services, sacrifices and sufferings of persons 
who served in the army and navy of the; United States in the late war, and have been 
honorably discharged tlierefrom, they shall be preferred for appointment to positions 
in the civil service of the State, and of the cities affected by this Act over other persons 
(of equal standing), as ascertained under this Act and the Act hereby amended, and 
the person thus preferred shall not be disqualified from holding any position in said 
civil service on account of his age nor by reason of any physical disability, provided 
such disability does not render him incompetent to perform the duties of the position 
applied for. 

Orderlies, watchmen, and others designated, employed upon 
public buildings, must be persons honorably discharged from the 
Union army or navy during the rebellion. 

By Act approved April 10, 1888, no person holding a position 
by appointment, in any city or county of the State, who is an 
honorably discharged soldier, sailor or marine, shall be removed 
from such position except for cause shown after a hearing. 



DEPAETMENT OF NEW JEESET. 

General Edward Jardine was one of the representatives present 
at the Pittsburgh Convention, September 24, 1866, and was there 
obligated as a member of the Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Soon after he was appointed Aid-de-Camp on the Staff of the 
Commander-in-Chief, and later, Provisional Commander. 



456 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

A cliarter was issued direct from National Headquarters for 
Post No. 1, at Boonton, New -Terse}', dated December 26, 1866, 
countersigned by General Jardine as Aid-de-Camp. 

The claim of this Post to seniority in the Department was 
contested by Kearny Post, of Newark, holding a cliarter dated 
December 6, 1866, issued by General J. B. McKean, Grand Com- 
mander Department of New York and Senior Vice-Commander-in- 
Chief. It was held, however, by the Department, that this charter 
w^as invalid, there being a Provisional Commander in charge of 
the Department, and Kearny Post was assigned No. 2. Later, on 
the disbandment of the Boonton Post, Kearny Post was issued 
a new charter as No. 1, Department of New Jersey. 

The Convention to organize the Permanent Department was 
held in Newark, December 10, 1867, when General Jardine \vas 
elected Department Commander. He so served until January 29, 
1869, and later, on removing to New York, became the Com- 
mander of that Department. 



ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE DEPARTMENT. 

December 10, 1867, Newark ; I. April 9, 1868, Trenton ; II. 
January 24, 1869, Newark ; III. January 13, 1870, Camden ; lY. 
January lo, 1871, Elizabeth ; Y. January 29, 1872, Paterson ; YI. 
January 28, 1873, Trenton ; YII. January 21, 1874, Newark ; YIII. 
January 28, 1875, New Brunswick ; IX. January 27, 1876, Tren- 
ton ; X. January 31, 1877, Elizabeth ; XI. January 30, 1878, Pas- 
saic ; XII. January 23, 1879, Orange ; XIII. February 25, 1880, 
Trenton ; XIY. February 24, 1881, Camden ; XY. January 25, 
1882, Trenton ; XYI. January 25, 1883, Trenton ; XYIL January 
30, 1884, Trenton ; XYIII. February 11, 1885, Trenton ; XIX. 
February 11, 1886, Trenton ; XX. February 10, 1887, Trenton ; 
XXI. February 9, 1888, Trenton. 



SEMI-ANNUAL MEETINGS AND REUNIONS. 

September 1, 1868, Jersey City ; July 14, 1869, Trenton ; July 
20, 1870, New Brunswick ; July 21, 1871, Camden ; July 1, 1872, 
Newark ; July 22, 1874, Paterson ; August 26-29, 1879, Camp 
Skillmaii ; August 16-20, 1880, Bordentowu ; September 3-8, 
1883, Princeton; 1888, Deckertown. 



Department of New Jersey. 457 



DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 



Provisional, E. Jardine. Permanent Department — 1867-68, E. 
Jardine, Post 2, Newark (see Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 
Chapter XIII) ; 1869-70, William Ward, Post 11, Newark (see 
Quartermaster-General, Chapter XIV) ; 1871-72, Richard H. Lee, 
Post 6, Camden ; 1873, John R. Goble, Post 19, Hoboken (see 
Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Chapter XII) ; 1874-75, Chas. 
Burrows, Post 28, Paterson ; 1876, E. W. Davis, Post 11, Newark ; 
1877-78, *John Mueller, Post 34, Newark ; 1879, Samuel Hufty, 
Post 5, Camden ; 1880, Geo. W. Gile, Post 5, Camden ; 1881, 
Charles H. Houghton, Post 44, Metuchen ; 1882, Edward L. 
Campbell, Post 23, Trenton ; 1883, Geo. B. Fielder, Post 3, Jersey 
City; 1884-85, Henry M. Nevius, Post 61, Red Bank ; 1886, Frank 
O. Cole, Post 3, Jersey City ; 1887, Jno. L. Wheeler, Post 61, 
Red Bank ; 1888, E. Burd Grubb, Post 21, Beverly. 



SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867-68, Alfred F. Sears, Post 2, Newark ; 1870, fRichard H. 
Lee ; 1871, Samuel J. Hopkins, Post 18, Morristown ; 1872, t John 
R. Goble ; 1873, J. F. Rusling, Post 8, Trenton ; 1874-75, fE. W. 
Davis ; 1876, fJohn Mueller ; 1877-78, fSamuel Hufty; 1879, Will- 
son F. Smith, Post 25, Elizabeth ; 1880, J. L Van Alst, Post 3, 
Jersey City ; 1881, F. W. Sullivan, Post 11, Newark ; 1882-83, 
Alex. M. Way, Post 15, New Brunswick; 1884-85, W. B. E. Miller, 
Post 37, Camden ; 1886, Philip E. Tufts, Post 27, Rahway ; 1887, 
Budd S. Bodine, Post 23, Trenton ; 1888, J. M. Smith, Post 88, 
Newark. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867-68, W. S. Stryker, Post 8, Trenton ; September, 1868-69, 
tRichard H. Lee; 1870, ^Samuel J. Hopkins; 1871, Ira W. Corey, 
Post 8, Trenton ; 1872, J. R. Woodruff, Post 8, Trenton ; 1873, 
Isaac Van Houten, Post 28, Paterson ; 1874-75, fE. L. Campbell 
(to Department Commander, 1882) ; 1876, |Samuel Hufty ; 1877- 
78, tWillson F. Smith ; 1879, ^John I. Van Alst ; 1880, fChas. H. 
Houghton ; 1881, John R. Grubb, Post 37, Camden ; 1882, Wil- 

* Deceased. f To Department Commander. % To Senior Vice-Commander. 



458 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Ham G. White, Post 10, Vineland ; 1883, fW. B. E. Miller ; 1884- 
85, S. N. Eockliill, Post 45, Bordentown ; 188(), fBndd S. Bodine ; 
1887, James E. Hicks, Post 42, Bridgeton ; 1888, J. A. Wildrick, 
Post 97, Belvidere. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1869, Alex. N. Dougherty, Post 11, Newark ; 1870, W. W. L. 
Phillips, Post 8, Trenton ; 1871-72, G. W. Terriberry, Post 28, 
Paterson ; 1873-75, John H. Austin, Post 6, Camden ; 1876, J. K. 
Leal, Post 35, Paterson ; 1877-78, *D. McNeil, Post 29, Jersey 
City ; died November 9, 1883 ; 1879, E. T. Whittington, Post 11, 
Newark ; 1880, E. L. Welling, Post 8, Trenton ; 1881, D. W. C. 
Hough, Post 27, Rahway ; 1882, Stephen Pierson, Post 24, Mor- 
ristown ; 1883, W. W. L. Phillips, Post 8, Trenton ; 1884, Geo. S. 
Dearborn, Post 66, Washington ; 1885, W. E. Mattison, Post 51, 
Plainfield ; 1886-87, *L. W. Oakley, Post 25, Elizabeth ; 1888, J. 
T. Luck, Post 14, Union. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1869, R. B. Yard, Post 8, Newark ; 1870, Julius D. Rose, Post 
18, Morristown ; 1871-72, R. W. Martin, Post 25, Elizabeth; 1873- 
74, Robert R. Thompson, Post 19, Hoboken ; 1875, A. J. Palmer, 
Post 38, Jersey City Heights ; 187&-77, Hiram Eddy, Post 28, Pat- 
erson ; 1878-79, Isaac Tuttle, Post 1, Newark ; 1880, A. Proudfit, 
Post 18, Hackettstown ; 1881, A. H. Lung, Post 5, Camden ; 1882, 
William Harris, Post 30, Princeton ; 1883, James L. Davis, Post 
12, Orange ; 1884, J. H. Harpster, Post 23, Trenton ; 1885, W. A. 
Bronson, Post 43, Perth Amboy ; 1886, W. H. Coxson, Post 55, 
Millville ; 1887, W. A. Bronson, Post 43, Perth Amboy ; 1888, D. 
M. AVells, Post 56, Newark. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1867-68, Geo. B. Halsted, Post 2, Newark ; August 26, 1868, 
Henry G. Shaw; 1869, E. W. Davis, Post 11, Newark ; 1870, Rich- 
ard Darnstaedt, Post 11, Newark ; 1871-72, Joseph C. Lee, Post 
6, Camden ; 1873, Robt. H. Alberts, Post 19, Hoboken ; 1874-75, 
John W. Drew, Post 28, Paterson ; 1876-78, F. W. Sullivan, Post 

* Deceased. t To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Department of New Jersey. 459 

11, NeAvark ; 1879, Jos. C. Lee, Post 5, Camden ; succeeded by 
H. L. Hartshorn, Post 5, Camden ; 1880, Albert Crump, Post 5, 
Camden ; 1881-82, *E. Llojd Eoberts, Post 44, Metuchen ; died 
December 22, 1882, and was succeeded by Chas. H. Houghton, 
Post 44 ; 1883, John Ramsay, Post 3, Jersey City; 1884-86, fJohn 
L. Wheeler ; 1887, Samuel N. Eockhill, Post 45, Bordentown ; 
1888, H. L. Hartshorn, Post 5, Camden. 



ASSISTANT quartermasters-general. 

1868, F. T. Farrier, Post 3, Jersey City ; 1869-70, Richard 
Hopwood, Post 11, Newark ; 1871-72, William M. Palmer, Post 6, 
Camden ; 1873, Bayley B. Brown, Post 19, Hoboken ; 1874-75, 
William J. Buckley, Post 28, Paterson ; 1876, Richard Hopwood, 
Post 11, Newark ; 1877-78, Emil Toering, Post 34, Newark ; 1879, 
W. M. Palmer, Post 5, Camden ; resigned ; succeeded by Chas. P. 
Brown, Post 23, Trenton ; 1880, E. P. Simpson, Post 3, Jersey 
City ; 1881-82, Chas. P. Brown, Post 23, Trenton ; 1883, John G. 
Fisher, Post 38, Jersey City ; 1884-85, Chas. F. Kirker, Post 28, 
Paterson ; 1886, John Ramsay, Post 3, Jersey City ; 1887, Chas. 
F. Kirker, Post 28, Jersey City ; 1888, C. L. Magrath, Post 37, 
Camden. 

INSPECTORS. 

1869-70, Alex. Nichols, Post 6, Camden ; 1871-72, Willson F. 
Smith, Post 25, Elizabeth ; 1873, A. M. Way, Post 15, New Bruns- 
wick ; 1874-75, W. H. H. Stryker, Post 28, Paterson ; 1876, itWill- 
son F. Smith ; 1877-83, W. H. De Hart, Post 25, Elizabeth ; 1884- 
85, tF. O. Cole ; 1886, Chas. R. Wale, Post 38, Jersey City ; 1887, 
Henry C. Terhune, Post 61, Red Bank ; 1888, W. H. De Hart, 
Post 25, Elizabeth. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1873, Robt. McCague, Jr., Post 19, Hoboken ; 1874-75, Henry 
S. Drury, Post 28, Paterson ; 1876, Peter F. Rogers, Post 11, 
Newark ; 1877-79, O. A. Kibbe, Post 15, New Brunswick ; 1880, 
E. C. Stahl, Post 8, Trenton; 1881-82, Geo. W. Atherton, Post 15, 
New Brunswick; Sept. 1, C. Ewan Merritt, Post 26, Mount Holly; 

* Deceased. f To Department Commander. X To Junior Vice-Commander. 



460 Grand Army of the Republic. 

1883, *Henry M. Nevius ; 1884-85, Samuel Toombs, Post 12, Or- 
ancre ; 1886-87, E. B. Seymour, Post 3, Jersey City ; 1888, T. W. 
Middleton, Post 59, Toms River. 



CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1874-75, Samuel W. Thompson, Post 35, Paterson ; 1876, 
Emil Toering, Post 34, Newark ; 1877-78, Geo. Sipp, Post 3, Jer- 
sey City ; 1879, J. A. Rodrigo, Post 1, Newark ; 1880, Peter F. 
Rogers, Post 11, Newark ; 1881, J. A. Rodrigo, Post 1, Newark ; 
1882, *Geo. B. Fielder, Post 3, Jersey City ; 1883, C. H. Benson, 
Post 11, Newark; 1884-85, Phil. E. Tufts, Post 27, Rahway; 1886, 
C. Ewan Merritt, Post 26, Mount Holly ; 1887, A. M. Matthews, 
Post 12, Orange ; 1888, L. H. Bridgem, Post 4, Newark. 



COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1867 — Richard H. Lee, Post 6, Camden ; F. Shellenberger, 
L. T. Brant, H. M. Fagen ; M. T. Dwyer, Post 11, Newark. 

1868— M. T. Dwyer, re-elected ; S. M. Dubois, Townsend Cox, 
James Danforth, William H. Bowman. 

1869— M. T. Dwyer, re-elected ; Jas. F. Rusling, Post 8, Tren- 
ton ; Ed. S. Hoffman, Post 18, Morristown ; William Wilson, Post 
6, Camden ; J. H. Anderson, Post 15, New Brunswick. 

1870— M. T. Dwyer, Jas. F. Rusling, William Wilson, re- 
elected ; AVillsou F. Smith, Post 25, Elizabeth ; Chas. F. Hop- 
kins, Post 1, Boonton, 

1871 — Jas. F. Rusling, Chas. F. Hopkins, re-elected ; William 
AYard, Post 11, Newark ; Geo. M. Joy, Post 22, Toms River ; R. 
B. Seymour, Post 3, Jersey Cit3\ 

1872— Jas. F. Rusling, William Ward, Chas. F. Hopkins, R. 
B. Seymour, re-elected ; Fred. H. Harris, Post 2, Newark. 

1873— Wm. Ward, Fred. H. Harris, re-elected ; John L. Mul- 
ford. Post 15, New Brunswick ; James N. Rue, Post 8, Trenton ; 
Jos. C. Lee, Post 6, Camden. 

1874-75— Wm. Ward, J. L. Mulford, J. C. Lee, re-elected ; J. 



To Department Commander. 



Department of New Jersey. 461 

F. Kusling, Post 8, Trenton ; A. D. Blancliet, Post 18, Morris- 
town. 

1876 — J. L. Mulford, re-elected ; R. H. Lee, Post 5, Camden ; 
W. H. H. Stryker, Post 28, Paterson ; E. P. Reichelm, Post 29, 
Jersey City ; Jos. R. Woodruff, Post 8, Trenton. 

1877— J. L. Mulford, W. H. H. Stryker, E. P. Reichelm, Jos. 
R. Woodruff, re-elected ; Richard Hopwood, Post 11, Newark. 

1878— J. L. Mulford, W. H. H. Stryker, E. P. Reichelm, re- 
elected ; James Benson, Post 19, Hoboken ; R. C. Sneeden, Post 

I, Newark. 

1879— W. H. H. Stryker, re-elected ; Jno. G. Fisher, Post 38, 
Jersey City ; Emil Toering, Post 34, Newark ; Geo. Sipp, Post 3, 
Jersey City ; W. S. Sulger, Post 8, Trenton. 

1880— H. B. Francis, Post 5, Camden ; J. L. Mulford, Post 15, 
New Brunswick ; T. Higgs, Post 14, Union ; T. W. Seaman, Post 

II, Newark ; Thomas P. Rockett, Post 3, Jersey City. 

1881 — Isaac Van Houten, Post 28, Paterson ; Chas. P. Bowers, 
Post 1, Newark ; Alex. M. Way, Post 15, New Brunswick ; W. 
W. Mines, Post 37, Camden ; F. M. Riley, Post 42, Bridgeton. 

1882— F. M. Riley, re-elected ; Chas. Burrows, Post 28, Pater- 
son ; John R. Grubb, Post 37, Camden ; Samuel Toombs, Post 
12, Orange ; James F. Connelly, Post 1, Newark. 

1883— F. M. Riley, Chas. Burrows, re-elected ; D. A. Pelou- 
bet, Post 13, Jersey City ; E. P. Reichelm, Post 29, Jersey City ; 
W. H. Rightmire, Post 5, Camden. 

1884 — Chas. Burrows, re-elected ; A. M. Way, Post 15, New 
Brunswick ; Lewis E. Wills, Post 32, Atlantic City ; James E. 
Hicks, Post 42, Bridgeton ; F. W. Sullivan, Post 11, Newark. 

1885 — Chas. Burrows, F. W. Sullivan, James E. Hicks, re- 
elected ; H, L. Hartshorn, Post 5, Camden ; E. C. Stahl, Post 8, 
Trenton. 

1886 — H. L. Hartshorn, re-elected ; John C. Fisher, Post 13, 
Jersey City ; Samuel N. Rockhill, Post 45, Bordentown ; J. M. 
Latimer, Post 53, Haddonfield ; Samuel Toombs, Post 12, Orange. 

1887 — H. L. Hartshorn, re-elected ; H. R. Havens, Post 8, 
Trenton ; R. H. Lee, Post 5, Camden ; James N. Duffy, Post 11, 
Newark ; E. D. Parkhurst, Post 4, Newark. 



462 Grand Army of the Republic. 

1888 — H. R. Havens, re-elected ; Geo. Barrett and W. H. Sher- 
man, Post 5, Camden ; P. Lyncli, Post 13, Jersey City ; H. D. 
Moore, Post 53, Haddonfield. 

STATE soldiers' HOME. 

New Jersey was the first State to establish a Soldiers' Home. 
The Hon. Marcns L. Ward, of Newark, then a private citizen, 
afterwards Governor of the State and, in 1874, Member of Con- 
gress from. the Sixth District, was during the war untiring in his 
labors in caring for the soldiers and sailors in the service, and 
especially for those returning sick or wounded. He early saw 
that there were many men discharged from the service who still 
needed, and would need, care and attention, and, led by this, in 
1863, he petitioned the Legislature to make inquiry into the best 
methods for properly caring for this class. 

Under a joint resolution of the Legislature, approved April 
12, 1864, Marcus L. Ward, Daniel Haines, William A. Newell, Ed- 
ward A. Stevens, Chas. S. Olden and Rynear H. Veghte were con- 
stituted a commission to inquire and report on the best methods 
for accomplishing the object stated. 

In accordance with their suggestions, an Act Avas passed, ap- 
proved March 23, 1865, for the establishment of a Soldiers Home, 
and the same gentlemen were appointed commissioners to expend 
$50,000 api^ropriated for that purpose. 

The Commissioners leased for a term of years the property 
at Newark that had been used by the Government as a hospital, 
known as the Ward U. S. General Hospital, and they also pur- 
chased a number of the hospital buildings, thus early pre2:)aring 
for the reception of soldiers. By an Act approved March, 1866, 
the Commissioners were constituted Managers of the " New Jer- 
sey Home for Disabled Soldiers." 

Tlie Home was opened July 4, 1866, and was formally dedicated 
September 5, 1866, thus preceding by over a year the dedication of 
the first of the National Homes established by the United States 
Government. The early record of the New Jersey Home show 
that even in the small number of men first admitted a large pro- 
portion required hospital treatment, and the care and attention 
HO given them restored many to a degree of health that enabled 
them thereafter to care for tliemselves. Without giving the de- 
tails of the yearly reports, the usefulness of the institution is 



Department of New Jersey. 463 

shown bj tlie fact that 14,724 veterans have been housed, fed, 
clothed and cared for. 

For the past year the cost of maintenance was $32,592.79 ; the 
daily average of the inmates was 329 ; number of deaths during 
the year, 35. 

In 1886, the Department of New Jersey petitioned the Legis- 
lature for an appropriation to erect new buildings in place of 
those that by long use had become unfit for their purpose. 

The Legislature promptly appropriated $60,000, and then in- 
creased the amount to $125,000. A new site was purchased on the 
eastern shore of the Passaic river, in Kearny township (named 
after General Phil Kearny, and near his old home), Hudson 
county. The grounds cover seventeen acres, the old mansion on 
the place was remodeled and six new buildings added, all espe- 
cially designed for that use by Comrade Paul G. Boticher, ar- 
chitect. 

Governor Ward served as Treasurer of the Home for eighteen 
years, and since his death this position has been filled by his son, 
Marcus L. Ward, Jr. 

Major Peter F. Rogers, Post 1, Newark, has been Superinten- 
dent for the past nine years. The Chaplain, Rev. Isaac Tuttle, 
Post 1, Newark, has served from the opening of the Home. 

For many years the Department of New Jersey, Grand Army 
of the Republic, has had a standing committee on Soldiers' Home 
— Dr. J. Younglove, of Elizabeth, Chairman — which has made full 
reports to the Encampment each year, giving interesting statistics 
and making many valuable suggestions. 

In addition to the State Home, provision is made for the re- 
lief of indigent veterans at their homes by a payment of two to 
six dollars per month, according to the circumstances in each 
case, and in this way nearly $200,000 have been disbursed. 

A Soldiers' Children's Home was established by the State by 
Act approved March 23, 1865. It was maintained as a State in- 
stitution until 1876. $309,461.09 were expended on its mainte- 
nance during this time. 

New Jersey, also, made liberal provision for its soldiers and 
sailors during their term of service, first by an allowance of six 
dollars per month to the families of such as were married, or to 
the widowed mother of those without families ; and second, by an 
allowance of four dollars per month to all enlisted men, to be 



464 Grand Army of the Republic. 

paid ou their honorable discharge from the service. $2,453,067 
have been paid under this Act. 

Provision is also made by law for the payment of the funeral 
expenses of any Union soldier or sailor who may die without 
leaving sufficient means to meet such expense, the cost not to ex- 
ceed §35, and an allowance of $15 for a headstone. 



STATUE OF GENERAL KEARNY. 

A fine bronze statue of General Philip Kearny stands in the 
Military Park, Newark. This, the first statue in honor of a vol- 
unteer officer, was erected through the efforts of Kearny Post, 
No. 1. A duplicate has been placed in the Statuary Hall of the 
Capitol at Washington ; General Kearny having been selected by 
the Commissioners appointed by the State in accordance with an 
Act of Congress, as one of the two representative citizens of New 
Jersey to be thus honored. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

Memorial Day is a legal holiday in New Jersey. 



DEPARTMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

The leading association of veterans formed in Pennsylvania 
after the close of the war was known as the " Boys in Blue." In 
Philadelphia ward associations were represented in a General 
Council, having more direct charge of the work required to ad- 
vance the political interests of soldiers and sailors belonging to 
the Republican Party in that city. 

This Council was represented at the Pittsburgh Convention, 
September 24, 1866, and a number of members were then initiated 
into the Grand Army of the Republic. No report Avas made of 
this, however, until after the October elections, when a committee 
consisting of Colonel S. B. Wylie Mitchell, Colonel Robt. B. 
Beatli and Captain W. J. Mackey, was authorized to secure a 
charter for a Grand Army Post. 

Application was made to General J. K. Proudfit, Commander 



Department of Pennsylvania. 465 

Department of Wisconsin, and from him was received a charter 
for Post Number One, District of Philadelphia, dated October 29, 
1866. 

The charter members were S. B. AVylie Mitchell, Robert B. 
Beath, William J. Mackey, Louis Wagner, Richard Donagan, 
Nicholas Baggs, John Sage, Isaac T. Ayer, Jacob S. Stretch, 
George J. Ker, Jos. M. Kelley, Jacob M. Davis, H. Wise Bach, 
John C. Morgan, Samuel Johnson, Robert L. Omensetter, Lewis 
H. Martin, John G. Kelley, Frank M. Crawford, Jos. L. Wilson, 
John T. Brady, Jos. S. Ashton, Samuel Kemble, Jeremiah B. 
Fleming, Kennedy Brown, Jas. W. Allen, Wm. J. Roney, Johnston 
Roney, Joshua T. Owen and Jas. Given. 

The Post was organized by the election of Colonel Mitchell as 
Commander, and it was arranged that several of the members 
should withdraw to form Posts in their own wards. Colonel 
Mitchell issued charters to Posts as follows : November 7, Post 2, 
3d Ward, R. B. Beath, Commander ; November 16, Post 3, 22d 
Ward, Louis Wagner, Commander ; November 19, Post 4, 18th 
Ward, J. M. Davis, Commander ; November 20th, Post 5, 19th 
Ward, Nicholas Baggs, Commander. 

John G. Kelley was deputized to represent the above Post at 
the Indianapolis Convention, where Colonel Clayton McMichael 
and Major RosAvell Feltus were also representing another Post 
No. 1, of Philadelphia. 

The question of seniority was there raised and decided in favor 
of the Post commanded by Colonel McMichael, it having received 
a charter direct from the acting Commander-in-Chief, B. F. Sie- 
phenson, dated October 16, 1866, with the following charter- 
members : E. R. Bowen, E. E. Chase, J. Edward Carpenter, Ros- 
well G. Feltus, Harrison Lambdin, Clayton McMichael, John 
McGrath, M. D., J. Harry Stewart, Campbell Tucker, and Samuel 
Worthington. 

Colonel McMichael, thus recognized as Commander of the 
first Post, was elected as such October 17, 1866, and was also the 
senior member of the Order in the State, having been mustered 
into the Grand Army, August 18, 1866, when on a visit in the 
West. He had served during the war, from May 3, 1861, to Sep- 
tember 27, 1865, in the regular service, and had been promoted 
Captain and Brevet Major, United States Army. He was wounded 
in action at Kelley's Ford, Virginia, August, 1863, and again at 
Petersburg, August, 1864. 
30 



406 



Grand Army of the Republic. 




Colonel Clayton McMichael. 



Later another claim was 
made for seniority of Posts at 
Pittsburgh, and also for the 
Post, now No. 19, Philadel- 
phia. As early as August, 
1866, a number of veterans in 
Pittsburgh discussed the ques- 
tion of there organizing a Post 
of the Grand Army, and sev- 
eral conferences were held in 
the office of Colonel Thos. M. ' 
Bayne. No definite action was 
taken, however, until some 
time after the Pittsburgh Con- 
vention of September 24, when 
General A. L. Pearson went to 
Springfield, Illinois, to jDerson- 
ally make inquiries about the Order, and to obtain authority for 
organizing. 

On his return, he obligated ^Y. B. Cook, Thos. M. Bayne, E. 
A. Montooth, Jno. F. Hunter, Samuel Harper, Samuel Kilgore, 
Jno. F. Kerr and Lee S. Smith, and it was arranged that two 
Posts should be formed, which were chartered by Commander-in- 
Chief Stephenson as Posts 1 and 2, District of Allegheny ; the 
charter of the first Post was dated November 3, 1866. According 
to the dates of charters it was the third in rank in the State, and 
in the subsequent renumbering became Post No. 3. The Post in 
Philadelphia commanded by Colonel McMichael was numbered 1, 
and that commanded by Colonel Mitchell, No, 2. The Philadel- 
phia Posts chartered by Colonel Mitchell were renumbered .5, 6, 
7 and 8. The second Post in Pittsburgh, No. 4, was soon given 
up and its members were mainly transferred to Post 3. 

Colonel Washington M. Worrall, who afterwards introduced 
in the Legislature the bill making Memorial Day a legal holiday 
in Pennsylvania, was one of the delegation from the Boys in Blue 
to the Pittsburgh Convention, and he was there obligated in the 
Grand Army. Soon after his return, he called a meeting of mem- 
bers of his chib of Boys in Blue, relative to forming a Post, which 
me<>ting was held Octol)er 8. Another meeting was held Novem- 
ber 30, when Colonel Worrall was elected Post Commander, but 
owing to delay in reporting, all the earlier numbers for charters 



Department of Pennsylvania. 467 

were taken up, and this Post became No. 19, its charter dating 
December 22, 1866. 

An older organization in the State than the Boys in Blue, but 
occupying necessarily a more limited field, was- the U. S. Soldiers' 
Union of Chester. 

Under a call of veterans of that city, issued November 14, 1865, 
a meeting for organization was held November 22, and Alex. King 
was elected President ; John C. Barrowclough, Secretary. This 
society was a non-political beneficial society, and it later adopted 
the Constitution and By-laws of the Soldiers' National Union — 
organized as a beneficial society, to secure concerted action in ob- 
taining legislation especially for the equalization of bounties, and 
to secure employment for veterans under the National, State and 
local governments. 

This Soldiers' Union of Chester held weekly meetings until it 
was organized as Post No. 25, Department of Pennsylvania, Grand 
Army of the Republic, on January 29, 1867, A change was made 
in officers, James Cliff becoming Post Commander, but it con- 
tinued the work of the former society, committees of the old re- 
porting to the new without any break. 

Provisional Department. — General Louis Wagner was appointed 
Provisional Commander, November 22, 1866, and assumed com- 
mand November 28, appointing Colonel James Given Assistant 
Adjutant-General, and Captain W. J. Mackey, Assistant Quarter- 
master-General. He chartered nineteen Posts prior to the meet- 
ing for organizing the Permanent Department, which was held in 
Philadelphia, January 16, 1867: During the year 1867, 101 Posts 
were organized. 

Annual Meetings of the Department have been held as fol- 
lows : 

I. January 16, 1867 ; 11. January 29, 1868, Philadelphia ; III. 
January 13, 1869, West Chester; IV. January 26, 1870, Pitts- 
burgh ; Y. January 25, 1871, Allentown ; VI. January 24, 1872, 
Philadelphia ; VII. January 22, 1873, Harrisburg ; VIII. Janu- 
ary 28, 1874, Lancaster ; IX. January 28, 1875, Chester ; X. Jan- 
uary 26, 1876, Pittsburgh ; XL January 24, 1877, Wilkesbarre ; 
XII. January 30, 1878, Lebanon ; XIIL January 29, 1879, Har- 
risburg ; XIV. January 28, 1880, Reading; XV. January 19, 



468 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

1881, Pittsburgh ; XVI. January 25, 1882, Williamsport ; XVII. 
January HI, 1883, AVilkesbarre ; XVIII. February 6, 1884, Lan- 
caster ; XIX. February 10, 1885, Harrisburg ; XX. February 9, 
1886, Scranton ; XXI. February 8, 1887, Harrisburg ; XXII. Feb- 
ruary 14, 1888, Allentown. 

SEMI-ANNUAL ENCAMPMENTS. 

I. July 17, 1867, Philadelphia; II. July 8, 1868, Pottsville ; 
III. July 14, 1869, Altoona ; IV. July 20, 1870, Wilkesbarre ; 
V. July 26, 1871, Erie ; VI. July 2, 1872, Gettysburg ; VII. July 
23, 1873, Williamsport ; VIII. July 22, 1874, Bethlehem ; IX. 
July 21, 1875, Corry ; X. July 5, 1876, Philadelphia ; XL August 
8, 1877, LeM'isburg ; XII. July 24, 1878, Gettysburg ; XIII. July 
30, 1879, Erie ; XIV. July 25, 1880 ; XV. July 27, 1881 ; XVI. 
July 26, 1882 ; and XVII. August 29, 1883, Gettysburg ; XVIII. 
August 16-21, 1884, Belief onte ; XIX. August 8-14, 1885 ; XX. 
July 6, 1886 ; XXL July 1-5, 1887 ; and XXIL July 1-5, 1888, 
Gettysburg. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1866, Provisional, Louis '\^'agner, Post 6, Germantown ; 1867, 
Louis AVagner, Post 6, Germantown (see Commander-in-Chief, 
Chapter XIX) ; 1868, A. L. Pearson, Post 3, Pittsburgh ; 1869, O. 
C. Bosbysh«ll, Post 23, Pottsville ; 1870-71, A. R. Calhoun, Post 
19, Philadelphia ; resigned 1871, and was succeeded by H. J. 
Reeder, Senior Vice-Commander, Post 129, Easton ; 1872, Frank 
Reeder, Post 129, Easton ; 1873, Robt. B. Beath, Post 23, Potts- 
ville (see Commander-in-Chief, Chapter XXII) ; 1874, *A. Wilson 
Norris, Post 19, Philadelphia (see Inspector-General, Chapter 
Xli); 1875, W. W. Tyson, Post 88, Allegheny; 1876, Jas. W. Latta, 
Post 2, Philadelphia ; 1877, S. Irviu Givin, Post 5, Philadelphia ; 
1878, Chas. T. Hull, Post 202, Athens ; 1879, Geo. L. Brown, Post 
17, Minersville; 1880, ChillW. Hazzard, Post 60, Monon^ahela 
City; 1881, John Taylor, Post 51, Philadelphia (see Quarter- 
master-General, Chapter XXI) ; 1882, John M. Vauderslice, Post 
2, Philadelphia (see Adjutant-General, Chapter XXII) ; 1883, E. 
8. Osborne, Post 97, Wilkesbarre ; 1884, F. H. Dyer, Post 120, 
Washington ; 1885, Austin Curtin, Post 261, Milesburg ; 1886, J. 

* Deceased. 



Department of Pennsylvania. 469 

P. S. Gobin, Post 42, Lebanon ; 1887, Samuel Harper, Post 155, 
Pittsburgh ; 1888, Frank J. Magee, Post 270, Wrightsville. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, Clayton McMicbael, Post 1, Philadelphia ; 1868, *James 
L. Selfridge, Post 13, Allentown ; 1869, *Robert L. Bodine, Post 
2, Philadelphia ; 1870, Geo. S. Wood, Post 151, Allegheny ; 1871, 
tH. J. Reeder ; 1872, Norman M. Smith, Post 117, Pittsburgh ; 
1873, D. Newlin Fell, Post 2, Philadelphia ; 1874, fW. W. Tyson ; 

1875, tS. Irvin Givin ; 1876, Samuel A. Losch, Post 26, Schuylkill 
Haven ; 1877, fChas. T. Hull ; 1878, J. K. Barr, Post 84, Lancas- 
ter; 1879, Smith D. Cozens, Post 10, Philadelphia; 1880, William 
B. Rose, Post 94, Philadelphia ; 1881, fF. H. Dyer ; 18S2, W. N. 
Jones, Post 64, Williamsport ; 1883, A. J. Sellers, Post 1, Phila- 
delphia ; 1884, fAustin Curtin ; 1885, A. P. Burchfield, Post 162, 
Allegheny ; 1886, J. H. Druckemiller, Post 226, Marietta ; 1887, 
J. Edwin Giles, Post 20, Hazleton ; 1888, W. R. Jones, Post 181, 
Braddock. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, Robert B. Beath, Post 5, Philadelphia ; resigned July, 
1867 ; A. L. Pearson, Post 3, Pittsburgh ; 1868, W. M. Worrall, 
Post 19, Philadelphia ; 1869, E. A. Montooth, Post 3, Pittsburgh ; 
1870, Chas. Albright, Post 61, Mauch Chunk; 1871, Curtis S. 
Haven, Post 117, Pittsburgh ; 1872, Levi Huber, Post 23, Potts- 
ville ; 1874, ]B. I. Givin ; 1875, W. H. Martin, Post 25, Chester ; 

1876, D. O'Neill, Post 10, Philadelphia ; 1877, R. C. Hazlett, Post 
117, Pittsburgh ; 1878, C. R. Lantz, Post 42, Lebanon ; 1879, 
James L. Paul, Post 58, Harrisburg ; 1880, Theo. Burchfield, 
Post 62, Altoona ; 1881, George F. Harris, Post 95, Bellefonte ; 
1882, James A. Gibbs, Post 22, Danville ; 1883, Geo. F. Randolph, 
Post 30, Johnstown ; 1884, Daniel Caldwell, Post 19, Philadelphia ; 
1885, Fred. J. Amsden, Post 139, Scranton ; 1886, J. M. Dowry, 
Post 28, Indiana ; 1887, Wm. J. Ferguson, Post 400, Philadelphia; 
1888, Geo. R. Hart, Post 27, Philadelphia. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1867, Lewis R. Read, Post 11, Norristown ; 1868-69, *S. B. W. 
Mitchell, Post 2, Philadelphia (see Surgeon-General, Chapter 

* Deceased. f To Department Commander. X To Senior Vice-Commander. 



470 



Grand Army of the Republip. 



VIII); 1870-71, J. W. De 
Witt, Post 2, PhiLulelphia ; 
1872-73, C. C. V. Crawford, 
Post 149, Rockland, and 1874 
-78, from Post 25, Chester ; 
1879-80, Clias. Styer, Post 
8, Philadelpliia (see Sur- 
geon-General, Chap. XX) ; 
1881, C. C. Lange, Post 42, 
Pittsburgh; 1882, Wm. D. 
Hall, Post 62, Altoona (see 
Surgeon-General, Chapter 
XXIII) ; 1883, Jos. C. Fer- 
guson, Post 114, Philadel- 
phia; 1884, J. B. Davis, Post 
Thomas J. Stewart. 145^ Shenandoah ; 1885, S. 

M. Trinkle, Post 8, Philadelphia; 1886, A. Prieson, Post 122, 
Lock Haven ; 1887, W. B. Kroesen, Post 38, Etna ; 1888, S. F. 
Chapin, Post 235, Wattsburgh. 




CHAPLAINS. 

1867, Chas. Collins, Post 2, Philadelphia ; 1868, *Jas. Under- 
due, Post 27, Philadelphia ; 1869, Jos. S. Evans, Post 31, West 
Chester ; 1870, J. J. Marks, Post 134, Brookville ; 1871, *Thos. P. 
Hunt, Post 97, Wilkesbarre ; 1872, John W. Sayers, Post 157, 
Hamburg, and 1873-88, of Post 16, Reading. 



ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1866-67, *Jas. Given, Post 2, Philadelphia; 1868, *W. B. Cook, 
Post 3, Pittsburgh ; 1869-72, tR. B. Beath, Post 23, Pottsville ; 
1873-74, Chas. S. Greene, Post 2, Philadelphia ; 1875, Xorman M. 
Smitli, Post 117, Pittsburgh; 1876-81, fJohn M. Vanderslice, Post 
2, Philadelphia; 1882-88, Thomas J. Stewart, Post 11, Norris- 
town. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

186r>-69, Wm. J. Mackey, Post 8, Philadelphia ; 1870, Wm. J. 
Smith, Post 19, Philadelphia; 1871, Levi G. McCauley, Post 31, 



* Deceased. 



f To Department Commander. 



Department of Pennsylvania. 471 

West Chester ; 1872-75, J. E. Mullikin, Post 1, Philadelphia; 1876, 
S. Irvin Givin, Post 5, Philadelphia ; 1877, David T. Davies, Post 
21, Philadelphia ; 1878-80, *John Taylor, Post 51, Philadelphia ; 
1881, John A. Stevenson, Post 1, Philadelphia; 1882, H. G. Wil- 
liams, Post 8, Philadelphia ; 1883, Smith D. Cozens, Post 160, 
Philadelphia ; 1884-88, H. G. Williams, Post 8, Philadelphia. 

INSPECTORS. 

1868, A. M. K. Storrie, Post 19, Philadelphia ; 1869, A. R. 
Calhoun, Post 19, Philadelphia ; 1870-71, Levi Huber, Post 23, 
Pottsville ; 1872, H. Willis Bland, Post 16, Reading ; 1873, fJ. F. 
Frueauff, Post 118, Colnmbia ; 1874, James Dykes, Post 11, Nor- 
ristown ; 1875, A. M. K. Storrie, Post 19, Philadelphia ; 1876-77, 

F. J. Burrows, Post 64, Williamsport ; 1878, J. Andrew Wilt, Post 
68, Towanda ; 1879, Richard Rahn, Post 23, Pottsville ; 1880, H. 

G. Tillinghast, Post 56, Philadelphia ; 1881, Thos. J. Gist, Post 
59, McKeesport ; 1882, Thos. Munroe, Post 20, Hazleton ; 1883, 
Thos. G. Sample, Post 128, Allegheny City ; 1884, S. M. Duvall, 
Post 151, Pittsburg ; 1885-86, Thos. F. Maloney, Post 58, Harris- 
burg ; 1887, *Frank J. Magee, Post 270, Wrightsville ; 1888, John 
y. Miller, Post 52, Lewisburg. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1869, tChas. Albright, Post 61, Mauch Chunk ; 1870, H. J. 
Reeder, Post 129, Easton ; 1871, Wm. Blakeley, Post 88, Alle- 
gheny ; 1872, W. W. Brown, Post 70, Corry (see Inspector-Gen- 
eral, Chapter XIII) ; 1873, Norman M. Smith, Post 117, Pitts- 
burgh ; 1874, E. S. Osborne, Post 97, AVilkesbarre ; 1875, D. 
Newlin Fell, Post 2, Philadelphia ; 1876, fGeo. F. Smith, Post 31, 
West Chester ; 1877, fJohn D. Bertolette, Post 61, Mauch Chunk ; 
1878-79, Oscar L. Jackson, Post 100, Newcastle ; 1880, J. Andrew 
Wilt, Post 68, Towanda ; 1881, E. P. Gould, Post 67, Erie ; 1882, 
B. C. Christy, Post 88, Allegheny City ; 1383, S. A. Will, Post 3, 
Pittsburgh ; 1884, Wendell P. Bowman, Post 1, Philadelphia ; 
1885, W. W. Ames, Post 216, St. Mary's ; 1886, F. A. Osbourn, 
Post 2, Philadelphia ; 1887, D. B. McCreary, Post 67, Erie ; 1888, 
Thos. E. Merchant, Post 2, Philadelphia. 

* To Department Commander. f Deceased. 



472 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

chief mustering officers. 

1873, *G. W. Durrell, Post 16, Reading ; 1874-75, C. O. Zie- 
genfuss. Post 182, Bethlehem ; 1876, W. S. Caldwell, Post 88, Al- 
legheny ; 1877, A. M. Hunter, Post 9, Gettysburg ; 1878, Jas. K. 
Helms, Post 26, Schuylkill Haven ; 1879, C. E. Andrews, Post 68, 
Towanda ; 1880, Jno. A. Danks, Post 104, Connellsville ; 1881, D. 
O'Neill, Post 10, Philadelphia ; 1882, *A. M. Moreland, Post 151, 
Pittsburgh ; 1888, Geo. W. Kennedy, Post 23, Pottsville ; 1884, 
Thos. Osborn, Jr., Post 240, Lundy's Lane; 1885, John W. 
AValker, Post 67, Erie ; 1886, William M. Lambert, Post 3, Pitts- 
burgh ; 1887, Wm. B. Bird, Post 140, Shamokin ; 1888, AV. W. 
Greenland, Post 205, Clarion. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1867— James M. McGee, Post 15, Eoxborough ; W. H. Seip, 
Post 13, Allentown ; *S. B. W. Mitchell, Post 2, Philadelphia ; 
E. H. Eauch, Post 16, Reading ; L. D. Wilson, Post 16, Reading. 

;,868— *J. R. Oxley, Post 35, Pittsburgh ; E. A. Montooth, Post 
3, Pittsburgh ; *A. Patterson, Post 88, Allegheny ; F. K. Duke, 
Post 46, Philadelphia ; *Geo. F. Smith, Post 31, West Chester. 

1869— C. K. Campbell, Post 89, Pittston ; Geo. W. Grant, Post 
16, Reading ; *C. M. Prevost, Post 1, Philadelphia ; B. F. Selig- 
man. Post 47, St. Clair ; W. D. Connelly, Post 8, Philadelphia. 

1870— C. K. Campbell, re-elected; Chas.S. Greene, Post 2, 
Phihulelphia ; Thos. A. Nicholls, Post 47, St. Clair ; Lane S. Hart, 
Post 58, Harrisburg ; Frank Reeder, Post 129, Eastou. 

1871 — Chas. S. Greene, Lane S. Hart, re-elected ; Geo. W. 
Grant, Post 16, Reading ; W. C. Barns, Post 71, Philadelphia ; 
A. B. Howell, Post 129, Easton. 

1872— Chas. S. Greene, W. C. Barns, re-elected ; A. J. B. 
Berger, Post 129, Easton ; W. H. Willock, Post 151, Birming- 
ham ; J. W. Simpson, Post 27, Philadelphia. 

1873 — John P. Rea, Post 84, Lancaster (Commander-in-Chief, 
Chapter XXVI) ; Norman M. Smith, Post 117, Pittsburgh ; J. G. 
Heilinan, Post o2, Jonestown ; J. B. Linn, Post 90, Bellefonte ; W. 
J. Mackey, Post 8, Philadelphia. 

* Deceased. 



Department of Pennsylvania. 473 

1874— John T. Brady, Post 5, Philadelphia ; C. O. Ziegenfuss, 
Post 182, Bethlehem ; *G. W. Durrell, Post 16, Beading ; W. W. 
Jennings, Post 58, Harrisburg ; A. H. Dill, Post 52, Lewiston. 

1875 — W. J. Mackey, C. O. Ziegenfuss, re-elected ; Oscar Bol- 
ton, Post 6, Germantown ; S. D. Cozzens, Post 10, Philadelphia ; 
H. S. Thomas, Post 31, West Chester. 

1876— J. K. Mullikin, Post 1, Philadelphia ; J. E. Bryan, Post 
55, Frankford ; C. H. Foote, Post 71, Philadelphia ; Chas. H. 
Gresh, Post 97, Wilkesbarre ; O. A. Lnckenbach, Post 182, Beth- 
lehem. 

1877— W. J. Mackey, Post 8, Philadelphia ; W. J. Kramer, Post 
46, Philadelphia ; John Taylor, Post 51, Philadelphia ; Jas. E. 
McLane, Post 21, Philadelphia ; O. A. Parsons, Post 91, Wilkes- 
barre. 

1878— Fred. P. Simon, Post 7, Philadelphia ; E. G. Carpenter, 
Post 10, Philadelphia ; G. W. Kennedy, Post 23, Pottsville ; E. 
G. Sellers, Post 8, Philadelphia ; *Geo. W. Durrell, Post 16, 
Reading. 

1879— Eli G. Sellers, re-elected; *Chas. McKnight, Post 18, 
Philadelphia; L. W. Shengle, Post 94, Philadelphia ; Jno. V. Sailer, 
Post 63, Philadelphia ; R. M. J. Reed, Post 56, Philadelphia. 

1880— E. G. Sellers, L. W. Shengle, re-elected ; W. C. Hanna, 
Post 24, Philadelphia ; H. Johnson, Post 7, Philadelphia ; Joseph 
Gould, Post 92, Mt. Carmel. 

1881— E. G. Sellers, re-elected ; Edwin Walton, Post 63, Phila- 
delphia ; A. J. Speese, Post 35, Philadelphia ; Wm. E. Hoffman, 
Post 46, Philadelphia; W. F. Aull, Post 117, Pittsburgh. 

1882— E. G. Sellers, W. F. Aull, re-elected ; L. W. Shengle, 
Post 94, Philadelphia ; A. J. Sellers, Post 1, Philadelphia ; T. K. 
Donnelly, Post 63, Philadelphia. 

1883— E. G. Sellers, L. W. Shengle, re-elected; J. H. Missemer, 
Post 160, Philadelphia ; Jno. F. Hunter, Post 3, Pittsburgh ; Al- 
bert Shaeffer, Post 46, Philadelphia. 

1884— Eli G. Sellers, L. AV. Shengle, Jno. F. Hunter, re-elected; 
W. C. Johnson, Post 12, Roxborough ; Jas. T. Long, Post 51, 
Philadelphia. 

* Deceased. 



474 



Grand Army of the Kepublic. 



1885— E. G. Sellers, W. C. Johnson, J. F. Hunter, Jas. T. Long, 
re-elected ; Amos Coar, Post 63, Pliiladelpliia. 

1886— E. G. Sellers, L. W. Sliengle, Jno. F. Hunter, re-elected ; 
Thad. L. Yanderslice, Post 2, Philadelphia ; M. L. ■\\'agenseller. 
Post 148, Selinsgrove. 

1887— E. G. Sellers, M. L. Wagenseller, Jno. F. Hunter, T. L. 
Yanderslice, re-elected ; Wm. Emsley, Post 51, Philadelphia. 

1888— Eli G. Sellers, M. L. Wagenseller, John F. Hunter, Wm. 
Emsley, re-elected ; Benj. L. Myers, Post 46, Philadelphia. 




MUSTER OF GENERAL GRANT. 

Comrade Samuel Worth- 
ington, then Adjutant of Gen- 
eral Geo. G. Meade Post No. 
1, Philadelphia, was the orig- 
inator of the movement to en- 
list General Grant as a mem- 
ber of that Post. 

An application containing 
the official military record of 
General Grant was forwarded 
to him with the request that 
he would complete the same 
Toy affixing his signature. 

General Grant replied, as 
shown in the fac-sjmile letter 
herewith. He was greatly 
pressed for time on reaching Philadelphia, and it was found nec- 
essary to have a special service for his muster, in the private 
office of Geo. W. Childs, Public Ledger building, for which a 
dispensation was granted by Department Commander Giviu. 
Post Commander Geo. "W. Devinney then mustered General Grant 
on the morning of May 16, 1877, in the presence of a number of 
members of Post 1. 

After his muster in the Grand Army of the Republic, in ac- 
cordance with arrangements previously made. General Grant 
received the greetings of many hundred veterans of Philadelphia 
and vicinity, in TndejxMidenco Hall. 

Upon his return from the tour around the world, he received 



U. S. GltANT. 



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Department of Pennsylvania. 475 

a most enthusiastic welcome at a Grand Army Camp-fire in the 
Academy of Music, Pliiladelphia, December 12, 1879. 

That large building was filled by members of the Grand Army 
of the Eepublic. On the stage were grouped the National and 
Department ofiicers, the Committee of Arrangements, officers of 
Posts, and soldiers' orphans from the Homes in Philadelphia. 

A number of personal friends of General Grant also occupied 
seats on the stage, and in the private boxes, among them Bishop 
Simpson, Geo. AV. Childs and Geo. H. Stuart. 

General Grant was escorted to the Academy of Music by 
Post No. 1, and a representative delegation from each city Post, 
Grouped around his carriage were the bearers of thirty tattered 
battle-flags. The route was one blaze of fire-works, and the en- 
thusiasm of the people as General Grant and his escort passed 
reached the highest pitch, making a scene never to be forgotten 
by those privileged to witness it. 

General John P. Hartranft, Post 11, presided at the Academy. 
Governor Henry M. Hoyt, Post 97, made an eloquent address of 
welcome. General Grant replied, speaking in a clear and distinct 
tone that was plainly heard all over the building, and was listened 
to with the closest attention. He said : 

Governor Hoyt and Comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic : 

It is a matter of very deep regret with me that I had not thought of something or 
prepared something to say in response to the welcome which I am receiving at your 
liands this evening, but really since my arrival I have not had the time and before 
that I scarcely thought of it. But I can say to you all that in the two years and 
seven months since I left this city to make a circuit of the globe, I have visited every 
capital in Europe and most of the Eastern Nations, but there has not been a country 
which I have visited in that circuit where I have not found some of our members. 
In crossing our own land from the Pacific to the Atlantic side, there is scarcely a new 
settlement, a cattle range or collection of pioneers, that they are not almost entirely 
composed of veterans of the late war. It calls to my mind the fact, that while wars 
are to be deplored, and unjust wars always to be avoided, yet they are not an un- 
mixed evil. The boy who is brought up in his country home, or his village home, or 
his city home, without any exciting cause, is apt to remain there and follow the pur- 
suit of his parent, and not develop beyond it, and in the majority of cases, not come 
up to it; but being carried away in the great struggle, and particularly one where so 
much principle is involved as in our late conflict, it brings to his view a wider field 
than he contemplated at his home, and although in his field service he longs for the 
home he left behind him. yet when he gets there he finds that a disappointment, and 
has struck out for new fields, and has developed the vast dominions which are given 
to us for our keeping— for the thou.sands of liberty seeking people. The ex-soldier 
has become the pioneer, not only of our land, but has extended our commerce and 
trade, and knowledge of us and our institutions to all other lands, and when brighter 
days dawn upon other nations — particularly those nations of the East America will 



476 Grand Army of the Republic. 

step in for her share of tlie trade which will be opened, and through the exertions of 
the ex-soldiers, the comrades, veterans, and I might say. members of the Grand Army 
of the Republic. 

Comrades, having been compelled, as often as I have been since my arrival in 
San Francisco, to utter a few words not only to ex-soldiers but to all other classes of 
citi7.ens of our great country, and always speaking without any preparation, I have 
necessarily been obliged to repeat, possibly not in the same words, but the same 
ideas. But the one thing I want to impress is that we have a country to be proud of, 
to t^ght for and die for if necessary. While many of the countries of Europe give 
practical protection and freedom to the citizen, yet there is no European country 
that compares in its resources with our own. There is no country where tlie ener- 
getic man can, l)y his own labor and his own industry, ingenuity and frugality, ac- 
quire competency as he can in America. 

A trip abroad, and the study of the institutions and difficulties of a poor man 
making his waj" in the world, is all that is necessary to make us better citizens and 
happier with our lot here. 

Comrades, I thank you for the very cordial welcome you have given me, and I 
regret that I have not been prepared to say better what I would like to say to you. 

After his address, General Grant was presented with a solid 
gold Grand Army badge — probably the only one ever so made. 

GRAND ARMY DAY AND REUNIONS. 

The Department of Pennsylvania owes much of the success it 
has achieved to the fraternal feelings stimulated and maintained 
by the many reunions held in the State. 

" Grand Army Day " was first observed in 1877, when the 
Eleventh Anniversary of the formation of the Order in Pennsyl- 
vania was celebrated by a parade of the Department, all in the 
ranks appearing in full Grand Army uniform ; followed in the 
afternoon and evening by interesting public exercises in the main 
Exhibition Building of the Centennial Exposition in Fairmount 
Park, Philadelpliia. So long as this building was maintained, the 
Grand Army Day ceremonies were there held each October, but 
the expense attendant upon Posts visiting from any great dis- 
tances prevented many from making annual visits, and the pa- 
rades, therefore, were participated in mainly by Posts of Phila- 
delphia and vicinity. 

The general observance of Grand Arm}' Day has given place 
to a large number of reunions held at different points in the 
State through the joint action of Posts located in one or more 
counties, and all of these have been very successful, especially in 
the smaller towns, where there has been a general closing of 
places of })usiness on that day, and the people have turned out 
en masse to greet the veterans. 



Department of Pennsylvania. 477 

gettysburg. 

In 1872, the Department Encampment met at Gettysburg, but 
much less interest was manifested in this, the first reunion on this 
historic battle-field, than was anticipated. The Department at 
that time had less than 4,000 members, and no further efforts were 
made to hold reunions there until July 24, 1878, when there was a 
large and very successful meeting. 

Since then, with the exception of the years 1879 and 1884, the 
Department of Pennsylvania has there encamped for a full week 
each summer; and these Encampments have added greatly to the 
public interest in this battle-field by the presence of so many vet- 
erans, and have attracted thousands of other visitors. The State 
has loaned the Department all the tents and camp equipage re- 
quired. 

The preservation of the natural and artificial defences of this 
great battle-field in a large degree in the condition it was left after 
the battle, was due to the forethought of several leading citizens 
of Gettysburg, who fully appreciated the place it would occupy 
in history. 

The Gettysburg Battle-field Memorial Association was incor- 
porated by an Act approved April 30, 1864, with ample powers 
and authority to purchase lands, lay out and improve roads and 
avenues and supervise the erection of memorial structures. 

The Association, from time to time, as funds in the treasury 
justified, has purchased land and now holds in fee simple over 
five hundred acres, embracing the grove where General Reynolds 
fell, the two Round Tops, the Wheat Field, East Cemetery Hill, 
Gulp's Hill, the entire Union line of battle from Cemetery Hill to 
Round Top, the Union line of battle from Fairfield road to Mum- 
masburg road, etc. It has also the care and custody of about 
forty acres of land owned by General Crawford, including the 
"■ Devil's Den " and the ground lying between the Wheat Field 
and the Round Tops. About sixteen miles of drive-way along 
the Union lines, reaching various points of interest, have been 
constructed, a large portion of which is substantially enclosed. 
The places reached by these drive-ways are off the public roads, 
and heretofore could only be traversed on foot. 

The lands already purchased form relatively a small proportion 
of the twenty-five square miles of territory which the field em- 
braces, and which the General Government has surveyed, and it 



478 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

is hoped tluit fimils will soon be secured to add very largely to the 
property of the Association. 

The stock of the Association is held mainly by Posts and mem- 
bers of the Grand Army of the Kepiiblic. 

The following appropriations have been made direct to the 
Association for the purchase of lands, opening avenues, etc. : 

Pennsylvania, $16,000 ; Minnesota, $1,000 ; Massachusetts, 
§5,000 ; Connecticut, $2,500 ; Rhode Island, $1,000 ; New York, 
$20,000 ; New Hampshire, $1,000 ; New Jersey, $8,000 ; Delaware, 
$500 ; Vermont, $1,500 ; Maine, $2,500 ; Ohio, $5,000 ; Michigan, 
$2,500 ; Wisconsin, $1,500 ; Maryland, $1,000. 

Besides these, Massachusetts appropriated $13,000 for the 
erection of monuments ; Rhode Island, $2,000 ; New Jersey, $6,000 ; 
Indiana, $3,000 ; Minnesota, $500 ; New Hampshire, $2,000 ; Dela- 
Avare, $1,500, Yermout, $6,500, Ohio $35,000. New^ York and Penn- 
sylvania have each appropriated $1,500 to erect a monument to 
each command from their respective States in the battle, making 
for New York a total of $130,500, and for Pennsylvania, $121,500. 
Maine, Maryland, Michigan and AYisconsin, appropriated $1,000 
to each command. The United States Government has apj^ro- 
priated $15,000 to be expended in marking the position of regu- 
lar troops, and surveys have been completed of their positions. 
Maryland appropriated $5,000 to mark the positions of Mary- 
land Regiments in this battle. The monuments were dedicated 
October 25, 1888. Pennsylvania also contributed $20,000 for the 
National Cemetery at Gettysburg. 

A large number of monuments, tablets, statues, etc., have been 
erected by regiments and batteries, and many others will be placed 
in position in the near future. Only two States, having three 
regiments each in this battle, have failed to make an appropri- 
ation for this purpose. 

The Board of Directors is comjjosed almost exclusively of 
members of the Grand Army of the Republic. Representatives 
from the different States making contributions have been placed 
on the Board. The following are now (1888) so serving : 

President, General Jas. A. Beaver, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 
Governor of Pennsylvania ; Yice-President, Colonel C. H. Bueli- 
ler. Post 9, (lettysburg, Pennsylvania ; Secretary, John M. Krauth, 
Post 9, Gettysburg ; Treasurer, J. Lawrence Schick, Gettysburg ; 
Superintendent of Grounds, Sergeant Nicholas G. Wilson, Post 9. 



Department of Pennsylvania. 479 

directors. 

Major-General S. W. Crawford, United States Army, Post 191, 
Philadelphia ; General Louis Wagner, Post 6, Germantown, Penn- 
sylvania, Past Commander-in-Chief, Grand Army of the Republic ; 
J. M. Yanderslice, Post 2, Philadelphia, Past Department Com- 
mander, Pennsylvania ; Colonel Chill W. Hazzard, Post 60, Mo- 
nongahela, Pennsylvania, Past Department Commander, Pennsyl- 
vania ; General Henry A. Barnum, Post 77, New York, Past 
Department Commander, New York ; General Frank D. Sloat, 
Post 17, New Haven, Connecticut, Past Department Commander, 
Connecticut ; General Charles L. Young, Post 15, Toledo, Ohio, 
Past Senior Yice-Commander-in-Chief ; John C. Linehan, Post 
31, Penacook, New Hampshire, Past Junior Yice-Commander- 
in-Chief ; General Lucius Fairchild, Post 11, Madison, Wiscon- 
sin, Past Commander-in-Chief ; Major John P. Piea, Post 4, Min- 
neapolis, Minnesota, Past Commander-in-Chief ; Colonel Wheel- 
ock G. Yeazey, Post 14, Rutland, Yermont, Past Judge-Advocate- 
General ; Colonel George G. Briggs, Grand Rapids, Michigan ; 
Colonel John B. Bachelder, Boston, Massachusetts, Government 
Historian of the Battle of Gettysburg ; Cai3tain W. E. Miller, 
Post 201, Carlisle, Pennsylvania ; Colonel Charles .H. Buehler, 
Sergeant Wm. D. Holtzworth, Jacob A. Kitzmiller, Calvin Ham- 
ilton, Rev. H. W. McKnight, D. D., of Post 9, Gettysburg ; J. L. 
Schick, and S. Mc. Swope, Esq., Gettysburg. 



PENNSYLVANIA SOLDIERS ORPHANS SCHOOLS. 

In June, 1862, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, which as 
a corporation had zealously supported the Government in the 
prosecution of the war, tendered to Governor Andrew G. Curtin 
the sum of $50,000, to be used in the equipment of troops for the 
field. 

Governor Curtin having no authority to accept this gift, ob- 
tained the consent of the Railroad Company for its use in the 
erection of a Soldiers' Home, the need of which had even then 
been demonstrated. Having obtained this consent, Governor 
Curtin earnestly presented this subject to the Legislature, but the 
proposition was coldly received by the lower House. 

Discouraged somewhat, but not disheartened, Governor Curtin 



480 Grand Army of the Republic. 

thought there would be a better chance of success with another 
project, the necessity for which had been deeply impressed upon 
him, the care and education of the soldiers' orphans. Again he 
applied to the Railroad Company for its consent to such a trans- 
fer, and then requested Prof. J. P. Wickersham, of Lancaster, to 
draft a bill, for presentation to the Legislature, which would cover 
the whole ground of education and maintenance by the State of 
all soldiers' orphans, or children of indigent, honorably discharged 
soldiers and sailors. 

Such a bill was accordingly prepared and presented, but as in 
the previous proposition, the lower House, while willing to per- 
mit acceptance of the donation of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Company, was decidedly averse to any expenditure of State funds. 
For this reason, they substituted for the proposed bill, a new one 
that provided for the expenditure of this $50,000 of the company 
through the school-directors of the several school-districts whose 
duty it should be " to make arrangements for the maintenance and 
schooling of the orphans resident within their district by con- 
tracting with suitable parties * * * upon .such terms * * 
that the services of such children shall either in whole or in part 
be accepted as an equivalent for the necessary expenses incurred 
in their maintenance and schooling." The amount allowed for 
each child was from $10 to $30 per annum, " according to the age, 
extent of destitution, state of health and other circumstances of 
the children." 

It seems almost incredible that even a small minority of the 
Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania should consider such a 
proposition, yet the bill for thus meanly farming out, as paupers, 
the orphans whose fathers had so recently given their lives for 
their country, actually passed the lower House. The bill was 
unceremoniously rejected by the Senate. 

When the House Bill was rejected, the best that could then 
})e done was to secure consent to the acceptance of the donation 
of $50,000, to be expended under the direction of a Superintendent 
of Soldiers' Orphans, but no appropriation of any State funds was 
then made. 

Prior to this time, however, and without any thought of rec- 
ompense from the State, provision had been made for the care of 
soldiers' orphans in the Northern Home for Friendless Children 
in Philadelpliia, under the charge of Mrs. E. E. Hutter, and in the 



Department of Pennsylvania. 481 

Soldiers' Orphan Home at Pittsburgh, which had been expressly 
established for the purpose. 

The Hon. Thomas H. Burro wes, of Lancaster, was appointed 
Superintendent, and for the first year he made arrangements for 
the care of 118 children in the above named institutions and in 
the Allegheny Home for Friendless Children, Children's Home at 
Lancaster, the Church Home for Children, and St. Paul's Orphan 
Asylum in Philadelphia. 

Other educational institutions afterwards made provision for 
soldiers' orphans until the special Schools or Homes were regu- 
larly established. 

In 1865 there was a decided change in the Legislature, and 
$75,000 were appropriated to continue the schools. Each year 
following, larger appropriations were made, until the highest 
amount in any one year, $530,000, was reached in 1870. At the 
close of the school-year. May, 1871, 3,607 children were on the 
rolls. 

The first bill provided only for children whose fathers had 
been killed or died of wounds received or disease contracted in 
the service. Through the efforts of the Grand Army of the Ke- 
public and other patriotic friends of the system, these restrictions 
as to time or cause of death were removed, and the children of 
destitute soldiers and sailors or the orphans of those who had 
died from any cause, became entitled to the benefit of these 
Homes. 

The Legislature also at different times prescribed a date after 
which no more applications should be received, but, through the 
same influence, the time was finally extended to June 1, 1887. 
The Act of 1883 also provided that the schools should be closed 
June 1, 1890, at which time it is estimated nearly 1,600 children 
will remain in the schools, who doubtless will be properly cared 
for until they reach the age at which all others were discharged — 
sixteen years. 

The boys and girls discharged from these Homes, having re- 
ceived a good education and careful training, have in nearly all 
cases been able to care for themselves, and the " Sixteeners," as 
they are called, are a credit to the State which, in grateful appre- 
ciation of the services and sacrifices of their fathers, has done- so 
much for them. 

At present (1888) fifteen institutions care for 2,249 children. 
The expenditures for the year ending May 31, 1888, were $364,196.82. 

31 



•482 Grand Army of the IIepublic. 

lu all, 14,834 children liave been admitted to tlie different Homes. 
The total ajjpropriatious from 1865 to June 1st, 1888, amount to 
88,983,919.02.* 

Pennsylvania's soldiers' and sailors' home. 

Reference has been made to the efforts of Governor Curtin to 
secure the establishment of a Soldiers' Home. 

In 1869, Governor John AV. Geary strongly urged the Leg- 
islature to make an appropriation for a Home " where the 
helpless soldiers and sailors of the Republic should be amply 
provided with the necessary comforts of life." The Department 
Encampment, Grand Army of the Republic, strongly endorsed 
this recommendation, but no action was taken by the Legislature 
on account of the largely increasing appropriations needed for the 
Soldiers' Orphans Schools. 

In 1867, the State had appropriated money for the erection of 
a Marine Hospital at Erie, and about $100,000 had been expended 
on the main building, when work was stopped by the refusal of 
the Legislature to make further appropriations. This building 
remained unoccupied for several years, and in 1877, Post No. 67, 
of Erie, agitated the question of its use for a Soldiers' Home. 
Through the efforts of this Post, the Legislature consented to the 
transfer of the buildings and grounds to the United States as a 
branch of the National Homes, and the committee of the Post en- 
deavored to secure a favorable recommendation from the Board 
of Managers of the National Homes, but without success. 

In June, 1883, Post No. 11, of Norristown, on motion of 
Colonel Theo. W. Bean, adoj)ted a resolution : 

" That the establishment of Soldiers' Homes in Pennsylvania 
for the aged, destitute and disabled survivors of her volunteer 
troops is a present necessity, and that such Homes should be self- 
supporting by utilizing land, and other mechanic arts." 

In January following, Commander-in-Chief Beath strongly 
recommended the Department Encampment to move in this mat- 
ter, and a committee was then appointed to fully consider the sub- 
ject, and report such action as should be deemed necessary. 

In 1885 a bill for the purpose was presented in the Legislature 
by Hon. I. B. Brown, Post 70, Corry, appropriating $30,000 for 

*For a more extended account of these Homes, see Wickershams History of Edu- 
cation in Pennsylvania, pages 586-005, and Paul's History of Soldiers' Orphans 
Schools. 



Department of Pennsylvania. 483 

fittiug up and furnishing a Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, and 
$70,(^00 for its maintenance for two years. 

The Governor, State Treasurer, Auditor-General, one member 
of th^i State Senate, and tAvo members of the House of Repre- 
sentatives, with five ex-soldiers or sailors to be named by the 
Commander of the Department of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of 
the Republic, constituted the Board of Trustees. With the ex- 
ception of Governor Robt. E. Pattison, who took -a very deep in- 
terest in the project, all of the Trustees were members of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. Governor Pattison was afterwards 
succeeded on the Board by Governor James A. Beaver. 

The Marine Hospital at Erie was selected for the Home, and 
was opened for the reception of inmates February 22, 1886. 

The building, as then arranged, could only accommodate about 
200 inmates, so the State appropriated in 1887, $1-0,000 for its ex- 
tension and $113,700 for maintenance for the years 1888-89. The 
Home, when these additions are fully completed, will have am.ple 
accommodations for 600 inmates. The trustees (1888) are — Presi- 
dent, Governor James A. Beaver; Vice-President, Robt. B. Beath; 
Secretary, Thos. J. Stewart ; Treasurer, General Louis Wagner ; 
Thos. McCamant, Auditor-General ; W. B. Hart, State Treasurer ; 
General J. P. S. Gobin, State Senate ; Hon. Chas. R. Gentner and 
Robt. Chadwick, House of Representatives ; I. B. Brown, Jno. M. 
Vanderslice — all members of the Grand Army. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

Memorial Day was made a legal holiday by Act of the Legis- 
lature approved May 26, 1874. The Act specified that when May 
30 falls on Sunday, the day preceding shall be observed. 

BURIAL OF DECEASED SOLDIERS. 

By an Act presented by Assistant Adjutant-General T. J. Stew- 
art, Member of the House from Montgomery county, passed May 
13, 1885, it was made the duty of the County Commissioners in 
each county to provide decent burial for each honorably dis- 
charged soldier or sailor dying in indigent circumstances. The 
expenses are not to exceed $35. 

Comrades of the Grand Army have been appointed in nearly 
all the counties of the State to report all such cases and attend to 
the necessary details. 



484 Grand Army .of the Republic. 

discharges, etc. 

Bj an Act passed April 30, 1885, it was made a misdemeanor, 
punishable by fine or imprisonment, to withhold the commis- 
sions or discharges of any honorably discharged soldier, sailor 
or marine. 

ISSUE OF ARMS, ETC. 

By an Act approved June 1, 1887, the Adjutant-General is au- 
thorized to supply Posts of the Grand Army of the Republic and 
Camps of the Sons of Veterans with arms and accoutrements not 
necessary for the equipment of the National Guard. 



DEPARTMENT OF DELAWARE. 

Delaware was first organized as a Provisional Department 
May 24, 1868, with Colonel A. H. Grimshaw, 4th Delaware Vol- 
unteers, Provisional Commander. 

During his term four Posts were chartered, but no detailed 
reports were made to National Headquarters, In 1869, Captain 
James Lewis, 1st Delaware Volunteers, succeeded Colonel Grim- 
shaw as Provisional Commander, and he in turn was succeeded 
by Brevet Brigadier-General Daniel Woodall, now deceased. The 
principal Post in the State, No. 1, at Wilmington, was maintained 
until about 1872. 

On January 14, 1880, General Thomas A. Smith Post No. 1, 
was organized at Wilmington, with forty-six charter-members. 
On July 5, 1880, a Provisional Department was formed, with the 
following officers : Provisional Commander, Robt. C. Fraim, Wil- 
mington ; Senior Vice-Commander, John AVainwright, Wilming- 
ton ; Junior Vice-Commander, J. S. Valentine, now deceased ; 
Assistant Adjutant-General, Wm. S. McNair, Wilmington ; Assis- 
tant Quartermaster-General, Wm. Y. Swiggett, Wilmington. 

The Permanent Department was formed at AVilmingtou, Janu- 
ary 14, 1881. Annual meetings have been held as follows : 

L January 14, 1881, Wilmington ; XL January 11, 1882, Wil- 
mington ; III. January 12, 1883, Wilmington ; IV. January 11, 



Department of Delaware. 485 

1884, Wyoming ; V. January 9, 1885, Dover ; VI. February 12, 
1886, Wilmington ; VII. February 11, 1887, Wilmington ; VIII. 
February 10, 1888, Dover. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

Provisional, Robt. C. Fraim, Post 1, Wilmington. 

1881, W. S. McNair, Post 1, Wilmington ; 1882, John Wain- 
wright, Post 2, Wilmington ; 1883, Daniel Ross, Post 1, Wilming- 
ton; 1884, Chas. M. Carey, Post 11, Wyoming; 1885, J. S. Litzen- 
berg, Post 2, Wilmington ; 1886, John M. Dunn, Post 1, Wilming- 
ton; 1887, J. E. Mowbray, Post 3, Dover; 1888, K G. Buckingham, 
Post 9, Pleasant Hill. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1881, *Joshua S. Valentine, Post 1, Wilmington ; 1882, John 
J. Gormley, Post 5, New Castle ; 1883, fR. G. Buckingham ; 1884, 
J. Le Roy Campbell, Post 7, Milford ; 1885, Geo. W. King, Post 
1, Wilmington; 1886, fR. G. Buckingham; 1887, Edward Mc- 
Donough, Post 5, New Castle ; 1888, John Wilkins, Post 7, Lin- 
coln. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1881, Wm. E. Smith, Post 3, Dover ; 1882, Raymond Trusty, 
Post 4, W^ilmington ; 1883, J. Harris Glatts, Post 2, Wilmington ; 
1884, J. E. Robertson, Post 5, New Castle ; 1885, W. P. Corsa, 
Post 7, Milford ; 1886, Wm. Jones, Post 6, Dover ; 1887, E. F. 
Wood, Post 11, Wyoming; 1888, W. T. Griffinburg, Post 15, 
Rising Sun. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1881, John P. Wales, Post 2, Wilmington ; 1882, Thos. A. 
Keables, Post 1, Wilmington ; 1883, Edwin Anderson, Post 3, 
Dover ; 1884, L. D. Calk, Post 11, Wyoming ; 1885, M. A. Booth, 
Post 8, Newport; 1886, T. A. Keables, Post 1, Wilmington; 
1887-88, AV. N. Hamilton, Post 14, Odessa. 

* Deceased. f To Department Commander. 



486 Grand AiiMi' of the Kepublic. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1881, W. H. Van Horn, Post 1, Wilmington ; 1882, A. N. Keg- 
win, Post 2, AAllmington ; 1883-84, John F. AVilliamson, Post 9, 
Pleasant Hill ; 1885, Absalom Carey, Post 11, Wyoming ; 1886, 
K. C. Jones, Post 2, Odessa ; 1887-88, Absalom Carey, Post 11, 
Wyoming. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1881, S. Kodmond Smith, Post 2, Wilmington ; 1882, Daniel 
Ross, Post 1, Wilmington ; 1883, E. H. Gregg, Post 2, Wilming- 
ton ; 1884, E. F. Wood, Post 11, Wyoming ; 1885, J. S. Wheeler, 
Post 1, Wilmington ; 1886, Geo. W. King, Post 1, AVilmington ; 
1887, H. J. Enright, Post 3, Dover ; 1888, ^Y. P. Voshell, Post 2, 
Wilmington. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1881, John J. Gormley, Post 5, New Castle ; 1882, J. S. J^itzen- 
berg. Post 2, Wilmington ; 1883, J. H. AYrightington, Post 1, Wil- 
mington ; 1884, H. J. Enright, Post 3, Dover ; 1885, J. S. Booth, 
Post 2, Wilmington ; 1886, Jas. M. Bryant, Post 13, Wilmington ; 
1887, Jas. H. Truitt, Post 7, Milford ; 1888, Henry M. Whiteman, 
Post 9, Pleasant Hill. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1881-82, S. A. MacAllister, Post 2, Wilmington ; 1883, Jas. R. 
Lofland, Post 7, Milford ; 1884, R. C. Fraim, Post 1, Wilmington ; 
1885, Geo. V. Massey, Post 3, Dover ; 1886, Geo. P. Fisher, Post 
3, Dover ; 1887, Jas. R. Lofland, Post 7, Milford ; 1888, Geo. V. 
Massey, Post 3, Dover. 

INSPECTORS. 

1881, Thos. D. G. Smith, Post 3,'Dover ; 1882, R. P. Martin, 
Post 5, New Castle ; 1883, Jas. A. Price, Post 5, New Castle ; 1884, 
W. P. Voshell, Post 2, Wilmington ; 1885, J. A. Price, Post 5, 
New Castle ; 1886, Matthew Macklin, Post 13, AVilmington ; 1887, 
Nathaniel Bayne, Post 2, Wilmington ; 1888, E. A. Finley, Post 2, 
Wilmington. 



Departmenp oj Delaware. 487 

chief mustering officers. 

1881-82, Pusey W. Jackson, Post 1, Wilmington ; 1883, C. M. 
Carey, Post 11, AVyoming ; 1884, J. Harris Glatts, Post 2, Wil- 
mington ; 1885, G. W. Worrall, Post 9, Pleasant Hill ; 1886, W. 
H. Dillinger, Post 12, New Castle ; 1887, B. T. Collins, Post 7, 
Milford ; 1888, J. E. E. Montgomery, Post 1, Wilmington. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1881 — Daniel Koss, Post 1, Wilmington ; A. P. Osmond, Post 
2, Wilmington ; John H. Klingler, Post 3, Dover ; Simeon Hood, 
Post 4, Wilmington ; Geo. M. Riley, Post 5, New Castle. 

1882 — A. P. Osmond, Geo. M. Riley, Simeon Hood, re-elected ; 
A. Wilhelm, Post 2, Wilmington ; R. G, Buckingham, Post 9, 
Pleasant Hill. 

1883— H. J. Enright, Post 3, Dover ; W. H. Purnell, Post 9, 
Pleasant Hill ; E. J. White, Post 1, W^ilmington ; R. H. Smith, 
Post 4, Wilmington ; Joseph Gordiner, Post 5, New Castle. 

1884r— Wm. J. Blackburn, Post 2, Wilmington ; Alonzo Wright, 
Post 12, New Castle ; Geo. M. Riley, Post 5, New Castle ; Jas. 
Holland, Post 2, Wilmington ; Philip H. Burton, Post 4, Wil- 
mington. 

1885— Wm. E. Hopkins, Post 7, Milford ; Geo. W. Bull, Post 
5, New Castle ; M. B. Bullock, Post 2, Wilmington ; Thos. An- 
drews, Post 4, Wilmington ; J. E. Vantine, Post 12, New Castle. 

1886— E. J. White, Post 1, Wilmington ; W. P. Voshell, Post 
2, Wilmington ; B. D. Bogie, Post 2, Wilmington ; W. A. Truitt, 
Post 7, Milford ; Alonzo Wright, Post 12, New Castle. 

1887 — Sylvester Solomon, Post 1, Wilmington ; A. B. Moore, 
Post 3, Dover ; E. A. Finley, Post 2, Wilmington ; J. H. Cham- 
bers, Post 9, Stanton ; J. Andersx)n, Post 15, Magnolia. 

1888 — Sylvester Solomon, re-elected ; Natl. Bayne, Post 2, Wil- 
mington ; Wm. Miles, Post 4, Wilmington ; S. S. Myers, Post 8, 
Newport ; J. R. Hess, Post H, Wyoming. 



488 Grand Army of the riLPUBLic. 

DEPAKTMENT OF MARYLAND. 

Brevet Major-General Andrew W. Denison, who had been Col- 
onel 8th Maryland Infantry and Commander of the Maryland 
Brigade, represented, with a number of other veterans, the Mary- 
land Boys in Bhie at the Pittsburgh Convention, September 24, 
1866, and he was appointed on the Executive Committee with 
instructions to consolidate if j^racticable, all the veteran organi- 
zations in one association. 

A charter was granted from National Headquarters for Post 
1, Baltimore, under date of November 14, 1866, and later General 
Denison was appointed Provisional Commander of the Depart- 
ment, with Chas. H. Richardson, of Baltimore, as Assistant Adju- 
tant-General. 

On January 8, 1868, a Permanent Department was formed, 
there then being 13 Posts chartered in the State, as follows : Post 
1, Baltimore ; 2, Frederick City ; 3, Hagerstown ; 4, Baltimore ; 
5, Baltimore ; 6, Annapolis ; 7, 8 and 9, Baltimore (colored Posts); 
10, Cumberland ; 11, Westminster ; 12, Towsontown ; 13, Ellicott 
City. 

Comrades A. W. Denison, W. O. Bigelow, E. Y. Goldsbor- 
ough, W. B. Parasene and F. W. Simon represented the Depart- 
ment at the session of the National Encampment in Philadelphia, 
January 15, 1868. 

The Department organization was maintained until 1872. 
Thereafter but one Post, No. 2, at Frederick, maintained its rela- 
tions with the Order, and that Post reported to National Head- 
quarters. 

The records of the first organization are incomplete. 

Meetings of the Department were held in Baltimore, as fol- 
lows : 

I. January 8, 1868 ; II. January 8, 1869 ; III. January 18, 
1870 ; lY. January 18, 1S71. 

DEPARTMENT " COMMANDERS. 

Provisional, 1867, *Andrew W. Denison ; 1868-69, A. ^\. Deni- 
son, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1870, E. Y. Goldsborough, Post 2, Fred- 
erick ; 1871, E. T. Daneker, Post 5, Baltimore ; 1872, Adam E. 
King, Baltimore. 

* Deceased. 



Department of Maryland. 489 



SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 



1869, *E. Y. Goldsborough ; 1870, *E. T. Daneker ; 1871, W. 
O. Bigelow Post 6, Annapolis. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1869, tE. T. Daneker ; 1870, Felix Agnus, Post 1, Baltimore ; 
1871, J. E. Fellman, Post 16, Baltimore. . 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1869, J. B. Chamberlain ; 1870-71, E. R. Baer. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1869, Geo. N. Scott ; 1871, H. S. Taggart. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1869-70, Chas. H. Richardson; 1871, Felix Agnus, Post 1, 
Baltimore ; resigned ; succeeded bj J. Leonard Hoffman, Post 1, 
Baltimore. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1870, N. H. Creager, Post 2, Frederick ; 1871, Theo. F. Harris. 

INSPECTORS. 

1870, H. F. Meyer, Post 4, Baltimore ; 1871, N. H. Creager, 
Post 2, Frederick. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1870, W. O. Bigelow, Post 6, Annapolis ; 1871, S. H. Daneker. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1869— H. F. Meyer, Post 4; Wm. Stahl, Post 4, Baltimore; A. 
Ward Handy, Post 7, Baltimore ; L. Henninghausen, J. Leonard 
Hoffman. 

1870— H. F. Meyer, Wm. Stahl, A. Ward Handy, re-elected ; 
A. W. Danison, Post 1, Baltimore ; Chas. W. Daneker, Post 5, 
Baltimore. 

* To Department Commander. t To Senior Vice-Ccmmander. 



iOO Grand Army of t:ie Eepublic. 

1871 — A. "\V. Deuison, Win. Stahl, re-elected ; Theo. F. Harris, 
Post 5, Baltimore, John E. King, Post 1, Baltimore ; John H. 
Dittman, Post 1, Baltimore. 

REORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT. 

Wilson Post No. 1, Baltimore, was reorganized by charter 
dated August 23, 1875.' On November £2, 1878, the Post opened 
with imposing public ceremonies, probably the largest Post Hall 
in the country which it still occupies. 

General E. B. Tyler, Post 1, Baltimore, was appointed Pro- 
visional Commander of the Department, February 15, 1876. The 
following apjjointments were made : Senior Yic^-Commander, H. 
L. Emmons, Jr., Post 1, Baltimore ; Junior Yice- Commander, Ed. 
M. Mobley, Post 4, Hagerstown ; Assistant Adjutant-General, 
Philip L. HitesheAv, Post 1, Baltimore ; Assistant Quartermaster- 
General, Theo. F. Lang, Post 1, Baltimore. Council of Adminis- 
tration : S. 11. Edwards, Post 1, Baltimore ; Peter J. Mayberry, 
Post 4, Hagerstown ; William Glessner, Post 2, Frederick ; J. 
Wesley Cephas, Post 7, Baltimore ; W. W. Walker, Post 4, Hag- 
erstown. 

The Permanent Department was organized in Baltimore, June 
9, 1876. Posts represented : Wilson Post No. 1, Baltimore ; Jno. 
F. Reynolds Post No. 2, Frederick ; Dushane Post No. 3, Balti- 
more ; Reno Post No. 4, Hagerstown ; Tyler Post No. 5, Cumber- 
land ; Lincoln Post No. 7, Baltimore. 

Provisional Commander Tyler was elected Department Com-, 
mander. 

MEETINGS OF THE DEPARTMENT. 

I. June 9, 1876, Baltimore ; XL 1877, Baltimore ; III. 1878, Bal- 
timore ; IV. 1879, Baltimore ; V. 1880, Baltimore ; YI. 1881, Bal- 
timore ; YIL January 18, 1882, Baltimore; YIII. January 24, 
1883, Baltimore ; IX. January 22, 1884, Baltimore ; X. January 
27, 1885, Baltimore ; XI. February 2, 1886, Baltimore ; XII. Feb- 
ruary 21, 1887, Frederick ; XIII. 1888, AYestminster. 

SEMI-ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

I. Hagerstown, 1877 ; II. Cumberland, 1878. 



Depaetment of Maeyland. 491 

department commanders. 

Provisional, E. B. Tyler, Post 1, Baltimore. Permanent De- 
partment—June 9, 1876-1878, E. B. Tyler, Post 1, Baltimore; 
1879, William E. Griffith, Post 5, Cumberland ; 1880-81, W. E. W. 
Boss, Post 1, Baltimore (see Senior Vice-Commander-in-Cliief, 
CliajDter XXI) ; 1882, Graham Dukehart, Posfl, Baltimore ; 1883, 
John H. Suter, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1884, Frank M. Smith, Post 3, 
Baltimore ; 1885, John W. Horn, Post 13, Westminster ; 1886, 
Geo. W. F. Vernon, Post 2, Frederick ; 1887, H. P. Underhill, Post 
1, Baltimore ; 1888, Theodore F. Lang, Post 1, Baltimore. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1876-77, H. L. Emmons, Jr., Post 1, Baltimore ; 1878, Thos. 
L. Matthews, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1879, Chas. A. Kotan, Post 3, 
Baltimore ; 1880, Thos. S. Norwood, Post 3, Baltimore ; 1881, W. 
W. W^alker, Post 4, Hagerstown ; 1882, W. A. McKellip, Post 13, 
Westminster ; 1883, Henry J. Johnson, Post 5, Cumberland ; 
1884-85, *G. W. F. Vernon ; 1886, Jethro T. McCullough, Post 18, 
Rising Sun ; 1887, H. S. Tagart, Post 3, Baltimore ; 1888, Geo. F. 
Wheeler, Post 6, Baltimore. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1876, W. W. Walker, Post 4, Hagerstown ; 1877, Ed. M. Mob- 
ley, Post 4, Hagerstown ; 1878, W. E. Griffith, Post 5, Cumber- 
land ; 1879, David R. Knull, Post 6, Baltimore; 1880, James 
Cress, Post 10, Elkton ; 1881, R. H. Cameron, Post 9, North East; 
1882, Thomas Hill, Post 21, Frostburg ; 1883, A. G. Alford, Post 
6, Baltimore ; 1884, J. N. Richardson, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1885, 
W. H. Foreman, Post 8, Woodbury ; 1886, Thos. Daly, Jr., Post 1, 
Baltimore ; 1887, D. E. Brockett, Post 5, Cumberland ; 1888, Geo. 
W. McCullough, Post 9, North East. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1876, E. R. Bear, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1877, C. E. G. McKee, 
Post 4, Hagerstown ; 1878, A. W. Dodge, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1879, 
Charles W. Cadden (died). Post 6, Baltimore ; succeeded by A. A. 
White, Post 3, Baltimore ; 1880, A. A. White, Post 3, Baltimore ; 



* To Department Commander. 



492 Grand Army of the Republic. 

1881-83, A. AY. Dodge, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1884, Theo. A. Worrall, 
Post 9, North East ; 1885, Geo. R. Graham, Post 3, Baltimore ; 
1886, A. A. White, Post 3, Baltimore ; 1887, Johu A. Schwartz, 
Post 22, Baltimore ; 1888, Robert J. Henry, Post 39, Glyndon. 

CHAPLAINS. ■ 

1876-79, Thos. L. Poulson, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1880, E. K. 
Miller, Post 9, North East ; 1881, S. K. Herr, Post 13, Westmin- 
ster ; 1882-85, Henry Edwards, Post 4, Hagerstown ; 1886-88, B. 
F. Clarkson, Post 3, Baltimore. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1876, p. T. Hiteshew, Post 1, Baltimore ; Harrison Adreon, 
Post 1, Baltimore ; Chas. W. Raphun ; 1877-78, Chas. W. Raj)hun, 
Post 1, Baltimore (see Inspector-General, Chapter XVIII) ; 1879, 
J. B. Winslow, Post 5, Cumberland, and Henry J. Johnson, Post 
5, Cumberland ; 1880-82, John H. Suter, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1883, 
Milo Y. Bailey, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1884-86, Thos. L. Matthews, 
Post 1, Baltimore ; 1887, W. E. W. Ross, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1888, 
H. A. Maughlin, Post 1, Baltimore. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1876-78, Theo. F. Lang, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1879, Thos. L. 
Matthews, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1880, George P. Mott, Post 1, Bal- 
timore ; 1881, AY. H. Searles, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1882, John W. 
Worth, Post 3, Baltimore ; 1883, Wm. H. Searles, Post 1, Balti- 
more ; 1884-86, John AY. AA^orth, Post 3, Baltimore ; 1887, John 
H. Suter, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1888, John AY. AYorth, Post 3, Bal- 
timore. 

INSPECTORS. 

1876-78, H. J. Johnson, Post 5, Cumberland ; 1879, John A. 
Steiner, Post 2, Frederick ; 1880-81, R. N. Bowerman, Post 3, 
Baltimore ; 1882, H. G. Hayden, Post 6, Baltimore ; 1883, Fred. 
T. Murray, Post 3, lialtimore ; 1884, Jno. J. Bradshaw, Post 2, 
Frederick ; resigned May 26 ; succeeded by Jno. AY. Kaufman, 
same Post ; 1885, Geo. F. AYheeler, Post 6, Baltimore ; 1886, AY. 
E. AY. Ross, Post 1, ]5altimore ; 1887, Thos. ])aly, Jr., Post 1, Bal- 
timore ; 1888, Geo. R. Graham, M. D., Post 3, Baltimore. 



Department of Maryland. 493 

judge-advocates. 

1876-77, Wm. A. McKellip, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1878, Isaac 
McCurley, Post 6, Baltimore ; 1879, Riley E. Wright, Post 6, Bal- 
timore ; 1880, J. I. Butler, Post 6, Baltimore ; 1881, H. L. Em- 
mons, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1882, H. Clay Harris, Post 3, Baltimore ; 
1883, John W. Saville, Post 3, Baltimore ; 1884, Jno. E. Wilson, 
Post 10, Elkton ; 1885, L. M. Haines, Post 10, Elkton ; 1886, Her- 
mon L. Emmons, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1887, Sylvester L. Stock- 
bridge, Post 6, Baltimore ; 1888, L. Marshall Haines, Post 10, 
Elkton. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1876-77, W. L. Morris, Post 2, Frederick ; 1878, C. A. Eotan, 
Post 3, Baltimore ; 1879, Horace Noble, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1880, 
Isaac G. Davis, Post 10, Elkton ; 1881, Chas. L. Marburg, Post 1, 
Baltimore ; 1882, Geo. W. Johnson, Post 1, Baltimore ; 1883, John 
A. Steiner, Post 2, Frederick ; 1884, Edward M. Mobley, Post 4, 
Hagerstown ; 1885, W. H. Boyle, Post 11, Baltimore ; 1886, David 
L. Stanton, Post 36, Baltimore ; 1887, John W. Steigerwald, Post 
8, Woodbury ; 1888, Edward Schilling, Post 5, Cumberland. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1876— J. B. Winslow, Post 5, Cumberland ; J. W. Kaufman, 
Post 2, Frederick ; S. K Edwards, Post 1, Baltimore ; W. H. Sei- 
densticker. Post 4, Hagerstown ; Thomas Kanely, Post 3, Balti- 
more. 

1877— J. B. Winslow, W. H. Seidensticker, re-elected ; Theo. 
W. Dew, Post 1, Baltimore ; G. W. Glessner, Post 2, Frederick ; 
Geo. Brown, Post 3, Baltimore. 

1878— B. F. Matthews, Post 1, Baltimore; J. M. Deems, Post 6, 
Baltimore ; Jno. W\ Kaufman, Post 2, Frederick ; F. M. Smith, 
Post 3, Baltimore ; H. AVhite, Post 5, Cumberland. 

1879— James M. Deems, Frank M. Smith, re-elected ; John 
Steigerwald, Post 8, Woodbury ; S. R. Edwards, Post 1, Balti- 
more ; Thos. H. Chester, Post 7, Baltimore. 

1880— L. M. Zimmerman, Post 2, Frederick ; F. F. Murray, 
Post 3, Baltimore ; Theodore Dew, Post 1, Baltimore ; Jno. T. 
Carr, Post 8, Woodbury ; W. H, Spriggs, Post 7, Baltimore. 



194 Grand Army of the Republic. 

1881— J. W. C. Ciuiay^ Post 1, Baltimore ; Jno. W. Saville, 
Post 3, Baltimore ; Leroy E. Baldwin, Post 6, Baltimore ; C. C. 
Speed, Post 6, Baltimore ; Wm. H. Slieppard, Post 7, Baltimore. 

1882— L. E. Baldwin, re-elected ; C. A. Moore, Post 3, Balti- 
more ; J. C. Hill, Post 1, Baltimore ; W. H. Foreman, Post 8, 
"Woodbury ; J. E. Grace, Post 7, Baltimore. 

1883 — L. E. Baldwin, re-elected ; E. H. Dunn, Post 8, Wood- 
bury ; Thos. Hill, Post 21, Frostburg ; Milo V. Bailey, Post 1, 
Baltimore ; James E. Cooper, Post 16, Baltimore. 

1884 — L, E. Baldwin, re-elected ; Geo. W. Jolinson, Post 1, 
Baltimore ; W. W. Walker, Post 4, Hagerstown ; Isaac Gillespie, 
Post 19, Baltimore ; Wm. H. Foreman, Post 8, Woodbury. 

1885— L. E. Baldwin, Geo. W. Jolinson, re-elected ; R. H. 
Cameron, Post 9, Elkton; Jas. T. Wesley, Post 7, Baltimore; Geo. 
W. W. Johnson, Post 3, Baltimore. 

1886— L. E. Baldwin, Jas. T. Wesley, re-elected ; W. W. 
Cooper, Post 8, Woodbury ; A. C. Evans and D. B, Ladd, Post 1, 
Baltimore. 

1887— W. B. Hudgins, Post 1, Baltimore ; John H. Fogle, Post 
3, Baltimore ; David L. Stanton, Post 36, Baltimore ; Joseph 
Young, Post 7, Baltimore ; John A. Fisher, Post 1, Baltimore. 

1888— Henry Mehrling, Post 2, Frederick ; W. H. Knight, Post 
3, Baltimore ; John Keller, Post 8, Woodbury ; I. D. Oliver, Post 
7, Baltimore ; Eobt. H. Cameron, Post 9, :Elkton. 



DEPARTMENT OF THE POTOMAC. 

(District of Columbia.) 

The " Soldiers and Sailors' Union " was organized in Wash- 
ington in June, 1865, for the purpose, mainly, as stated in the call 
for its first meeting, "for mutual aid and protection in securing 
action in the settlement of accounts wuth the departments, and to 
aid veterans in securing employment." 

L. Edwin Dudley, of Massachusetts, was the first president. 



Department op the Potomac. 495 

and was succeeded January 1, 1866, by Major H. A. Hall, formerly 
of 6th New York Cavalry. 

The Union met weekly in Washington for about two years and 
at one time had ever a thousand members. 

It extended its work over quite a number of States, and the 
organization was maintained until it was practically absorbed in 
the Grand Army of the Republic. 

Though not organized for political purposes, a large propor- 
tion of its members were employed in the different departments 
in Washington, and were naturally interested in political matters. 

As an organization they strongly opposed the course of Presi- 
dent Johnson, and issued the call for the meeting of Soldiers and 
Sailors at Pittsburgh, referred to on page 26. 

L. Edwin Dudley, Major H. A. Hall and others, representing 
the Union, were there initiated into the Grand Army of the Re- 
public, and Mr. Dudley was ajDpointed Aid-de-Camj) to the Com- 
mander-in-Chief. He also served as Provisional Commander for 
Washington until relieved, August 6, 1867, by General N. P. Chip- 
man, who resigned when chosen Adjutant-General, Grand Army 
of the Republic (see Chapter VII), and was succeeded by James 
T. Smith. 

Post No. 1, of Washington, was organized October 12, 1866, 
with the following charter-members : W. L. Bramhall, Wilson 
Miller, AVill A. Short, L. Edwin Dudley, H. A. Hall, J. T. Smith, 
W. C. Porter, D. E. Curtis, J. B. Royce and J. E. Dougherty. 

District organizations were established at Washington and at 
Richmond, Virginia, the latter under the title, " District of Fair 
Oaks," Geo. T. Egbert, Commander. Colonel W. L. Bramhall was 
appointed Commander, " District of Washington," and on Septem- 
ber 7, 1867, was ap.pointed by General Chipman as Assistant 
Adjutant-General of the Provisional Department. In that capac- 
ity he gave special attention to organizing Posts in the Southern 
States, and also in a number of other States, in answer to applica- 
tions sent to Washington. 

It became necessary to issue supplies and orders for this pur- 
pose direct from AVashington, without reference to National 
Headquarters, and Rituals, Rules and Regulations and blanks 
<vere obtained by him principally by requisition upon the De- 
partment of New York, of which Colonel Fred. T. Bramhall was 
Assistant Adjutant-General. 



496 Grand Army of the Republic. 

The permanent Department was formed February 13, 18G9, 
ten Posts having been then chartered. 

ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

Annual Meetings have been held in Washington as follows : 

I. February 13, 1869 ; II. January 15, 1870 ; III. January 
21, 1871 ; IV. January 20, 1872 ; V. January 25, 1873 ; VI. Jan- 
uary 30, 1874 ; VII. January 29, 1875 ; VIII. January 27, 1876 ; 
IX. January 27, 1877; X. January 31, 1878; XI. January 31, 
1879; XII. January 30, 1880; XIII. January 31, 1881; XIV. 
January 30, 1882 ; XV. January 30, 1883 ; XVI. January 30, 1884 ; 
XVII. January 15, 1885 ; XVIII. January 21, 1886 ; XIX. Jan- 
uary 20, 1887 ; XX. January 19, 1888. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1866, Provisional, L. Edwin Dudley, Post 2 ; 1867-68, N. P. 
Chipman, Post 1 (see Adjutant-General, Chapter VII) ;' February 
11, 1868, James T. Smith, Post 1. Permanent Department — 1869, 
Samuel A. Duncan, Pofet 1; 1870-72, *Timothy Lubey, Post 3 
(see Quartermaster-General, Chapter VIII) ; 1873-74, Frank H. 
Sprague, Post 6 ; 1875, James T. Smith, Post 1 ; 1876, Benj. F. 
Hawkes, Post 2 (see Portrait, Department of Ohio) ; 1877, A. H. 
G. Richardson, Post 1 ; 1878, George E. Corson, Post 6 ; 1879, 
Harrison Dingman, Post 2 (see Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, 
Chapter XVIII) ; 1880, Charles C. Royce, Post 3 ; 1881, William 
Gibson, Post 2 ; 1882-83, S. S. Burdett, Post 2 (see Commander- 
in-Chief, Chapter XXIV) ; 1884, D. S. Alexander, Post 8 ; 1885, N. 
M. Brooks, Post 3; 1886-87, Jerome B. Burke, Post 5; 1888, 
Charles P. Lincoln, Post 2. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868, R. Middleton, Post 2 ; 1869, G. AViley Wells, Post 2 ; 1870, 
Newton Ferree, Post 1 ; 1871, fJames T. Smith ; 1872, fFrauk H. 
Sprague; 1873, G. J. Webb, Post 3; 1874, fB. F. Hawkes; 
1875, tG. E. Corson ; 1876, fA. H. G. Richardson ; 1877, tG. E. 
Corson ; 1878, fH. Dingman ; 1879, fC. C. Royce ; 1880, W. H. 



* Deceased. t To Department Commander. 



Department of the Poto:.iac. 497 

Webster, Post 1 ; 1881, Paul Brodie, Post 3 ; 1882, A. F. Medford, 
Post 5 ; 1883, Fred. Mack, Post 3 ; 1884, *N. M. Brooks ; 1885, 
*J. B. Burke ; 1886, W. S. Odsll, Post 8 ; 1887-88, M. E. Urell, 
Post 1. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1869, G. W. Hatton, Post 4 ; 1870, A. Duddenhausen, Post 5 ; 
1871, Ray P. Eaton, Post 6 ; 1872, J. K. Mills, Post 12 ; 1873, C. 
A. Fleetwood, Post 4 ; 1874, fA. H. G. Richardson ; 1875, fB. F. 
Hawkes; 1876, W. H. Kulins, Post 6 ; 1877, fH. Dingman ; 1878, 
L. A. F. Havard, Post 6 ; 1879, G. J. P. Wood, Post 1; 1880, E. M. 
Truell, Post 2; 1881, tA. F. Medford; 1882, tFred. Mack; 1883, 
Wesley Howard, Post 4 ; 1884, S. A. H, McKim, Post 1 ; 1885, 
J. W. Wisner, Post 2 ; 1886, H. H. Smith, Post 3 ; 1887, J. H. 
Jochum, Post 7 ; 1888, J. M. Pipes, Post 3. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1869, J. Edwin Mason, Post 1 ; 1870, A. J. Huntoon, Post 1 ; 
1871-72, J. H. Demeritt, Post 4 ; 1873-73, L. J. Draper, Post 6 ; 
1877-78, W. T. Van Doren, Post 1; 1879-81, J. Edwin Mason, Post 
1 ; 1882-87, Florence Donohue, Post 3 (see Surgeon-General, 
Chapter XXVI); 1888, H. N. Howard, Post 10. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1869-73, Benj. Swallow, Post 3 ; 1874, F. W. Bogen, Post 7 ; 
1875-78, George Taylor, Post 2 ; 1879-87, Benj. Swallow, Post 3 ; 
1888, L. H. York, Post 5. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1867-68, W. L. Bramhall, for Provisional Department ; 186-- 
69, Timothy Lubey, Post 3 ; resigned April 20, 1869 ; succeeded 
by M. C. Batty, Post 9, who was later succeeded by L. A. Brande- 
bury. Post 1, and he, on November 26, by E. C. Kirkwood ; 1870, 
H. C. Johannes, Post 4 ; resigned June 5 ; succeeded by C. C. 
Royce, Post 3 ; 1871, C. C. Royce ; resigned April 22 ; succeeded 
by John Tweedale, who was, on October 27, succeeded by John 

* To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice Commander. 

33 



498 Grand Army of the Republic. 

M. Keogh, Post 1; 1872, John M. Keogh ; resigned November 20 ; 
succeeded by J. F. Linden, Post 2 ; 1873-74, G. E. Corson, Post 6 ; 
1875, *A. H. G. Richardson, Post 1; resigned ; succeeded. May 7th, 
by W. B. Brown, Post 2 ; resigned June 10 ; succeeded by W. H. 
Kuhns, Post 6 ; 187G, *G. E. Corson, Post 6 ; 1877, C. W. Taylor, 
Post 1 ; 1878, Ernst Schmidt, Post 6 ; 1879, Fred. Thomson, Post 
3 ; 1880, Paul Brodie, Post 3 ; 1881-83, John Cameron, Post 2 (see 
Adjutant-General, Chapter XXIY) ; 1884, Chas. H. Ingram, Post 
8 ; 1885, John Cameron, Post 2 ; resigned June 10 ; succeeded by 
J. C. S. Burger, Post 2 ; 1886-87, S. E. Faunce, Post 6 ; 1888, John 
Cameron, Post 2. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1869, James Campbell, Post 1 ; succeeded, on April 20, by E. 
F. M. Faehtz, Post 9 ; 1870-71, E. F. M. Faehtz, Post 9 ; 1872-37, 
A. J. Gunning, Post 2 ; 1888, K B. Prentice, Post 5. 

INSPECTORS. 

1869, Newton Ferree, Post 1; 1870, E. F. O'Brien, Post 1; 1871, 
John M. Keogh, Post 1 ; resigned October 27 ; succeeded by 
Thos. H. Marston ; 1872, J. H. Sylvester, Post 5 ; resigned No- 
vember 20 ; succeeded on January 26, 1873, by G. E. Corson, Post 
6 ; 1873, J. F. Linden, Post 2 ; succeeded by Wm. Gibson, Post 2, 
January 24, 1874 ; 1874, Wm. Gibson, Post 2 ; 1875, W. B. Brown, 
Post 2 ; succeeded by G. E. Davis, Post 2, December 31 ; 1876, 
C. C. Royce, Post 2 ; 1877, John Lynde, Post 2 ; resigned Novem- 
ber 22 ; succeeded by G. J. P. Wood, Post 1, November 23 ; 
1878, James Cross, Post 1; 1879, Newton Ferree, Post 1; 1880, AV. 
S. Chase, Post 2 ; 1881, Abram Hart, Post 2 ; 1882, Ed. Morgan, 
Post 5 ; resigned ; succeeded January 13, 1883, by H. Brooke, 
Post 3 ; 1883, S. A. H. McKim, Post 1 ; 1884, Chas. Matthews, 
Post 5 ; 1885, G. H. French, Post 1 ; 1886, J. C. S. Burger, Post 
2 ] 1887, D. B. Gallatin, Post 10; 1888, John S. Stodder, Post 7. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1870-71, W. A. Brown, Post 1 ; 1872, C. C. Royce, Post 3 ; 
1873-74, J. T. Smith, Post 1 ; 1875, F. H. Sprague, Post 6 ; 1876, 

• To Department Commander. 



Department of the Potomac. 499 

II. H. Voss, Post 1 ; 1877, L. A. F. Havard, Post 6 ; 1878, S. G. 
Merrill, Post 6 ; 1879, E. M. Truell, Post 2 ; 1880, J. T. Smith, 
Post 1 ; 1881, W. H. Webster, Post 1 ; 1882, Jas. T. Smith, Post 1; 
1883, S. C. Mills, Post 3 ; 1884, Fred. Mack, Post 1 ; 1885, C. P. 
Crandall, Post 8 ; 1886, J. H. Jochiim, Post 7 ; 1887, Ellis Spear, 
Post 8 ; 1888, G. B. Eaum, Post 8. 



CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1873, S. M. Gordon, Post 2 ; 1874-75, G. J. P. Wood, Post 1 ; 
1876, J. A. Campbell, Post 1 ; 1877, C. C. Adams, Post 2 ; 1878, E. 
J. Dowling, Post 3 ; 1880, S. G. Merrill, Post 6 ; 1881, J. E. Par- 
ker, Post 3 ; 1882, Daniel Eamey, Post 5 ; 1883, A. W. Prather, 
Post 5 ; succeeded, October 30, 1883, by L. J. Melchoir, of Post 
7 ; 1884, Dennis O'Connor, Post 1 ; 1885, *W. H. Winsor, Post 6 ; 
died, and L. B. Parker, Post 6, appointed ; 1886-87, J. P. Church, 
Post 6 ; 1888, A. S. Taber, Post 1. 1879, A. W. Taylor, Post 6. 



COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1869— Timothy Lubey, Post 3 ; W. H. Slater, Post 1 ; H. A. 
Myers, Post 6 ; J. H. Vaughan, Post 4 ; A. Duddenhausen, Post 5. 

1870— W. H. Slater, re-elected ; W. H. Webster, Post 5 ; W. O. 
Drew, Post 11 ; K. P. Eaton, Post 6 ; H. Dingman, Post 2. 

1871— H. Dingman, W. O. Drew, re-elected ; A. G. Bliss, Post 
5 ; Chas. E. Joyce, Post 3 ; C. A. Fleetwood, Post 14. 

1872— C. A. Fleetwood, re-elected ; Francis Wood, Post 8 ; E. 
C. Ford, Post 7 ; J. T. Smith, Post 1 ; K. W. Brelsford, Post 9. 

1873 — Francis Wood, Post 8, resigned ; B. F. Hawkes, Post 2 ; 
L. Twitchell, Post 7 ; James Campbell, Post 1 ; J. W. Tayler, 
Post 6, resigned ; G. W. George, Post 6, vice Wood ; C. T. Wid- 
straud. Post 7, vice A. H. M. Taylor ; A. H. M. Taylor, Post 6, 
vice J. W. Tayler. 

1874— C. T. Widstraud, Post 7 ; James Campbell, Post 1 ; G. 
J. Webb, Post 7 ; G. W. George, Post 6 ; J. M. Cline. 

* Deceased. 



500 Grand Army of the Eepurlic. 

1875 — James Campbell, re-elected ; W. H. Kuhns, Post 6 ; H. 
W. Jackson, Post 2 ; A. H. G. Richardson, Post 1 ; Wm. Gibson, 
Post 2. 

1876— H. H. Bower, Post 1 ; J. W. Wisuer, Post 2 ; P. E. 
Browner, Post 6 ; J. W. Corey, Post 1 ; Geo. J. Webb, Post 2. 

1877 — G. J. Webb, J. W. Wisner, re-elected ; Jas. Cross, Post 
1 ; ^\. H. Knlins, Post 6 ; C. C. Royce, Post 2 ; Timothy Lubey, 
Post 3. 

1878— C. C. Royce, W. H. Kuhns, re-elected; T. L. Lamb, 
Post 1 ; H. J. Gifford, Post 1 ; C. C. Adams, Post 2. 

1879— J. W. Wisner, Post 2 ; F. D. Stephenson, Post 3 ; John 

0. Riley, Post 6 ; Stanton Weaver, Post 1 ; A. W. Whitcomb, 
Post 6. 

1880— J. M. Edgar, Post 2, resigned June 28, 1881 ; C. L. 
Hulse, Post 1 ; Wesley Howard, Post -1 ; T. G. Allen, Post 5, 
resigned January 28, 1881 ; * Jas. Cunningham, Post '6 ; M. A. 
Dillon, Post 5, elected January 28, 1881, vice Allen ; A. C. Pitney, 
Post 2, elected January 28, 1881, vice Edgar ; G. W. Wooley, Post 
6, elected January 28, 1881, vice Cunningham. 

1881— M. A. Dillon, re-elected ; R. R. Bronner, Post 6 ; John 
Reeves, Post 4 ; D. O'Connor, Post 1 ; W. P. Saville, Post 3. 

1882— W. P. Saville, re-elected ; Peter Wynne, Post 6 ; Levi 
Nagle, Post 5 ; A. H. G. Richardson, Post 4 ; P. D. Haynes, Post 

1, died August 3, 1882. 

1883— W. P. Saville, Levi Nagle, re-elected ; H. E. Weaver, 
Post 1 ; P. H. Weber, Post 7 ; D. A. Grosvenor, Post 8. 

1884 — Levi Nagle, re-elected ; N. B. Fithian, Post 1 ; F. C. 
Revells, Post 9 ; J. W. Palmer, Post 2 ; D. W. Atwood. 

188,5— D. W. Atwood, N. B. Fithian, re-elected ; J. H. Baxter, 
Post 10 ; W. W. Granger, Post 6 ; W. B. Pomeroy, Post 5. 

188r>— N. B. Fithian, re-elected ; J. W. Butcher, Post 4 ; L. K. 
Brown, Post 8 ; Chas. Matthews, Post 5 ; Butler Fitch, Post 6. 

1887— F. C. Revells, Post 9 ; G. H. French, Post 1 ; Chas. 
King, Post 3 ; F. A. Beuter, Post 1 ; N. B. Prentice, Post 5. 

1888— F. C. Revells, F. A. Beuter, Chas. King, re-elected ; Ed. 
AVebster, Post 6 ; L. K. Brown, Post 8. 

* Deceased. 



CHAPTER XXIX. 

CENTRAL STATES 

INCLUDING 

OHIO, INDIANA, ILLINOIS, MICHIGAN, WISCONSIN, MISSOURI, IOWA, 
MINNESOTA, KANSAS, NEBRASKA, AND DAKOTA. 



DEPARTMENT OF OHIO. 

General B. F. Potts, of Carrollton, Ohio, was appointed Pro- 
visional Commander of this Department in 1866. The exact date 
is unknown. General Potts 
had entered the service Sep- 
tember 4, 1861, as Captain 
Company F, 32d Ohio Vol- 
unteers, was promoted to 
Lieutenant-Colonel, Novem- 
ber 21, 1862 ; Colonel, De- 
cember 25, 1862, and Brig- 
adier-General, January 16, 
1865. Was brevetted Ma- 
jor General, March 13, 1865, 
and mustered-out of serv- 
ice January 15, 1866. 

In 1870 he was appoint- 
ed Governor of Montana, 
and so served for twelve Captain H. E. Howe. 

years. He died at Helena, Montana, June 17, 1887. 

The date of the formation of the first Posts in Ohio cannot 
now be definitely determined. In the roster of Posts as re-num- 
bered, published in December, 1867, No. 1 was assigned to the 
Post at Carrollton, and No. 2 at Zanesville. 

Captain Henry E. Howe, now of Toledo, was by special orders 
from Headquarters, Department of Illinois, dated May 9, 1866, 

foCl I 




502 



Grand Army of the Republic. 




Colonel B. F. Hawkes. 



detailed to muster Posts in 
the Tenth Congressional 
District of Ohio, and on the 
same date was detailed to 
muster a Post in Detroit, 
Michigan. 

Captain Howe was at 
that time serving as Judge- 
Advocate on the staff of Gen- 
eral John Cook, at Spring- 
field, Illinois, and with Lieu- 
tenant, afterwards Colonel, 
B. F. Hawkes, of the same 
staff, took an active interest 
in the work of Dr. Steph- 
enson, in the formation of 
the Grand Army. On their muster-out, in September, 1866, 
both these comrades returned to Ohio, and were detailed 
specially as Aids by General B. F. Potts to ■ muster Posts in 
that State. Both had appointments on the staff of the Com- 
mander-in-Chief, and they at once began a tour of the State and 
orgaui^ed several Posts each week, so that when the Convention 
to form a permanent Department assembled at Columbus, Janu- 
ary 30, 1867, General Potts was enabled to report that 135 Posts 
had Ijeen chartered, and he stated that a larger number would 
have been organized but for the failure of National Headquarters 
to furnish them the new Rules and Rituals. 

This Encampment was largely attended, and among the reso- 
lutions adopted by it was the following : 

Resolved, That the Grand Army of the Republic is not organized to make nomi- 
nations for office nor as a mere secret combination to furtlicr the ambition of political 
aspirants, but its purpose is to promote loyalty and to advance by all legitimate and 
proper influences the general welfare and interests of the soldiers lately in the United 
States Army, and to secure the attainment of these ends we invite the co-operation 
and support of all patriotic and liberal minded citizens. 



General Thos. L. Young, of Cincinnati, was elected Department 
Commander. General Young was born December 14, 1832, near 
Belfast, Jreland. He came to America with his parents, and when 
not quite sixteen years of age, in the last year of the war with 



Department of Ohio. 503 

Mexico, enlisted in the Regular Army, and there served ten years, 
five years as Orderly Sergeant 3d United States Artillery. 

In 1859 he went to Cincinnati, and at the breaking out of the 
rebellion was Assistant Superintendent of the House of Refuge. 
On March 18, 1861, twenty-five days before the rebels fired on 
Sumter, he wrote Lieutenant-General Scott offering his services 
to aid in organizing the volunteer forces. In August, 1861, he was 
appointed Captain of the Fremont Body-Guard, and so served 
until January 1, 1862. In August, 1862, he was commissioned 
Captain 118th Ohio Volunteers, and afterwards Major. He was 
promoted to be Lieutenant-Colonel, February, 1863, and Colonel, 
April, 1864. Was discharged for disability, September 14, 1864. 
Brevetted Brigadier-General to date March 13, 1865. He took a 
very active interest in political affairs and held a number of im- 
portant offices ; was Governor of the State, 1877-78. He died 
July 20, 1888. 

Under General Young's administration, 108 Posts were char- 
tered, and when Districts were abolished all the Posts of the De- 
partment were re-numbered. 

The second meeting of the Department was held in Cincinnati, 
January 8, 1868, and in resolutions declared, speaking for the 
Grand Army, " that while we deem it best and wisest to avoid all 
political action as a body which the actual necessities of our 
country may not require from us, leaving our members free to 
act upon their consciences and in view of their responsibility to 
God and their country, yet we hold it to be the duty of every man, 
in or out of our Order, who enjoys that high attribute of freedom 
— the elective franchise, to so exercise it that he may do no wrong 
to the Republic." 

By the close of 1868, the number of Posts had been increased 
to 303, but the causes operating so strongly in other western De- 
partments most seriously affected Ohio, as shown by the subse- 
quent rapid decline in membership. In 1870 but 917 members were 
reported ; in 1873, nineteen Posts and 800 members, and in 1875 
there were but eight Posts, with 368 members. Of the Posts 
organized in 1866, but two remained — Forsyth Post No. 15, To- 
ledo, and Trescott Post No. 10, Salem. Of the 106 Posts organ- 
ized in 1867, Buckley Post No. 12, Akron, alone survived, and of 
those organized in 1868, only two, Veteran Post No. 5, National 
Military Home, and Bowers Post No. 28, Geneva, answered roll 
call. 



504 



Gkand Army of the Eepublic. 




Notwithstanding these 
discouraging circum- 
stance.s, the Department 
organization was maintain- 
ed throughout and all re- 
ports were made to Na- 
tional Headquarters. 

The falling off in mem- 
bership beginning in 1868, 
did not deter the few de- 
termined comrades remain- 
ing from taking upon 
themselves the work of se- 
curing funds for establish- 
ing, and for a time main- 
Captain T. D. McaiLLicTJDDY. taiulug the Soldiers' Or- 

phans Home hereafter referred to. 

The records of the Department for the early years are very 
imperfect, and nearly all the data for those years, for this work, 
were collected by Comrade T. D. McGillicuddy, of Akron, who was 
one of the few who remained in and worked for the organization 
in that tr^^iug period. 

Meetings of the Department have been held as follows : 

ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

I. January 30, 1867, Columbus ; 11. January 8, 1868, Cincin- 
nati ; III. January 18, 1869, Dayton ; IV. January 19, 1870, Co- 
lumbus ; V. January 25, 1871, Massillon ; VI. January 24, 1872, 
Akron ; VII. January 22, 1873, Dayton ; VIII. January 22, 1874, 
Alliance ; IX. January 21, 1875, Akron ; X. January 26, 1876, 
Xenia ; XI. January 18, 1877, Salem ; XII. January 23, 1878, 
Geneva ; XIII. January 22, 1879, Xenia ; XIV. January 20, 1880, 
Cleveland ; XV. January 26, 1881, Columbus ; XVI. January 18, 
1882, Cincinnati ; XVII. January 17, 1883, Youngstown ; XVIII. 
January 30, 1884, Zanesville ; XIX. January 28, 1885, Akron ; 
XX. April 28, 1886, Cleveland ; XXI. A])ril 27, 1887, S])ringfield ; 
XXII. April 2:), 1888, Toledo. 

SEMI-ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

July 9, 1869, Sandusky ; July 19, 1870, Cleveland ; July 19, 
1871, Xenia ; July 24, 1872, Toledo ; July 24, 1873, Put-in-Bay ; 



Department of Ohio. 505 

July 23, 1874, Dayton ; August 30, 1876, Toledo ; September 8, 
1886, Portsmouth ; September 7 aud 9, 1887, Piqua. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1866, Provisional, *B. F. Potts, Carrollton ; 1867, ^Thomas L. 
Young, Cincinnati ; died July 20, 1888 ; 1868-70, J. Warren Kei- 
fer, Springfield (Junior Yice-Commauder-in-Chief, Chapter XI) ; 
1871-72, *William C. Bunts, Post 23, Cleveland ; died January 16, 
1874 ; 1873-74, G. M. Barber, Post 23, Cleveland ; 1875, Alvin C. 
Voris, Post 12, Akron ; 1876-77, *Wm. Earnshaw, Post 5, National 
Military Home ; died July 17, 1885 (see Commander-in-Chief, 
Chapter XVIIIj ; 1878, Nathan L. Guthrie, Post 9, Conneaut ; re- 
signed December 13, on account of removal from the State ; suc- 
ceeded by Jas, H. Seymour, Post 68, Hudson, Senior Vice-Com- 
mander; 1879, ^Jas. B. Steedman, Post 15, Toledo ; died October 
18, 1883 ; 1880, D. W. Thomas, Post 12, Akron ; 1881, John S. 
Kountz, Post 15, Toledo (see Commander-in-Chief, Chapter 
XXIII) ; 1882-83, Chas. T. Clark, Post 1, Columbus; 1884, Har- 
lan P. Lloyd, Post 13, Cincinnati ; 1885, R. B. Brown, Post -81, 
Zanesville ; 1886, Arthur L. Conger, Post 12, Akron ; 1887, *Daniel 
C. Putnam, Post 45, Springfield ; died June 18, 1888, after a few 
days illness, the results of a fall received on Memorial Day; 1888, 
J. W. O'Neall, Post 213, Lebanon. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, *Henry B. Banning, Mount Vernon ; 1868, Gustav Tafel, 
Cincinnati ; 1869, Robert M. Moore, Cincinnati ; 1870, t*W. C. 
Bunts ; 1871, J. B. Thomas, Post 5, National Military Home ; 
1872, J. W. Smith, Post 15, Toledo ; 1873, E. M. Colver ; 1874-77, 
J. S. Clemmer, Post 10, Salem ; 1878, fJ. H. Seymour ; 1879, C. 
F. Lease, Post 10, Salem ; 1880, W. T. Buell, Post 8, Kingsville ; 
1881, S. N. Maxwell, Post 13, Cincinnati ; 1882, J. O. McGowan, 
Post 29, Youngstown ; 1883, Nathan Munshower, Post 165, Iron- 
ton ; 1884, tR. B. Brown ; 1885, D. P. Bosworth, Post 178, Mari- 
etta ; 1886, Chas. H. Wentzel, Post 76, Cincinnati ; 1887, C. H. 
Jones, Post 433, Waynesburg ; 1888, John AY. Chapiu, Post 451, 
Columbus. 

* Deceased. f To Department Commauder. 



)0G Grand Army of the Republic. 



JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 



1867, James Barnett, Cleveland ; 1868, O. S. McClung, Del- 
aware ; 1870, Samuel Eaton, Cincinnati ; 1871-72, *J. S. Clemmer ; 
1873, tN. S. Guuckle, Dayton ; died May 2, 1873, at Dayton ; 
1874-75, tD. W. Thomas; 1876, T. D. McGillicuddy, Post 12, 
Akron; 1877, J. B. Petty, Post 28, Geneva; 1878, D. R Gid- 
dinger, Post 5, National Military Home ; 1879, D. G. Palmer, 
Post 28, Geneva ; 1880, Samuel McCulloch, Post 11, Austinburg ; 
1881, E. F. Mason, Post 7, Jefferson ; 1882, F. M. Young, Post 
20, Weston ; 1883, T. E. Hoyt, Post 4, Ashtabula ; 1884, F. C. 
Cully, Post 22, Defiance ; 1885, M. J. Sloan, Post 36, Warren ; 
1886, B. N. Lindsey, Post 166, Steubenville ; 1887, J. W. Byron, 
Post 5, National Military Home; 1888, E. A. Finn, Post 134, 
Massillon. 



MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1869, Dr. Kirkpatrick, Hamilton; 1871-73, fG. M. Boyd, 
Xenia ; died February 1, 1873, at San Diego, California ; 1874—75, 
James Armstrong, Post 62, Alliance; 1876-77, J. M, AVeaver, Post 
5, National Military Home ; 1878, S. S. Burrows, Post 28, Geneva ; 
1879, J. T. Woods, Post 15, Toledo ; 1880, D. G. Palmer, Post 28, 
Geneva ; 1881, W. M. Cake, Post 27, Fostoria ; 1882-83, J. D. 
Timmerman, Post 78, Leipsic ; 1884, A. C. Matthias, Post 75, Gil- 
boa ; 1885, T. M. McClaran, Post 219, Wellington ; 1886, P. J. 
Kline, Post 164, Portsmouth ; 1887, G. W. Harmon, Post 77, Lan- 
caster ; 1888, F. A. Kitchen, Post 15, Toledo. 



CHAPLAINS. 

1869-75, tWm. Earnshaw ; 1876, Geo. W. Collier, Post 15, 
Toledo (see Chaplain-in-Chief, Chapter IX) ; 1877, JN. L. Guth- 
rie ; 1878, Thomas Powell, Post 28, Geneva ; 1879-80, M. D. Town- 
send, Post 9, Conueaut ; 1881, W. H. Gibson, Post 31, Tiffin ; 
1882-83, A. G. Byers, Post 1, Columbus ; 1884, T. C. Warner, Post 
65, Elyria (see Chaplaiu-in-Chief, Chapter XXY) ; 1885, J. L. 
Wyly, Post 157, (ireenville ; 1886-87, Then. W. Brake, Post 108, 
Fayette ; 1888, T. J. Slieppard, Post 128, Bucyrus. 



* To Senior Vice-Commander. f Deceased. X To Department Commander. 



Depabtment of Ohio. 507 

assistant adjutants-general. 

1866, *7\\ J. Eckley, Carrollton ; 1867, B. F. Hawkes, North 
Fairfield ; removed from the State iu April and was succeeded by 
Chas. W. Karr, Cincinnati ; 1868-70, *W. J. Winters, Springfield ; 
1871-72, E. M. Hessler, Post 23, Cleveland ; 1873-74, J. C. Roland, 
Post 23, Cleveland ; 1875, U. L. Marvin, Post 12, Akron ; 1876, 
*G. A. Blocher, Post 5, National Home ; resigned ; succeeded by 
John D. Gibson, same Post ; 1877, Isaac B. Stevens, Post 5, Na- 
tional Military Home (Adjutant-General, Grand Army of the Re- 
public, Chapter XYIII); 1878, M. D. Townsend, Post 9, Cou- 
neaut ; 1879, H. S. Bunker, Post 15, Toledo ; 1880, T. D. McGil- 
licuddy, Post 12, Akron ; 1881, Geo. S. Canfield, Post 15, Toledo ; 
1882-83, David Lanning, Post 1, Columbus ; 1884, C. N. Avery, 
Post 13, Cincinnati ; 1885, H. A. Axline, Post 81, Zanesville ; re- 
signed January 1, 1886, to assume duties of Adjutant-General of 
State of Ohio ; H. L. Anderson, Chief Mustering Ofiicer, was ap- 
pointed Assistant Adjutant-General for the remainder of the 
term ; 1886, E. F. Taggart, Post 12, Akron ; 1887, Jas. E. Stew- 
art, Post 45, Springfield ; 1888, Josiah Holbrook, Post 213, Le- 
banon. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1866, J. R. McLaughlin, Carrollton ; 1867, W. C. Hickman, 
New Lexington ; 1868, John S. Kountz, Post 15, Toledo ; 1869, 
A. C. 'Deuel, Urbana ; 1870-71, J. H. Robinson, Springfield ; 
1872-74, Theo. Yoges, Cleveland ; 1875, T. D. McGillicuddy, Post 
12, Akron ; 1876-77, D. F. Giddinger, Post 5, National Military 
Home ; 1878, A. Durkee, Post 9, Conneaut ; 1879, Geo. Sheets, 
Post 14, East .Toledo ; 1880, C. F. Lamb, Post 12, Akron ; 1881, 
W. E. Carpenter, Post 22, Defiance ; 1882, W. J. Elliott, Post 1, 
Columbus ; resigned February 22, 1882 ; succeeded by Joseph 
Amos, of same Post ; 1884, Robert Cullen, Post 200, Cincinnati ; 
1885, F. C. Dietz, Post 81, Zanesville ; 1886, A. P. Baldwin, Post 
12, Akron ; 1887, L-a W. Wallace, Post 45, Springfield ; 1888, 
Thos. H. Black, Post 213, Lebanon. 

INSPECTORS. 

1868, Geo. W. Collier ; 1871-72, *W. J. Winters, Springfield ; 
1873-74, B. F. Miller, Post 15, Toledo; 1875-76, *Geo. A. Blocher, 

* Deceased. 



508 Grand Army of the Kepubltc. 

Post 5, National Military Home ; 1877, John D. Gibson, Post 5, 
National Military Home; 1878-79, W. T. Buell, Post 8, Kingsville; 

1880, J. M. Weaver, Post 5, Dayton ; 1881, Cecil A. Hall, Post 15, 
Toledo ; resigned May 31; Clias. H. Jones, Post 15, Toledo; 1882, 
S. O. Stockwell, Post 1, Columbus ; 1883, John H. Grove, Post 1, 
Columbus ; 1884, Thos. Mason, Post 340, Cincinnati ; 1885, 
Carl N. Bancroft, Post 451, Columbus ; 1880, David R. Hunt, Post 
439, Elmore ; 1887, Chas. E. Howell, Post 23, Dayton ; 1888, Geo. 
W. Wilson, Post 96, Hamilton. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1870-71, U. L. Marvin, Post 12, Akron ; 1875-78, *S. C. WiL 
liamson, Post 12, Akron ; died March 27, 1883 ; 1879, T. D. Mc- 
Gillicuddy, Post 12, Akron ; 1880, H. S. Bunker, Post 15, Toledo ; 

1881, Geo. W. Williams, Post 13, Cincinnati ; 1882-83, fH. P. 
Lloyd ; 1884, D. Pi. Austin, Post 15, Toledo (see Judge- Advocate- 
General, Chapter XXIII); 1885, Charles Townsend, Post 89, 
Athens ; 1886, N. D. ^Tibbals, Post 12, Akron ; 1887, Juo. AY. 
Chapin, Post 451, Columbus ; 1888, A. M. Warren, Post 13, Cin- 
cinnati. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1875, John D. Gibson, Post 5, National Military Home ; 1876, 
E. T. Curtis, Post 68, Hudson ; 1877, T. D. McGillicuddy, Post 
12, Akron ; 1878, Jno. D. Gibson, Post 5, National Military Home ; 
1879, C. A. Hall, Post 15, Toledo ; 1880, P. W. Stanhope," Post 13, 
Cincinnati; 1881, John H. Grove, Post 1, Columbus; 1882-83, 
.T. C. Doiialdson, Post 1, Columbus ; 1884, Chas. H. Wentzel, Post 
76, Cincinnati ; 1885, H. A. Anderson, Post 81, Zanesville ; ap- 
pointed Assistant Adjutant-General, January 1, 1886 ; succeeded 
as Chief Mustering Officer ])y H. L. Korte, Post 81, Zanesville ; 
1886, E. T. Curtis, Post 68, Hudson ; 1887, Jno. T. Mitchell, Post 
98, Urbaua ; 1888, Melville Hayes, Post 58, AVilmington. 

HISTORIANS. 

1876, Lewis J. Jones, Post 5, National :\[ilitary Home ; 1877-80, 
D. G. Palmer, Post 28, Geneva ; 1881, Morris Loenshal, Post 15, 
Toledo; 1882-83, S. S. Peters, Post 1, Columbus; 1884, William 



* Decease d. f To Department Commander. 



Department of Ohio. 509 

Horn, Post 10, Salem ; 1885, *J. St. John Clarkson, Post 23, Day- 
ton ; died October 22, 1885 ; 1886-88, H. U. Johnson, Post 4, Ash- 
tabula. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1867— W. E. Warnock, Urbana ; M. R. Brailey, Columbia ; J. 
^Y. Lindsey, Delaware ; D. W. C. Shockley, Cincinnati ; C. F. 
Manderson, Canton. 

1868— Frederick Miller, Marietta ; J. S. McCommon, Chilli- 
cothe ; Ashley Brown, Dayton ; T. C. Campbell, Cincinnati ; Jo- 
siah Given, Wooster. 

1869 — Ashley Brown, re-elected ; Joseph L. Smith, National 
Military Home ; P. O'Connell, Dayton ; Thos. W. Hefferman, 
Cincinnati ; Nathaniel Haughton, Toledo. 

1870— W. E. Parmlee, Toledo ; J. S. Clemmer, Salem; Wol- 

cott, Ashtabula ; J. Longstreth, Oxford ; R. Moore, Cincinnati. 

1871 — J. H. Seymour, Post 68, Hudson ; Jno. A. Hivling, 
Xenia ; C. A. Vaughn, Post 28, Geneva ; J. Armstrong, Post 62, 
Alliance ; J. W. Allen, Maumee City. 

1872 — J. H. Seymour, re-elected ; W. D. Moore, Sylvania ; G. 
A. Blocher, Post 5, National Military Home ; H. B. Wolcott, Post 
28, Geneva ; E. M. Culver, Sandusky. 

1873 — J. H. Seymour, re-elected ; O. Kleram, Post 15, Toledo ; 
C. L. Russell, Cleveland ; E. F. Brown, Post 5, National Home ; 
C. A. Vaughn, Post 28, Geneva. 

1874 — J. H. Seymour, E. F. Brown, re-elected ; R. B. Craw- 
ford, Post 2, Massillon ; Jas. P. Woodworth, Post 28, Geneva ; T. 
C. Boone, Post 10, Salem. 

1875 — J. H. Seymour, R. B. CraAvford, re-elected ; J. B. Hunt, 
Post 28, Geneva ; "c. A. Hall, Post 15, Toledo ; G. A. Blocher, Post 
5, National Military Home. 

1876— C. A. Hall, re-elected ; E. F. Brown, Post 5, National 
Military Home ; D. W. Thomas, Post 12, Akron ; C. F. Lease, Post 
10, Salem ; J. B. Petty, Post 28, Geneva. 

1877— C. A. Hall, D. W. Thomas, re-elected; W. T. Buell, Post 

* Deceased. 



510 Geand Army of the Eepublic. 

8, Kiugsville ; D. G. Palmer, Post 28, Geneva ; W. G. Bentley, 
Post 10, Salem. 

1878— C. A. Hall, D. G. Palmer, re-elected ; C. F. Lease, Post 
10, Salem ; T. D. McGillicuddy, Post 10, Akron ; M. D. Town- 
send, Post 9, Conneaut. 

1879— Jas. H. Seymour, Post 68, Hudson; W. H. Baldwin, 
Post 13, Cincinnati ; H. F. Sperry, Post 4, Ashtabula ; Samuel 
McCullougli, Post 11, Austinburg ; J. H. Nease, Post 10, Salem. 

1880 — Jas. H. Seymour, re-elected ; Geo. B. Spencer, Post 20, 
Weston ; E. F. Mason, Post 7, Jefferson ; Geo. W. Killey, Post 22, 
Defiance ; D. S. Van Pelt, Post 13, Cincinnati. 

1881— M. J. Enright, Post 15, Toledo ; D. K. Austin, Post 15, 
Toledo ; Geo. Sclieets, Post 14, East Toledo ; E. C. Briggs, Post 
1, Columbus ; W. O. Beebe, Post 37, Cuyahoga Falls. 

1882— H. A. Axline and T. W. Collier, Post 1, Columbus ; O. 
G. Daniel, Post 21, Mt. Vernon ; Koger Alcott, Post 27, Fostoria ; 
S. H. Hurst, Post 162, Chillicothe. 

1883— H. A. Axline, R. Alcott, S. H. Hurst, re-elected ; T. D. 
McGillicuddy, Post 12, Akron ; J. B. Allen, Post 89, Athens. 

1884 — S. H. Hurst, re-elected ; D. C. Putnam, Post 45, Spring- 
field ; E. Nigh, Post 165, Ironton ; T. F. Davis, Post 178, Mari- 
etta ; G. W. Wilson, Post 96, Hamilton. 

1885 — S. H. Hurst, D. C. Putnam, re-elected ; Moses H. Neil, 
Post 1, Columbus ; R. H. Cochran, Post 15, Toledo ; W. S. Har- 
lan, Post 81, Zanesville. 

1886— S. H. Hurst, D. C. Putnam, W. S. Harlan, re-elected ; 
J. O. McGowan, Post 29, Youngstown ; W. E. Hayues, Post 32, 
Fremont. 

1887— W. S. Harlan, re-elected ; T. S. Penfield, Post 45, Spring- 
field ; James Barnett, Post 141, Cleveland ; L. H. Williams, Post 
145, Ripley ; C. H. Wentzel, Post 76, Cincinnati. 

1888 — James Barnett, L. H. Williams, re-elected ; James Mc- 
Mullen, Post 213, Lebanon ; P. H. Dowling, Post 15, Toledo ; D. 
M. Barrett, Post 243, Rainsboro. 



Department of Ohio. 511 

soldiers' orphans' home at xenia. 

The noble work begun by the Department when its ranks were 
so greatly depleted was turned over to the State in 1870, the con- 
dition being imposed, however, on the Grand Army, that a suffi- 
cient amount of land for the purpose should be first donated and 
the buildings then under way be finished. To this work of rais- 
ing the money needed, the comrades under General Keifer's ad- 
ministration, zealously applied themselves. The oflfer of citizens 
of Greene county of sufficient land for the Home situated one 
mile south of Xenia was accepted, and, largely through the ap- 
peals for help made by Chaplain G. W. Collier, in a tour of the 
State, the Grand Army was enabled to meet the requirements of 
the Legislature, and present the buildings in condition for occu- 
pancy. 

The grounds have been since enlarged, from time to time, by 
purchase, until now there are 267 acres. There are now thirty- 
six buildings for office, school, chapel, hospital and Home cot- 
tages, and twelve buildings for farm purposes. 

In addition to a thorough training in common school branches, 
the Home provides for the technical, industrial and art educa- 
tion, of the children, so that on discharge they can fully earn 
their own livelihood. In 1885, through the instrumentality of 
the Woman's Relief Corps, a department of Domestic Economy 
was organized for instruction principally in cooking and sewing. 

Boys are discharged at sixteen and the girls at eighteen years 
of age. All limitations as to the death or cause of death of the 
father have been removed and any child whose father served in 
the army or navy, and is now in destitute circumstances, is enti- 
tled to admission. The present capacity is for 700 children, but 
new buildings now under way will give a total capacity of 950. 
Two hundred and fifty children eligible to this Home are now 
cared for by the State in other institutions, for which an addi- 
tional sum of $15,000 was appropriated by Act passed May 15, 
1886. The total number of children received from 1839 to 1888 
is 3,710. 

Each Christmas, the Department and the Woman's Relief 
Corps unite in making glad the hearts of the children by appro- 
priate presents. 

The total appropriations by the State since 1870 amount to 
$2,257,400 — the largest annual amount having been appropriated 



512 Grand Army of the EEPunLic. 

for the present year, $155,000. No official record of expenditures 
under the Grand Army prior to April, 1870, has been preKerved. 

THE OHIO soldiers' AND SAILORS' HOME. 

In 1885, Department Commander E. B. Brown rej)orted as the 
result of careful inquiries that 385 soldiers and sailors were in the 
lutirmaries or Almshouses of the State. Of these, 250 had served 
in Ohio commands during the rebellion, 285 were without families, 
98 with families, 27 were insane and 6 were of unsound mind. 
The average age was 53^ years. 

Impressed with the fact that the condition of these veterans 
could be remedied, the Department Commander invited a num- 
ber of comrades to meet at Columbus to take proper action there- 
on. This resulted in the presentation and early passage of a bill 
appropriating $^50,000 to commence the construction of a Soldiers' 
and Sailors' Home. 

The Board of Trustees organized June 3, 1886, with Isaac F. 
Mack, of Erie, President ; R. B. Brown, Secretary. The Trustees 
accepted the offer of a site for the Home near Sandusky, consist- 
ing of ninety acres of land. In addition to this grant of land, 
water-mains and sewers, gas-mains and electric lines have been 
extended to the Home without charge, and water-rent for thirteen 
years was voted at a nominal charge of '^2o per annum. 

In 1887 the Legislature made an additional appropriation of 
8100,000, and later added $110,000. 

The total cost for the buildings under way or projected will 
be over $500,000, and the buildings will accommodate 1,500 in- 
mates. 

The corner-stone of the Administration building was laid -July 
11, 1888, and was opened for the reception of inmates November 
10, 1S88. 

STATE AID. 

In addition to the appropriations for the State Soldiers' 
and Sailors' Home and the Soldiers' Orphan Home, the State of 
Ohio lias relieved from taxation all real estate used by Grand 
Army Posts, or l)y organized bodies of soldiers as Memorial Halls 
or places of meeting. 

A tax of not exceeding three-tenths of a mill is levied for the 



Department of Ohio. 513 

support of indigent* soldiers and sailors and their families, to be 
distributed by a Board of three Commissioners appointed by the 
Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in each county. 

BURIAL OF DECEASED VETERANS. 

The Legislature, in 1884, passed an Act for the burial of any 
honorably discharged ex-Union soldier, sailor or marine of this 
State who may die without leaving means for his funeral ex- 
penses. The amount to be expended in each case not to exceed 



MEMORIAL CHAPEL, AKRON. 

Buckley Post No. 12, Akron, heretofore referred to as the only 
Post organized in Ohio in 1867 that maintained its organization, 
received from the Trustees of the Akron Rural Cemetery the gift 
of a large plat of ground for the burial of Union veterans. 

The Post then erected in the cemetery, at a cost of $35,000, a 
handsome Memorial Chapel, which was dedicated on Memorial 
Day, 1876. On memorial tablets are engraved the names of all 
deceased soldiers and sailors who went into the service from 
Akron, and of all veterans who have since died in that city. 

There are several beautiful cathedral windows, one the gift of 
relatives in honor of Colonel Lewis Buckley, after whom the Post 
was named, and others were presented by friends or comrades. 

One window contains life-size representations of Washington, 
Perry and Lincoln ; another represents Woman's Work in the 
War, donated by ladies of the Cemetery Association. 



TOLEDO SOLDIERS MEMORIAL BUILDING. 

The project of erecting a Memorial Hall in Toledo was first 
agitated in Forsyth Post No. 15. This Post Avas organized No- 
vember 19, 1866, and is the senior Post in the Department, having 
maintained its organization intact from the date of muster. 

With the co-operation of their most efficient Relief Corps 
(then the Ladies' Aid), it was decided to enlist the public more 
directly in the work by the formation of the Toledo Soldiers' 
Memorial Association, which was formally organized July 23, 
1879. 

33 



514 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

The city douated a site for the buildiug, and about $18,000 
of unused Bounty funds were transferred to the Memorial Asso- 
ciation, 

After the building was well under way it was deemed best to 
transfer the same to the city of Toledo to be completed as a Me- 
morial Buildiug, as first designed, and also for the use of the Ohio 
National Guard as an Armory. 

It was dedicated May 26, 1887, " In honor of the Union sol- 
diers and sailors of Lucas county, who served in the war of the 
rebellion." The total cost of this Memorial was $70,000. 

On May 26, 1887, a magnificent statue in memory of Major- 
General James B. Steedman, Past Department Commander, 
was dedicated. The total height of the monument is twenty-six 
feet. The figure of General Steedman is of bronze, life-size, and 
stands on a jDedestal of Vermont marlde. It cost $25,000, and was 
the gift of Mr. AYm. J. Finlay, of Toledo, whom General Steedman 
had befriended in early life. The same gentleman caused to be 
erected a fine monument over the grave of General Steedman in 
Woodlawn Cemetery, which cost $3,000. 

MEMORIAL BUILDING, ZANESYILLE. 

Under authority conferred by the Legislature, the Commis- 
sioners of Muskingum County have erected in Zanesville a "Sol- 
diers' and Sailors' Memorial Building," at a cost of about $75,000. 
The building, a noble structure 95 by 132 feet, three stories in 
height, with stone front, will be used in part for stores and offices. 
On the second floor a fine suite of rooms are provided free of rent 
for the use of the local Posts of the Grand Army of the Eepublic. 
On the third floor is the Memorial Hall, having a seating capacity 
for 3,000 persons. In this, marble tablets will be placed bearing 
the names of the Soldier and Sailor dead of Muskingum County. 

A Memorial Building is also to be erected in Columbus. 

Provision has been made by a number of enactments of tho 
Legislature, authorizing the issu3 of bonds, if necessary, for the 
erection of Soldiers' Monuments or Memorial Buildings. 

GRAND ARMY BADGE. 

By an Act of the Legislature passed February 22, 1888, any 
person who shall willfully wear the badge or button of the Grand 



Department of Indiana. 515 

Army of the Kepublic, Union Veterans' Union, Sons of Veterans, 
or Military Order of the Loyal Legion, to obtain assistance there- 
by, unless he is entitled to wear the same, may be punished by a 
fine not exceeding $20, or imprisonment not exceeding thirty days, 
or both, at the discretion of the court. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

May 30th is a legal holiday in Ohio. 

PREFERENCE IN EMPLOYMENT. 

By an Act passed April 3, 1888, honorably discharged union 
soldiers, sailors and marines, of the late rebellion, shall be pre- 
ferred for appointment and employment in every public depart- 
ment, and upon all public works of the State of Ohio. Age, loss 
of limb or other physical impairment which does not in fact inca- 
pacitate, shall not be deemed to disqualify them, provided they 
possess the other requisite qualifications. 



DEPARTMENT OF INDIANA. 

In July, 1866, General Robert S. Foster, of Indianapolis, vis- 
ited Dr. B. F. Stephenson at Springfield, Illinois, with a view to 
the introduction of the Grand Army of the Republic in Indiana, 
and, upon his return, with the assistance of Major Oliver M. Wil- 
son, as Adjutant-General, proceeded to charter Posts, the first 
being chartered in Indianapolis, with General Daniel Macauley 
as Commander. This Post was recruited to nearly one thousand 
members. 

A convention to organize the Department was held in Indian- 
apolis, August 20, 1866. General Foster was elected Department 
Commander. He so served until November 22, when another 
meeting was held, following the National Convention, which met 
in that city, November 20. By the latter. General Foster was 
elected Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief. (See portrait and bi- 
ography. Chapter IV.) The following were elected officers of the 
Department : General Nathan Kimball, Indianapolis, Grand Com- 
mander ; Senior Vice-Commander, A. W, Rawlinson : Junior Vice- 



516 



Grand Army of the Republic. 




Genekal Nathan Kimball. 



Commander, "Chas. Case, Fort 
Wayne ; Assistant Adjutant- 
General, O. M. Wilson, In- 
dianapolis; Assistant Quarter- 
master-General, A. J. Hawlie, 
New Albany ; Surgeon-Gene- 
ral, Dr. J. K. Bigelow, Indian- 
apolis ; Chai^lain, Kev. Irwin. 
Council of Administration — 
General Thomas Brady, Mun- 
cie ; Colonel O. H. P. Bailey, 
Plymouth ; J. K. Powers, 
Knightstown ; Colonel C. J. 
Dobbs, Indianapolis. 

General Kimball assumed 
command on the same date, 
and in his first Order said : 



The principles that actuate the true soldier can never become the heritage of any 
but a noble, ,!?eneroiis, active and humane people. The Grand Army fitly chooses to 
recognize only such principles, and, as faithful comrades in the field, let us always 
endeavor, by our language and actions, to secure and maintain the same pledges of de- 
votion that we then and there made to that " old flag" which is emblematical of all 
that is good and great in a nation and brave and loyal in man. 

1 recommend the widest possible diffusion of a knowledge of our organization, 
until every true and tried soldier who has marched to the music of the Union and worn 
the blue shall be mustered into the Grand Army of the Kepublic, and every suffer- 
ing, disabled soldier, every soldier's widow and orphan, shall be relieved by the sense 
of justice and liberal generosity, not the charity of the Government. 



General Kimball was born iu Washington county, Indiana, 
November 22, 1822, and served in the war Avith Mexico. 

He was commissioned Captain by Governor Morton, April 20, 
1861, and one month later was made Colonel 14th Indiana Volun- 
teer Infantry. 

General Kimball's services were most conspicuous. He was 
commissioned Brigadier-General, April 15, 1862, for the victory 
achieved over General " Stonewall " Jackson at Kearnstown, 
March 28, 1862. He was severely wounded at Fredericksburg, 
Va., December 14, 1862. 

Later, he was taken from service in the field to aid in sup- 
pressing the "Knights of the Golden Circle" in Indiana, which 
resulted in the stamping out of that treasonable organization. 



Department of Indiana. 



517 



He was brevetted Major- 
General February 1, 1865, 
and was inustered-out Au- 
gust 25, 1865. Is now (1868) 
at Ogden, Commander De- 
partment of Utah. 

The Department Com- 
manders following General 
Kimball were : 1868, E. S. 
Foster; 1869, O. M. Wilson ; 
1870, *Lewis Humphrey, 
Post 17, South Bend. 

Major Wilson served as 
Assistant Adjutant-General 
of the Department until 
elected Department Com- 




Major O. M. Wilson. 



mander in 1869. His work in introducing the Order in the East 
is related in the account of the Pittsburgh Convention (page 27), 
and in addition he gave material assistance to Adjutant-General 
Stephenson by the issue of supplies needed by National Head- 
quarters. 

The Department of Indiana at one time numbered 300 Posts, 
yet notwithstanding the activity shown in mustering Posts, and 
the strength thus attained, it made no reports and paid no dues 
to Headquarters of the Order. 

General Joseph Packard was appointed Provisional Com- 
mander in 1871, but nothing could then be done in the work of re- 
organizing, and the Order in Indiana, with the exception of one 
Post in South Bend, became defunct. 

Attempts were made at different times to organize other Posts 
in the State, but having no Department supervision, they were 
soon abandoned. 

EEORGANIZATION. 

After a lapse of several years, the Department Commander of 
Illinois, Comrade E. D. Swain, encouraged by comrades who had 
visited Indiana, and especially by reports made by Senior Yice- 
Commander-in-Chief Jos. S. Eeynolds, undertook the work of 
there organizing Posts. The result was the formation of Posts 



* Deceased. 



518 Grand Army of the REruBLic. 

at Terre Haute, Brazil, Lafayette, Covington, Greensburg, Wa- 
bash, Annapolis and (xreeueastle, all being mustered by Depart- 
ment Inspector E. AV. Chamberlain, of Illinois. 

The Post now known as Auten Post No. 8, South Bend, was 
organized in 1800, as Post 1, District of St. Joseph, and on the 
re-numbering of Posts after the abandonment of District organi- 
zations, became No. 17. 

This Post steadily, and for a long time alone, maintained its 
organization, elected its officers each term, and never failed, as a 
Post, to properly observe Memorial Day. 

On August 19, 1879, it was attached to the Department of Illi- 
nois as Post No. 04, but on the appointment of the Provisional 
Commander was transferred to Indiana as Post No. 8. 

Morton Post No. 1, Terre Haute, had been organized with 
fifty-six charter-members. May 11, 1879, as Post 51, Department 
of Illinois. Captain John B. Hager, a prominent citizen and 
business man, was chosen Post Commander, and in sixty days the 
Post was recruited to 300 members. 

On August 11, Comrade Hager was appointed Provisional 
Commander, Jay Cummings,. Assistant Adjutant-General. On 
October 3, a permanent Department was formed with Comrade 
Hager as Department Commander. At the outbreak of the re- 
bellion he had enlisted in the 14th Indiana Volunteers, but was 
soon after commissioned Captain 14tli Infantry, United States 
Army, and served through the war with that regiment, or on im- 
portant assignments. He was Provost Marshal in Richmond 
upon the occupation of that city. He died suddenly, August 28, 
1885, while on a visit to Branford, Connecticut. 

Early in 1883, and again in 1884, portions of the State suffered 
heavily by floods, and many comrades were in distress. The De- 
partment officers ajjpealed for assistance to the comrades in the 
more fortunate sections of that State, and the responses were 
prompt and generous. 

Assistance was tendered by National Headquarters, but the 
offer was declined, as the Department officers felt that they could 
fully rely on their own members for all the help recjuirod. 

Meetings of the Department, since the reorganization, have 
been held as follows : 

I. October 3, 1879, Terre Haute ; II. January 29, 1880, Green- 
castle ; III. April 13, 1881, Terre Haute ; and since at Indianap- 



Department of Indiana. 519 

olis— lY. February 22, 1882 ; V. , 1883 ; VI. February 

21, 1884 ; YII. February 25, 1885 ; YIII. February 17, 1886 ; IX. 
February 16, 1887 ; X. February 22, 1888. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1879, Provisional, *Jobu B. Hager, Post 1, Terre Haute. Per- 
manent Department, October 3, 1879, John B. Hager ; 1880, S. E. 
Armstrong, Post 2, Brazil ; 1881, W. W. Dudley, Post 17, Indian- 
apolis ; 1882-83, James E. Carnaban, Post 3, Lafayette (see In- 
spector-General, Chapter XIX) ; 1881, Edwin Nicar, Post 8, South 
Bend ; 1885, David N. Foster, Post 40, Fort Wayne ; 1886, Thomas 
W. Bennett, Post 55, Kichmond ; 1887, Ira J. Chase, Post 164, 
Danville ; 1888, Argus D. Yanosdol, Post 26, Madison (see Inspec- 
tor-General, Chapter XXIY). 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1879-80, tJ. E. Carnaban ; 1881, J. S. Wooden, Post 5, Greens- 
burg ; 1882-83, fEdwin Nicar ; 1884, Jos. P. IliflP, Post c5, Eich- 
mond ; 1885, G. W. Miller, Post 1, Terre Haute ; 1886, Andrew J. 
Fite, Post 191, New Albany ; 1887, W. F. Daley, Post 56, Peru ; 
1888, Shelby Sexton, Post 199, North Manchester. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1879, Ed, C. Snyder, Post 7, Crawfordsville ; 1880, J. F. Fee, 
Post 5, Greensburg ; 1881, H. L. Miller, Post 27, Evansville ; 1832, 
A. C. Eosecranz, Post 27, Evansville ; 1883, Paul Hendricks, Post 
26, Madison ; 1884, Nathan C. W^elsh, Post 114, Warsaw ; 1885, 
Joseph A. Young, Post 119, Middletown ; 1886, t^. F. Daley ; 
1887, C. C. Briant, Post 98, Versailles ; 1888, I. B. McDonald, 
Post 181, Columbia City. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1879-80, J. C. Thompson, Post 1, Terre Haute ; 1881, Geo. F. 
Beasley, Post 3, Lafayette ; 1882, William Scott, Post 30, Koko- 
mo ; 1883, James L. Gregg, Post 40, Fort Wayne ; 1884, E. A. 
Williamson, Post 42, Lebanon ; 1885-88, A. E. Tucker, Post 207, 
Ciaero. 



* Deceased. f To Department Commander. t To Senior Vice-Commander. 



520 Grand Army of the Bepublic. 

chaplains. 

1870, B. F. Cravens, Post 5, Greensburg ; 1880-82, T. W. Har- 
ris, Post 4, Covingtou ; 1888, Jolm M. Whitehead ; 1884, K. E. 
Hiiwley, Post 72, Wasliiugtou ; 1885, Alexander Bhiclvburn, Post 
8, Lafayette; 1886, *Ira J. Chase; 1887, A. W. Lamport, Post 17, 
Indianapolis ; 1888, Tra J. Chase, Post 164, Danville. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1879, Jay Cummings, Post 1, Terre Haute ; 1880, Daniel Ma- 
cauley, Post 17, Indianapolis ; 1881-84, Ben D. House, Post 17, 
Indianapolis ; 1885, Eobert Stratton, Post 40, Fort Wayne ; re- 
signed June 27, on removal to Minnesota ; succeeded by Tom 
Sullivan, Post 40, Fort Wayne ; 1886, fBen D. House ; died July 
4, 1887, of illness superinduced by a wound in the throat received 
at Ball's Bluff ; 1887-88, I. N. Walker, Post 17, Indianapolis. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1879, Harmon S. Miller, Post 1, Terre Haute ; 1881, S. E. 
Armstrong, Post 2, Brazil ; 1882-88, Garrett H. Shover, Post 17, 
Indianapolis ; 1884, Jasper E. Lewis, Post 8, South Bend ; 1885, 
Frank E. Benjamin, Post 209, Indianapolis ; 1886-88, Courtland 
E. Whitsit, Post 26, Madison. 

INSPECTORS. 

1879-82, AV. H. Armstrong, Post 1, Terre Haute ; 1888, J. L. 
Wooden, Post 5, Greensburg ; 1884, Robert Stratton, Post 40, 
Fort Wayne ; 1885, Jasper E. Lewis, Post 8, South Bend ; 1886, 
Joseph P. Iliff, Post 55, Richmond ; 1887, James F. Fee, Post 11, 
Greencastle ; 1888, Andrew Fite, Post 191, New Albany. 

JUDGE- AD VOCATR. 

1879-86, Thomas Hanna, Post 11, Greencastle ; 1887-88, B. F. 
Williams, Post (J, Wabash. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1879-80, *S. E. Armstrong ; 1881, *J. R. Carnahan ; 18-V2, J. 
B. Shaw, Post 8, Lafayette ; 1888, Allan H. Dougall, Post 40, Foit 

* To Depurtiujnt C'oiiuiiaiider. f Deceased. 



Department of Indiana. 521 

Wayne ; 1884, C. E. Whitsit, Post 26, Madison ; 1885, Daniel S. 
Wilson, Post 27, Evansville ; 1886, Gil. R. Stormont, Post 28, 
Princeton ; 1887, Joseph P. Iliff, Post 55, Richmond ; 1888, T. M. 
Little, Post 126, Connersville. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1879— Edwin Nicar, Post 8, South Bend ; W. W. Casto, Post 
12, Annapolis ; J. W. Harris, Post 4, Covington ; S. E. Armstrong, 
Post 2, Brazil ; H. L. Miller, Post 1, Terre Haute. 

1880— W. W. Casto, re-elected ; E. C. Snyder, Post 7, Craw- 
fordville ; Chas. T. Clement, Post 3, Lafayette ; J, T. Johnston, 
Post 9, Rockville ; J. L. Wooden, Post 5, Greensburg. 

1881 — J. T. Johnston, re-elected; D. Agnew, Post 16, Yincennes; 
Geo. Pfleiger, Post 8, South Bend; Jno. M. Wliite, Post 15, Peters- 
burgh ; G. J. Langsdale, Post 11, Greencastle. 

1882 — J. A. Gurley, Post 10, Annapolis ; Abram Seebren, Post 
15, Petersburgh ; Geo. F. McGinnis, Post 17, Indianapolis ; C. N. 
Scott, Post 32, Boswell ; Wm. A. Quigley, Post 26, Madison. 

1883— A. D. Lynch, Post 17, Indianapolis ; J. M. Story, Post 
127, Franklin ; W. D. McCullough, Post 2, Brazil ; Harry Dean, 
Post 90, Goshen ; J. M. Watts, Post 31, Delphi. 

1884 — C. A. Zollinger, Post 40, Fort Wayne ; W. H. Armstrong, 
Post 1, Terre Haute ; A. D. Yanosdol, Post 26, Madison ; W. D. 
Lewis, Post 16, Vincennes. 

1885— John N. Runyan, Post 114, Warsaw ; D. C. McCollum, 
Post 147, Laporte ;. J. A. Closser, Post 17, Indianapolis ; J, O. 
Pedigo, Post 42, Lebanon ; Stephen Metcalf, Post 41, Anderson. 

1886 — John N. Runyan, re-elected; I. N. Walker, Post 17, In- 
dianapolis ; J. F. Fee, Post 11, Greencastle ; Allen H. Dougall, 
Post 271, Fort Wayne ; Wm. E. Brown, Post 106, Valparaiso. 

1887— Thos. Bridges, Post 6, Wabash ; J. E. Walton, Post 
371, Koleen ; J. H. Hoffman, Post 125, Ligonier ; John L. Mc- 
Master, Post 17, Indianapolis ; John M. Bloss, Post 78, Muncie. 

1888— W. M. Cochran, Post 369, Indianapolis ; D. H. H. Shew- 
maker, Post 78, Muncie ; Henry C. Tinney, Post 3, Lafayette ; 
Nicholas Ensley, Post 67, Auburn ; N. N. Boydston, Post 442- 
North Providence. 



522 Grand Army of the Republic. 

soldiers' and sailors' monument. 

At the close of the war a movement was inaugurated for the 
purpose of erecting a State Soldiers' Monument, but after a very 
few years the matter was abandoned. 

During Comrade Carnahan's first term as Department Com- 
mander, he presented the matter to the Department, and a com- 
mittee was appointed to devise ways and means to secure the 
erection of the monument. Upon Comrade Carnahan's re-elec- 
tion as Department Commander, he redoubled his efforts for the 
monument, and the public press took the matter up and urged its 
erection. 

Subscriptions were started and the work began to assume a 
tangible shape. At the Department Encampment, February 22, 
1884, articles of incorporation were adoj^ted, which provided for 
a " Monument Committee of five to be appointed by the Depart- 
ment Commander." 

The Committee consisted of Comrades Jas. R. Carnahan, G. 
J. Langsdale, Geo. ^Y. Johnston, T. W. Bennett and D. B. McCol- 
lum. Subsequently Comrades W. H. Elliott, Jas. T. Layman, 
Jno. L. McMaster, C. A. Zollenger and Benj. F. Havens were 
added to it. 

The committee labored earnestly in the interest of the monu- 
ment. The State was canvassed, and the attention of tlie political 
parties invoked until the State Conventions of all parties en- 
dorsed it, which resulted in the appropriation of $200,000 by the 
Legislature. 

This result was due entirely to the efforts of the Grand Army 
of the Republic, heartily seconded, as stated, by the pre^s and the 
citizens of the State generally. 

The design of Bruno Schmitz, of Berlin, was adopted. The 
monument will stand in Monument Circle, Indianapolis, and will 
be 265 feet high. 

The statue of victory which surmounts it is twenty-five feet 
in height, witli an arm that measures ten feet from wrist to 
shoulder. 

At the four corners, a short distance from the base, are four 
sub-pedestals, about thirty feet in height, bearing groups of 
statuary symbolizing the four branches of service — Infantry, 
Cavalry, Artillery and Navy. From tlie east and west sides of tlie 
monument, at the base, will gush forth fountains of water into 




Soldiers' Monument, Indianapolis, Ind. 



Department of Illinois. 523 

reservoirs seventy feet in width. The steps (ten in number) leading 
up to the base of the structure, will be seventy feet wide. A wind- 
ing stairway will reach the entire length of the structure, and an 
elevator will ascend to a height of two hundred and thirty feet, at 
which point will be battlements and a place for observations. 
The diameter of the monument at the base, including steps and 
terraces, will be one hundred and ninety-two feet. The founda- 
tion proper will be eighty feet in diameter at the base, and the 
shaft proper sixty-four feet in diameter. It converges gradually, 
until, at a distance of seventy feet from the base, the diameter 
is forty-four feet, and then on until the statue of victory is reached 
with a footstool ten feet in diameter. The statue will bear in an 
uplifted hand an electric light. A short distance beneath its 
base, with a background of bronze, and on the four faces of the 
monument, will be the figures 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864 — made 
clearly discernible at night by means of the light. Nearly mid- 
way down is an astragal in bronze, symbolizing " Mercy. 'i Fur- 
ther down are to be two bronze badges — the one on the south 
side, of the Grand Army of the Republic, and the other, on the 
north side, of the Woman's Relief Corps. Uniting the two is a 
wreath, exhibiting weapons of war, which ar3 to be made of iron. 
Just above the base, on the west side, is a grouj) of statuary rep- 
resenting a battle, and on the east side another group represent- 
ing Victory. All these figures will be made of stone. On the 
south and north sides, parallel with the above groups, will be 
large tablets bearing the inscriptions of the counties which have 
made appropriation for the monument, and also of the regiments 
and batteries that have contributed. Quite a number of counties 
and regiments have contributed one hundred ($100) dollars each 
for that purpose, and it is expected that all the counties will do so 
before the monument is completed. The inscription, " To Indi- 
ana's Silent Victors by a Grateful State," is to be carved on the 
south face of the monument. The total cost will exceed $250,000. 



DEPARTMENT OF ILLINOIS. 

In Chapter IV, it is stated that the Department Commander 
of Illinois, in 1869, reported to National Headquarters the exist- 
ence of about 330 Posts. 



524 Grand Army of the REPUBLir. 

Two years later tlie Adjutant-General, in his report to the 
National Encampment, stated that he had visited Illinois for the 
purpose of ascertaining the condition of that Department, and the 
causes for the existing demoralization. He was informed that 
some twenty-five Posts were in working order, l)ut it now seems 
certain that but one Post, of all the large number chartered in 
Illinois, then survived. 

This was Nevius Post, now No. 1, at Piockford, which was 
chartered October 3, 18G6, as Post 121:, and had steadily main- 
tained its organization, a fact highly creditable to its members 
under all the circumstances. 

One of their number, Guy T. Gould, in 1870, removed to Chi- 
cago, and there endeavored to revive an interest in the Grand 
Army, with such success that, in June, Piansom Post was organ- 
ized with Captain John Stephens as Post Commander, Guy T. 
Gould, Adjutant. 

Mombers of the Pvockford Post attended the ceremonies of 
muster-in, and thus practically aided in the reorganization of the 
Department. 

Eansom Post was slowly but steadily increasing in members 
and influence when the great conflagration of October 9, 1871, 
swept away the places of business or the homes of nearly all its 
members. The news of the great disaster had been but made 
known when from all sections of the country, and from abroad, 
money, food and clothing began to pour in to relieve in part the 
misfortunes of the i)eople of Chicago, and tlie few members of the 
Grand Army there also found that they were specially remembered 
by their comrades. 

On October 13, Abner Coleman, Commander of Post No. 3, 
Taunton, Massachusetts, telegraphed " One Hundred Dollars 
sent for the relief of our suffering comrades, and more to fol- 
low." Other Posts promptly telegraphed contributions in re- 
spouse to a request from National Headquarters and the moneys 
so received were carefully disl)ursed by the committee of the Post 
in the manner intended by the donors. 

In 1872 four Posts were reported in working order in the De- 
partment but notwithstanding the earnest efforts of the Depart- 
ment oflicers the membership increased very slowly. It seemed 
to be almost impossible to restore confidence among the veter- 
ans of the State, and only by persistent work was the general 
distrust removed. 



Department of Illinois. 525 

In 1872 dues were paid on 246 members, in 1873 on 512, and 
in 1874 on 682. After 1877 the gain in membership was quite 
rapid, as will be seen from the tables elsewhere presented. 

In 1878-79, the Department enlarged its work by chartering 
eight Posts in Indiana and others there were under way when the 
Provisional Department of Indiana was formed, to which these 
Posts, with 762 members, were transferred. Post No. 1, Little 
Kock, Arkansas, was attached to the Department of Illinois in 

1878, and Warner Post at Louisville, Kentucky, in 1879. 

There is no record of meetings of the Department for the 
years 1867-1870, inclusive, and the partial list of officers for 
those years, here given, was obtained from references made to the 
Dej)artment in reports of the National officers. 

ANNUAL ENCAMPMENTS. 

1866, Convention, July 12, Springfield ; February, 1872, Spring- 
field ; January 22, 1873, Chicago ; January 27, 1874, liockford ; 
January 20, 1875, Joliet ; January 20, 1876, Sycamore ; January 
18, 1877, Ottawa ; January 17, 1878, Springfield ; January 29, 

1879, Galesburg ; January 28, 1880, Chicago ; January 26, 1881, 
Peoria ; January 26, 1882, Rockford ; January 31, 1883, Danville ; 
January 31, 1884, Decatur ; February 18, 1885, Peoria ; Febru- 
ary 17, 1886, Springfield ; February 16, 1887, Rock Island ; Feb- 
ruary 15, 1888, Springfiel;\ 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1866, Provisional, *B. F. Stephenson; July 12, John M. Palmer; 
1867-68, John M. Palmer, Springfield ; 1869-70, Thomas O. Os- 
born ; 1871, *C. E. Lippincott, Post 30, Springfield ; 1872, Hubert 
Dilger, Post 30, Springfield ; 1873, Guy T. Gould, Post 5, Chi- 
cago (see Junior Yice-Commander-in-Chief, Chapter XIII) ; 1874- 
76, *H. Hilliard, Post 30, Springfield ; died January 8, 1886; 1877, 
J. S. Reynolds, Post 5, Chicago (see Senior Yice-Commander-in- 
Chief, Chapter XIY); 1878, T. B. Coulter, Post 20, Aurora ; 1879- 
80, Edgar D. Swain, Post 5, Chicago (see Senior Yice-Commander- 
in-Chief, Chapter XIX) ; 1881, J. W. Burst, Post 12, Sycamore 
(see Inspector-General, Chapter XXI) ; 1882, Thos. G. Lawler, 

* Deceased. 



526 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Post 1, Rockt'ord ; 1883, S. A. Harper, Post 53, Elmwood ; 1884, 
L. T. Dickasou, Post 77, Danville ; 1885, W. W. Berry, Post 96, 
Quincy ; 1886, Philip Sidney Post, Post 45, Galesburg ; 1887, A. C. 
Sweetser, Post 146, Bloomington ; 1888, Jas. A. Sexton, Post 28, 
Chicago. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1866, John Cook, Springfield ; 1871, R. M. Hough, Chicago ; 
1872, tGuy T. Gould ; 1873, *J. J. Palmer, Post 1, Rockt'ord ; died 
1878 ; 1874-76, tT. G. Lawler ; 1877, fT. B. Coulter ; 1878, fE. D. 
Swain ; 1879, C. W. Pavey, Post 42, Mt. Vernon ; 1880, fJ. W. 
Burst ; 1881, tThomas G. Lawler ; 18S2, R. M. Campbell, Post 67, 
Peoria; 1883, I. S. Taylor, Post 55, Centralia ; 1884, Harrison 
Black, Post 119, Marshall ; 1885, A. D. Reade, Post 48, Batavia ; 
1886, Thos. G. Fullerton, Post 156, Ottawa ; 1887, AY. L. Distin, 
Post 96, Quincy ; 1888, R. P. Lytle, Post 141, Decatur. 



JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1871, Horace Chapin, Jacksonville ; 1873, George N. Carey, 
Post 3, Plainfield ; 1874, William A. Lord ; 1875, W. H. Cain ; 
1876,*P. L. W. Jansson ; 1877, A. M. Trimble, Post 21, Ottawa ; 
1878, |.C. W. Pavey ; 1879, L. S. Lambert, Post 45, Galesburg ; 
1880, Geo. Puterbaugh, Post 67, Peoria ; 1881, fSamuel A. Har- 
per, Post 53, Elmwood ; 1882, J. L. Richardson, Post 45, Gales- 
burg ; 1883, tL. T. Dickason, Post 77, Danville ; 1884, Wm. Jack- 
son, Post 37, Elmira ; 1885, P. W. Wykotf, Post 94, Henry ; 1886, 
Enos Bond, Post 50, Chicago ; 1887, AVm. Avery, Post 108, AYood- 
stock ; 1888, F. M. Pickett, Post 454, Harrisburg. 



MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1871, *J. W. Routh, Post 1, Decatur; 1873, E. L. Higgins, 
Post 30, Springfield ; 1874, J. E. De Wolf, Englewood ; 1875-78, L. 
C. Mitchell, Post 6, Joliet ; 1879, M. M. Robbins ; 1880-82, Jos. S. 
Lane, Post 7, Chicago ; 1883-84, L. S. Lambert, Post 45, Gales- 
burg; 1885-86, A. T. Barnes, Post 146, Bloomington; 1887, Joseph 
McKee, Post 243, Rock Island; 1888, W. D. Craig, Post 262, Aledo. 

* Deceased. t To Depurtment Commander. t To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Department of Illinois. 527 

chaplains. 

1871, D. C. Carnahan, Springfield ; 1873, H. M. Eawson, Post 
99, Mason ; 1874-76, C. E. Beach, Chicago ; 1877-78, Samuel 
Paine, Post 20, Aurora ; 1879-83, Samuel Fallows, Post 28, Chi- 
cago ; 1884-86, E. D. AVilkin, Post 77, Danville; 1887, Lewis 
Curts, Post 12, Sycamore ; 1888, W. C. Magner, Post 329, Morris. 



ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1866— Eobt. M. Woods (now Joliet) ; 1867, Daniel Grass, 
Springfield ; 1871, H. Dilger, Post 30, Springfield ; 1872, Geo. S. 
Dana, Post 30, Springfield ; 1873, *H. Hilliard, Post 5, Chicago ; 
1874, Paul Van Der Voort (see Commander-in-Chief, Chapter 
XXI) ; 1875-76, J. E. Vreeland, Chicago ; 1877, Henry D. Field, 
Post 5, Chicago ; 1878, L. C. Porter, Post 20, Aurora ; 1879-80, C. 
R. E. Koch, Post 7, Chicago ; 1881-85, J. L. Bennett, Post 28, 
Chicago ; 1886, H. P. Thompson, Post 5, Chicago ; 1887, Edwin 
Harlan, Post 119, Marshall ; 1888, A. D. Reade, Post 48, Batavia. 



ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1866, John M. Snyder, Springfield ; 1871-72, E. L. Higgins, 
Post 30, Springfield ; 1873-76, J. C. Harrington, Chicago ; 1877, 
S. Aug. Chappell, Post 28, Chicago; 1878-80, W. H. Watson, Post 
20, Aurora ; 1881, Rowley Page, Post 45, Galesburg ; 1882, T. W. 
Cole, Post 1, Rockford ; 1883, J. L. Richardson, Post 45, Gales- 
burg ; 1884-88, Thomas W. Scott, Post 244, Fairfield. 

INSPECTORS. 

1871, John M. Snyder, Springfield ; 1873, E. J. Rook, Chicago; 
1874, P. Flinn ; 1877, T. G. Lawler, Post 1, Rockford ; 1878, C. R. 
E. Koch, Post 7, Chicago ; 1879-80, H. C. Cooke, Post 5, Chi- 
cago ; 1881, A. B. Russ, Post 7, Chicago ; 1882, J. H. Collier, Post 
70, Gibson City ; 1883, James E. Jewett, Post 117, Pekin ; 1884, 
William Yenable, Post 103, Macomb ; 1885, George A. Wilson, 
Post 67, Peoria ; 1886-87, A. D. Reade, Post 48, Batavia ; 1888, 
Fred. W. Spink, Post 40, Chicago. 

* To Department Commander, 



528 Grand Army of the Republic. 

judge-advocates. 

1873, Hubert Dilger, Post 30, Springfield ; 1874, E. S. Weedon, 
Post 1, Chicago ; 1877, E. 8. Weedon, Post 1, Chicago ; 1878, E. 
J. Harkness, Post 28, Chicago ; 1879-82, H. H. Thomas, Post 5, 
Chicago ; 1883, T. A. Boyd, Post 121, Lewiston ; 1884, R. P. 
Crawford, Post 1, Eockford ; 1885-88, James A. Connolly, Post 
271, Charleston. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1874, John Stephens, Chicago ; 1877, Warren S. Noble, Post 
17, AVilniiugtou ; 1878, L. S. Lambert, Post 45, Galesbnrg ; 1879- 
80, *E.AV. Chamberlain, Post 28, Chicago; 1881, H. P. Thompson, 
Post 5, Chicago ; 1882, *L. S. Hudson, Post 40, Chicago ; 1883, P. 
AY. Wilcox, Post 135, Mendota ; 188^85, John C. Bell, Post 30, 
Springfield ; 1888-87, *John G. Mack, Post 30, Springfield ; 1888, 
Aaron F. AVolcott, Post 28, Chicago. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1871— R. M. Hough, Chicago ; E. B. Harlan, Springfield ; 
Richard Rowett, Carlinsville ; H. Chapin, Chicago. 

1872 — T. G. Lawler, Rockt'ord ; A. H. Wiaut, Turner Junction. 

1873 — r. M. Bradshaw, Chicago ; E. L. Higgins, Springfield ; 
T. G. Lawler, Rockford ; M. Burns, Plainfield ; A. H. AViant, Tur- 
ner Junction. 

1874— A. H. Wiant, re-elected ; H. B. Scott, Post 7, Chicago ; 
G. N. Carey, Post 3, Plainfield ; Jas. Stewart, Post 1, Rockford ; 
P. Flynn, Post 2. 

1875— J. AY. Burst, Post 12, Sycamore ; J. S. Plielps, Chicago ; 
Robt. Walsh, B. F. Harner, J. Dennison. 

187f)— J. AY. Burst, re-elected ; J. AY. R. Stambaugh, Sterling ; 
E. W. ^\'i]lard, Chicago ; Ira A. Church, AVatseka. 

1877— J. AY. Burst, re-elected ; G. N. Carey, Post 3, Plainfield ; 
C. W. Pavey, Post 42, Mt. A^ernon ; E. D. Swain, Post 5, Chicago ; 
S. L. Swinnery, Post 30, Springfield. 

1878— J. W. Burst, S. L. Swinnery, re-elected ; T. G. Lawler, 

* Deceased. 



Department of Illinois. 529 

Post 1, Rockford ; H. H. Thomas, Post 5, Chicago ; E. A. Sher- 
burne, Post 28, Chicago. 

1879— J. W. Burst, T. G. Lawler, re-elected ; J. F. Torrence, 
Post 23, Chicago ; J. N. Reece, Post 30, Springfield ; J. Vosburg, 
Post 20, Aurora. 

1880 — T. G. Lawler, re-elected ; Rowley Page, Post 45, Gales- 
burg ; J. H. Collier, Post 70, Gibson City; J. B. Chase, Post 20, 
Aurora ; J. T. McMasters, Post 48, Batavia. 

1881 — J. H. Collier, J. B. Chase, re-elected ; Arthur Erbe, 
Post 9, Chicago ; S. Montooth, Post 37, Elmira ; J. H. Richard- 
son, Post 45, Galesburg. 

1882—1. S. Taylor, Post 55, Centralia ; D. D. Parry, Post 81, 
Kirkwood ; A. A. Singer, Post 9, Chicago ; F. O. White, Post 20, 
Aurora ; M. Hulett, Post 50, Chicago. 

1883— Enos Bond, Post 50, Chicago ; M. C. Mills, Post 171, 
Robinson ; L. C. Welsh, Post 28, Chicago ; Emmanuel Stover, 
Post 85, Lanark ; W. H. Chenoweth, Post 5, Chicago. 

1884 — Enos Bond, W. H. Chenoweth, re-elected; C. A. Car- 
michael. Post 81, Kirkwood ; Richard Rowett, Post 96, Quiucy ; 
Philip Sidney Post, Post 50, Chicago. 

1885— John C. Yates, Post 67, Peoria ; A. R. Mock, Post 436, 
Cambridge ; Alfred Wilson, Post 109, South Chicago ; J. W. 
Goudy, Post 393, Areola ; Thos. C. FuUerton, Post 156, Ottawa. 

1886— J. W. Goudy, re-elected ; C. R. E. Koch, Post 5, Chi- 
cago ; Wm. H. Derthick, Post 164, Belvidere ; A. Cantwell, Post 
171, Robinson ; F. M. Pickett, Post 454, Harrisburg. 

1887— C. R. E. Koch, re-elected; J. F. Harrell, Post 20, Au- 
rora ; E. D. Steen, Post 77, Danville ; Wm. Clendenin, Post 312, 
Moline ; E. R. Roberts, Post 450, Springfield. 

1888— Wm. Clendenin, re-elected; N. B. Thistlewood, Post 
349, Cairo ; J. F. Harral, Post 20, Aurora ; O. F. Avery, Post 105, 
Poutiac ; O. C. Town, Post 1, Rockford. 

MUSTER OF GENERAL SHERIDAN. 

General Philip H. Sheridan was mustered as a member of Geo. 
H. Thomas Post No. 5, Chicago, October 23, 1879. Dept. Com- 
34 



530 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

mauder E. D, Swain conducted the ceremonies and Chief Muster- 
ing Officer E. W. Chamberlain made the 1)adge presentation. 

This badge was always worn thereafter by General Sheridan 
when in uniform and on j)ul)lic occasions, and is shown on all his 
latest portraits. 

General Sheridan died at Nonquitt, Massachusetts, August 5, 
1888. As his family desired that the- funeral should ])e strictly 
a military one, the Grand Army of the Republic had no opjjor- 
tunity of showing the great love and respect of its members for 
their illustrious comrade. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

May 30th was made a legal holiday in Illinois by Act of the 
Legislature approved May 30, 1881. 

THE soldiers' HOME AT QUINCY. 

At the Department Encampment in 1884, a Committee consist- 
ing of Past Department Commanders H. Hilliard, E. D. Swain, J. 
W. Burst and T. G. Lawler, was appointed to obtain statistics as 
to the number of dependent soldiers in the State ; to memorialize 
the Legislature on the necessity of at once providing a Home for 
the comfort of these veterans, and to prepare a bill for the con- 
sideration of the Legislature covering the objects to be accom- 
plished, in order that a Home could be provided for a limited 
number of veterans at the earliest date. 

The committee was successful in obtaining from the Legisla- 
ture an appropriation of $200,000 for the construction of the 
l>uildings. Immediately on the bill becoming a law, the Governor 
appointed a committee on location who selected a site at Quincy, 
beautifully located, and containing about one hundred and forty 
acres of excellent land. The Governor then appointed a Board of 
Trustees, consisting of General Daniel Dustin, Sycamore, Illinois; 
Colonel L. T. Dickason, Danville, Illinois, and Major J. G. Eoav- 
land, Quincy, Illinois, who organized by electing General Dustin 
President, and Major Rowland, Secretary. The work of con- 
struction was begun in time to complete enough cottages to ac- 
commodate all veterans who were in the charitable institutions of 
tiie State before the severe cold of the lato fall came upon them. 

The Legislature of 188(3 and 1887 made an appropriation of 



Department of Michigan. 531 

$406,000 for additional cottages and maintenance until 1889, mak- 
ing the total appropriations for buildings $337,000; maintenance, 
1887, $45,000 ; 1888, $100,000 ; 1889, $124,500 ; total, $606,500. 

The number of inmates present, August 16, 1888, was 562. 
The cottages now under way will afford accommodations for 750 
men. 

The officers of the Home, 1888, are : J. G. Rowland, Superin- 
tendent ; S. B. Sherer, Adjutant ; B. H. Carnahan, Quartermaster; 
Dr. R. W. McMahon, Surgeon ; Jas. D. Morgan, Treasurer. 



I 



DEPARTMENT OF MICHIGAN. 

Brevet Brigadier-General William Humphrey, Colonel 2d 
Michigan Volunteer Infantry, was appointed Provisional Com- 
mander, Department of Michigan, October 1, 1867. He, with 
Comrade J. H, Fee, represented the Department at the Cincinnati 
Encampment, 1869. 

In 1871 the Adjutant-General reported that the Department of 
Michigan was in excellent condition, all reports and dues having 
been promptly made. 

No records, however, have been preserved of the early organi- 
zation, and the only roster of officers published in the Journals 
of the National Encampment was for the year 1871 : Department 
Commander, William Humphrey, Lansing, since deceased ; Senior 
Vice-Commander, J. C. Dickerson, Hillsdale ; Junior Vice-Com- 
mander, O. L. Spaulding, St. Johns ; Medical Director, Dr. S. S. 
I'rench, Battle Creek ; Chaplain, Rev, C. Van Dorn, Corunna ; 
Council of Administration — F. W. Swift, Detroit ; J. C. Danogh, 
Ovid ; R, D. Dix, Berrien Springs ; S. B. Smith, Adrian ; L. Sa- 
viers, Tecumseh ; Assistant Adjutant-General, Jas. W. King, Lan- 
sing ; Assistant Quartermaster-General, Samuel J. Mills, Lansing ; 
InsjDBctor, A. Cottrel.l, Lansing ; Judge-Advocate, R. B. Robins, 
Adrian. 

No returns were made to National Headquarters in 1872, -and 
later the Department was reported disorganized, and was dropped 
from the rolls of Departments. 

In 1875 a Post was organized at Coldwater, and on November 
19 of that year Captain D. B. Purinton was appointed Provisional 



532 Grand Akmy of the Republic. 

Commander of the Department ; Comrade John Mansfield, As- 
sistant Adjutant-General ; Jonas H. McGowan, Assistant Quarter- 
master-General ; 8. B. Kitchell, and D. P. Cushman, Council of 
Administration. C. A. Loomis Post No. 2 was organized at Quin- 
cv, January 22, 187(), and in February Comrade B. F. Clark, of 
that Post, was appointed Senior Vice-Department Commander. 

But little could be done at this time in organizing Posts in 
Michigan. In April, 1878, Major C. V. R. Pond succeeded Cap- 
tain Purinton as Provisional Commander. He established Head- 
quarters at Quincy, and appointed D. W. Sawyer, Assistant Adju- 
tant-General, and N. A. Reynolds, Assistant Quartermaster-General. 
By persisjbent work on the part of Comrade Pond a sufficient 
number of Posts were chartered to form the permanent Depart- 
ment at Grand Rapids, January 22, 1879. 

Meetings have been held and officers elected since the reor- 
ganization as follows : 

ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

I. January 22, 1879, Grand Rapids ; II. January, 1880, Grand 
Rapids; III. January 21, 1881, Quincy; IV. January 19, 1882, 
Muskegon ; V. January 18, 1883, Battle Creek ; VL January 23, 
1884, Detroit; VII. February 11, 1885, East Saginaw; VIII. 
April 21, 1886, Jackson ; IX. March IG, 1887, Grand Rapids ; X. 
March 14, 1888, Lansing. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1878, Provisional, C. V. R. Pond, Post 2, Quincy ; 1879, C. V. 
R. Pond (see Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Chapter XX) ; 
1880, A. T. McReynolds, Post 5, Grand Rapids ; 1881-82, Byron 
R. Pierce, Post 5, Grand Rapids ; 1883, O. A. Janes, Post 6, Hills- 
dale (see Inspector-General, Chapter XXIII) ; 1884, Rush J. 
Shank, Post 42, Lansing ; 1885, Chas. D. Long, Post 145, Flint ; 
1886, John Northwood, Post 172, New Lothrop ; 1887, L. G. 
Rutherford, Post 26, Hart ; 1888, Washington Gardner, Post 48, 
Jackson. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1878, Provisional, H. M. Bigelow ; 1879, H. M. Bigelow, Post 3, 
Moutague ; 1880, G. S. Bartholomew, Post 4, Reading; 1881, D. 



Department of Michigan. 533 

W. Sawyer, Post 2, Quincy ; 1882-83, Geo. E. Wright, Post 14, 
Benton Harbor ; 1884, M. A. Merrifield, Post 88, Union City ; 
1885, Geo. L. Fisher, Post 114, Fowlerville ; 1886, S. P. Hosraer, 
Post 140, Tecumseh ; 1887, W. W. Cook, Post 60, Leslie ; 1888, 
True Hart, Post 69, Midland. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1878, Provisional, S. B. Kitchell ; 1879, W. A. Palmer ; 1880, 
S. D. Murray, Post 7, Muskegon ; 1881, Dallas Johnson, Post 3, 
Montague ; 1882, *0. A. Janes ; 1883, J. M. Kellar, Post 38, East 
Saginaw ; 1884, M. H. Bumphrey, Post 72, Three Eivers ; 1885, 
H. F. Higgins, Post 170, Petoskey ; 1886, August Goebel, Post 
162, Detroit ; 1887, Thos. H. Williams, Post 48, Jackson ; 1888, 
Loren Roberts, Post 18, Traverse. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1879, N. J. Pierce, Post 4, Reading ; 1880, H. C. Stephenson, 
Post 5, Grand Rapids ; 1881, J. M. Cook, Post 7, Muskegon ; 1882, 
S. S. French, Post 34, Otsego ; 1883, R. J. Shank, Post 42, Lan- 
sing ; 1884, Horace Tupper, Post 67, Bay City ; 1885, Norman 
Johnson, Post 67, Bay City; 1886, L. A. Howard, Post 259, Litch- 
field ; 1887, C. P. Brown, Post 279, Spring Lake ; 1888, Wells B. 
Fox, Post 11, Bancroft. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1879, C. H. De Clute, Post 1, Coldwatex ; 1880, Samuel Par- 
ker ; 1881, William H. Miller, Post 13, Harbor Springs ; 1882, 
Sheldon Smith, Post 19, Bangor ; 1883, J. R. Savage, Post 86, 
Mancelona ; 1884, C. A. Munn, Post 28, Big Rapids ; 1885, Edw. 
P. Gibbs, Post 75, Grand Haven ; 1886, Chester D. Berry, Post 
105, Tekonsha ; 1887, Henry W. Thompson, Post 175, Escanaba ; 
1888, Wm. H. Miller, Post 61, Gaylord. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1878-79, Daniel W. Sawyer, Post 2, Quincy ; 1880, A. B. Car- 
rier, Post 5, Grand Rapids ; resigned April 15 ; succeeded by H. 

* To Department Commander. 



53-4 Grand Army of the IIepublic. 

H. Holton, Post 5, Grand Rapids, wlio served during 1881-82 ; 
1883, AVm. H. Tallman, Post 6, Hillsdale ; 1884, Geo. W. Stone, 
Post 42, Lansing ; 1885-86, Oscar F. Lochhead, Post 145, Flint ; 
1887, Win. E. Thorp, Post 26, Hart ; 1888, G. M. Devlin, Post 48, 
Jackson. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1878, W. H. Tliurber, Post 2, Quincy ; 1879, N. A. Reynolds, 
Post 1, Coldwater; 1880-81, Edwin Hoyt, Jr., Post 5, Grand 
Rapids ; 1882, Milo G. Randall ; resigned October 16 ; succeeded 
by C. B. Carpenter, Post 5, Grand Rapids ; 1883, F. K. Proctor, 
Post 6, Hillsdale ; 1884, A. Cottrell, Post 42, Lansing ; 1885-86, 
Ira H. Wilder, Post 145, Flint ; 1887, *Daniel Landon, Post 26, 
Hart ; died, while so serving, October 8, 1887 ; succeeded by 
Horace J. Holmes, Post 26, Hart'; 1888, Albert Dunham, Post 48, 
Jackson. 

INSPECTORS. 

1879, W. P. Innes, Post 5, Grand Rapids ; 1880, J. C. Smith, 
Post 5, Grand Rapids ; 1881-82, L. W. Heath, Post 5, Grand 
Rapids ; 1883, J. F. Barmore, Post 22, Buchanan ; 1884, Roscoe 
D. Dix, Post 39, Berrien Springs ; 1885, C. G. Hampton, Post 
17, Detroit ; 1886, Norman G. Cooper, Post 73, Sturgis ; 1887, 
C. C. Storrs, Post 280, North Muskegon ; 1888, Wm. Shakespeare, 
Post 79, Kalamazoo. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1879, S. B. Kitchell, Post 1, Coldwater ; 1880, R. P. Sinclair, 
Post 5, Grand Rapids ; 1881, L. W. Wolcott, Post 5, Grand Rapids ; 
1882, L. G. Rutherford, Post 26, Hart ; 1883, M. A. Merrilield, 
Post 88, Union City ; 1884, G. H. Penniman, Post 162, Detroit ; 
1885, Daniel Griffith, Post 48, Jackson ; 1886, S. B. Daboll, Post 
156, St. Johns ; 1887, Michael Brown, Post 294, Big Rapids ; 1888, 
B. F. Graves, Post 45, Adrian. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1879-80, H. H. Holton, Post 5, Grand Rapids ; 1881, George R. 
Wright, Post 14, Benton Harbor ; 1882, J. G. Todd, Post 20, Hart- 

* Deceased. 



Depabtment of Michigan. 535 

ford; 1883, A. M. Holt, Post 17, Detroit; 1884, E. H. Taylor, Post 
171, Vassar ; resigned March, 1884, succeeded by *Chas. D. Long, 
Post 145, Flint ; 1885, William G. Gage, Post 38, East Saginaw ; 
1886, C. O. Jennison, Post 83, Greenville; 1887, Eber Kice, Post 
5, Grand Eapids ; 1888, Edwin Hoyt, Jr., Post 5, Grand Eapids. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1879— A. T. McEeynoIds, Post 5, Grand Eapids ; J. E. Mess- 
more, Seth Ellis ; Daniel W. Sawyer, Post 2, Quincy ; H. H. 
Weaver, Post 1, Coldwater. 

1880— Daniel W. Sawyer, H. H. Weaver, re-elected ; J. W. Ma- 
son, Post 8, Alliugton ; D. Johnson, Post 3, Montague ; A, J. 
Bradford, Post 7, Muskegon. 

1881— A. J. Bradford, re-elected ; Jos. Keegan, Post 12, Deer- 
field ; O. A. Janes, Post 6, Hillsdale ; G. E. Wright, Post 14, Ben- 
ton Harbor ; H. C. Stephenson, Post 5, Grand Eapids. 

1882— A. M. Holt, Post 17, Detroit ; D. Johnson, Post 3, Mon- 
tague ; W. L. Eyan, Post 7, Muskegon ; L. M. Ward, Post 14, 
Benton Harbor ; Geo. Cook, Post 5, Grand Eapids. 

. 1883— B. F. Partridge, Post 67, Bay City ; D. W. Sawyer, Post 
2, Quincy ; J. G. Todd, Post 19, Bangor ; A. F. Temple, Post 7, 
Muskegon ; M. Chase, Post 34, Otsego. 

1881— J. H. Dennis, Post 125, Hastings ; A. W. Mills, Post 
140, Tecumseh ; G. E. Aiken, Post 67, Bay City ; A. J. Bradford, 
Post 7, Muskegon ; W. G. Gage, Post 38, East Saginaw. 

1885— G. E. Aiken, re-elected ; J. W. Eomeyn, Post 17, De- 
troit ; C. O. Jennison, Post 83, Greenville ; Albert Dunham, Post 
48, Jackson ; fj. D. Eonan, Post 76, Monroe. 

1886— G. A. Chase, Post 17, Detroit ; T. N. Stevens, Post 75, 
Grand Haven ; G. M. Buck, Post 79, Kalamazoo ; Edw. P. Gibbs, 
Post 75, Grand Haven ; L. H. Eipley, Post 183, Holly. 

1887— Louis Kanitz, Post 7, Muskegon ; B. F. Graves, Post 45, 
Adrian ; W. J. Daly, Post 216, Mt. Clemens ; Ira H. Wilder, Post 
145, Flint ; E. A. Parker, Post 17, Detroit. 

* To Department Commander t Deceased. 



533 Grand Army of the Ivepublic. 

1^388 — Louis Kaiiitz, R. A. Parker, re-elected ; G. W. Bucking- 
ham, Post 145, Flint ■,^\m. Jibb, Post 45, Adrian ; F. C. AVhipple, 
Post 98, Port Huron. 



STATE SOLDIERS HOME. 

In 1883, General William Shakespeare, Kalamazoo, Quarter- 
master-General of the State of Michigan, called public attention 
to the fact that many Michigan soldiers had been forced to seek 
shelter in almshouses. The Soldiers' and Sailors' Association 
of Southwestern Michigan adopted resolutions on this subject, 
and appointed a committee to confer with a committee of the 
Grand Army, and at the following Department Encampment, 
January, 1884, Comrade Eush J, Shank, Lansing, presented 
a resolution relative to the establishment of a Soldiers' and Sail- 
ors' Home, and a committee consisting of Colonel Eobt. F. Hill, 
Kalamazoo, Geo. P. Sanford, Lansing, and General Luther S. 
Trowbridge, Detroit, was appointed to seek Congressional aid. 
They soon ascertained that this could not be secured owing to 
the objections of the Board of Managers of the National Homes, 
and then Dr. Shank drafted a bill providing for the establishment 
of a State Home, which was presented in the Legislature by 
Comrade John Northwood, New Lathrop, a member of the House, 
later Department Commander. The bill was passed by the Leg- 
islature, and became a law by the approval of Governor R. A. 
Alger, June 5, 1885. 

One hundred thousand dollars were appropriated for build- 
ings, and $50,000 for maintenance in each of the years 1885, 
1886. 

A beautiful site for the Home, consisting of 132 acres, was 
purchased by citizens of Grand liapids at a cost of $16,500, and 
presented to the State for this purpose. 

The main building is 258 feet front, wdtli two wings, each 120 
feet deep, three stories high and a basement. This building Avas 
dedicated December 30, 1886, and was opened for the reception of 
inmates, January 1, 1887. The number of inmates, September, 
1888, was 421. 

The first Board of Managers consisted of Governor R. A. Al- 
ger, Chairman ; Colonel A. T. Bliss, Saginaw ; Colonel Samuel 
Wells, Buchanan ; General Byron R. Pierce, Grand Rapids ; Cap- 



Department of Wisconsin. 



537 



tain B. A. Remick, Detroit ; Hon. Michael Brown, Big Rapids ; 
Colonel Charles Y. Osburn, Marquette. 

Governor Cyrus G. Luce is now (1888) Chairman ex officio of 
the Board of Managers. General Byron R. Pierce, Past Depart- 
ment Commander, resigned as one of the Managers, and was ap- 
pointed Commandant of the Home. 



DEPARTMENT OF WISCONSIN. 



In 1865-66 the veterans of Wisconsin were organized, in the 
cities and larger towns of the State, as " Soldiers' and Sailors' 
Leagues." No State organ- 
ization was formed, each 
League acting independent- 
ly, but all had the same 
general objects ; the relief 
of indigent veterans, and to 
secure employment for and 
in other ways advance the 
interests of ex-soldiers and 
sailors. 

General J. K. Proudfit 
was President, and Geo. E. 
Rowell, Secretary, of the 
League, at Madison. The 
latter, on learning of the 
formation of a Post of the 
Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic in Illinois, wrote to Springfield for information, and received 
in reply copies of the constitution, accompanied with the request 
that an organization be effected in Wisconsin. These copies of 
the constitution were sent to officers of other Leagues, and corre- 
spondence was had with influential veterans in different parts of 
the State, which resulted in the issue of a call, signed by General 
Proudfit, for a Convention, on June 7, 1866, at Madison. On this 
date -a large and harmonious meeting was held. Colonel A. J. 
Bartlett was chosen President of the meeting and appointed the 
necessary committees. 




Qenerax, J.K. Proudfit. 



588 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Resolutions were iinanimousl}' adopted accepting the plans 
and organizations of the Grand Army of the Ilepul)lic, and urging 
the " Soldiers' and Sailors' Leagues " to organize thereunder, and 
requesting the Department Commander Avho should be elected 
to make the necessary arrangements for this purpose as sjDeedily 
as possible. 

The Committee on Resolutions, consisting of General T. S. 
Allen, Ca])taiu J. W. Tolford, Major Wood, Captain D. W. C. Wil- 
son and Captain Norris, reported a number of resolutions, which 
were adopted, among them the following : 

Resolved, That wc tender our grateful acknowledgment for the just and kindly 
spirit manifested by Congress in the passage of resolutions in favor of giving the 
preference in ai)pointment to positions of honor and protit within the gift of the 
National Government, other things being equal, to those who faithfully served in the 
Union army during the war of the rebellion, and for the recent circular of the Presi- 
dent of the United States of the same import, and that the propriety and justice of 
exercising such discrimination in the case of those who have been disabled while in the 
service of their country, are too obvious to be questioned. At the same time we disclaim 
any disposition on the part of the brave and patriotic men whom we represent, the vol- 
unteer soldiers of Wisconsin, to claim office as the reward of their services, or to place 
themselves in the i)osition of clamorous office seekers. They regard, as every true 
American should, the independence of private life and tlie prizes that wait upon in- 
dividual enterpri.ses in the industrial and business pursuits open to all in this free 
land as fffl'ering incentives to a worthy ambition preferable to tho.se offered by a 
greedy scramble for place and the favor of politicians, and they receive the fulsome 
flatteries and unsolicited promises of demagogues of whatever party that assumes 
that the soldiers who risked their lives in defense of their country are a horde of 
greedy office-seekers capable of being lured by promises of official patronage into the 
service of political tricksters, with feelings of profound disgust and indignation. 

The Committee on Permanent Organization presented a par- 
tial list of officers who were then elected, as follows : Department 
Commander, General J. K. Proudfit ; Council of Administration — 
General T. S. Allen, General J. M. Rusk, Colonel A. J. Jiartlett, 
Colonel E. A. Calkins ; Surgeon, L. H. Cary. Geo. F. Rowell was 
afterwards .selected as Adjutant-General and Edward Coleman, 
Quartermaster-General. 

The Ritual and work of the Grand Army of the Republic was 
explained by Robert M. Woods, Adjutant-General, Department of 
Illinois. 

General J. K. Proudfit, tlitis elected Department Commander, 
was in active service during the whole period of the war, serving 
from Private to Colonel. AVas bre vetted Brigadier-General to 
date March 13, 18G5. In 1873 he was appointed Surveyor-General 



Department of Wisconsin. 539 

of New Mexico, wliicli position he held four years. He is now 
living at Wyandotte, Kansas. Immediately after his election as 
Department Commander he entered on the work of organizing 
Posts in Wisconsin. The first Post was chartered at Madison, 
June 10, 1866, with the following charter-members : J. M. Tol- 
ford, Chas. G. Mayers, A. A. Meredith, H. C. Olney, F. Downs, 
Geo. H. Meissner, Louis Gootman, Charles H. Barton, Thomas 
Eeynolds, Henry Sandford, Lucius Fairchild, R. J. Chase, John 
Reynolds, Geo. F. Rowell, John Betts, S. E. Pearson, Jas. K. 
Proudfit. 

General Proudfit also issued the charter under which the 
present Post 2, Philadelphia, was organized. 

The Department of Wisconsin maintained its organization 
through all the trying period elsewhere referred to, elected offi- 
cers and made its returns each year, though at one time it was 
practically reduced to but three or four Posts. 

Post No. 4, Berlin, chartered September, 1866, has kept up its 
organization steadily from that date and undoubtedly is the oldest 
Post in the Order with an unbroken record. 

ANNUAL ENCAMPMENTS. 

Meetings of the Department have been held as follows : 

Convention, June 7, 1866, Madison ; I. June 19, 1867, Madi- 
son ; II. January 8, 1868, Madison ; III. January 27, 1869, Madi- 
son ; IV. January 26, 1870, Madison; V. January 11, 1871, 
Madison ; VI. January 17, 1872, Mihvaukee ; VII. January 14, 
1873, Berlin ; VIII. January 8, 1874, Milwaukee ; IX. January 
13, 1875, Milwaukee ; X. January 12, 1876, Milwaukee ; XI. Jan- 
uary 25, 1877, Oshkosh ; XIL January 24, 1878, Milwaukee ; 
XIIL January, 1879, Milwaukee ; XIV. January 21, 1880, Osh- 
kosh ; XV. January 25, 1881, Milwaukee ; XVI. January 26, 
1882, Milwaukee; XVIL January 23, 1883, Portage; XVIIL 
January 23, 1884, Janesville ; XIX. January 22, 1885, Madison ; 
XX. February 3, 1886, Milwaukee; XXL February 15, 1887, 
Milwaukee ; XXII. February 15, 1888, Milwaukee. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1866, J. K. Proudfit. Post 1, Madison ; 1867, H. A. Starr, Post 
9, Milwaukee ; 1868, J. M. Rusk, Post 1, Madison ; 1869-70, T. S. 



540 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Allen, Post 1, Madison ; 1871-72, Ed. Ferguson, Post 3, Milwau- 
kee ; resigned 1872, when elected Junior Yice-Commander-in- 
Chief (see Chapter XII) ; 1873, A. J. McCoy, Post 117, Beaver 
Dam ; 1874-75, Geo. A. Hannaford, Post 3, Milwaukee ; 1876, Jno. 
Hancock, Post 10, Oshkosh ; 1877, H. G. Rogers, Post 3, Milwau- 
kee ; 1878, S. F. Hammond, Post 2, Milwaukee ; 1879-81, Griff 
J. Thomas, Post 4, Berlin ; 1882, H. M. Enos, Post 19, AVaukesha ; 
1883-84, Philip Cheek, Jr., Post 9, Baraboo ; 1885, Jas. Davidson, 
Post 30, Sparta ; 1886, Lucius Fairchild, Post 11, Madison; re- 
signed when elected Commander-in-Chief (see Chapter XXV) ; 
Henry P. Fischer, Post 2, Milwaukee, Avas elected to fill the va- 
cancy ; 1887, M. Griffin, Post 52, Eau Claire ; 1888, A. G. Weis- 
sert, Post 1, Milwaukee. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, W. A. Bach, Post 4, Berlin ; 1868, C. L. Dering, Post 14, 
Portage ; 1869-70, *Ed. Ferguson ; 1871-72, *A. J. McCoy ; 1873, 
*G. A. Hannaford ; 1874, M. Larkins, Post 8, National Military 
Home, Milwaukee ; 1875, *Jno. Hancock ; 1876, *H. G. Rogers ; 
1877, Wm. Wall, Post 10, Oshkosh ; 1878, J. P. Luther, Post 4, 
Berlin ; 1879, J. M. Yanderhoff, Post 3, Darien ; 1880, C. D. Cleve- 
land, Post 10, Oshkosh ; 1881, Geo. C. Staff, Post 2, Milwaukee ; 
1882, J. M. Yanderhoff, Post 3, Darien ; 1883, R. J. Flint, Post 58, 
Menominee ; 1884, E. A. Calkins, Post 1, Milwaukee ; 1885, E. M. 
Rogers, Post 36, Yiroqua ; 1886, *H. P. Fischer ; 1887, B. F. Bry- 
ant, Post 38, La Crosse ; 1888, R. L. Wing, Post 155, Kewaunee. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, D. A. Read ; 1868, A. J. Langworthy, Post 9, Milwaukee ; 
1869, N. O. Adams ; 1870, fA. J. McCoy; 1871, J. M. Bull, Middle- 
town ; 1872, Jas. Bennett, Post 11, Madison ; 1873, A. L. Tucker, 
Post 4, Berlin ; 1874, Z. C. Hamilton, Post 4, Berlin ; 1875, fH. 
G. Rogers ; 1876, *G. J. Thomas ; 1877, A. G. Dinsmore, Post 4, 
Berlin ; 1878, Henry Bailey, Post 10, Oshkosh ; 1879-80, tG. C. 
Staff; 1881, fJ. M. Yanderhoff; 1882, J. H. AVordsworth, Post 21, 
AVaupaca ; 1883, E. W. Steele, Post 34, AYhitewater ; 1884, fE. M. 
Rogers; 1885, T. W. Haight, Post 19, AVaukosha; 188(5, J. P. Briggs, 
Post 55, AVarsaw ; 1887, Rol)ert luglis. Post 140, Bayfield ; 1888, 
Wm. A. Browne, Post 17, Racine. 



* To Department Commauder. f To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Department of Wisconsin. 541 

medical directors. 

1866, L. H. Gary ; 1869, J. B. G. Baxter ; 1870-72, A. J. Ward, 
Post 1, Madison ; 1873-74, S. L. Fuller, Post 3, Milwaukee ; 1875, 
W. A. Gordon, Post 10, Osbkosh ; 1876, J. H. Stearns, Post 8, 
National Home ; 1877-81, T. B. Eussell, Post 4, Berlin ; 1882, 
Henry Palmer ; 1883, J. G. Pelton, Post 39, Spring Green ; 1884, 
Alex. McBean, Post 68, Chippewa Falls ; 1885, F. W. Byers, Post 
102, Monroe ; 1886, Chas. Ottilie, Post 38, La Crosse ; 1887, *F. 
A. Marden, Post 2, Milwaukee ; died in office, September 24, 1887, 
succeeded by A. J. Ward, Post 11, Madison ; 1888, Almon Clark, 
Post 187, Sheboygan. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1870, J. H. McNees ; 1871, E. A. Ludwick, Soldiers' Home ; 
1872, Samuel Fallows, Post 3, Milwaukee ; now Bishop Reformed 
Episcopal Church, Chicago ; 1873, T. S. Johnson, Post 117, 
Beaver Dam ; 1874, Wm. Zickerick, Post 4, Berlin ; 1875-77, My- 
ron W. Reed, Post 3, Milwaukee (see Chaplain-in-Chief, Chapter 
XIY) ; 1878, Wm. Zickerick, Post 4, Berlin ; 1879, Chas. T. Susan, 
Post 4, Berlin ; 1880, Joel Clarke ; 1881, Chas. T. Susan, Post 4, 
Berlin ; 1882, J. H. Whitney, Post 13, Reedsburg ; 1883, A. C. 
Barry, Post 25, Lodi ; 1884, W. H. Hurd, Post 77, North La 
Crosse ; 1885, J, W\ Sanderson, Post 1, Milwaukee ; 1886, Wm. 
Zickerick, Post 130, Fond du Lac ; 1887-88, Wm. J. Fisher, Post 
220, Horicon. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1866, Geo. F. Rowell, Post 1, Madison ; 1867-70, J. M. Bull, 
Post 1, Madison ; 1871, Geo. R. Wright, Post 3, Milwaukee ; 1872, 
George A. Hanuaford, Post 3, Milwaukee ; 1873, A. M. Burns ; 
1874, W. F. Angevine, Post 3, Milwaukee ; 1875, S. W. Rhodes, 
Post 3, Milwaukee ; 1876, Wm. Wall, Post 10, Oshkosh ; 1877, S. 
F. Hammond, Post 2, Milwaukee ; 1878, M. Larkin, Post 8, Mil- 
waukee ; 1879-81, John D. Galloway, Post 4, Berlin ; 1882, F. H. 
Putney ; resigned ; succeeded by R. L. Gove, Post 19, Waukesha ; 
1883-84, J. H. Whitney, Post 9, Baraboo ; 1885-86, tPhilip Cheek, 
Jr., Post 9, Baraboo ; 1887, Geo. A. Barry, Post 52, Eau Claire ; 
1888, Edmund B. Gray, Post 138, Palmyra (see Adjutant-General, 
Chapter XXV). 

* Deceased. \ To Department Commander. 



542 Grand Army of the Republic. 

assistant quartermasters-general. 

1866-67, Edward Coleman, Post 1, Madison ; 1868-70, C. G. 
Mayers, Post 1, Madison ; 1871-74, H. G. Rogers, Post 3, Mil- 
waukee ; 1875, Samuel Martin, Post 3, Milwaukee ; 1876, R. J. 
AVeisbroed, Post 10, Oslikosk ; 1877-78, H. E. Blancliard, Post 3, 
Milwaukee ; 1879, Nathaniel Pierce, Post 4, Berlin ; 1880-81, Z. 
C. Hamilton, Post 4, Berlin ; 1882-83, Griff J. Thomas, Post 4, 
Berlin ; 1884, Herman Albrecht, Post 9, Baraboo ; 1885, L. M. 
Stevens, Post 30, Sparta ; 1886, Thos. Priestly, Post 125, Mineral 
Point ; 1887, Chas. W. Mott, Post 1, Milwaukee ; 1888, W. A. 
Wyse, Post 13, Reedsburg. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1871, Jno. F. Hanser, Alma ; 1875, C. D. Cleveland, Post 10, 
Oshkosh ; 1876, T. C. Ryan ; 1877, *Geo. B. Goodwin, Post 3, Mil- 
waukee ; 1879-80, Henry B. Harshaw, Post 10, Oshkosh ; 1881, 
H. D. Bullard, Delavan ; 1882, Geo. W. Bird, Post 26, Jefferson ; 
1883, Geo. Graham, Post 42, Tomah ; 1884, George W. Bird, Post 
26, Jefferson ; 1885-86, M. Griffin, Post 52, Eau Claire ; 1887, 
^\. H. Beebee, Post 11, Platteville ; 1888, C. D. Cleveland, Post 
10, Oshkosh. 

INSPECTORS. 

1869, A. J. McCoy, Beaver Dam ; 1871, G. J. Thomas, Post 4, 
Berlin ; 1880, Chas. Perkins, Post 8, National Home ; 1883, T. 
AV. Haight, Post 19, AVaukesha ; 1884-85, *A\'m. S. Stanley, Jr., 
Post 1, Milwaukee; 1886, Chas. E. Estabrook, Post 18, Mani- 
towoc ; 1887, L. Ferguson, Post 136, Brandon ; 1888, Geo. A. 
Barry, Post 52, Eau Claire. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1880, Henry P. Fischer, Post 2, Milwaukee ; 1882, Theron AA\ 
Haight, Post 19, AVaukesha ; 1883, L. O. Holmes, Post 9, Bara- 
boo ; 1884, Chas. N. Davis, Post 86, Merrillau ; 1885, J. AV. 
Currai), Post 11, 'Madison ; 1886, AV. A. AVyse, Post 13, Reeds- 
burg; 1887, James Alilcs, Post 13, Reedsburg ; 1888, E. D. Coe, 
Post 34, AVhitewater. 

* Deceased. 



Depaetment of Wisconsin. 543 

council op administration. 

1866— T. S. Allen, J. M. Rusk-, J. O. Bartlett, E. A. Calkins. 
1868— J. A. Kellogg, G. H. Otis, F. C. Winkler, D. C. Ayres. 

1869— M. H. Selious ; J. O. Bartlett, Post 17, Racine ; W. J. 
Kershaw, Post 1, Madison ; H. B. Harshaw, Post 10, Oslikosh ; 
J. A. Watrous, Post 130, Fond du Lac. 

1870-71 — W. J. Kershaw, re-elected ; Lucius Fairchild, Post 1, 
Madison ; W. A. Gordon, Post 10, Oshkosh ; J. M. Rusk, Post 1, 
Madison ; C. W. Foster, Post 130, Fond du Lac. 

1872— L. Fairchild, W. J. Kershaw, J. M. Rusk, re-elected ; M. 
Larkin, Post 8, National Home, Milwaukee ; A. Tyler. 

1873— M. Larkin, re-elected ; W. F. Angevine, Post 3, Milwau- 
kee ; W. G. Bennett. 

1874 — James Bennett, Post 1, Madison ; H. G. Rogers, Post 3, 
Milwaukee ; J. P. Luther, Post 4, Berlin ; M. O. Reagen, Post 8, 
National Home, Milwaukee ; T. S. Allen, Post 10, Oshkosh. 

1875— Z. C. Hamilton, Post 4, Berlin ; Wm. W^all, Post 10, 
Oshkosh ; T. W. Lynch, Post 8, National Soldiers' Home, Mil- 
waukee ; Byron G. Singer and F. G. Wehe, Post 3, Milwaukee. 

1876— H. B. Harshaw, Post 10, Oshkosh ; E. A. Calkins, Post 
2, Milwaukee ; Geo. W. Beard, Post 3, Milwaukee ; Z. C. Hamil- 
ton, Post 4, Berlin. 

1877— H. B. Harshaw, re-elected ; C. O. Jennison, Post 2, Mil- 
waukee ; Griff J. Thomas, Post 4, Berlin ; Chas. W. Felker, Post 
10, Oshkosh ; Geo. Heywood, Post 3, Milwaukee. 

1878-79— Wm Shallock, Post 2, Milwaukee ; H. A. Valentine, 
Post 3, Milwaukee ; S. J. Ellis, Jr., Post 4, Berlin ; M. O. Reagen, 
Post 8, National Home, Milwaukee ; C. D. Cleveland, Post .10, 
Oshkosh. 

1880— L. T. Nichols, Post 4, Berlin ; F. W. Follett, Post 10, 
Oshkosh ; M. Larkin, Post 8, National Home ; Thos. Boland, Post 
2, Milwaukee ; Rodney Seaver, Darien. 

1881— C. L. Bering, Post 14, Portage ; Lyton Flynn, J. H. Eis- 
ner, E. Dewey, J. C. Higgins. 



544 Grand Army of the Republic. 

1882— C. L. Dering, re-elected ; J. W. Cochrau ; Philip Cheek, 
Jr., Post 9, Bar.iboo ; Geo. Graham, Post 42, Tomah ; J. A. AVat- 
rous, Post 1, Milwaukee. 

1883 — C. L. Dering, J. A. Watrous, re-elected ; H. B, Har- 
shaw, Post 10, Oshkosh ; E. M. Rogers, Post 36, Yiroqua ; S. C. 
Cobb, Post 20, Janesville. 

1884^H. B. Harshaw, re-elected; W. H. Bennett, Post 11, 
Madison ; W. S. Stanley, Jr., Post 1, Milwaukee ; C. M. Butt, Post 
36, Viroqua ; Geo. C. Ginty, Post 68, Chippewa Falls. 

1885 — Geo. C. Ginty, re-elected ; W. A. Wyse, Post 13, Reeds- 
burg ; Geo. E. Smith, Post 17, Racine ; H. P. Fischer, Post 2, 
Milwaukee ; D. Gr James, Post 33, Richland. Centre, 

1886—0. B. Chester, Post 61, New Lisbon ; W. H. Blyton, 
Post 30, Sparta ; E. I. Kidd, Post 134, Bloomington ; F. A. Mar- 
den, Post 2, Milwaukee ; S. D. Blake, Post 92, Black River Falls. 

1887 — Wm. Steinmeyer, Post 2, Milwaukee ; Geo. B. Carter, 
Post 66, Platteville ; W. H. H. Cash, Post 61, New Lisbon ; E. G. 
Harlow, Post 20, Janesville ; D. J. Dill, Post 189, Prescott. 

1888— C. B. Welton, Post 11, Madison ; P. J. Schlosser, Post 
2, Milwaukee ; C. K. Pier, Post 130, Fond du Lac ; C. H. Russell, 
Post 4, Berlin ; S. F. Veeder, Post 59, Mauston. 

Legislation. 

grand army badge. 

By Aot approved April 11, 1887, it is made a misdemeanor to 
wear the badge of the Grand Army of the Republic, unless enti- 
tled thereto, under penalty of imprisonment in the county jail for 
not more than thirty days, or by fine not exceeding $20, or by 
both such fine and imprisonment. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

Memorial Day was made a legal holiday in Wisconsin, in 1879. 

BURIAL OF DECEASED VETERANS. 

By Act approved April 8, 1887 : 

It shall be the duty of the town board of supervisors of the several towns, the 
trustees of each village, and the aldermen of each ward in every city, in this State, to 



Department of Wisconsin. 545 

look after and cause to be interred in a decent and respectable manner, in any ceme- 
tery or burial ground within this State, other than those used exclusively for the 
burial of the pauper dead, at au expense to the county not to exceed thirty-five dol- 
lars, the body of any honorably discharged ex-Union soldier, sailor or marine, who 
shall have at any time served in the army or navy of the United States, and who 
shall hereafter die, not leaving means sufficient to defray the necessary expenses of a 
decent funeral and burial, or who shall die in indigent circumstances where the fam- 
ily of such soldier, sailor or marine would be distressed by defraying the expenses of 
such funeral or burial. 

The County Board is required to make application to the 
General Government for a suitable headstone, and cause the same 
to be placed, at the expense of the county, at the head of such de- 
ceased soldier's, sailor's or marine's grave. 

RELIEF. 

By Act approved April 2, 1887, a tax must be levied in each 
county, not exceeding one-fifth of one mill, for the relief of indi- 
gent Union soldiers, sailors and marines, and the indigent wives, 
widows and minor children of indigent or deceased veterans. 

The law provides that these funds shall be disbursed by a Sol- 
diers' Relief Commission appointed by the County Judge in each 
county, " and no honorably discharged soldier, sailor or marine 
shall be sent to a poorhouse in Wisconsin, but that suitable pro- 
vision shall be made for them by the Relief Commission." 

STATE soldiers' HOME. 

At the Department Encampment held in Milwaukee February 
15, 1887, Department Commander Henry P. Fischer urged action 
in establishing a State Veterans' Home. 

By direction of the Encampment a bill for this purpose was at 
once introduced in the Legislature, and was speedily passed by 
that body. The Encampment deemed it best not to ask the State 
to appropriate money for building a Home, but simply to make 
provision for its maintenance when one should be established by 
the Grand Army of the Republic. 

The bill, as approved April 14, 1887, appropriated the sum of 
three dollars per week for each inmate. Destitute soldiers, sail- 
ors and marines, residents of the State of Wisconsin, who cannot 
be received into any National Home, and " such destitute women, 
residents of the State, as were wives of Union soldiers, sailors or 
35 



546 Grand Army of the Republic. 

marines during tlie time of the civil war," are eligible to admis- 
sion. 

The city of Waupaca donated a tract of land known as Green- 
wood Park, containing seventy-seven acres, beautifully located in 
the chain of lakes three miles from that city. It is valued at 
$15,000. The hotel building on the place required only heating 
apparatus and furniture to make it immediately available. Pos- 
session was obtained October 1, 1887, and early in November the 
first inmates were received. 

The Posts of the Department, the Woman's Relief Corps, and 
a number of patriotic citizens, promptly contributed over $5,000 
to make the necessary changes and erect several cottages. The 
plan adopted of erecting small cottages, costing not over $250 
each, has enabled a number of the Posts and Corps to build 
special cottages. 

Dr. F. A. Marden, one of the original corporators, was elected 
President of the Board, and died while so serving. 

The present Board of Trustees are J. H. Marston, President ; 
A. O. Wright, Secretary; Benj. F. Bryant, Treasurer ; A. G. Weis- 
sert, Department Commander ; R. N. Roberts, J. N. Woodworth 
and W. D. Crocker. 



DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI. 

In July, 1865, an association was formed in St. Louis under 
the title "Volunteer Mutual Aid Society." Its principal purjjose 
being to secure employment for honorably discharged Union sol- 
diers and sailors who at this time were returning in large num- 
])ers, almost all seeking work and, with the exception of cases of 
absolute destitution and want, declining charity. 

The managers of the society were Mayor Jas. S. Thomas, 
Colonel R. J. Rombauer, Dr. Spiegelhalter, Dr. Linton, Colonel 
Henry Flad, Major F. T. Ledergerber, Colonel Jos. Weydemeier, 
Gen. J. McNeil, Dr. Philip Weigel, Judge Thos. J. Dailey, Gen. 
J. li. Gray, Hon. Geo. Partridge, Col. Philip Murphy, Col. Chas. G. 
Stifel and Captain F. Leser. Up to April 6, 1887, this associa- 
tion had obtained })ositions for 1,803 veterans, and there being no 
pressing necessity for further united work, the association was 



Department of Missouri. 547 

dissolved and the balance of funds on liand transferred to the 
Soldiers' Orphan Home in St. Louis. 

The date of the formation of the first Post in Missouri cannot 
now be stated, but the records show that General John McNeil, 
St. Louis, was appointed Provisional Commander in July, 1866, 
and Colonel F. T. Ledergerber, Adjutant-General. In August, 
General Chester Harding, Jr., succeeded Colonel Ledergerber, and 
Chas. Kantriner was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General, He 
resigned some time later, and Alex. Lowry, also of St. Louis, was 
appointed his successor. 

One of the most efficient Posts in the interior of the State was 
organized October 1, 1866, in Kirksville, Adair county, in North- 
east Missouri, a town of decided Union proclivities. Dr. R. H. 
Browne was elected Post Commander, and with other members of 
this Post organized a number of Posts in that section. The Post 
was maintained until 1871, and was reorganized in 1880. In that 
year a large reunion of Union soldiers was held there, lasting four 
days. Another successful reunion was held in 1885. 

The Department was organized on May 7, 1867, General Carl 
Schurz, Grand Commander. A large number of Posts were 
formed during the year. The membership was largely composed 
of men who had entered the Federal service in April and May, 
1861, and by the capture of Camp Jackson, kept St. Louis and 
Missouri in the Union, and so secured the first great success in 
the war. 

The excited political disputes between President Johnson and 
Congress, in 1867-68, led to an intense feeling on the subject in 
Missouri, and the members of the Grand Army there, strong in 
their political convictions, believed that another civil war was 
impending, and that it was their duty as Union soldiers to express 
their opinions in positive terms. 

At a representative meeting of the different divisions and Posts 
of the Grand Army, held at Central Turner Hall, St. Louis, De- 
partment Commander General Carl Schurz presiding, Comrade R. 
J. Rombauer, by unanimous instruction from the Second Division, 
presented resolutions stating that the final sovereignty of this 
nation rests in Congress then defending the results and fruits of 
the late war, and in case of an open breach with the President, 
the Grand Army of Missouri pledges its unconditional support 
to the American Congress. These resolutions were unanimously 
adopted. 



0-13 Grand Army of the Republic. 

On May 14, 1808, a Department Encampment was held and the 
foHowing oliicers were elected : Grand Commander, R. J. llom- 
bauer ; Senior Vice-Commander, Joseph W. McClurg ; Junior 
Vice-Commander, "William J. Pile ; Surgeon-General, Jos. Spie- 
gelhalter ; Chaplain, Francis Romer ; Assistant Adjutant-General, 
John O. Schoener ; Assistant Quartermaster-General, Philip H. 
Murphy ; Council of Administration — John S, Cavender, John 
McFalf, G. A. Finkelnburg, E. L. King and D. P. Dyer. 

Later Chas. V. Soden succeeded Comrade Schoener as Assist- 
ant Adjutant-General. The Department was divided into Dis- 
tricts, with competent officers, and everything was done to make 
the Department thoroughly efficient. 

There were at this time twelve Posts in St. Louis, fourteen 
in St. Louis county and eighty-three in other Districts — one hun- 
dred and nine Posts in all. 

On Memorial Day, May 30, 1869, the Posts of St. Louis made 
an imposing demonstration in decorating the graves of the dead. 
Deijartment Commander Rombauer, referring to this, said : " It 
may be -considered a new era that in the midst of a community 
once the scene of civil war, the newspaper press, without dis- 
tinction of political creed, swayed its influential powers to cele- 
brate the occasion of paying the tribute of gratefulness to the 
fallen patriots to whom we owe the victory of the cause of 
humanity, the peace of the country and the prosperity of the 
nation." 

Notwithstanding the interest displayed in the Grand Army in 
these early years it soon began to decline. No reports were made 
to National Headquarters after 1871, and the Department organ- 
ization was subsequently abandoned. 

In 1875 efforts were made to reorganize several of the Posts, 
and Captain T. E. Lonergan, St. Louis, was appointed Provisional 
Commander. He removed to New York in the fall of that year, 
and Comrade Ford Smith was appointed his successor, but there 
was not sufficient encouragement to continue these efforts and 
they were given up for several years. 

REORGANIZATION. 

Comrade J. C. Walkinshaw, commanding Department of Kan- 
sas, then on the postal route from Leavenworth to St. Louis, 
undertook the work of organizing a Post in the latter city. At a 



Department of Missouri. 549 

meeting for tlie purpose, held on December 8, 1879, in Governor 
Fletcher's office in St. Louis, Comrade Walkinshaw, assisted by 
Comrades F. R. Potter and J. B. Pachall, mustered John Reed, 
Thomas B. Rodgers and Stillman O. Fish, and at a second meeting, 
a week later, added J. W. Francis, Robert B. Beck, G. Harry Stone 
and John O'Connell. These comrades, with Geo. G» Chase, Rich- 
ard Mollencott, F. R. Potter and J. B. Pachall, on transfer, were 
formally m.ustered as Frank P. Blair Post No. 1, January 8, 1880. 
Later Lewis Moore, E. M. Joel, B. Seaman and A. Dreifus were 
mustered, completing the list on the charter. 

On April 24th, General John S. Cavender, St. Louis, was ap- 
pointed Provisional Commander for the Department ; David Mur- 
phy, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

It was exceedingly hard work to obtain a foot-hold for the 
organization in the State, and required two years of time to secure 
the muster of the number of Posts required to form a Depart- 
ment. 

On April 22, 1882, a convention to organize the Department 
was held at Kansas City, with representatives of nine Posts pres- 
ent : Post 1, St. Louis ; Post 2, St. Louis ; Post 4, Kansas City ; 
Post 7, St. Joseph ; Post 8, Kansas City ; Post 9, Kansas City (a 
colored Post which soon disbanded); Post 10, Rich Hill ; Post 11, 
Lexington ; Post 12, Grant City. 

Major William Warner, Commander of Geo. H. Thomas Post 
No. 8, Kansas City, was elected Department Commander and 
served two years, having chartered over 160 Posts, with a mem- 
bership in good standing of 6,696. 



MUSTER OP GENERAL W. T. SHERMAN. 

On December 9, 1883, a charter was issued for Ransom Post 
No. 131, St. Louis. The application for charter was headed with 
the signature of General W. T. Sherman, who had then been re- 
tired as General, United States Army, and had settled at his old 
home in St. Louis. 

The ceremonies of muster-in, on December 19, 1883, were at- 
tended by Department Commander Warner and Staff, and com- 
rades from a number of Posts in the Department. 

General Sherman was elected Post Commander and served the 
remainder of that term. He has each year since been unanimously 



550 Grand Army of thk Republic. 

elected Representative-nt-large from the Department of Missouri 
to the Natioual Eucampment. 

ANNUAL HEETINGS OF THE DEPARTMENT. 

I. April 22, 1882, Kansas City ; II. March 22, 1883, St. Jo- 
seph ; III. April 10, 1881, St. Louis ; IV. March 4, 1885, Kansas 
City; y. February 17, 1886, Mexico; VI. February 2, 1887, Spring- 
field ; VII. March 14, 1888, Trenton. 

DEPARTMENr COMMANDERS. 

1881, Provisional, John S. Cavender, Post 1, St. Louis ; 1882- 
83, William Warner, Post 8, Kansas City (see Commander-in- 
Chief, Chapter XXVI) ; 1884, W. F. Chamberlain, Post 43, Han- 
nibal ; 1885-86, Nelson Cole, Post 1, St. Louis (see Senior Vice- 
Commander-in-Chief, Chapter XXVI) ; 1887, E. E. Kimball, Post 
26, Nevada ; 1888, Hiram Smith, Jr., Post 17, Cameron. 

SENIOR YICE-COMMANDERS. 

1882, David Murphy, Post 1, St. Louis ; 1883, J. S. Sterrett, 
Post 7, St. Joseph ; 1884, *Nelson Cole ; 1885, C. W. Whitehead, 
Post 8, Kansas City; 1886, *E. E. Kimball ; 1887, *Hiram Smith, 
Jr. ; 1888, John E.'Phelps, Post 69, Springfield. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1882, t J. ^. Sterrett ; 1883, *AV. F. Chamberlain ; 1884, S. E. 
W^etzell, Post 16, Carthage ; 1885, fE. E. Kimball ; 1886, fHiram 
Smith, Jr. ; 1887, fJohn E. Phelps ; 1888, Leo Rasseur, Post 1, 
St. Louis. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1882-83, C. W. Fitzpatrick, Post 3, Kansas City ; 1884, Chas. 
W. Scott, Post 3, Kansas City. ; 1885, N. S. Richardson, Post 23, 
Macon ; 1886-88, A. Van Meter, Post 34, Lamar. 



• To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Department of Missouri. 551 

chaplains. 

1882, S. G. Bundy, Post 10, Kich Hill ; 1883, H. C. Weaver, 
Post 4, Kausas City; 1881-87, Jno. S. Ferguson, Post 6, Jefferson 
City ; 1888, T. J. Ferril, Post 7, St. Joseph. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1882, Nat. M. Gwynne, Post 4, Kansas City; resigned Septem- 
ber 29 ; succeeded by Albion P. Pease, Post 3, Kansas City; 1883, 
Albion P. Pease ; 1884, C. N. Clark, Post 43, Hannibal ; 1885-86, 
John McNeil, Post 1, St. Louis ; 1887-88, Thomas B. Eodgers, 
Post 1, St. Louis. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1882, H. W. Turner, Post 11, Lexington ; 1883, A. E. Dana, 
Post 4, Kansas City; 1884, E. G. Granville, Post 8, Kansas City; 
1885-86, John McNeil (also Assistant Adjutant-General); 1887-88, 
Thos. B. Eodgers (also Assistant Adjutant-General). 

INSPECTORS. 

1882-83, Christian Stawitz, Post 1, St. Louis; 1884, Pt. H. 
Browne, Post 22, Kirksville ; 1885-86, Arthur Dreifus, Post 1, 
St. Louis ; 1887, O. P. Smith, Post 3, Kansas City; 1888, Chas. L. 
Pixley, Post 8, Kansas City. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1882, Thos. C. Fletcher, Post 2, St. Louis ; 1883, W. J. Terrell, 
Post 50, Harrisonville ; 1884-86, Ira K. Alderman, Post 21, 
Maryville ; 1887, Ezra J. Smith, Post 53, Sedalia ; 1888, W. J. 
Terrell, Post 50, Harrisonville. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1882, Thos. Phelan, Post 8, Kansas City ; 1883, John M. Arm- 
strong, Post 7, St. Joseph ; 1884, J. H. Decker, Post 43, Hanni- 
bal ; 1885-87, C. C. Gardiner, Post 1, St. Louis ; 1888, Thos. W. 
Evans, Post 7, St. Joseph. 



552 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

council of administration. 

1882— P. V. Wise, Post 7, St. Joseph ; W. J. Sparks, Post 12, 
Grant City ; H. AY. Turner, Post 11, Lexington ; G. B. Huckeby, 
Post 10, Kicli Hill ; H. J. Stierlin, Post 2, St. Louis. 

1883— H. L. Tillottson, Post 26, Nevada ; Frank M. Posegate, 
Post 7, St. Joseph ; S. G. Irwin, Post 16, Carthage ; Thos. B. Rod- 
gers, Post 1, St. Louis ; D. P. Dobyns, Post 45, Oregon. 

1884 — C. W. Whitehead, Post 8, Kansas City ; John M. Arm- 
strong, Post 7, St. Joseph ; Chas. F. Vogel, Post 1, St. Louis ; 
Fred. J. Wiseman, Post 20, Louisiana ; Thos. Wolfe, Post 34. 
Lamar. 

1885— W. F. Cloud, Post 53, Sedalia ; Cyrus M. Eversol, Post 
69, Springfield ; H. W. Tu-ner, Post 11, Lexington ; J. A. Wilde, 
Post 215, Bonne Terre ; A. Willhartitz, Post 13, St. Louis. 

1886 — A. Willhartitz, re-elected ; J. C. Smith, Post 3, Kansas 
City ; Joseph Wisby, Post 225, Marshfield ; A. Helphenstein, Post 
75, Greenfield ; W. H. Day, Post 239, Mexico. 

1887— H. C. Weaver, Post 4, Kansas City ; T. S. Maxwell, Post 
1, St. Louis ; D. E. Shea, Post 239, Mexico ; J. R. Milner, Post 
69, Springfield ; W. H. Farris, Post 48, Lebanon; 

1888 — J. W. Jenkins, Post 8, Kansas City ; A. Helphenstein, 
Post 75, Greenfield ; B. F. Heiny, Post 22, Kirksville ; M. Wetz- 
ler, Post 72, Trenton ; J. S. Rogers, Post 17, Cameron. 



DEPARTMENT OF IOWA. 

An organization of veterans Avas effected in Davenport in the 
fall of 1865, under the title of the " Old Soldiers' Association of 
Scott County, Iowa." 

Brevet Brigadier-General Addison H. Sanders, Lieiitenant- 
Colouel 16th Iowa Infantry, was President, and Captain N, N. 
Tyner, now of Fargo, Dakota, Secretary. 

The Association was merged into the Grand Army of the Re- 
public as Post No. 1, Davenport, Department of Iowa. 

Early in July, 1866, General Sanders visited Dr. Stephenson at 



Department of Iowa. 



553 




Springfield, Illinois, was 
then instructed in the work, 
provided with copies of the 
Ritual and Constitution, 
and authorized to organize 
Posts. 

A charter was issued, 
dated July 12, 1866, signed 
B. F. Stephenson, Com- 
manding Department of 
Illinois, and Robert M. 
Woods, Adjutant-General, 
to General Add. H. San- 
ders, Colonel Robert M. 
Littler, General J. B. 
Leake, Lieutenant O. S. General A. H. Sandeks. 

McNeil, Captain N. N. Tyner, Lieutenant-Colonel T. J. Saunders, 
A. P. Alexander, Captain A. T. Andreas, Captain John G. Caven- 
dish and J. W. Moore. 

A meeting was held in Davenport, July 24, 1866, to organize 
Post No. 1, and at the same time the Provisional Department was 
formed with General Sanders as Commander ; N. N. Tyner, Adju- 
tant-General ; Rufus L. Blair, Assistant Adjutant-General, and 
A. T. Andreas, Quartermaster-General. A circular was at once 
mailed to all parts of the State, stating that such an organization 
of old soldiers had been formed, that, " like a prairie-fire, it has 
run over certain States in the Northwest, and now this fire is be- 
ing kindled in Iowa." 

On Septeinber 15, 1866, a sufficient number of Posts having 
been organized for the purpose. General Sanders issued General 
Orders No. 2, calling a special meeting of the Department, on 
September 26, at Davenport, to organize a permanent Depart- 
ment. 

Delegates were present from Post 1, Davenport ; Post 3, Iowa 
City ; Post 5, Clinton ; Post 6, Lyons ; Post 7, Dubuque ; Post 9, 
Wilson ; Post 14, Muscatine ; Post 16, Grinnell ; Post 19, Des 
Moines ; Post 21, Floyd ; Post 26, Boonsboro'; Post 28, Coman- 
che ; Post 43, Sabula ; Post 45, Bellevue. 

At the second Encampment, held at Davenport, April 10, 1867, 
the Adjutant-General reported ninety-five Posts organized, but at 
the next Encampment, January 8, 1868, only eight Posts were rep- 



554 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

resented out of 130 then chartered. In 1870, the aggregate 
strength of the Department was reported as " not to exceed 500 
members." 

By General Orders from National Headquarters, dated Febru- 
ary 5, 1871, the Posts in Iowa were instructed to report direct ; 
and the Department organization was dissolved. 

Post No. 1, at Davenport, alone of all the Posts in Iowa, held 
its charter, though not meeting regularly, elected its officers each 
term and attended to the duties of Memorial Day. 

Meetings of the Department were held during this period as 
follows : 

I. September 26, 1866, Davenport ; II. April 10, 1867, Daven- 
port ; III. January 8, 1868, Davenport ; lY. August 4, 1869, 
Davenport. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1863, Provisional, Add. H. Sanders ; 1866, September 26, J. B. 
Leake, Davenport ; 1867, W. T. Shaw, Anamosa ; 1868, J. A. Wil- 
liamson, Des Moines ; 1869, Elliott W. Eice, Oskaloosa. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1866, G. L. Godfrey, Des Moines ; 1867, John Bruce, Keokuk ; 
1868, J. C. Stone, Burlington ; 1869, William Yandever. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, Joseph Lyman, Council Bluffs; 1868, A. C. Blizzard, 
Wilson ; 1869, W. II. Ackers, Marengo. 

MEDICAL DIRECTOR. 

1866, Geo. M. Staples, Dubuque. 

CHAPLAIN. 

1866, Eev. A. B. Kendig, Marshalltown. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1866, N. N. Tyner, Davenport ; 1867-69, A. H. Brooks, Daven- 
port. 



Department of Iowa. 555 

assistant quartermasters-general. 

1866-67, A. T. Andreas, Davenport ; 1868-69, H. F. Leib, Ma- 
rengo. 

REORGANIZATION. 

Early in 1872 an eftbrt was made from National Headquarters 
to re-establish the Order in Iowa. J. N. Coldron, Iowa City, was 
appointed Provisional Commander ; E. G. Fracker, Assistant Ad- 
jutant-General. 

Torrence Post No. 2, was organized at Keokuk, April 18, 1872, 
with sixteen charter-members. Joseph E. Griffith, of this Post, 
was appointed Senior Vice-Department Commander, and repre- 
sented the Department in the Sixth National Encampment. 
Commander Coldron was, on February 16th, 1874, relieved at his 
own request, and General J. C. .Parrott, of Keokuk, one of the 
best known veterans in the State, was appointed to the vacancy, 
with L. S. Tyler, Post 2, Keokuk, Assistant Adjutant-General, and 
W. B. Collins, of the same Post, as Assistant Quartermaster-Gen- 
eral, who was later succeeded by L. W. Huston. Other changes 
were made in the Provisional Staff : J. C. Stone, Post 5, Burling- 
ton, was appointed Senior Vice-Department Commander, and Chas. 
Werner, Post 1, Davenport, Junior Vice-Commander. Council of 
Administration— A. G. McQueen, Post 2 ; W. H. Rockford, Post 
1 ; A. A. Perkins, Post 5 ; Frank Kyte, Post 182 ; J. E. Johnson, 
Post 2. 

Though only three Posts — 1, 2 and 5 — had reported for the 
quarter ending December 31, 1874, the Provisional Department 
was called to meet at Keokuk, January 31, 1875. The officers 
made formal reports, and the few but earnest members present 
determined to maintain the organization. 

While they thus kept up all the forms of organization, not 
much progress had been made when the next Encampment was 
held at Keokuk, January 12, 1876. Commander Parrott tendered 
his resignation, stating that a younger man and one with more 
leisure than himself should be appointed, and that he had recom- 
mended to Commander-in-Chief Hartranft, as his successor, Com- 
rade J. C. Stone, of Post 5, Burlington, who was then appointed, 
with A. A. Perkins, Post 5, Assistant Adjutant-General, and Ed. 
L. Hobart, Assistant Quartermaster-General. 

In September, 1876, Commander Stone resigned, and was sue- 



556 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

ceeded by Comrade A. A. Perkins, with Comrade L. S. Tyler, 
Keokuk, as Heuior Yice-Commauder ; AV. T. A^irgin, Burlington, as 
Junior Vice-Commander ; Kobt. Spencer, Assistant Adjutant-Gen- 
eral, and Tbos. E. Acres, Assistant Quartermaster-General, the 
latter being later relieved by ^\. H. Perkins, Post 5, 

In October of this "year, Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief J. 
S. Reynolds visited several places in the central part of the State 
and reported an encouraging outlook for the formation of Posts. 

Provisional Commander Perkins entered earnestly into the 
work of organization. He convened the Department at Burling- 
ton, January 12, 1877, when the officers .above named were re- 
elected or re-appointed, with the addition of Comrades Y^m. Hor- 
ner, Thos. J. Hedges and H. G. Rising as a Council oi Adminis- 
tration. Comrade W. H. Perkins afterwards resigned as Assistant 
Quartermaster-General, and was succeeded by J. L. Kelly, Post 5, 
Burlington. 

Another meeting of the Provisional Department was held in 
Burlington, January 19, 1878. H. E. Griswold, of Post 6, Atlan- 
tic, was elected Senior Yice-Commander, and Comrades Wm. 
Horner, Thos. J. Hedges, AYm. Hummell, Ed. L. Hobart, of Post 
5, and J. M. Haver, Post 6, Council of Administration, Comrade 
Perkins still serving as Commander. Comrade Griswold soon 
after organized Posts at Marne, Bedford and Clarinda, and when a 
sufficient number of Posts had been thus organized, the Encamp- 
ment was convened at Des Moines, January 23, 1879, to form a 
permanent Department. 

A semi-annual Encampment was held at Des Moines, Septem- 
ber 2, 1879, when an address was delivered by General John A. 
Logan. Comrade J. K. Powers, Assistant Adjutant-General, was 
delegated to meet General Grant at San Francisco on his return 
from his trip around the world, and tender him a Grand Army 
escort through Iowa on his way east. 

General Grant reached Council Bluffs November 3d, was met 
by Department Commander Griswold and staff, with other mem- 
bers of the Grand Army of the Republic, and by Governor Gear 
and citizens of the State, and by them was escorted to Bur- 
lington. 

Eleven Posts were organized during this year, and thereafter 
the l)ei)artment gained rapidly in Posts and members, each year 
showing a decided increase over the year previous. 



Department of Iowa. 557 

Annual Meetings of the Department have been held since its 
reorganization, as follows : 

February 4, 1880 ; January 27, 1881 ; February 23, 1882 ; and 
April 4, 1883, at Des Moines; April 23, 1884, Marshalltown; April 
22, 1885, Davenport; April 7, 1886, Sioux City; April 20, 1887, Du- 
buque ; April 11, 1888, Cedar Rapids. 

SEMI-ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

September 2, 1879, Des Moines, September 17, 1880, Des 
Moines. 

Officers of the permanent Department since the reorganiza- 
tion : 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1879, H. E. Griswold, Post 6, Atlantic ; 1880, W. F. Conrad, 
Post 7, Des Moines ; 1881, Peter V. Carey, Post 21, Des Moines ; 
1882, Geo. B. Hogin, Post 16, Newton ; 1883, John B. Cooke, Post 
44, Carroll ; 1884, Edward G. Miller, Post 68, Waterloo ; 1885, W. 
R. Manning, Post 16, Newton ; 1886, W. A. McHenry, Post 58, 
Denison ; 1887, J. M. Tuttle. Post 12, Des Moines ; 1888, E. A. 
Consigny, Post 123, Avoca. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1879, C. W. Nelson, Post 7, Des Moines ; 1880, *Geo. B. Hogin ; 
1881, Albert Head, Post 23, Jefferson ; 1882, Frank De Ford, Post 
14, Stuart ; 1883, C. L. Davidson, Post 76, Hull ; 1884, L. S. Tyler, 
Post 2, Keokuk ; 1885, Milo L. Sherman, Post 104, Fredericks- 
burg ; 1886, P. H. Hankins, Post 284, Sac City ; 1887, W. D. 
Thayer, Post 53, Jessup ; 1888, J. A. Riggen, M. D., Post 144, 
What Cheer. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1879, Wm. McPherrin, Post 11, Clarinda ; 1880, tAlbert Head ; 
1881, Phil. M. Crapo, Post 5, Burlington ; 1882, Geo. L. Wright, 
Post 58, Denison ; 1883, Geo. W. Bywater, Post 21, Des Moines ; 
1884, W. H. Sallada, Post 12, Des Moines ; 1885, Chas. L. Long- 
ley, Post 110, Tipton ; 1886, ^J. L. Geddes, Post 30, Ames ;. 1887, 

* To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice-Comraader. t Deceased. 



558 Grand Army of the Republic. 

R. A. Wareham, Post 42, Mason City ; 1888, H. M. Anderson, 
Post 13, Clarence. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1879, E. R. Hutchins, Post 7, Des Moines ; 1830-81, J. H. Ker- 
sey, Post 14, Stuart ; 188'2, Alfred Hammer, Post 21, Des Moiues ; 
1883, A. J. Hobart ; 1884, J. O. Skinner, Post 174, Polk City ; 

1885, W. S. Robertson, Post 231, Muscatine ; 1886, Geo. P. Hana- 
walt. Post 12, Des Moines ; 1887, J. W. Tiffany, Post 244, Center 
Point ; 1888, R. M. De Witt, Post 7, Des Moines (see Surgeon- 
General, Chapter XXVI). 

CHAPLAINS. 

1879, W. W. Thorp, Post 7, Des Moines ; 1880-82, D. R. Lucas, 
Post 12, Des Moines ; 1883, J. B. Casebeer ; 1884, John Bowman, 
Post 222, Cedar Falls ; 1885, S. R. J. Hoyt, Post 267, AVaverly ; 

1886, J. H. Lozier, Post 400, Mt. Vernon ; 1887, C. O. Brown, Post 
78, Dubuque ; 188^3, John Hood, Post 235, Cedar Rapids. 



ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1879-80, J. K. Powers, Post 7, Des Moines ; 1881, A. W. Guth- 
rie, Post 7, Des Moines; 1882, N. Towusend, Post lij, Newton; 
1883, W. L. Culbertson, Post 44, Carroll ; 1884, Chester B. Stil- 
son. Post 68, Waterloo ; 1885, N. Townsend, Post 16, Newton ; 
1886, Geo. L. Wright, Post 58, Denison ; 1887-88, J. W. Muffly, 
Post 12, Des Moines. 



ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1879, L. E. Ayers, Post 7, Des Moines ; October 10, 1879, AV. 
B. Temple, Post 7, Des Moines ; 1880, L. E. Ayers, Post 7, Des 
Moiues ; 1881, Alfred Hammer, Post 21, Des Moines ; 1882, W. 
R. Manning, Post 16, Newton ; 1883, Jno. K. Deal, Post 44, Car- 
roll ; 1884, Dan. R. Weaver, Post 6'8, Waterloo ; 1885, John L. 
Matthews, Post 16, Newtoji ; 1886, :\[olvin Smith, Post 58, Deni- 
son ; 18,-i7, R..L. Chase, Post 7; Des Moines; 1888, AV. C. Davis, 
Post 123, Avoca. 



Department of Iowa. 559 

inspectors. ■ 

1879, M. V. King, Post 10, Bedford ; 1880, P. V. Carey, Post 
21, Des Moines ; 1881, S. L. Fuller, Post 21, Des Moines ; 1882, 
L. S. Tyler, Post 2, Keokuk ; 1883, A. W. C. Weeks, Post 55, Win- 
terset ; 1881, Harvey Smith, Post 68, Waterloo; succeeded, August 
4, by Geo. W. Harbin, Post 68, Waterloo ; 1885, Aug. Keimers, 
Post 1, Davenport ; 1886, Thos. H. Lee, Post 57, Red Oak ; 1887, 
C. H, Brock, Post 94, Marshalltown ; 1888, Thomas Beaumont, 
Post 156, Lake City. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1879, W. P. Hepburn, Post 10, Bedford ; 1880, J. G. Newbold, 
Post 20, Mt. Pleasant ; 1881, A. H. Botkin, Post 7, Des Moines ; 
1882, E. J. Abbott, Post 29, Council Bluffs ; 1883, O. L. French, 
Post 59, Missouri Valley ; 1884, P. M. Sutton, Post 94, Marshall- 
town ; 1885, Josiah Given, Post 12, Des Moines ; 1886, Albert Head, 
Post 23, Jefferson ; 1887, Warren S. Dungan, Post 18, Chariton ; 
1888, Geo. M. Van Leuven, Post 217, Lime Springs. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1879, F. Olmstead, Post 7, Des Moines; succeeded, Sejitember 6, 
by W. W. Fink, Post 12, Des Moines; 1880, Eobert Alton, Post 7, 
Des Moines ; 1881, A. Cully, Post 7, Des Moines ; 1882, Robert 
Alton, Post 7, Des Moines; succeeded, July 12, by Horace J. Wolfe, 
Post 53, Jessup; 1883, W. T. Wilkinson, Post 7, Des Moines; 1884, 
Milo J. Sherman, Post 104, Fredericksburg ; 1885, Henry Wilson, 
Post 30, Ames; 1886, C. H. Talmadge, Pest 48, West Union; 1887, 
Phil. Schaller, Post 284, Sac City ; 1888, E. M. B. Scott, Post 69, 
Ottumwa. 

COUNCIL or ADMINISTRATION. 

1879— J. C. Bonnell, Post 5, Burlington ; J. M. Haver, Post 6, 
Atlantic ; AV. F. Conrad, Post 7, Des Moines ; H. L. Darnell, Post 
8, Marne ; W. F. Evans, Post 10, Bedford. 

1880— Josiah Given, Post 12, Des Moines; C. W. Nelson, Post 
7, Des Moines ; H. E. Griswold, Post 6, Atlantic ; M. T.. Russell, 
Post 12, Des Moines ; L. E. Ayers, Post 7, Des Moines. 



560 Geand Army of the Bepublic. 

1881— H. E. Griswolcl, re-elected ; W. F. Conrad, Post 7, Des 
Moiues ; Geo. 13. Hogiu, Post 16, Newton ; ^Y. Merrill, Post 12, 
Des Moines ; M. S. Crawford, Post 19, Fairfield. 

1882— AV. F. Conrad, re-elected ; P. Y. Carey, Post 21, Des 
Moiues ; M. T. Y. Bowman, Post 12, Des Moines ; J. J. Bolin, 
Post 29, Council Bluffs ; Aaron Brown, Post 46, Fayette. 

1883— P. Y. Carey, re-elected ; S. E. Wliiclier, Post 38, Man- 
ning ; Henry Wilson, Jr., Post 30, Ames ; C. A. Robertson, Post 
87, Mapletou ; W. H. Mix, Post 73, Eldon. 

1884— P. Y. Carey, re-elected ; Joliu B. Cooke, Post 44, Car- 
roll ; W. R. Manning, Post 16, Newton ; AV. T. Rigby, Post 109, 
Stanwood ; Geo. L. Wright, Post 58, Denison. 

1885— P. Y. Carey, W. T. Rigby, Geo. L. Wright, re-elected ; 
J. L. Geddes, Post 98, Yintou ; Thos. Beaumont, Post 156, Lake 
City. 

1886— W. O. Mitchell, Post 324, Corning ; W. T. Wilkinson, 
Post 7, Des Moines ; Geo. A. Day, Post 190, Manchester ; J. K. 
Deal, Post 44, Carroll ; S. E. Robinson, Post 48, West Union. 

1887— D. G. Eldredge, Post 339, Sanborn ; A. R. Fuller, Post 
61, Creston ; G. A. Newman, Post 222, Cedar Falls ; J. W. Hatton, 
Post 44, Carroll ; E. A. Consigny, Post 123, Avoca. 

1888— Mason P. Mills, Post 235, Cedar Rapids ; J. S. Lothrop, 
Post 22, Sioux City ; L. B. Raymond, Post 81, Hamjjtou ; J. J. 
Steadman, Post 29, Council Bluffs; William Dean, Post 110, 
Tipton. 

State Legislation, 
soldiers' home. 

The Iowa Soldiers' Home is located on a tract of 128 acres at 
Marshalltown, donated by its citizens with $12,000 in cash, and 
free water for five years voted by the city. 

By Act of March 31, 1886, $75,000 was appropriated for build- 
ings and furnishing, and $25,000 for the first year's expenses. 
Tlie main building is of stone and brick, 210 feet by 120 feet, four 
stories in lioight, and is heated by steam and lighted by gas. It 
was dedicated December 1, 1887, and has accommodations for 400 
inmates. 



Department of Iowa. 561 

Disabled and dependent ex-soldiers and sailors of Iowa, and 
those of other States who have resided in the State three years 
next preceding their application, are eligible for admission. 

The Commissioners of the Home are J. M. Tuttle, Chairman ; 
J. J. Kussell, Secretary ; C. W. Burdick, Treasurer ; S. L. Dows, 
N. A. Merrill and G. A. Madison. Colonel Milo Smith is Com- 
mandant of the Home and Captain A. D. Gaston, Adjutant. 

soldiers' orphans' home. 

The State has maintained from one to three Homes for soldiers' 
orphans at a total expense of $1,127,602, and 2,000 children have 
been thus cared for. 

The first was opened in 1863, at Davenport, by private contri- 
butions. It was transferred to the State June 30, 1866. On Sep- 
tember 20, 1865, the second Home was opened at Cedar Falls. It 
closed June 7, 1876, and its inmates were transferred to the 
Home at Davenport. The third Home was opened in November, 
1866, at Glenwood. It closed January 29, 1875, when its inmates 
were transferred to the Davenport Home, which now has 315 chil- 
dren in charge. 

RELIEF. 

By an Act approved March 31, 1888, it is provided : 

That the board of supervisors of the several counties of this State are hereby au- 
thoi-ized to levy, in addition to the taxes now levied by law, a tax not exceeding 
three-te iths of one mill, * * * for the purpose of creating a fund for the relief 
and for funeral expenses of honorably discharged indigent Union soldiers, sailors 
and marines, and the indigent wives, widows and minor children not over fourteen 
years of age in the case of boys, and not over sixteen years of age in the case of girls, 
of such indigent or deceased Union soldi-^-rs, sailors or marines, having a legal resi- 
dence in said county, to be disbursed as hereinafter provided. 

The Act provides for the appointment of three persons as a 
Soldiers' Belief Commission, at least two of whom shall be hon- 
orably discharged Union soldiers, "to examine and determine who 
are entitled to relief," determine the probable amount necessary 
for the purpose, and the Board of Supervisors shall make the 
necessary levies to raise the required relief fund. 

BURIAL. 

The County Supervisors are required to pay the funeral ex- 
penses of any deceased soldier or sailor dying in indigent circum- 
stances, the cost for interment not to exceed $35. 
86 



562 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

memorial day. 
Memorial Day is a legal holiday in Iowa. 

GRAND ARMY BADGE. 

By Act approved April 9, 1888, it is a misdemeanor to wear 
the badge or button of the Grand Army of the Kepublic, or the 
rosette of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, unless dnly en- 
titled to do so, under penalty of not exceeding thirty days impris- 
onment or fine not to exceed $20. 



DEPARTMENT OF MINNESOTA. 

On August 1, 1866, by invitation of Governor W. R. Marshall, 
formerly Colonel 7th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, a number of 
Union Veterans met in the Governor's room at the Capitol, for 
the purpose of consulting with Colonel John M. Snyder, Quarter- 
master-General Grand Army of the Republic, about effecting an 
organization of the Grand Army of the Republic in Minnesota. 
Governor Marshall presided at the meeting, and after an explana- 
tion of the purposes of the Order, the following named signed the 
Constitution, and were then duly initiated by Colonel Snyder : 

General John B. Sanborn, General W. R. Marshall, General H. 
P. Van Cleve, Colonel H. C. Rogers, Colonel John P. Owens, 
Lieutenant A. P. Connelly, Captain E. Y. Shelley, Dr. Brewer 
Mattocks, Captain Emil Munch, Major H. Von Minden, Captain 
Miles Hollister, Colonel Ross Wilkinson, Colonel John Moulton, 
Edward Richards, M. R. Merrill and Dr. J. H. Stewart. 

The following were selected as officers of the Provisional De^ 
partment : Commander, John B. Sanborn ; Adjutant-General, E. 
Y. Shelley ; Assistant Adjutant-General, A. P. Connelly; Quarter- 
master-General, Miles Hollister. 

A convention was held at St. Paul, October 16, 1866, to organ- 
ize the permanent Department, when seven Posts were repre- 
sented ; these were located at St. Paul, Red Wing, Minneapolis, 
St. Anthony, Farmington, Lake City, and one in Brown county. 

General Sanborn was elected Grand Commander, but soon 



Department of Minnesota. 563 

after left the State and remained absent for several years. No 
one took up his work, and the Department organization was 
for a time practically abandoned, though several Posts kept up 
their meetings. 

On August 14, 1867, under a call issued by Comrade Frank 
Daggett, Commander of the Post at Wabasha, approved by Com- 
mander-in-Chief Hurlbut, the representatives of Posts in Minne- 
apolis, St. Anthony, Winona, Eichfield, St. Cloud, St. Paul and 
Wabasha met in Minneapolis and elected a full corps of officers. 

At the next meeting of the Encampment, January 3, 1868, thirty- 
six rej^resentatives were present from five Posts, and, though 
small in number, they determined to begin the work of having 
the soldiers' and sailors' orphans properly cared for by securing 
the establishment by the State of a Soldiers' Orphans' Home. 

General J. W. Sprague, of Winona, Major H. G. Hicks, Minne- 
apolis, and Captain E. H. Kennedy, Owatonna, were appointed a 
committee to bring the subject before the Legislature. Their ef- 
forts were entirely successful, and the soldiers' orphans were 
gathered as wards of the State in a Home established at Winona, 
Avliich was maintained up to 1881 at a total cost of $110,102.23. 

Notwithstanding the earnest labors of the Department officers, 
the increase of membership was very small during the next four 
years. 

In 1876, and again in 1877, the grasshopper-plague devastated 
the State, and so impoverished the many veterans who had settled 
on farms that they were compelled to relinquish membership in 
the Order. After this, the Department organization was but 
nominal up to 1879, when it was given up, as only one Post, that 
at Stillwater, then kept up its meetings. 

From li66 to 1879 meetings were held as follows : 



ANNUAL encampments. 

October 16, 1866, St. Paul ; August 14, 1867, Minneapolis ; 
January 3, 1868, Minneapolis ; January 26, 1869, Winona ; Janu- 
ary 6, 1870, Minneapolis ; January 24, 1871, Rochester ; January 
16, 1872, St. Paul ; December 26, 1872, St. Paul ; January 21, 
1874, Minneapolis ; January 27, 1875, St. Paul ; January 26, 1876, 
Minneapolis ; January 25, 1877, Stillwater ; January 30th, 1878, 
Stillwater ; January 21, 1879, Shakopee. 



564 Grand Army of the Republic. 

semi-annual meetings. 

July 4, 1868, Owatonna ; August 19, 1869, Faribault ; July 20, 
1870, St. Paul ; July 11, 1871, Minneapolis. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1866, Provisioned, John B. Sanborn, St. Paul ; August 14, 1867, 
Frank Daggett, Post 1, Wabasha ; 1868, H. G. Hicks, Post 3, Min- 
neapolis ; 1869, J. W. Sprague, Post 4, Winona ; 1870-71, J. C. 
Hamilton, Post 13, llochester ; 1872-74, Henry A. Castle, Post 21, 
St. Paul ; 1875, D. W. Albaugh, Post 3, Minneapolis ; 1876, Geo. 
H. Johnson, Post 30, Detroit ; 1877, D. B. Loomis, Post 14, Still- 
water ; 1878, Wm. Wilson, Post 31, Shakopee ; 1879, L. G. Ben- 
nett, Post 14, Stillwater. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1866-68, W. T. Collins, St. Cloud ; 1869, *J. C. Hamilton ; 
1870, O. B. Gould, Post 4, Winona ; 1871, H. *A. Castle ; 1872, I. 
M. Carpenter, Post 22, Sauk Center ; 1873-74, *D. W. Albaugh ; 
1875, *Geo. H. Johnson ; 1876, Jacob Meese, Post 21, St. Paul ; 
1877, John McCullum, Post 41, Cottage Grove ; 1878, C. H. Cobb, 
Post 14, Stillwater ; 1879, C. S. Stoddard, Post 31, Shakopee. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1867, Wm. Lochreu, St. Anthony ; 1868, A. B. Webber, Post 5, 
Owatonna ; 1870, H. J. Gillem, Post 12, Austin ; 1871, fl. M. Car- 
penter ; 1872, tD. W. Albaugh ;1873, E. M. Bloomer, Post 26, Du- 
luth ; 1874, fGeo. H. Johnson ; 1875, fJacob Meese ; 1876, F. 
Siebold, Post 14, Stillwater ; 1877, J. C. C. George, Post 38, Wi- 
nona ; 1878, A. J. Schofield, Post 41, Cottage Grove ; 1879, H. D. 
Carter, Post 31, Shakopee. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1867, A. A. Ames, Minneapolis ; 1868, J. B. McGaughey, Post 
4, Winona ; 1870, J.evi Butler, Post 3, Minneapolis ; 1871, J. R. 
Dart, Post 23, Mantorville ; 1872, J. H. Murphy, Post 21, St. Paul ; 

* To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Department of Minnesota. 565 

1873, W. F. Hutchinson, Post 3, Minneapolis ; 1874-75, R. D. 
Barber, Post 34, Wortliington ; 1876, A. A. Ames, Post 3, Minne- 
apolis ; 1877-78, C. S. Stoddard, Post 31, Shakopee ; 1879, J. C. 
Rhodes, Post 14, Stillwater. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1867, J. C. Whitney, Post 3, Minneapolis ; 1868, R. H. Con- 
well, Post 3, Minneapolis ; 1870, W. S. Wilson, Post 5, Owatonna ; 
1871, C. H. Oakes, Post 4, Winona ; 1872, C. C. Salter, Post 26, 
Dulnth ; 1873-78, John E. Wood, Post 30, Detroit City ; 1879, J. 
C. Rhodes, Post 14, Stillwater. 

assistant adjutants-general. 

1866, John Moulton, St. Paul ; 1867-68, O. L. Dudley, Post 3, 
Minneapolis ; 1869, W. T. Collins ; 1870, H. G. Hicks ; resigned ; 
succeeded by D. H. Williams, Post 13, Rochester ; 1872-74, True 
S. White, Post 21, St. Paul ; 1875, H. G. Hicks, Post 3, Minne- 
apolis ; 1876, F. M. Finch, Post 21, St. Paul ; 1877, J. J. McCar- 
dy, Post 21, St. Paul ; 1878, F. M. Finch, Post 21, St. Paul. 

assistant quartermasters-general. 

1866, Miles Hollister, St. Paul ; 1867, G. W. Thurman, Post 3, 
Minneapolis ; 1868, J. C. Hamilton, Post 5, Owatonna ; 1869, W. 
F. Morse, Post 6, St. Cloud ; 1870, R. C. Olin, Post 5, Owatonna; 
1871, Geo. F. Allen, Post 13, Rochester ; 1872-73, Benj. Brack, 
Post 21, St. Paul ; 1874, H. G. Hicks, Post 3, Minneapolis ; 1875, 
L. P. Plummer, Post 3, Minneapolis ; 1876-77, John C. Hamilton, 
Post 21, St. Paul ; 1878, Henry A. Castle, Post 21, St. Paul. 



INSPECTORS. 

1870, H. C. Whitney, Post 11, Faribault ; 1871, H. G. Hicks, 
Post 3, Minneapolis ; 1872, J. C. Palmer, Post 4, Winona ; 1873, 
William Wilson, Post 31, Shakopee ; 1874, J. J. McCardy, Post 
21, St. Paul ; 1877, C. A. Bennett, Post 14, Stillwater ; 1878, D. 
W. Albaugh, Post 3, Minneapolis. 



500 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 



JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 



1870, H. A. Kimball ; 1871, O. B. Gould, Post 4, Winona ; 1872, 
A. N. Seip, Post 20, Dulutli ; 1873-71, Albert N. Seip, Post 20, 
Dulutli ; 1875, O. B. Gould, Post 1, Winona ; 1877-78, H. G. Hicks, 
Post 3, Minneapolis. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1800 — S. Lee Davis, Edward Anderson (see Chaplain-in-Chief, 
Chapter XXVI), E. M. Wilson, J. H. Donaldson, Geo. A. Clark. 

1807— C. C. Andrews, St. Cloud ; Geo. Smith, Osseo ; J. P. 
Owen, St. Paul ; D. W. Albaugh, Richfield ; G. A. McDougall, 
Wabasha. 

1808 — G. A. McDougall, re-elected ; Frank Daggett, Wabasha ; 
G. W. Shuman, Minneapolis ; F. J. Mead, Shakopee ; Wm. Loch- 
ren, St. Anthony. 

1870— H. A. Castle, Post 21, St. Paul ; O. B. Gould, Post 13, 
Winona ; W. H. Houlton, Post 15, Elk River ; J. B. McGaughey, 
Post 4, Winona ; A. B. Webber, Post 5, Owatonna. 

1871— W. H. Houlton, J. B. McGaughey, re-elected ; M. D. 
Flower, Post 21, St. Paul ; E. M. Marshall, Post 3, Minneapolis ; 
A. J. Edgerton, Post 23, Mantorville. 

1872 — James George, Post 13, Rochester ; L. L. Baxter, Post 
25, Carver ; H. J. Gillhara, Post 12, Austin ; H. G. Hicks, Post 3, 
Minneapolis ; J. O. Milne, Post 22, Sauk Centre. 

1873— J. C. Palmer, Post 4, Winona ; Stephen Miller, Post 34, 
Worthington ; Geo. H. Johnson, Post 30, Detroit City ; A. Barto, 
Post 22, Sauk Centre ; H. Clay Whitney, Post 11, Faribault. 

1874—0. B. Gould, Post 4, Winona ; James George, Post 13, 
Rochester ; William Wilson, Post 31, Shakopee ; T. H. Pressnell, 
Post 20, Dulutli ; James Murison, Post 3, Minneapolis. 

1875— T. C. Bell, Post 34, Worthington ; L. P. Plummer, Post 
3, Minneapolis ; True S. White, Post 21, St. Paul ; D. W. Coult- 
hard. Post 31, Shakopee ; W. H. Houlton, Post 15, Elk River. 

1870— W. C. Wilson, Post 21, St. Paul ; A. A. Clausen, Post 3, 
Minneapolis ; William Wilson, Post 31, Shakopee ; M. Grinager, 
Post 34, Worthington ; D. B. Loomis, Post 14, Stillwater. 



Depabtment of Minnesota. 567 

1877— W. C. Wilson, re-elected ; H. G. Hicks, Post 3, Minne- 
apolis ; F. Siebold, Post 14, Stillwater ; Chauncey Chase, Post 31, 
Shakopee ; A. J. Scliofield, Post 41, Cottage Grove. 

1878 — Cliauncey Chase, F. Siebold, W. C. Wilson, re-elected ; 
Wm, Fowler, Newport ; C. S. Stoddard, Post 31, Shakopee. 

1879— F. Siebold, C. S. Stoddard, re-elected ; F. E. Joy, Post 
14, Stillwater ; Charles Bornarth, Post 31, Shakopee ; D. B. 
Loomis, Post 14, Stillwater. 

REORGANIZATION. 

Upon request of Post No. 14, of Stillwater, one of its active 
members, Adam Marty, was, in May, 1880, appointed Provisional 
Commander ; F. Siebold, Senior Vice ; F. E. Joy, Junior Vice ; 
Samuel Bloomer, Assistant Adjutant-General, and Myron Shep- 
ard. Assistant Quartermaster-General. 

This Post took a new charter as Post No. 1, and Commander 
Marty organized the following Posts : No. 2, Anoka, October 28, 
1880 ; Nc . 3, Spring Valley, December 4, 1880 ; No. 4, Minneap- 
olis, January 18, 1881 ; No. 5, Albert Lea, January 28, 1881 ; No. 
6, Taylor's Falls, June 11, 1881 ; No. 7, Marshall, July 22, 1881. 
Acker Post No. 21, St. Paul, was at that time in operation, but 
had not reported to the Department Commander. 

On August 17, 1881, representatives of these Posts assembled 
at Stillwater, and organized the permanent Department. Com- 
rade Adam Marty was elected Department Commander. In 1882, 
ten Posts were added ; in 1883, forty-two Posts and 1,907 mem- 
bers ; in 1884, fifty-nine Posts and 3,478 members. 

Since the reorganization, in 1880, meetings have been held and 
officers have served as follows : 

ANNUAL ENCAMPMENTS. 

August 17, 1881, Stillwater ; January 18, 1882, Minneapolis ; 
January 17, 1883, St. Paul ; January 17, 1884, Stillwater ; Febru- 
ary 5, 1885, Minneapolis ; February 10, 1886, Faribault ; Febru- 
ary 9, 1887, St. Paul ; February 24, 1888, Minneapolis. 

SEMI-ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

August 9, 1882, and August 9, 1883, Lake Minnetonka ; June 
10, 1885, St. Peter ; July 19, 1886, Minneapolis. 



568 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

department commanders. 

1881-82, Adam Marty, Post 1, Stillwater ; 1883, John P. Rea, 
Post 4, Minneapolis (see Corainander-in-Cliief, Chapter XXVI) ; 
1884, E. C. Babl), Post 4, Minneapolis ; 1885, E. A. Becker, Post 
8, St. Paul ; 188G, William Thomas, Post 19, Mankato ; 1887, L. 
L. Wheelock, Post 81, Owatonna ; 1888, James H. Ege, Post 4, 
Minneapolis. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1881-82, *John P. Rea ; 1883-84, *R. A. Becker ; 1885, *Wra. 
Thomas ; 1886, *L. L. Wheelock ; 1887, E. R. Jefferson, Post 13, 
Duluth ; 1888, Edwin Dunn, Post 44, Rochester. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1881-S2, Chas. C. Whitney, Post 7, Marshall ; 1883, A. R. Bur- 
leson, Post 3, Spring Valley ; 1884, R. R. Miller, Post 34, Worth- 
ington ; 1885, Geo. S. Canfield, Post 30, Brainerd ; 1886, V. H. 
Harris, Post 35, Litchfield ; 1887, *Jas. H. Ege ; 1888, James 
Compton, Post 33, Fergus Falls. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1881-84, J. C. Rhodes, Post 1, Stillwater ; 1885-86, H. W. Bra- 
zie. Post 4, Minneapolis ; 1887, D. P. Kenned}', Post 35, Litch- 
field ; 1888, Henry Wilson, Post 139, Woodstock. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1881-82, W. H. Harrington, Post 1, Stillwater ; 1883, J. W. 
Liscombe, Post 19, Mankato ; 1884, R. V. Adams, Post 33, Fergus 
Falls ; 1885, J. N. Brown, Post 81, Owatonna ; 1886-88, W. E. 
Stanley, Post 66, Austin. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1881-83, Samuel Bloomer, Post 1, Stillwater ; 1884-85, H. A. 
Norton, Post 4, Minneapolis ; 1886, Daniel Fish, Post 126, Min- 



* To Department Commander. 



Department of Minnesota. 509 

neapolis (see Adjutant-General, Chapter XXYI) ; 1887, W. W. 
Braden, Post 21, St. Paul ; 1888, Geo. W. Grant, Post 4, Minne- 
apolis. 

assistant quartermasters-general. 

1881-82, Fred. Siebold, Post 1, Stillwater ; 1883, N. C. Simmil- 
kier. Post 2, Anoka ; 1884, Lewis Maisli, Post 4, Minneapolis ; 
1885, K. V. Pratt, Post 21, St. Paul ; 1886, Geo. W. Mead, Post 19, 
Mankato ; 1887-88, E. N. Leavens, Post 123, Faribault. 

inspectors. 

1881, W. H. H. Taylor, Post 1, Stillwater ; 1882, H. G. Ghostly, 
Post 2, Anoka ; 1883, T. G. Pressnell, Post lb, Duluth ; 1884, J. 
L. Brigham, Post 8, St. Paul ; 1885, Fred. Siebold, Post 8, St. 
Paul; 1886, C. C. Andrews, Post 21, St. Paiil ; 1887, J. A. 
Leonard, Post 44, Rochester ; 1888, Geo. B. Arnold, Poet 32, 
Kasson. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1881-82, W. P. Roberts, Post 4, Minneapolis ; 1883, Edward 
Simonton, Post 21, St. Paul ; 1884-85, A. R. Burleson, Post 3, 
Spring Valley ; 1886, L. M. Lange, Post 34, Worthington ; 1887, 
C. J. Bartleson, Post 4, Minneapolis. 

chief mustering OFFICERS. 

1881, E. D. Taylor, Post 1, Stillwater ; 1883, W. H. Harring- 
ton, Post 1, Stillwater ; 1884-85, A. F. Foster, Post 4, Minneapo- 
lis ; 1886, Mark D. Flower, Post 21, St. Paul; 1887, S. W. 
Hays, Post 85, Redwood Falls ; 1888, W. O. Kittleson, Post 72, 
Minneapolis. 

COUNCIL OF administration. 

1881— J. N. Pride, Post 2, Anoka ; D. M. Gilmore, Post 4, Min- 
neapolis ; R. A. Burleson, Post 3, Spring Valley ; J. P. Green, 
Post 5, Albert Lea ; L V^n Vleck, Post 7, Marshall. 

1882— D. M. Gilmore, J. N. Pride, R. A. Burleson, re-elected ; 
J. W. Liscombe, Post 7, Marshall ; R. A. Becker, Post 8, St. 
Paul. 



570 Gkand Akmy of the Republic. 

1883— W. T. Burr, Post 21, St. Paul ; C. N. Nichols, Post 13, 
Dulutli ; R. C. Livingston, Post 3, Spring Valley; Geo. S. Brown, 
Post 1, Stillwater ; J. H. Ege, Post 4, Minneapolis. 

1884^C. N. Nichols, K C. Livingston, re-elected ; Thos. Mont- 
gomery, Post 37, St. Peter ; J. A. Eeed, Post 1, Stillwater ; E. M. 
Pope, Post 19, Mankato. 

1885-86 — Thos. Montgomery, E. C. Livingston, r«-elected ; 
L. G. Nelson, Post 32, Kasson ; A. H. Reed, Post 28, Glencoe ; 
Perry Starkweather, Post 68, St. Paul. 

1887-88— Thos. Montgomery, L. G. Nelson, P. Starkweather, 
R. C. Livingston, re-elected ; J. M. D. Craft, Post 47, Farra- 
ington. 

MINNESOTA SOLDIERS' HOME. 

The above Home was instituted under an Act of the Legisla- 
ture approved March 2, 1887. 

Honorably discharged soldiers, sailors and marines who served 
during the rebellion, or in the Mexican war, or in the camjiaign 
against the Indians in Minnesota in 1862, are eligible to admis- 
sion. A residence of one year is required of apjDlicants who en- 
listed in other States. 

The Board of Trustees appointed under the Act were : Henry 
A. Castle, President, St. Paul ; R. R. Henderson, Vice-President, 
Minneapolis ; L. A. Hancock, Red Wing ; Wm. P. Dunnington, 
Redwood Falls ; T. F. Cowing, Fergus Falls ; A. A. Brown, Alex- 
andria ; A. E. Christie, Austin ; O. M. Sawyer, Secretary, Minne- 
apolis. 

The land for the Home was donated by the City of Minneapo- 
lis. It consists of a tract of fifty acres, situated at Minnehaha 
Falls, and is valued at $50,000. 

The cottage system has been adopted, and the first buildings 
will be ready for occupancy in the Avinter of 1888. 

The State appropriated $50,000 for building purposes, and 
820,000 for maintenance for the year 1888. The sum of $1(),()()() 
was a])propriated for temporary aid, until the buildings were 
re;uly for occupancy. 

OTHER RELIEF. 

In addition to the appropriation for the erection and mainte- 
nance of the Home the Legislature directed the levying of a State 



Department of Kansas. 571 

tax of one-tentli of one mill to constitute a Soldiers' Relief Fund, 
to be disbursed by tbe Trustees of the Soldiers' Home for tlie 
relief, at tlieir own homes, of those who may be eligible to admis- 
sion to the State Home, but whom it is deemed best not to sepa- 
rate from their families, and the widows, minor orphans and de- 
pendent parents of deceased soldiers, sailors and marines. 

This tax will provide about $45,000 annually. For immediate 
relief before the tax could be levied, the Legislature appropriated 
the sum of $20,000. 

BURIAL OF DECEASED VETERANS. 

By Act approved March 2, 1887, provision was made for the 
decent interment of all honorably discharged soldiers and sailors 
who served during the rebellion, or in the Mexican war, and of 
Minnesota soldiers who served against the Indians in 1862, who 
may die without leaving means for funeral expenses. The cost 
was limited to $35 for funeral expenses and $15 for a headstone. 



DEPARTMENT OF KANSAS. 

Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Henry S. Greeno, 4th Arkansas Cav- 
alry, located in Topeka, Kansas, September, 18 j5. 

In December, 1865, he organized a secret society of Soldiers 
and Sailors, under the title of the "Veteran Brotherhood." A 
constitution and ritual was adopted. Colonel Greeno was elected 
Commander of the first Camp at Topeka ; Captain Louis Has- 
brouck. Senior Vice-Commander ; Captain Elridge Grier, Adju- 
tant, and Captain John Searl, Quartermaster. Governor Craw- 
ford, and some thirty others, were soon after initiated into this 
Camp. Colonel Greeno and Captain Chester Thomas made a 
trip through the State to organize other Camps. The second was 
at Leavenworth, Colonel D. R. Anthony, Commander, and General 
— now Governor — John A. Martin was elected Commander of a 
Camp at Atchison. 

A State convention was held in Topeka, June, 1866, when 
Colonel J. C. Hayes, of Olanthe, was elected State Commander. 



572 



Grand Army of the Kepublic. 




Majou T. J. Anderson. 



The Yeteran Brotherhood 
was represented in the Grand 
Army Convention at Indian- 
apolis, November, 1866, by 
Major Thos. J. Anderson, of 
Topeka. Upon his motion, a 
resolution was adojDted to re- 
ceive all Camj)s of the Yeteran 
Brotherhood into the Grand 
Army of the Republic without 
adtlitional expense to them. 
Upon his return to Kansas, 
the State Camp was called to 
meet in Topeka, December 7, 
1866, when the following was 
unanimously adopted : 



Resolved, That the Veteran Brotherhood, State of Kansas, be, and is hereby 
transferred to the Grand Army of the Kepublic, and that we hereby. adopt the 
Ritual, and agree to be governed by the Rules and Regulations of the Grand Army 
of the Republic. 



Other resolutions provided for the transfer of the books, pa- 
pers and funds. The representatives were then initiated into the 
Grand Army of the Republic by Major Anderson. " 

Department Officers were elected as follows : Grand Com- 
mander, John A. Martin, Atchison ; Adjutant-General, Thos. J. 
Anderson, Topeka ; Assistant Adjutant-General, John I. Boyd, 
Topeka ; Quartermaster-General, L. T. Green, Baldwin City ; 
Council of Administration — H. S. Greeno, J. P. Root, G. W. 
Weed, F. M. Stahl, J. A. Lee. 

A resolution was adopted requesting the Legislature to pro- 
vide for the erection of a monument to the memory of Kansas 
soldiers who had fallen in defense of their country during the re- 
bellion. 

At the time of the transfer of the Yeteran Brotherhood there 
were thirty-two Camps in existence with about seventeen hun- 
dred and fifty meml^ers. The first report of the Department of 
Kansas, Grand Army of the Republic, to National Headquarters, 
stated that fifty Posts had been organized uj) to tltat date. 

A meeting of the Dei)artment was held in Topeka, January i^ 



Department of Kansas. 



573 




Major J. C. WAiiKiNSHAW 



1868, but no report of its action 
was made to National Head- 
quarters, and the Department 
was soon disbanded. 

A Provisional organization 
was establisbed in February, 
1872, with W. S. Jenkins as 
Provisional Commander, but it 
appears that only one Post, 
that at Independence, with six- 
teen members, was then in ex- 
istence. Later, however. Com- 
mander Jenkins succeeded in 
re-establishing several Posts, 
and in 1875 reported one hun- 
dred and forty-five members. 

In 1876, Colonel John Guthrie was appointed Provisonal 
Commander, with J. C. Walkinshaw, of Leavenworth, as Assistant 
Adjutant-General. Later Colonel Guthrie resigned and J. H. Gil- 
patrick was appointed. He was succeeded in 1879 by Major J. 
C. Walkinshaw, who is entitled to the credit of restoring Kansas 
to its position as a permanent Department. 

In addition to his labors in Kansas, he supervised the forma- 
tion of Frank P. Blair Post at St. Louis, and also aided in the 
organization of a Post at Las Vegas, New Mexico. 

Kansas was recognized as a permanent Department March 16, 
1880, the officers having been formally elected in February. 

J. C. Walkinshaw, Department Commander ; J. B. Logan, 
Senior Vice-Commander ; S. N. Hopper, Junior Vice-Com- 
mander, and A. St. Clair, Assistant Adjutant-General. These 
officers served until 1882, with the exception of the Assistant Ad- 
jutant-General, who had removed from the State and was suc- 
ceeded by Joseph McDonnell. 

In 1878, an interesting soldiers' reunion was held in Leaven- 
worth, largely attended by veterans from Kansas, Missouri, Ne- 
braska, Iowa and Colorado, and a more general interest was 
thereafter shown in the organization in that State. Senior Vice- 
Commander-in-Chief Paul Van Der Voort was the principal 
speaker. One of the topics discussed was the need of a Soldiers' 
Home, and a committee was appointed to secure the co-operation 
of the adjoining States, which action later resulted, as elsewhere 



574 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

reported, in the establishment of a National Branch of the Sol- 
diers' Homes at LeaveuAvorth. 

In 1881, the meml)ersliip in Kansas was 1,041 ; in 1882, 6,632, 
and in 1883, 16,551. The only Post organized in the Indian Ter- 
ritory, Cabin Creek Post No. 1, at Yinita, was attached to the 
Department of Kansas in 1883. 

Meetings have been held and officers elected or appointed in 
the Department since the reorganization, as follows : 



ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

I. Jannary 18, 1882, Topeka ; II. January 25, 1883, Wyandotte ; 
III. February 6, 1884, Topeka ; IV. March 10, 1885, Fort Scott ; 
V. February 23, 1886, Wichita ; VI. March 8, 1587, Abilene ; 
VII. February 21, 1888, Winfield. 



DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1881-82, J. C. Walkinshaw, Post 16, Leavenworth ; 1883, Thos. 
J. Anderson, Post 1, Topeka ; 1884, Homer W. Pond, Post 32, 
Fort Scott ; 1885, Milton Stewart, Post 25, Wichita ; 1886, C. J. 
McDivitt, Post 63, Abilene ; 1887, T. H. Soward, Post 85, Win- 
field ; 1888, J. W. Feighan, Post 55, Emporia. 



SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1881, J. B. Logan, Post 9, Marysville ; 1882-83, H. L. Millard, 
Post 14, Sterling ; 1884, *C. J. McDivitt ; 1885, T. McCarthy, 
Post 8, Larned ; 1886, *T. H. Soward ; 1887, *J. W. Feighan ; 
1888, Henry Booth, Post 8, Larned. 



JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1881, J. H. Hopper ; 1882-83, *Homer W. Pond ; 1884, fT. 
McCarthy ; 1885, S. H. Maunder, Post 5, Washington ; 1886, J. 
D. Barker, Post 49, Girard ; 1887, L. C. Smith, Post 76, Stock- 
ton ; 1888, W. H. Young, Post 28, Kansas City, Kansas. 

* To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Department of Kansas. 575 

V 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1881, J. Q. Marshall ; 1882-83, J. S. Chase, Post 20, Lyons ; 
1884, J. W. Crowley, Post 127, Salina ; 1885, J. L. Carnalian, 
Post 3, Pleasanton ; 1886, J. M. Lewis, Post 299, Kinsley ; 1887, 
Henry C. Gill Post 66, El Dorado ; 1888, W. H. Lemon, Post 168, 
Winchester. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1881-82, O. E. McNary, Post 6, Leavenworth; 1883, M. D. 
Tenney, Post 132, Junction City; 1884-86, Allen Beckner, Post 40, 
Baldwin City ; 1887, Bernard Kelley, Post 85, Winfield ; 1888, 
John Wilson, Post 198, Oberlin. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1881, A. St. Clair, Post 6, Leavenworth ; resigned June 11 ; 
succeeded by Jos. McDonnell ; 1882, AVm. Leeper, Post 6, Leav- 
enworth ; 1883, H. X. Devendorf, Post 1, Topeka ; 1884, W. B. 
Shockley, Post 32, Fort Scott ; 1885, L. N. Woodcock, Post 25, 
Wichita ; 1886, W. T. Davidson, Post 63, Abilene ; 1887, A. H. 
Limerick, Post 85, Winfield ; 1888, O. H. Coulter, Post 7, Coun- 
cil Grove. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1881-82, p. Y. Tonkinson, Post 4, Independence ; 1883, Geo. 
L. Murdock, Post 71, Topeka ; 1884, C. H. Haynes, Post 32, Fort 
Scott ; . 1885, Murray Myers, Post 25, Wichita; resigned August 
16; John A. Doran, Post 25, Wichita; 1886, H. D. Baker, Post 
127, Salina ; 1887, A. B. Arment, Post 85, Winfield ; 1888, Chas. 
Harris, Post 55, Emporia. 

INSPECTORS. 

1881-82, H. X. Devendorff, Post 1, Topeka ; 1883, Lafayette C. 
Smith, Post 76, Stockton ; 1884, Geo. S. Hampton, Post 59, Co- 
lumbus ; 1885, H. M. Miller, Post 51, Tola ; 1886, Jesse Ask, Post, 
25, Wichita ; 1887, M. P. Isenburg, Post 76, Stockton ; 1888, Al- 
bert Magoffin, Post 20, Lyons. 



576 Grand Army of the Republic. 

judge-advocates. 

1881-82, L. H. Lange, Post 27, Caldwell; 1883-84, S. B. 
Bradford, Post 94, Carboudale ; 1885, W. A. McDonald, Post 57, 
Wellington ; 1886, L. J. Webb, Post 1, Topeka ; 1887, W. W. 
Martin, Post 32, Fort Scott ; 1888, A. B. Campbell, Post 1, To- 
peka. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1881-82, J. S. Clark, Post 28, Wyandotte ; 1883, T. H. Soward, 
Post 85, AVintiold ; 1884, S. R. Biircli, Post 68, Olatlie ; 188o, H. 
B. Huglibanks, Post 11, Osage City ; 1886, W. A. Gerhardt, Post 
22, Ellsworth ; 1887, Henry Booth, Post 8, Larned ; 1888, Geo. 
K. Speucer, Post 433, Gove City. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1882— S. E. Sheldon, Post 1, Topeka ; T. L. Marshall, Post 11, 
Osage City ; J. P. Crane, Post 12, Lawrence ; C. C. Whitson, Post 
15, Cottonwood Falls ; N. W. Barnet, Post 3, Pleasanton. 

1883— W. R. Jenkins, Post 88, Clay Centre ; O. R. McNary, 
Post 6, Leavenworth ; C. H. Haynes, Post 32, Fort Scott ; J. E. 
Davis, Post 14, Sterling ; S. D. Underwood, Post 132, Junction 
City. 

1884^T. J. Anderson, Post 1, Topeka ; M. Stewart, Post 25, 
Wichita ; W. A. Gebhardt, Post 22, Ellsworth ; T. S. Stover, Post 
51, Tola ; De Witt C. Goodrich, Post 117, Paola. 

1885— O. C. Hill, Post 130, Hiawatha ; C. A. Norton, Post 147, 
Beliot ; J. S. Clark, Post 28, Wyandotte ; G. M. Stratton, Post 
88, Clay Centre ; S. W. Kniffin, Post 350, Parsons. 

1886— G. M. Stratton, re-elected ; R. M. Blair, Post 301, Staf- 
ford ; J. P. Crane, Post 12, Lawrence ; A. G. Hardesty, Post 258, 
Lincoln ; J. T. Brady, Post 175, Sabetha. 

1887— O. H. Coulter, Post 7, Council Grove ; John Fulton, 
Post 175, Sabetha ; A. L. Vorhees, Post 164, Russell ; I. W. Stone, 
Post 1?, Lawrence ; R. G. Ward, Post 74, Sedan. 

1888— W. C. AVhitney, Post 43, Cawker City ; H. E. Richter, 
Post 7, Council Grove ; (). E. Morse, Post 33, Mound City ; F. V,. 
Webster, Post 87, McPhersou ; Ira F. Collins, Post 175, Sa- 
betha. 



Department of Kansas. 577 



REUNIONS. 



Kansas, with other western States, is noted for the immense 
crowds that attend the annual reunions of the Grand Army of the 
Republic. These have been held in different sections of the State, 
but it has now been deemed advisable to permanently locate State 
Camps at two points, to be held at each alternately, Topeka and 
Ellsworth, both places having offered to make liberal provision 
for the accommodation of all members of the Grand Army, and 
visitors in attendance at these reunions. 

The Fifth Annual Reunion, at Topeka, October 1-6, 1888, was 
very successful. General Alex. McD*. McCook, Colonel 6th U. S. 
Infantry, was present with his regiment and detachments of ar- 
tillery and cavalry of the regular service. Nearly all the States 
of the Union were represented by veteran soldiers and sailors. 

soldiers' orphans' HOME. 

By the liberal donations by the city of Atchison, of 160 acres 
of land, costing $16,000, and the sum of $5,000 in cash, a Home 
for the orphans of Union soldiers and sailors has been established 
near that city. 

The State provided for the erection of the buildings and main- 
tenance of tho Home. The main buildings and equipments have 
cost $49,000. The cottage system was adopted, and a number of 
cottages, to accommodate each from thirty to thirty-five children, 
will be soon erected. At present (1888) one hundred and five 
children are in the Home. 

STATE soldiers' HOME. 

The establishment of a branch of the National Homes at 
Leavenworth has afforded only partial relief in caring for needy 
veterans of the State, and the Department Encampment has 
adopted measures to secure a State Home. It is proposed that 
the State purchase not less than 640 acres of land and build 
thereon cottages, where all able to do any work may wholly or 
partially maintain themselves. It is proposed that not only sol- 
diers, sailors and marines, in need, can be thus aided, but their 
wives, and their children under fifteen years of age, so that families 
need not be broken up. It is intended also to make provision for 
army nurses who served in the hospitals during the war, and the 
widows of deceased Union veterans. 
37 



578 Grand Army of the Republic. 



Legislation. 



MEMORI.VL DAY. 

The 30tli clay of May was made a legal holiday by the Legisla- 
ture in 1886. 

INTERMENT OF VETERANS. 

By Act approved 1885, jDro vision is made for the decent burial 
of honorably discharged soldiers, sailors and marines who may 
die without leaving sufficient means to defray funeral expenses. 
Such interment shall not be made in any burial ground used ex- 
clusively for the burial of the pauper dead. The expenses are 
not to exceed fifty dollars, and twenty dollars is allowed for a 
headstone, all to be paid by the county in which the deceased 
veteran resided at the time of his death. 

PREFERENCE IN EMPLOYMENT. 

By Act passed 1886 : 

In grateful recognition of the services, sacrifices and sufferings of persons who 
served in the anny or navy of the United States in the war of the rebellion, and have 
been honorably dischar.i:;ed therefrom, they shall be preferred for appointment and 
employment to i)os;tions in every public department, and upon all public works of 
the State of Kansas, and of the cities and towns of the State, over other persons of 
equal qiialitications; and the persons thus preferred shall not be disqualilaed from 
holding any position in said service on account of his age, nor by reason of any phys- 
ical disaljility; provided such age or disability does not render him incompetent to 
perform the duties of the position applied for. 

Sec. 2. In making any reduction of force in any of the departments, cities or 
towns of the State, the officers of such department, city or town shall retain those 
p'rsons who may be equally qualified who have been honorably discharged from the 
military or naval service of the United States, and the widows and orphans of de- 
ceased soldiers and sailors. 



DEPARTMENT OF NEBRASKA. 

Nebraska was first constituted a Provisional Department July 
10, 1867, but no reports were made to National Headquarters, and 
it was soon dropped from the rolls. 

In 1874, Comrade J. E. Philpott was. appointed Provisional 
Commander. On August 26, ho was, at his own request, relieved, 



Department of Nebraska. 579 

and Comrade Paul Van Der Voort, who had in February resigned 
as Assistant-Adjutant General, Department of Illinois, by reason 
of his locating in Omaha, was appointed. Comrade Otto Funcke, 
Lincoln, was appointed Senior Vice-Commander ; Webster Eaton, 
Kearny, Junior Vice-Commander ; Lee J. Estelle, Omaha, Assist- 
ant Adjutant-General ; K. H. Wilber, Omaha, Assistant Quarter- 
master-General ; Council of Administration — Comrades Alex. 
Schlagel, Plattsmouth ; O. F. Steen, Omaha; T. M. Majors, Peru ; 
R. M. Grimes, Kearny, and C. J. Dilworth, Red Cloud. 

The meeting for the organization of the Department was held 
at Omaha, June 11, 1877. Posts represented : Post 1, Kearny ; 
Post 2, Fort Omaha ; Post 3, Wahoo ; Post 4, Fremont ; Post 5, 
Schuyler ; Post 6, Tekamah ; Post 7, Omaha ; Post 8, St. Paul ; 
Post 9, Columbus ; Post 10, David City ; Post 11, Grand Island ; 
Post 12, Fort Sidney. 

ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

I, January 20, 1878, Omaha ; II. January 31, 1879, Omaha ; 
III. January 26, 1880 ; IV. January 27, 1881, Aurora ; V. January 
25, 1882, Lincoln ; VI. February 19, 1883, Lincoln ; VIL January 
29, 1884, Fremont ; VIIL January 28, 1885, Beatrice ; IX. Feb- 
ruary 17, 1886, Red Cloud ; X. March 15, 1887, Omaha ; XL 
February 29, 1888, Lincoln. 

SEMI-ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

I. July 2, 1879, Omaha; II. September 13, 1880, reunion at 
Central City ; IIL 1881, Lincoln ; IV. 1882, Grand Island ; V. 
1883, Hastings ; VI. September 1, 1884, reunion at Fremont ; 
VII. September 7, 1885, reunion at Beatrice ; VIIL August 30, 
1886, Grand Island ; IX. September 5, 1887, Omaha. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1877, Paul Van Der Voort, Post 2, Omaha- (see Commander-in- 
Chief, Chapter XXI) ; 1878, R. H. Wilber, Post 7, Omaha ; 1879- 
80, James W. Savage, Post 7, Omaha ; 1881-82, S. J. Alexander, 
Post 25, Lincoln ; 1883, John C. Bonnell, Post 25, Lincoln ; 1884, 
H. E. Palmer, Post 45, Plattsmouth ; 1885, A. V. Cole, Post 81, 
Juniata ; 1886, John M. Thayer, Post 11, Grand Island ; 1887, H. 
C. Russell. Post 34, Schuyler ; 1888, W. C. Henry, Post 18, Fair- 
mont. 



580 Grand Army of the Republic. 

senior vice-commanders. 
1877, Calviu McCune, Post 10, David City; 1878-79, J. J. 
O'Connor, Post 2, Fort Omaha ; 1880, Brad P. Cook, Post 10, 
David City; 1881, F. E. Brown, Post 21, Syracuse (see Adjutant- 
General, Chapter XXI) ; 18S2, L. W. Osborne, Post 52, Blair ; 
1883, *H. E. Palmer ; 1884, T. S. Clarkson, Post 34, Schuyler ; 
1885, J. H. Culver, Post 56, Milford ; 1886, G. M. O'Brien, Post 7, 
Omaha ; died January, 1887 ; 1887, W. S. Randall, Post 43, Fair- 
field ; 1888, W. V. Allen, Post 143, Madison. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1877, D. D. AVadsworth, Post 9, Columbus; 1878, B. E. Rogers, 
Post 9, Columbus ; 1879, C. W. Smith, Post 12, Sidney ; 1880, 
*S. J. Alexander ; 1881, B. Crabb, Post 32, York ; 1882, J. S. 
Miller, Post 44, Aurora ; 1883, C. H. Fitch, Post 7, Omaha ; 1884, 
*A. V. Cole ; 1885, J. B. Davis, Post 90, Wahoo ; 1886, John 
Morrow, Post 69, Howard ; 1887, J. Neubauer, Post 12, Sidney ; 
1888, E. C. Parkinson, Post 3, Seward. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1878-80, Jos. Neville, Post 7, Omaha ; 1881-82, M. J. Gahan, 
Post 11, Grand Island ; 1883, C. W. Moore, Post 99, Sterling ; 
1884-86, M. W. Stone, Post 90, Wahoo ; 1887, B. N. Bond, Post 
55, Papillion ; 1888, M. W. Stone, Post 90, Wahoo. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1879, S. Sanders, Post 14, Steele City ; 1880, B. Crabb, Post 
32, York ; 1881, E. Austin, Post 60, Harvard ; 1882, P. Hirst, 
Post 8, St. Paul ; 1883, B. Crabb, Post 25, Lincoln ; 1884, J. C. 
Lewis, Post 4, Fremont ; 1885-86, E. J. O'Neil, Post 95, Pawnee 
City; 1887, J. S. Presson, Post 3, Seward ; 1888, S. P. Dillon, Post 
231, Litchfield. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1877-78, Wm. Coburn, Post 7, Omaha ; 1879-80, John S. AYood, 
Post 7, Omaha ; 1881-84, Brad P. Cook, Post 10, David City ; 
1H85, S. J. Shirley, Post 81, Juniata ; 1886, J. W. Liveringhouse, 
Post 11, Grand Island ; 1887, J. D. Miles, Post 34, Schuyler ; 1888, 
J. W. Liveringhouse, Post 11, Grand Island. 
* To Department Commander. 



Department of Nebraska. 581 

ASSISTANT quartermasters-general. 

1878-82, Michael Coady, Post 2, Fort Omaha; 1883, John 
Steen, Post 90, Wahoo ; resigned June 19 ; succeeded by N. G. 
Franklin, Post 25, Lincoln; 1885, H. S. Hotchkiss, Post 25, 
Lincoln ; 1886, W. C. Henry, Post 18, Fairmont ; 1887, L. M. 
Scothorn, Post 25, Lincoln; 1888, L. C. AVashburn, Post 109, 
Norfolk. 



INSPECTORS. 

1877, John Hammond, Post 9, Columbus; 1878-79, G. M. 
O'Brien, Omaha ; resigned ; succeeded by Brad P. Cook, Post 10, 
David City ; 1880, P. Walsh, Post 28, Shelton ; 1881-82, J. O. 
West, Post 11, Grand Island ; 1883, H. Mitchell, Post 54, Palmy- 
ra ; 1884, John F. Diener, Post 21, Syracuse ; 1885, J. C. Lewis, 
Post 4, Fremont ; 1886, John Hammond, Post 9, Columbus ; 
1887, A. AUee, Post 7, Omaha ; 1888, Geo. W. Stultz, Post 22, 
Geneva. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1878, P. Hirsh, Post 8, St. Paul ; 1879-80, Chas. F. Manderson, 
Post 7, Omaha ; 1881, Amasa Cobb, Post 25, Lincoln ; 1882, E. C. 
Calkins, Post 1, Kearny ; 1883, A. H. Bowen, Post 13, Hastings ; 
1884, J. F. Warner, Post 170, Dakota City ; 1885, J. Q. Goss, Post 
55, Papillion; 1886, S. C. Chapman, Post 45, Plattsmouth; 1887, 
A. H. Church, Post 69, North Platte ; resigned April 25 ; suc- 
ceeded by J. W. Bixler, of same Post ; 1888, C. M. Parker, Post 
25, Lincoln. 

CHIEF mustering OFFICERS. 

1878, John S. Wood, Post 7, Omaha ; 1879, John Hammond, 
Post 9, Columbus ; 1880, Thos. Sewell, Post 25, Lincoln ; 1881, N. 
K Persinger, Post 23, Central City ; 1882, John Hammond, Post 
9, Columbus ; 1883-84, E. B. Taylor, Post 10, David City ; 1885, 
J. W. Liveringhouse, Post 11, Grand Island ; 1886, E. E. Howard, 
Post 16, Edgar ; 1887, B. F. Kawalt, Post 13, Hastings ; resigned 
October 25 ; succeeded by A. P. Ohilds ; 1888, A. P. Childs, Post 
5, Wayne. 



582 Grand Army of the Republic. 

council of administration. 

1878—0. A. Abbott, Post 11, Grand Island ; P. Hirst, Post 8, 
St. Paul ; Jas. Murray, Post 4, Fremont ; C. E. Squires, Post 7, 
Omaha ; J. Neubaurer, Post 12, Fort Sidney. 

1879— B. E. Rogers, Post 9, Columbus ; M. R. Risdon, Post 7, 
Omaha; Fred. Nirk, Post 12, Sidney; S. P. Mobley, Post 11, Grand 
Island ; H. Meerholz, Post 2, Fort Omaha. 

1880— W. H. Webster, Post 23, Central City ; M. Warren, Post 
10, David City; H. C. Brown, Post 31, Ashland ; P. Hirst, Post 8, 
St. Paul ; M. D. Williams, Post 22, Geneva. 

1881— W. H. Webster, re-elected ; J. N. Edwards, Post 3, 
Seward ; C. Wiltse, Post 11, Grand Island ; E. C. Calkins, Post 1, 
Kearny; J. S. Miller, Post 44, Aurora. 

1882— E. M. Day, Post 69, North Platte ; John Hammond, 
Post 9, Columbus ; H. E. Palmer, Post 45, Plattsmouth ; O. A. 
Abbott, Post 11, Grand Island ; J. W. Wilson, Post 1, Kearny. 

1883— W. S. Randall, Post 43, Fairfield ; H. Strong, Post 92, 
Cameron ; J. B. Davis, Post 90, Wahoo ; A. V. Cole, Post 81, 
Juniata ; Miles Warren, Post 83, Bellwood. 

1884— J. B. Davis, Miles Warren, re-elected ; P. H. Steele, Post 
137, Beaver Crossing ; E. C. Parkinson, Post 2, Seward ; E. C. 
Calkins, Post 1, Kearny. 

1885— B. Crabb, Post 32, York ; W. S. Bloom, Post 63, Su- 
perior ; M. H. Hinman, Post 4, Fremont ; A. H. Bowen, Post 13, 
Hastings ; C. A. Holmes, Post 47, Tecum&eh. 

1886— C. A. Holmes, re-elected ; C. F. Came, Post 150, River- 
ton ; A. S. Cole, Post 24, Nebraska City ; Brad P. Cook, Post 214, 
Lincoln ; L. D. Richards, Post 4, Lincoln. 

1887 — C. A. Holmes, L. D. Richards, re-elected ; S. J. Shirley, 
Post 12, Sidney ; E. C. Parkinson, Post 3, Seward ; S. D. Davis, 
Post 32, York. 

1888— L. D. Richards, re-elected ; J. B. Doan, Post 226, Gandy ; 
S. H. Morrison, Post 24, Nebraska City ; J. C. Bonnell, Post 25, 
Lincoln ; B. F. Smith, Post 81, Juniata. 

REUNIONS. 

In no State are the Soldiers' and Sailors' Reunions, which 
have been held annually for some years past, mor(^ largely at- 



Department of Nebraska. 583 

tended than in Nebraska. Many thousands of veterans have been 
in attendance during the week or more of the camp, some of 
them travelling in wagons with their families for hundreds of 
miles. 

The competition for the place for holding these reunions is 
spirited, and the Department has been able to make such terms 
as not only to avoid any expense to the Department, but add 
thereby to the Department funds. 

The proposals for location, in addition to a cash subscription, 
require the use of 240 acres of land, water for at least 50,000 
people and for 3,000 horses or mules, 40 tons of ice, 75 tons of 
hay, 50 tons of straw, 100 cords of wood, transportation for and 
care of all camp equipage. 

No gambling, or vending of any spirituous or malt liquors is 
allowed on the grounds. 

NEBRASKA SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS* HOME. 

Nebraska, in making provision for the care of needy veterans, 
by Act approved March 4, 1887, has made a decided advance over 
any other State, by its liberal provisions. 

The Act reads as follows : 

Section 1. That there shall be established and maintained by the State of Ne- 
braska, an institution to be known as the Nebraska Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, the 
object of which shall be to provide homes and subsistence to honorably discharged 
ex-8oldiers and sailors and marines, and also hospital nurses who served in the United 
States army or navy, or hospitals, during the war of the rebellion, and who entered 
the army or navy, or entered such hospitals from this State, or who shall at the time of 
the application for admission to such home, have been an actual bona fide resident of 
this State for two years next preceding such application; and who shall have a wife or 
children dependent upon him or her for support, and who have become disabled by 
reason of such service, old age or other cause, from earning a livelihood, and who 
would be dependent upon public or private charities; and also wives of such soldiers 
and sailors, and their children under the age of fifteen years, and the widows and chil- 
dren under the age of fifteen years, of soldiers, sailors and marines, who died while in 
the service of the United States, or who were honorably discharged from such service, 
and who have since died, and also the children under the age of fifteen years, of any 
such hospital nurse; 

Provfded, That such widow or children shall have been bona fide residents of 
this State for two years preceding admission to such home, and are unable to earn a 
livelihood, and are dependent upon public or private charities. 

Citizens of Grand Island donated 640 acres of land and $19,200 
in money for the establishment of the Home at that place. Thirty 
thousand dollars were appropriated by the Legislature for main- 



584 Grand Army of the Republic. 

tenanco for 1887-88. The main building, 50 x 100 feet, four stories 
iu height, was opened for inmates July IC, 1888. Cottages will 
be erected according to the number of applications received, and 
inmates will be assigned tracts of land that they may partially 
support themselves. Captain John Hammond is Commandant of 
the Home. 

BURIAL OF VETERANS. 

By Act of the Legislature passed in 1885, provision is made 
for the burial of honorably discharged soldiers, sailors and ma- 
rines who may die without leaving means sufficient to defray 
funeral expenses. A tombstone is also to be provided. 

EXEMPTION. 

By Act approved March 31, 1887, pension money of soldiers, 
sailors and marines disabled in the service of the United States, 
and all propert}^ purchased and improved exclusively with such 
pension money, to an amount not exceeding §2,000 in value, are 
exempt from levy and sale upon execution or attachment. 

Legislation. 

ROSTER. 

By Act approved March 4, 1887, provision was made for ob- 
taining the names of all residents of Nebraska who served iu the 
United States army, navy, or marine corps, during the war of 
1812, the Mexican war, and the war of the rebellion, designating 
the rank, company, regiment, battery or vessel in which they 
served. Two thousand copies of these rosters were ordered pub- 
lished, three copies to be furnished to each Post of the Grand 
Army of the Republic in the State. 

GRAND army BADGE. 

By Act approved March 31, 1887, any person who shall will- 
fully wear the badge of the Grand Army of the Republic, or 
who shall use the same to obtain aid or assistance thereby, unless 
duly entitled to wear the same, is liable to imprisonment for not 
er needing thirty days or a fine not exceeding $20, or to both such 
fine and imprisonment. 



Department of Dakota. 585 

memorial day. 

May 30th was made a legal holiday in Nebraska by Act of the 
Legislature passed in 1885. 

GRANT MEMORIAL HALL. 

By an Act approved March 31, 1887, an appropriation was 
made to properly furnish a room in the Capitol building for the 
care and preservation of the official records of all officers and 
soldiers who served in the volunteer regiments of the State ; also 
for the proper care and preservation of relics and mementos of 
the war of the rebellion that may be donated to the State of Ne- 
braska. 

Comrade Edgar S. Dudley, First Lieutenant 2d U. S. Artillery, 
has been appointed Custodian under this Act. 

On the same day an Act was approved donating $.20,000 for 
the erection of a building on the grounds of the University at 
Lincoln, to be known as the Grant Memorial Hall, " to be de- 
voted to the uses of the military department of said University, 
and used as an armory, drill-room and gymnasium, to forever re- 
main a public monument in memory of the late General Ulysses 
S. Grant." 



DEPAETMENT OF DAKOTA. 

The first Post in Dakota was organized by Comrade Horace 
G. "Wolfe, then Chief Mustering Officer, Department of Iowa, at 
Fort Yates, January 7, 1882, under the title of Geo. A. Custer 
Post, and was attached to the Department of Iowa. The charter- 
members were Herman Kasburg, John Kosenthal, Chas. A. Pagan, 
Frank L. McKown, Jas. D. Sadler, Allen C. Potter, James Hill, 
Jacob Lester, Elwyn S. Reid, John Hindley, James A. Bailey, 
Joseph Marsh, John McNalley, Geo. L. Van Solan, Thomas Mur- 
ray, James Wynn. Herman Kasburg was elected Commander. 

Comrade Wolfe also mustered Post 2, Fort Abe Lincoln, and 
Post 3, Bismarck. Later he made a second trip and mustered 
Posts at Huron, Redfield, Yankton, Vermillion, Elk River, Sioi;s: 
Falls and Canton, traveling in all over 2,200 miles, a considerable 



586 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

portion of the distance by stage in the severest weather. The 
charters for these Posts were issued by the Department of Iowa. 

By General Orders No. 6, dated at Headquarters Grand Army 
of the Eepublic, Omaha, Nebraska, November 23, 1882, Dakota 
was constituted a Provisional Department, with Comrade Thomas 
S. Free, Post 10, Sioux Falls, as Commander ; Senior Vice-Com- 
mander, Alex. Hughes, Post 7, Yankton ; Junior Yice-Commander, 
W. A. 'Bcntley, Post 3, Bismarck ; Assistant Adjutant-General, W. 
E. Potter, Post 10, Sioux Falls ; Assistant Quartermaster-General, 
N. C. Nash, Post 11, Canton ; Council of Administration — C. A. 
Lounsbury, Post 3, Bismarck ; J. A. Wallace, Po,st 9, Elk Point ; 
J. H. Alexander, Post 4, Huron ; A. S. Curtiss, Post 6, Mitchell ; 
S. F. Hammond, Post 5, Kedfield. 

The Permanent Department was formed at Yankton, February 
27, 1883, and Comrade Thomas. S. Free was elected Department 
Commander. He served also during his term as Adjutant-General 
of the Territory. He died December 21, 1886. 

The Annual Encampments have been held : 

I. February 27, 1883, Yankton; 11. April 29, 1884, Sioux 
Falls ; III. March 18, 1885, Huron ; lY. March 14, 1886, AYatai'- 
town ; Y. March 24, 1887, Jamestown ; YI. M-arch 26, 188-8, 
Eedfield. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1882-84, *Thoraas "S. Free, Post 10, Sioux Falls ; 1885-86, W. 
Y. Lucas, Post 34, Chamberlain ; 1887, Harriscfn Allen, Post 44, 
Fargo ; 1888, 8. F. Hammond, Post 62, Ashton. Commander 
Hammond had, previous to his removal to Dakota, served as 
Commander of the Department of Wisconsin. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1882-83, Alex. Hughes, Post 7, Yankton ; 1884, fW. Y. Lucas ; 
1885-86, J. B. Dennis, Post 7, Yankton ; 1887, B. F. Campbell, 
Post 10, Sioux Falls ;. 1888, A. S. Bates, Post 44, Fargo. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1883, S. M. Laird, Post 13, Pierre; 1884, K. E. Fleming, 
Post 44, Fargo; 1885-86, Horace G. Wolfe, Post 24, Cavour ; 



* Deceased. t To Department Commander. 



Department of Dakota. 687 

1887, S. M. Booth, Post 94, Custer City ; 1888, W. H. Stoddard, 
Post 10, Sioux Falls. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1884, D. E. Etter, Post 7, Yankton ; 1885-86, W. C. Sherlock, 
Post 44, Fargo ; 1887-88, Wm. A. Bentiey, Post 3, Bismarck. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1884, Geo. A. Cressey, Post 4, Huron ; 1885-86, J. Wallace 
Bell, Post 84, EUendale ; 1886, J. W. Bell, Post 76, White* Lake ; 
1887, J. H. Hartman, Post 65, Jamestown ; 1888, S. G. Updyke, 
Post 74, Brookings (see Chaplaiu-in-Chief, Chapter XXVI). 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1882-83, Wesley S. Potter, Post 10, Sioux Falls ; 1885, A. S. 
Church, Post 34, Chamberlain ; 1886, D. W. Spaulding, Post 34, 
Chamberlain ; 1887, S. H. Jumper, Post 19, Aberdeen ; 1888, J. S. 
Perriton, Post 62, Ashton. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1882, N. C. Nash, Post 11, Canton ; 1883, Edwin O. Kimberly, 
Post 10, Sioux Falls ; succeeded, December 8, 1883, by Wm. Beck- 
ler. Post 10 ; 1885-86, J. E. Jenkins, Post 34, Chamberlain ; 1887, 
C. T. McCoy, Post 19, Aberdeen ; 1888, D. N. Hunt, Post 5, Ked- 
field. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1883, William A. Bentiey, Post 3, Bismarck ; 1884, Herbert 
E. Dewey, Post 13, Pierre ; 1885, C. S. Palmer, Post 10, Sioux 
Falls ; 1886, W. T. Collins, Post 56, Grand Forks ; 1887, M. W. 
Greene, Post 44, Fargo ; 1888, C. S. Palmer, Post 10, Sioux 
Falls. 

INSPECTORS. 

1883, John Kosenthal, Post 1, Fort Yates ; 1884, Noah N. Ty- 
ner. Post 44, Fargo ; 1885, Walter I. Himes, Post 9, Elk Point ; 
1886, J. E. Elson, Post 4, Huron ; 1887, J. W. Gregg, Post 57, 
Wahpeton ; 1888, E. M. Thomas, Post 4, Huron. 



588 Grand Army of the Republic. 

chief mustering officers. 

1883-8^ Horace G. Wolfe, Post 24, Cavour ; 1885, J. L. 
Spaulumg, Post 4, Huron; 1886, E. S. Miller, Post 65, Jamestown; 
1887, E. Z. Bennett, Post 69, Bearsford ; 1888, W. H. Brown, Post 
56, Grand Forks. 

COUNCIL or ADMINISTRxVTION. 

1882 — C. A. Lounsbury, Post 3, Bismarck ; J. A. Wallace, Post 
9, Elk Point ; J. H. Alexander, Post 4, Huron ; A. S. Curtiss, Post 
6, Mitchell ; S. F. Hammond, Post 5, Redfield. 

1883 — J. A. Wallace, re-elected ; J. E. Elson, Post 4, Huron ; 
J. M. Adams, Post 6, Mitchell ; J. L. Jolly, Post 8, Vermillion ; 
G. W. Harlan. 

1884— Walter I. Himes, Post 9, Elk Point ; N. C. Nash, Post 
11, Canton; Geo. R. Lanning, Post 15, Egan ; O. C. Potter, Post 
26, Salem ; C. S. Deering, Post 27, Plankinton. 

1885-86— A. A. Rowley, Post 19, Aberdeen ; B. E. Pay, Post 
55, Oakwood; C. J. Anderson, Post 27, Plankinton; M. T. Wooley, 
Post 7, Yankton ; N. B. Kent, Post 84, Ellendale. 

1887— N. C. Nash, Post 11, Canton ; J. E. Hoffman, Post 4, 
Huron ; E. A. Young, Post 116, Rea Heights ; C. T. Clement, Post 
44, Fargo ; C. H. Lockwood, Post 34, Chamberlain. 

1888— E. E. Huntington, Post 70, Webster ; E. S. Kellogg, 
Post 25, Woonsocket ; D. M. Evans, Post 42, Millbank ; C. S. 
Deering, Post 27, Plankinton ; F A. West, Post 68, Arlington. 



CHAPTER XXX. 

PACIFIC AND MOUNTAIN STATES 

INCLUDING 

CALIFORNIA AND NEVADA, ARIZONA, NEW MEXICO, COLORADO, 
UTAH, OREGON, IDAHO, WYOMING, MONTANA, AND WASHING- 
TON TERRITORY. 



DEPAETMENT OF CALIFOKNIA. 

(California and Nevada.) 

On November 29, 1865, the Society of California Volunteers 
was formed by officers who had served in California regiments 
during the rebellion. It was not only the first veteran organiza- 
tion on the Pacific coast, but was preceded only by the Third 
Corps Union, Society of the Army of the Tennessee, and the 
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the veteran societies now 
maintaining their organization. 

Colonel Edward McGarry, 2d California Volunteer Cavalry, 
was elected President December 2, 1865. 

During the sessions of the National Encampment in San Fran- 
cisco, the Society kept " open house " for visiting comrades, and 
though having no connection with the Grand Army, nearly 
every member belongs to some Post of the Department of Cali- 
fornia. 

The officers for 1888-89 are : President, T. H. Goodman, 2d 
California Cavalry ; First Vice-President, James L. Homer, 6th 
Infantry ; Second Vice-President, Lysander Washburn, 3d Infan- 
try ; Treasurer, C. Mason Kinne, California Hundred: Corre- 
sponding Secretary, Elisha Brooks, 8th Infantry ; Piecording 
Secretary, Jno. C. Innes, 2d Infantry. Captain Innes has been 
Secretary since the organization of the Society. 

Early in 1867, Major T. J. Blakeney, of Sacramento, who had 

[589] 



590 



Grand Army of the Republic. 




Captain C. Mason Kinne. 



been on a visit East, re- 
tnrueil with autliority to 
organize the Grand Army 
of the Republic on the 
Pacific coast. On his ar- 
rival in San Francisco, he 
explained the objects of 
the Grand Army of the Re- 
public to a number of vet- 
erans, among them T. W. 
Scott, O. C. Miller, James 
Coey, Z. B. Adams, AY. E. 
McArthur, Jerome Sullivan, 
Edward B. Jerome and James 
Fitzpatrick. 

The " obligation " was 
administered to these mem- 
bers in a novel manner on the ocean beach below the Cliff House, 
on the evening of April 15, 1867. 

The formal organization of Post No. 1 was completed in the 
City Hall, San Francisco, on April 22, with the following addi- 
tional charter-members : W. B. Anderson, T. J. Blakeney, S. W. 
Backus, P. W. Belliugall, Geo. E. Baldwin, Jno. C. Cremony, 
Thos. H. Craig, Thompson Campbell, Jr., Benjamin Collins, Jr., 
James Grant, John A. Hill, Edw^ard Ingham, C. Mason Kinne, 
Chas. M. Leavy, J. M. McNulty, I. R. Mcintosh, Chas. Roberts, 
Robert A. Sedgwick, John W. Sim, F. D. Sweetser, W. Stanton, 
A. G. Soule, Henry Schrow, D. AV. C. Thompson, and Frank K. 
Upham. O. C. Miller was elected Post Commander. 

On May 7, 1807, under the authority conferred upon him. 
Major Blakeney named John F. Miller as the Provisional Com- 
mander, Department of California. General Miller assumed com- 
mand on May 8, and appointed Colonel James Coey, Assistant 
Adjutant-General. 

General John Franklin Miller, Provisional Commander, was a 
native of Indiana, and entered on the jjractice of law in South 
Bend in 1852. In 1800, lie was elected State Senator, but re- 
signed in 1801, to organize and command, as Colonel, the 29th 
Indiana Volunteers. 

He was severely wounded at Ijiberty Gap, June 24, 1863, and 
it was thought at first was mortally wounded, by a bullet pass- 



Department of California. 591 

ing througli his left eye, but by January, 1864, lie had sufficiently 
recovered to resume his duties, and as Brigadier-General was 
placed in command of Nashville. For services in the battle of 
Nashville, December 15, 1864, he was brevetted Major-General 
U. S. V. 

He was mustered-out September 25, 1865, and then located in 
California. "VYas Collector of the Port at San Francisco for four 
years, and in 1880 was chosen United States Senator, entering 
on his duties March 8, 1881. He died, while so serving, March 
8, 1886. 

The Department was soon thoroughly established, but the 
same causes that so severely affected all other Departments, 
made it impossible to hold its membership. In 1874, there were 
but four Posts rej)orted, with 172 members, and during the next 
year, with an increase of one new Post, the membership had 
further declined to 147 members. In 1876 there were four Posts 
and 108 members ; in 1877 three Posts only remained, Lincoln 
Post, now No. 1, in San Francisco, Sumner Post No. 3, in Sacra- 
mento, and Farragut Post No. 4, in Vallejo. 

From this time onward there was an increase in interest and 
in Posts and membership, each year showing better than the year 
preceding. 

Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Arizona were all at- 
tached to the Department of California, and Posts were organized 
in each which have been since transferred to the separate Depart- 
ments now formed in the States or Territories named, except Ne- 
vada, which remains with California under the title of the De- 
partment of California. 

In 1882, Comrade Charles H. Eldridge mustered Geo. H. De 
Long Post No. 45, at Honolulu, with eighteen charter members, 
R. W. Laine, Post Commander. This Post contributed $50 to the 
Charleston, South Carolina, Fund. It maintains a vigorous or- 
ganization, and its observance of Memorial Day attracts general 
attention and a large attendance. 

Encampments of the Department of California have been held 
as follows : 

ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

I. February 21, 1868 ; II. January 26, 1869, and III. January 
28, 1870, at San Francisco ; IV. January 20, 1871, Sacramento ; 



592 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Y. January 20, 1872, and VI. January 19, 1873, San Francisco ; 
YII. January 24, 1874, Vallejo ; VIII. January 23, 1875, Sacra- 
mento ; IX. January 29, 1876, and X. January 20, 1877, San 
Francisco ; XI. January 20, 1878, Sacramento ; XII. January i4, 
1879, San Francisco ; XIII. January 23, 1880, Oakland ; XIV. 
January 21, 1881, San Francisco ; XV. February 17, 1882, San 
Jose ; XVI. January 19, 1883, San Francisco ; XVII. January 
23, 1884, San Francisco ; XVIII. February 18, 1885, San Fran- 
cisco ; XIX. February 18, 1886, Sacramento ; XX. February 21, 
1887, Los Angeles ; XXI. March 14, 1888, Santa Eosa. 

SEMI-ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

July 23, 1869, San Francisco ; July 15, 1870, Vallejo. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1867, Provisional, *Jolin F. Miller, Post 1, San Francisco ; 
1868-69, Permanent Department, James Coey, Post 1, San Fran- 
cisco (see Junior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Chapter X); 1870, W. 
L. Campbell, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1871-72, W. E. McArthur, Post 
1, San Francisco ; 1873-74, W. H. Aiken, Post 1, San Francisco ; 
1875, Ed. Carlson, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1876, Wm. Crosby, Post 
10, San Francisco ; resigned October, 1876 ; A. C. Bagley, Senior 
Vice-Commander, in command ; 1877, S. W. Backus, Post 10, San 
Francisco (see Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Chapter XXV) ; 
1878-79, S. P. Ford, Post 10, San Francisco ; 1880-81, C. Mason 
Kinne, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1882, W. A. Robinson, Post 2, San 
Francisco ; 1883, James AY. Staples, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1884, 
J. M. Davis, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1885, K. H. Warfield, Post 16, 
Healdsburg ; 1886, W. R. Smedberg, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1887, 
Ed. S. Salomon, Post 34, San Francisco ; 1888, T. H. Goodman, 
Post 2, San Francisco. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868, Geo. S. Evans, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1869, James N. 01- 
ney. Post 2, San Francisco ; 1870, tS. AY Backus ; 1871, Geo. H. 
Kobinson, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1872, Clias. E. Lancaster, Post 1, 
San Francisco ; 1873-74, W. R. Cox, Post 12, Vallejo ; 1875, tWm. 



* Deceased. f To Department Commander. 



Department of California. 593 

Crosby ; 1876, A. C. Bagley, Post 4, Yallejo — in command of the 
Department after resignation of Department Commander Crosby, 
October, 1876 ; 1877, D. J. Simmons, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1878, 
Jno. F. Slieelian, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1879, E. B. Zabriskie, Post 
5, Carson City, Nevada ; 1880-81, W. F. Ellis, Post 7, San Jose ; 
1882, *J. M. Davis ; 1883, *R. H. Warfield ; 1884, A. G. Bennett, 
Post 7, San Jose ; 1885, H. A. Burnett, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1886, 
Geo. E. Gard, Post 6, Los Angeles ; 1887, M. D. Hamilton, Post 
33, San Diego ; 1888, A. J. Buckles, Post 4, Yallejo. 



JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1868, James F. Curtis, Post 5, Los Angeles ; 1869, W. L. 
Campbell, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1870, Jno. L. Gamble, Post 12, 
Vallejo ; 1871, tClias. E. Lancaster ; 1872, fW. R. Cox ; 1873, F. 
C. Lord, Post 8, Virginia City, Nevada ; 1874, Geo. H. Robinson, 
Post 2, San Francisco ; 1875, Stephen Finnell, Post 4, Vallejo ; 
again elected 1878 ; 1876, fD. J. Simmons ; 1877, Geo. L. Vor- 
hees. Post 4, Vallejo ; again elected 1880 ; 1879, fGeo. E. Gard ; 
1881, tJ. M. Davis ; 1882, tR. H. Warfield ; 1883, fA. G. Bennett ; 
1885, H. C. Dibble, Post 36, Tombstone, Arizona Territory ; 1886, 
S. F. Daniels,. Post 8, Oakland ; 1887, Allen T. Bird, Post 65, 
Woodland ; resigned December 24, 1887 ; succeeded by R. S. John- 
son, Post 23, Stockton ; 1888, J. B. Fuller, Post 80, Marysville. 



MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1868-69, S. F. Elliott, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1870, A. T. Hud- 
son, Post 9, Stockton ; 1871-74, P. H. Humphrey, Post 2, San 
Francisco ; 1875, J. W. Clawson, Post 10, San Francisco ; 1876- 
78, Chas. H. Wyman, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1879-80, A. McMahon, 
Post 7, San Jose ; 1881, L. L. Dorr, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1882- 
83, J. C. Tucker, Post 11, Alameda (to Surgeon-General, Chapter 
XXII); 1884, E. P. Wood, Post 38, St. Helena: 1885, G. M. 
Pease, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1886, N. S. Hamlin, 1 ost 80, Marys- 
ville ; 1887, J. C. Stout, Post 42, San Jose ; 1888, H. C. Crowder, 
Post 20, Santa Rosa. 



* To Department Commander. + To Senior Vice-Commander. 

£8 



594 Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

chaplains. 

1868-69 and 1871-73, A. L. Stone, D.D., Post 2, San Fran- 
cisco ; 1870, D. N. Coey, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1874-81 and 
1884, T. K. Noble, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1882-83, A. S. Fiske, 
Post 2, San Francisco ; 1885, L. W. Simmons, Post 64, Kelsey- 
ville ; 1886, W. L. Stephens, Post 38, St. Helena ; 1887, E. K. 
Dille, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1888, Winfield Scott, Post 2, San 
Francisco. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1867, *James Coey ; 1868, Frank Miller, Post 3, Sacramento ; 
1869, Ed. G. Haynes, Post 3, Sacramento ; resigned 1870 ; suc- 
ceeded by * W. E. McArthur ; 1871, A. H. W. Creigli, Post 1, San 
Francisco ; 1872, C. J. Stees, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1873-74, 
James E. Hughes, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1875, H. W. Thain, 
Post 3, Sacramento ; 1876, C. H. Eldridge, Post 10, San Francisco ; 
resigned August 24 ; succeeded by D. M. Knowlton, Post 10, San 
Francisco, who died December, 1877 ; 1877, S. P. Ford, Post 10, 
San Francisco ; 1878-79, *C. Mason Kinne ; 1880, Frank F. Stone, 
Post 2, San Francisco ; 1881, *W. A. Robinson ; 1882, Geo. M. 
McCarty, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1883, Horace Wilson, Post 2, 
San Francisco ; 1884, Jno. H. Gilmore, Post 2 ; resigned ; suc- 
ceeded by J. B. "Whittemore, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1885, *W. 
R. Sraedberg; 1886-88, Thomas S. Taylor, Post 2, San Fran- 
cisco. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1868, John Hanna, Post 1, San Francisco ; resigned in 1869 ; 
succeeded by W. A. Robinson, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1870, Theo. 
M. AVate, Post 1, San Francisco ; resigned ; succeeded by C. H. 
Eldridge, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1873-74, AVm. H. Armstrong, 
Post 2, San Francisco ; 1875, T. AV. Sheehan, Post 3, Sacramento ; 
1876, S. P. Ford, Post 10, San Francisco (to Assistant Adjutant- 
General) ; 1877, C. P. Kelly, Post 10, San Francisco ; 1879-83, 
O. B. Culver, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1884, Chas. H. Bliun, Post 
2, San Francisco ; resigned August 18 ; succeeded by Jos. R. 
Cowen, Post 1 ; 1885-87, R. H. Orton, Post 1, San Francisco ; re- 



* To Department Commander. 



Department of California. 695 

signed November 27, 1887 ; appointed Adjutant-General State of 
California ; succeeded, as Assistant Quartermaster-General, by 
J. J. Lyon, Post 1, San Francisco. 

INSPECTORS. 

1868-69, Assistant Inspector-General Frank Miller, Post 3, 
Sacramento ; 1870, T. W. Sheehan, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1871, 
Chas. J. Stees, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1872, Frank Miller, Post 
3, Sacramento ; 1875, Jas. E. Hughes, Post 10, San Francisco ; 
1876, D. M. Casliin, Post 10 ; 1877, Ed. Byrnes, Post 10 ; 1878, J. 
D. Bailey, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1879-80, W. A. Eobinson, Post 1, 
San Francisco ; 1881-82, *.T. W. Staples ; 1883, Ed. S. Salomon, 
Post 34, San Francisco ; 1884, T. H. Allen, Post 50, Oakland ; 
1885, Walter H. Holmes, Post 2 ; resigned ; succeeded by John T. 
Cutting, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1886, R. S. Johnson, Post 23, 
Stockton ; 1887, J. J. Lyon, appointed Assistant Quartermaster- 
General ; succeeded by E. C. J. Adney, Post 8, Oakland ; 1888, 
S. E. Goe, Post 2, San Francisco. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1869, W. H. Aiken, Post 1, San Francisco ; 1870, Robert Rob- 
inson, Post 3, Sacramento ; 1871, Joseph Yandor, Post 5, San 
Francisco ; 1872, W. H. Aiken ; 1873, Joseph Vandor ; 1875, J. A. 
Waymire, Post 10, San Francisco ; 1877-78, W. H. Aiken ; 1879, 
C. N. Harris, Post 5, Carson City, Nevada ; 1880, H. D. Scripture, 
Post 2, San Francisco ; 1881, H. J. McJunkiu, Post 2, San Fran- 
cisco ; 1882-83, Chas. E. Wilson, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1884, 
Jno. Ellsworth, Post 11, Alameda ; 1885, S. F. Daniels, Post 8, 
Oakland ; 1886, W. H. L. Barnes, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1887, 
H. D. Talcott, Post 2, San Francisco ; 1888, E. M. Gibson, Post 
8, Oakland. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1875, Geo. H. Robinson, Post 10, San Francisco ; 1876, T. H. 
Craig, Post 10, San Francisco ; 1877, Geo. Buxton, Post 4, Vallejo ; 
1878, Geo. L. Vorhees, Post 4, Vallejo ; 1879, T. S. Hall, Post 6, 
Los Angeles ; 1880, E. B. Zabriskie, Post 5, Carson City, Nevada ; 
1881, C. N. Harris, Post 5, Carson City, Nevada; 1882, Orrin 
Taber, Post 7, San Jose ; 1883, Eugene Lehe, Post 23, Stockton ; 
* To Department Commander. 



o96 Grand Army of the Republic. 

1884, H. B. Worcester, Post 7, San Jose ; 1885, L. Finnigan, Post 
7, San Jose ; ISSf), L. B. Edwards, Post 8, Oakland ; 1887, F. H. 
iSwett, Post 20, bauta Rosa ; 1888, E. R. Merriman, Post 42, San 
Jose. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1868—0. C. Miller, Post 1, San Francisco ; J. N. Olney and 
Ed. Ingham, Post 2, San Francisco ; W. G. Morris, Napa ; John 
F. Sheehan, Post 3, Sacramento. 

1869— W. H. Aiken, S. W. Backus, Post 1, San Francisco ; E. 
D. Shirlaud, Post '.), Sacramento ; John L. Gamble, Post 12, Val- 
lejo ; Thos. E. Ketcham, Post 9, Stockton. 

1870— E. D. Shirland, Taos. E. Ketcham, re-elected; C. E. 
Lancaster, Post 1, San Francisco ; E. T. Starr, Post 12, Yallejo ; 
C. Brower, Post 2, San Francisco ; resigned ; succeeded by W. H. 
Aiken, Post 4, San Francisco. 

1871— T. W. Sheehan, I. S. Moore, Post 3, Sacramento ; Jos. 
Anderson, Post 12, Yallejo ; J. L. Van Bokkelen, Post 23, Virginia 
City, Nevada ; A. H. W. Creigh, Post 1, San Francisco ; resigned ; 
succeeded by James O'Brien, Post 1, Avho died July 23, 1871 ; W. 
H. Aiken, Post 1, elected to fill the vacancy. 

1872— A. H. W. Creigh, J. L. Van Bokkelen, re-elected ; W. F. 
R. Schindler, Post 5, San Francisco ; Geo. F. Ford, Post 8, Vir- 
ginia City, Nevada ; \V. L. Campbell, Post 3, Sacramento. 

1873— W. F. R. Schindler, re-elected ; F. W. Gushing, Post 12, 
Vallejo ; A. V. Comstock, Post 8, Virginia City, Nevada ; Timo- 
thy Sullivan, Post 3, Sacramento ; R. C. Lord, Post 1, San Fran- 
cisco. 

1874 — F. W. Gushing, A. V. Comstock, re-elected ; S. W. Back- 
us, Post 1, San Francisco ; C. Mason Kinue, Post 2, San Fran- 
cisco ; Frank Miller, Post 3, Sacramento. 

1875— C. Mason Kinne, Frank Miller, re-elected ; J. F. Sheelian, 
Post 3, Sacramento ; Geo. Buxton, Post 4, Vallejo ; N. D. Bur- 
lingham. Post 9, Greenwood. 

1876 — C. INIason Kinne, John F. Sheehan, N. D. Burlingham, 
re-elected ; S. W. ]3;ickus, Post 10, San Francisco ; Wm. Eraser, 
Post 4, Yallejo. 



"Department of California. 597 

1877 — C.Mason Kinne, John F. Sheehan, re-elected; A. C. 
Bagley, Post 4, Vallejo ; S. P. Ford, J. J. Lyon, Post 10, San 
Francisco. 

1878 — C. Mason Kinne, A. C. Bagley, re-elected ; J. C. Sar- 
gent, Geo. W. Irelan, Post 10, San Francisco ; N. C. Bennett, Post 
3, Sacramento. 

1879 — Geo. W. Irelan, re-elected ; J. A. Biirlingame, Post 5, 
Carson City, Nevada ; C. H. Buck, Geo. W. B.irter, Post 8, Oak- 
land ; Louis Dampf, Post 1, San Francisco. 

1880 — Geo. W. Irelan, re-elected ; Jos, L. Tharp, Post 2, San 
Francisco ; L. Tozer, Post 3 Sacramento ; H. R. Brown, Post 6, 
Los Angeles ; B. Ambrust, Post 10, Virginia City, Nevada. 

1881 — Geo. W. Irelan, L. Tozer, re-elected; A. G. Bennett, 
Post 7, San Jose ; G. L. Harris, Post 2, San Francisco ; C. P. 
Yates, Post 1, Portland, Oregon. 

1882 — Geo. W. Irelan, G. L. Harris, A. G. Bennett, re-elected ; 
J. L. Skinner, Post 3, Sacramento ; A. W. Collins, Post 8, Oak- 
land. 

1883— Geo. L. Harris, re-elected ; I. S. Moore, Post 3, Sacra- 
mento ; F. Hanson, Post 1, San Francisco ; Wyman Murphy, Post 
20, Santa Rosa ; A. Hollywood, Post 8, Oakland. 

1884 — Geo. L. Harris, A. Hollywood, re-elected ; J. C. Bolles, 
Post 1, San Francisco ; W. R. Thomas, Post 50, Oakland ; A. W. 
Sefton, Post 54, Sacramento. 

1885 — Geo. L. Harris, A. Hollywood, re-elected ; J. T. Cun- 
ningham, Post 32, Santa Cruz ; Allen T. Bird, Post 65, Wood- 
land ; I. S. Loventhal, Post 9, Modesto. 

1886— Geo. L. Harris, Allen T. Bird, re-elected ; J. H. Bar- 
bour, Post 42, San Jose ; Clark E. Royce, Post 2, San Francisco ; 
Frank D. Sweetser, Post 1, San Francisco, 

1887— W. J. Ruddick, Post 48, San Francisco ; G. Wiley Wells, 
Post 55, Los Angeles ; F, M. Cooley, Post 8, Oakland ; F, H, 
Bacon, Post 2, San Francisco ; J, Calder Innes, Post 1, San Fran- 
cisco, 

1888— F. P, McFeeley, Post 8, Oakland ; F. Myers, Post 1, 
San Francisco ; B, O, Carr, Post 38, St, Helena ; H. Z. Osborn, 
Post 55, Los Angeles ; G. D. Kellogg, Post 71, Newcastle. 



598 Grand Army of the Republic. 

The members of the Department of California, in 1888, repre- 
sented 1,564 regiments or batteries and 128 ships of Avar, and 
every State or Territory that furnished troops during the war. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

In 1880, upon the suggestion of the Department Encampment, 
the Legishiture passed an Act making May 30, a legal holiday. 

MONUMENT TO R. C. GRIDLEY. 

Post No. 23, of Stockton, has undertaken the work, probably 
for the first time in the history of the Order, of erecting a monu- 
ment in memory of one who was not in actual service during the 
rebellion, a work, nevertheless, that will meet with general ap- 
proval. R. C. Gridley, merchant in Austin, Nevada, during the 
war made an election bet which required the loser to carry a 
fifty-pound sack of flour through the streets of that town. Mr. 
Gridley lost the wager, and commenced the task agreed upon. 
During his tramp through the streets he was surrounded by a 
large crowd, and at the conclusion of his trip he put the sack up at 
auction and bid it in to himself for $300. As if by an inspiration, 
he made a proposition that it should be again put up at auction, 
and the proceeds be devoted to the United States Sanitary Com- 
mission. 

This took like wild-fire, and under the stimulus of this act, 
Gridley carried the sack of flour to a large number of j^laces on 
the Pacific coast, each vieing with the other in earnest applica- 
tions for a chance to l)id on the flour. Telegrams were showered 
in on him, and delegations traveled hundreds of miles to make 
ofi'ers for the privilege of being the next bidders. 

His labors netted the Sanitary Commission nearly $250,000, 
but his own business was broken up, his health shattered, and 
later he died in Stockton. Post No. 23 has determined to a})- 
proprip.tely mark an event which so greatly aided the soldiers and 
sailors in the service. 

THE veterans' home. 

In 1877, comrade J. J. Lyons, Post Commander Lincoln Post 
No. 1, San Francisco, introduced a resolution relative to the es- 
tablishment of a Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, but a number of 



Department of Arizona. 599 

complications prevented carrying out that project until 1881, 
when an appeal was made to the public for subscriptions, and en- 
tertainments were given by Posts of the State to raise funds for 
the Home. As the result of these efforts, nearly $39,000 was se- 
cured. 

A tract of land containing 910 acres, situated near Yountville, 
Napa county, was purchased for $17,750, and early in 1883 con- 
tracts were awarded for the construction of a part of the main 
building. The Home was opened April, 1884, with 14 inmates, 
the number being increased during the year to 6!2, and is now 
caring for 242. The State allows $150 per annum for each inmate, 
thus relieving the Grand Army of that responsibility, but the 
management is vested in 20 Grand Army comrades and 5 veterans 
of the Mexican War. 

The Committee on Management of the Twentieth National 
Encampment, on closing up their affairs, had on hand a balance 
of nearly $6,000. With this they erected, on the grounds of the 
Home, a handsome Memorial Cottage. 

The Managers of the National Homes for Disabled Veterans 
have since located a branch of the National Homes near Santa 
Monica, California. The new Home, when completed, will afford 
accommodation for all the needy veterans on the Pacific coast. 



DEPARTMENT OF ARIZONA. 

Seven Posts were organized in Arizona by the Department of 
California. These, by General Orders from National Headquar- 
ters, September 10, 1887, were transferred to the Provisional De- 
partment of Arizona. 

Negley Post, now No. 1, Tucson, was organized October 28, 
1881 ; Burnside Post No. 2, Tombstone, November 1, 1881 ; Bar- 
rett Post No. 3, Prescott, June 23, 1883 ; T. E. G. Ransom Post No. 
4, Flagstaff, October 28, 1883 ; J. AV. Owens Post No. 5, Phoenix, 
September 24, 1885 ; J. W. S. Alexander Post No. 6, Globe, January 
19, 1886. John A. Logan Post No. 7 has been since organized at 
Tempe, Maricopa county. Kehoe Post, at Bisbee, was also or- 
ganized by the Department of California, but was not represented 
in the transfer. 

The officers of the Provisional Department were : Commander, 
A. L. Grow, Post 2, Tombstone ; Senior Vice-Commander, Hamp- 



600 Grand Army of the Republic. 

toil Ellis, Post fi, Globe ; Junior Vice-Commander, Louis Burns, 
Post -i, Flagstati" ; Assistant Adjutant-General, T. A. Atcliiuson, 
Post 2, Tombstone ; Assistant Quartermaster-General, A. B. 
Sampson, Post 1, Tucson ; Council of Administration — J. A. Za- 
briskie. Post 1, Tucson ; G. AV. Sines, Post '3, Prescott ; D. F. 
Hart, Post 4, Flagstaff ; J. E. Wharton, Post 5, Phoenix ; Geo. A. 
Allen, Post G, Globe. 

The Permanent Department was organized at Phoenix, Janu- 
ary 17, 1888, the Posts named, except those at Prescott and one 
at Bisbee, being represented. 

The following were elected or appointed officers of the De- 
partment : 

Department Commander, A. L. Grow, Post 2, Tombstone ; 
Senior Vice-Commander, Hampton Ellis, Post 6, Globe ; Junior 
Vice-Commander, Edward Schwartz, Post 5, Phoenix ; Medical 
Director, J. E. Wharton, Post 5, Phoenix ; Chaplain, Geo. W. 
Saunders, Post 1, Tucson ; Assistant Adjutant-General, T. A. At- 
chison, Post 2, Tombstone ; Assistant Quartermaster-General, 
Geo. F. Coates, Post 5, Phoenix; Inspector, D. F. Hart, Post 4, 
Flagstaff; Judge-Advocate, J. A. Zabriskie, Post 1, Tucson; Chief 
Mustering Officer, Thomas Hughes, Post 1, Tucson ; Council of 
Administration — Geo. W. Brown, Post 1, Tucson ; B. S. Coffman, 
Post 2, Tombstone ; J. G. Savage, Post 4, Flagstaff; Geo. A. 
Allen, Post G, Globe ; Geo. F. Coates, Post 5, Phoenix. 



DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO. 

McRae Post No. 1 was organized at Santa Fe, October 9, 1867, 
and on February 10, 1868, New Mexico was constituted a Pro- 
visional Department, with General H. H. Heath, Commander, and 
Eben Everett, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

General Gustavus A. Smith, now deceased, formerly Colonel 
35th Illinois Infantry, succeeded General Heath as Provisional 
Commander. 

In 1871, Wingate Post No. 2 was organized at Fort Union ; 
Dodd Post No. 8, at Santa Fe, and McPherson Post No. 4, at 
Silver City. All these Posts were disbanded in 1873, and the 
Provisional Department was discontinued. 



Department of New Mexico. 601 

reorganization. 

Through the efforts principally of Comrade J. C. Walkinshaw, 
Commander, Department of Kansas, Thomas Post No. 1, was or- 
ganized at Las Yegas, May 30, 1882, and was temporarily attached 
to the Department of Kansas. Later it was transferred to the 
Department of Colorado as Post 21. 

In 1883, Sedgwick Post, Raton, and Carleton Post, Santa Fe, 
were chartered as Posts 37 and 39, Department of Colorado. 

With these Posts, re-numbered 1, 2 and 3, the Provisional 
Department of New Mexico was organized May 28, 1883, by Com- 
mander-in-Chief Yan Der Yoort, then returning from an official 
visit to the Pacific coast. 

The officers of the Provisional Department were : Commander, 
Henry M. Atkinson, Santa Fe ; Senior Yice-Commander, J. J. 
Fitzgerrell, Las Yegas ; Junior Yice-Commander, T. W. Collier, 
Eaton ; Assistant Adjutant-General, W. S. Fletcher, Santa Fe ; 
Assistant Quartermaster-General, D. B. Abrahams. 

Soon after Posts were established — No. 4, at Wallace ; No. 5, 
Albuquerque, and No. 6, Socorro. With these the permanent 
organization was completed on July 14, 1883, when Commander 
Atkinson was elected Department Commander^ and so served 
until February 22, 1884. 

Comrade Atkinson served during the rebellion in the 2d Ne- 
braska Yolunteer Cavalry. He died October 17» 1886. 

ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

L July 14, 1883, Santa Fe ; 11. February 22, 1884, Las Yegas ; 
in. February 27, 1885, Albuquerque; lY. February 22, 1886, 
Socorro ; Y. February 8, 1887, Santa Fe ; YI. March 28, 1888, 
Las Yegas. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1883, *Henry M. Atkinson, Post 3, Santa Fe ; 1884, Edward 
W. Wynkoop, Post 3, Santa Fe ; 1885, J. J. Fitzgerrell, Post 1, 
Las Yegas ; 1886, Elias S. Stover, Post 5, Albuquerque ; 1887, 
John Y. Hewitt, Post 10, White Oaks ; 1888, Francis Downs, Post 
3, Santa Fe. 

* Deceased. 



602 Grand Army of the Republic. 

senior vice-commanders. 

1883, *J. J. Fitzgerrell ; 1884, S. W. Dorsey, Post 2, Raton ; 
1885, A. J. Bahney, Post 6, Socorro ; 1886, John A. Miller, Post 
7, Silver City ; 1887, Geo. W. Hartman, Post 1, Las Vegas ; 1888, 
J. C. Bromagem, Post 1, Las Vegas. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

Provisional, Thos. "W. Collier, Post 2, Raton ; 1883, Geo. W. 
Fox, Post 6, Socorro ; 1884, tA. J. Balmey; 1885, S. H. Bogardus, 
Post 4, Wallace ; 1886, D. Gochenauer, Post 6, Socorro ; 1887, J. 
D. Whitham, Post 12, Kingston ; 1888, Clarence T. Barr, Post 10, 
White Oaks. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1883-85, S. Aubright, Post 5, Albuquerque; 1886, W. B. Lyon, 
Post 5, Albuquerque; 1887-88, M. W. Bobbins, Post 1, Las 
Vegas. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1883, M. H. Murphy; 1884-88, Thomas Harwood, Post 1, 
Las Vegas. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1883-84, W. S. Fletcher, Post 3, Santa Fe ; 1885, Jno. C. Bro- 
magem, Post 1, Las Vegas ; 1886, Albert Aubin, Post 5, Albu- 
querque ; succeeded by W. H. Whiteman, Post 5 ; 1887, Lee H. 
Rudisille, Post 10, White Oaks ; 1888, Jas. H. Purdy, Post 3, 
Santa Fe. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1883, June 16 to October 24, D. B. Abrahams, Post 3, Santa 
Fe ; October 24, 1883, to December 12, 1884, Franklin Jordan, 
Post 3 ; 1885, Orlando Smith, Post 1, Las Vegas ; 1886, Harry R. 
Whiting, Albuquerque; 1887, Ed. R. Bonnell, Post 10, White 
Oaks ; 1888, Henry M. Davis, Post 3, Santa Fe. 

INSPECTORS. 

1884, J. AV. Crawford, Post 3, Santa Fe ; 1885, Geo. W. Hart- 
man, Post 1, Las Vegas ; 1886, Byron A. Knowles, Post 8, Dem- 
ing ; 1887-88, Jno. P. Hylaud, Post 12, Kingston. 

* To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Depaktment of New Mexico. 601: 



JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 



1883, C. C. McComas, Post 5, Albuquerque ; 1884, Geo. W. 
Fox, Post 6, Socorro ; 1885, A. M. Whitcomb, Post 5, Albuquer- 
que ; succeeded by Harry K. Whiting, Post 5 ; 1886, M. A, Bree- 
den, Post 3, Santa Fe ; 1887, Jas. H. Purdy, Post 3, Santa Fe ; 
1888, W. H. Whiteman, Post 5, Albuquerque. 

CHIEF MUSTEBING OFFICERS. 

1884, S. H. Bogardus, Post 4, Wallace ; succeeded by W. F. 
Crane ; 1885, Chas. P. Duffy ; 1886, Louis Hommel, Post 1, Las 
Vegas ; 1887, John H. Mills, Post 6, Socorro ; 1888, Wm. Caffrey, 
Post 10, White Oaks. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1883— Thos. W. Collier, Post 2, Katon ; A. J. Bahney, Post 6, 
Socorro ; S. H. Bogardus, Post 4, Wallace ; Harry R. Whiting, 
Post 5, Albuquerque. 

1884— Geo. W. Cook, Post 2, Raton ; J. A. Lockhart, Post 8, 
Deming ; W. T. Crane, Post 5, Albuquerque ; John Hill, Post 1, 
Las Vegas ; Jas. H. Purdy, Post 3, Santa Fe. 

1885— W. F. Crane, Jas. H. Purdy, re-elected ; W. D. Lee, Post 
1, Las Vegas ; W. H. Moore, Post 4, Wallace ; E. R. Bonnell, Post 
10, White Oaks. 

1886 — Jas. H. Purdy, W- D- Lee, re-elected ; Richard Giblin, 
Post 4, Wallace ; Robert H. Morselander, Post 6, Socorro ; O. L. 
Scott, Post 7, Silver City. 

1887— W. D. Lee, O. L. Scott, re-elected ; Ed. Johnson, Post 
1, Las Vegas ; John Powers, Post 9, Fort Bayard ; John S. Craw- 
ford, Post 12, Kingston. 

1888— Eli Caldwell, Post 1, Las Vegas ; Alex. M. Story, Post 
12, Kingston ; John Long, Post 2, Raton ; Smith H. Simpson, 
Post 3, Santa Fe ; Lee H. Rudisille, Post 10, White Oaks. 

The Posts of this Department are (1888) located as follows : 
Thomas Post No. 1, Las Vegas ; Sedgwick Post No. 2, Raton ; 
Carleton Post No. 3, Santa Fe ; G. K. AVarren Post No. 5, Albu- 
querque ; Slough Post No. 6, Socorro ; McRae Post No. 7, Silver 
City ; Custer Post No. 8, Deming ; John A. Logan Post No. 9, 



0)0-4 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Fort Bayard ; Kearny Post No. 10, White Oaks ; U. S. Grant 
Post No. 11, Hillsboro' ; Veteran Post No. 12, Kingston ; Lincoln 
Post No. 13, Aztec. 

" KIT " CARSON MONUMENT. 

On Memorial Day, 1885, a monument erected at Santa Fe, in 
memory of Brevet Brigadier-General " Kit " Carson, Colonel 1st 
Regiment New Mexico Volunteer Cavalry, was dedicated with 
imposing ceremonies. 

This monument was built by contributions secured by the De- 
partment of New Mexico, but mainly through the liberality of 
Comrade S. "\V. Dorsey. Several " Kit " Carson Posts of other 
Departments also contributed. 



DEPARTMENT OF COLORADO. 

(Colorado and Wyoming, formerly the Mountain Department.) 

Colorado and Wyoming were constituted a Provisional De- 
partment November 14, 1868, Dr. F. J. Bancroft, Denver, Com- 
mander. In 1869, six Posts were reported, and the Department, 
though small in membership, was in good condition up to 1871. 
In that year, however, several Posts were disbanded. Posts had 
been established at several Army stations in Wyoming, and soon 
outnumbered the Posts in Colorado. On January 28, 1875, the 
Department of Colorado was abolished, and a new Department 
created under the title Mountain Department, including in its 
bounds the Territories of Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, Montana 
and Dakota. 

Andrew Taylor, since deceased, then at Fort Sanders, was ap- 
pointed Provisional Commander of the neAv Department, with the 
following staflf : Senior Vice-Commander, J. R. Southwick ; Jun- 
ior Vice-Commander, Jas. Ferguson, who was later succeeded by 
Herman Niemetz; Assistant Adjutant-Cioneral, Henry A. Joy; 
succeeded, December 20, 1876, by Frank E. Brown ; Assistant 
Quartermaster-General, James Cunniiighaiii. 

By the earliest labors of ('ommander Taylor and his associates 
a sufficient number of Posts were formed to warrant forming a 



Department of Colorado. 605 

permanent Department, but Comrade Taylor died November 1, 
1879, before this could be effected. The Commander-in-Chief di- 
rected a Convention of Posts to be called on December 11, 1879, 
at Laramie City, when a permanent Department was formed, with 
J. W. Donnellan as Commander. 

The changes of regimental stations, however, so weakened the 
Department that it was discontinued July 31, 1882, and reverted 
to its original condition as the Department of Colorado, with the 
Territory of Wyoming attached to it. 

The officers of the Mountain Department, during its existence, 
other than those above given, were as follows : 

Department Commanders. — 1879-80, J. AY. Donnellan, Laramie, 
Wyoming Territory ; 1881-82, E. K. Stimson, Denver, Colorado. 

Senior Vice- Commanders. — 1880, Jas. S. Lowell ; 1881, H. K. 
Miller, Georgetown, Colorado ; 1882, A. P. Curry, Leadville, Col- 
orado. 

Junior Vice-Commanders. — 1880, Judson H. Rust ; 1881, O. P. 
Yelton, Laramie, Wyoming Territory ; 1882, John W. Connor, 
Laramie, Wyoming Territory. 

Medical Directors. — 1881, J. H. Finfrock, Laramie ; 1882, A. 
8. Everett, Denver. 

Chaplains.— 1881, Earl Cranston ; 1882, T. E. Palmer. 

Assistant Adjutants-General. — 1879-80, Chas. AY. Spalding, 
Fort Sanders, Wyoming Territory ; 1881-82, M. J. Fitz Gerald, 
Denver. 

Assistant Quartermasters-General. — 1881, Geo. H. Kimball; 
1882, R. M. Stevenson, Denver. 

Inspectors. — 1881, O. R. Butler ; 1882, Leouidas Smith, Boul- 
der, Colorado. 

Judge-Advocates. — 1881-82, John A. Coulter, Georgetown, 
Colorado. 

Chief Mustering Officers. — 1881-82, Theo. F. Brown, Denver. 

COUNCIL OF administration. 

1881 — C. W. Spalding, Laramie City; Will Y^oungson, George- 
towrii ; W. J. Watts, Fort Sanders ; Geo. AYest, Golden ; Theo. F. 
Brown, Denver. 



606 Grand Army of the Republic. 

1882 — Will. Youugsoii, re-elected ; F. F. Snyder, Goldeu ; B. 
L. Carr, Longmont ; A. M. Sawyer, Boulder ; C. Q. Richmond, 
Pueblo. 

Department of Colorado. 

The Department was reorganized, as above stated, July 31, 
1882. The officers of the Mountain Department were continued 
as officers of the Department of Colorado for the remainder of 
that year. 

ANNUAL meetings. 

July 31, 1882, January, 1883, January 17, 1884, and January 
17, 1885, Denver ; January 27, 1886, Pueblo ; February 11, 1887, 
Denver ; February 13, 1888, Denver. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1883, E. K. Stimson, Post 4, Denver ; 1884, Byron L. Carr, 
Post 6, Longmont ; 1885, A. Y. Bohn, Post 9, Leadville ; 1886, 
Henry Bowman, Post 30, Idaho Springs ; 1887, George Ady. Post 
4, Denvej ; 1888, John W. Browning, Post 39, Denver. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1883, A. B. Curry, Post 9, Leadville ; 1884, Geo. T. Breed, Post 
8, Pueblo ; 1885, Joseph W. Fisher, Post 33, Cheyenne, Wyoming 
Territory ; 1886, M. W. Everleth, Post 22, Colorado Springs ; 

1887, John K. Jeffrey, Post 33, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory ; 

1888, Gustav Schnitgar, Post 1, Laramie, Wyoming Territory. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1883, E. H. Sawyer, Post 10, Canon City ; 1884, Henry C. Gl- 
uey, Post 28, Lake City ; 1885, A. J. Bean, Post 17, Gunnison ; 

1886, John C. Friend, Jr., Post 58, Rawlins, Wyoming Territor}' ; 

1887, W. P. Altman, Post 37, Salida ; 1888, H. C. Watson, Post 
13, Greeley. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1883-84, Ambrose S. Everett, Post 4, Denver (see Chaplain- 
in-Chief, Chapter XXIV) ; 1885, R. H. Dunn, Post 8, Pueblo ; 
1886, S. J. Quimby, Post 33, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory; 1887, 
James C. Whitehill, Post 9, Leadville ; 1888, L. Y. Beers, Post 30, 
Idaho Springs. 



Department of Colorado. 607 

chaplains. 

1883, T. K. Palmer, Post 5, Boulder ; 1884, C. A. Brooks, Post 
9, Leadville; 1885, J. M. Chivington, Post 19, Denver ; 1886, J. 
Whistler, Post 4, Denver ; 1887, I. B. Self, Post 10, Canon City ; 
1888, J. A. Lennon, Post 4, Denver. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1883, B. K. Kimberly, Post 4, Denver; 1884, Eben White, 
Post 6, Longmont ; resigned ; succeeded by L. H. Smith, Post 6 ; 
1885, F. E. Miller, Post 9, Leadville ; 1886, E. H. Sawyer, Post 39, 
Denver ; 1887, *James A. Lowrie, Post 4, Denver ; died in office, 
January 11, 1888 ; succeeded by S. McClanathan, Post 47, Denver ; 
1888, Thos. S. Mitchell, Post 42, Denver. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1883, V. M. Carsie, Post 4, Denver ; 1884, Eugene A. Austin, 
Post 6, Longmont ; 1885, N. K. Twitchell, Post 37, Salida ; 1886, 
D. L Ezekiel, Post 39, Denver; 18^7-88, S. McClanathan, Post 
47, Denver. 

INSPECTORS. 

1883, M. J. Fitz Gerald, Post 4, Denver ; 1884, D. J. Haynes ; 
resigned ; succeeded by J. E. Wurtzebach, Post 4, Denver ; 1885, 
A. B. Place, Post 39, Denver ; 1886-88, Geo. H. Waterbury, Post 
4, Denver. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1883, John A. Coulter, Post 2, Georgetown ; 1884, Dexter T. 
Snapp, Post 17, Gunnison ; 1885-86, A. J. Sampson, Post 4, Den- 
ver ; 1887, John A. Coulter, Post 2, GeorgetoAvn ; 1888, Thos. M. 
Fisher, Post 33, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1883, T. M. Brown, Post 4, Denver ; 1884, John K. Jeffrey, 
Post 33, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory ; 1885, Geo. Ady, Post 4, 
Denver ; 1886, A. F. Ely, Post 8, Pueblo ; 1887, A. Koyal, Post 8, 
Pueblo ; 1888, J. M. Essington, Post 8, Pueblo. 

* Deceased. 



608 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

council of administration. 

1884 — W. C. Gibbons, Post 11, Poncho Springs ; Jas. Burrill, 
Post 4, Denver ; E. B. Potter, Post 5, Boulder ; J. W. Fisher, 
Post 33, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory ; A. V. Bohn, Post 9, 
Leadville. 

1885— R. B. Potter, re-elected ; D. L. Holden, Post 8, Pueblo ; 
D. W. Bobbins, Post 22, Colorado Springs ; O. P. Yelton, Post 
1, Laramie, Wyoming Territory ; M. S. Adams, Post 10, Canon 
City. 

1886 — M. S. Adams, re-elected ; Amos Millice, Post 6, Long- 
mont ; H. C. Watson, Post 13, Greeley ; H. M. Orohood, Post 
20, Central City ; J. C. Denny, Post 41, La Junta. 

18a7— W. B. Upton, Post 38, Montrose ; Ed. Nashold, Post 
31, Breckinridge ; G. De La Yergne, Post 22, Colorado Springs ; 
A. J. Woodside, Post 47, Denver ; Gustav Schnitgar, Post 1, Lara- 
mie, Wyoming Territory. 

1888 — Ed. Nashold, A. J. Woodside, re-elected ; J. C. Kennedy, 
Post 4B, Denver ; L. D. Pease, Post 1, Laramie, AYyoming Terri- 
tory ; John Baldwin, Post 26, Trinidad. 

Legislation. 

BURIAL OF veterans. 

By an Act approved June 1, 1887, provision is made for the 
decent burial of any honorably discharged soldier, sailor or ma- 
rine who may die without leaving sufficient means to defray fu- 
neral expenses, the expenses of burial not to exceed fifty dollars, 
and twenty dollars for a headstone. 

exemption from militiv duty, .10 

By Act approved March 29, 1887, all persons who served in 
the army or navy of the United States, and who have been honor- 
aV)ly discharged from siich service, are exempt from enrollment 
in the militia of the State, and also from any military p(dl-tax. 

By Act approved April 4, 1887, all pensions received from the 
United States Government are exempt from execution and attach- 
ment under legal process. 



Department of Colorado. 609 

grand army badge. 

The Act approved Marcli 15, 1887, relative to wearing the 
badge of the Grand Army of the Republic, contains a provision 
in Section 2 not found in any other law on this subject. It is here 
given in full : 

Section 1 . Any person who shall wilfully wear the badge of the Grand Army of 
the Republic, or any other secret society, or who shall use or wear the same to obtain 
aid or assistance thereby, within this State, unless he shall be entitled to use or wear 
the same under the rules and regulations of the Grand Army of the Republic, or any 
other secret society, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon convic- 
tion shall be punished bj' imprisonment in the county jail for a t;'rm not exceeding 
sixty (60) days, or by fine not exceeding twenty dollars ($30), or by both such fine 
and imprisonment. 

Sec. 2. It shall be unlawful for any person, firm or corporation to make use of 
the consecutive letters " G. A. R." or such other secret society, the symbols of which 
are sought to be used for the purpose of advertising a business or place of business, 
unless such place of business shall be recognized by the rules and regulations of the 
Grand Army of the Republic, or such other secret society. Any person or persons 
violating the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, 
upon conviction, shall be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred dollars, or 
by confinement in the county jail for a period of not less than six months, or by both 
such fine and imprisonment. 



SOLDIERS HOME. 

Sixty thousand dollars have been subscribed by citizens of 
Denver for the erection of a Home for old and disabled soldiers, 
sailors and marines. 

Articles of incorporation have been granted to A. V. Bohn, 
Donal Fletcher, A. Royal, D. H. Moore, A. J. Woodside, Job A. 
Cooper, J. A. Lennon, John W. Browning, George West, Geo. A. 
Hamilton, J. C. Kennedy and Thos. S. Mitchell. 

The Home is located at Montclair, about five miles from Den- 
ver, and will when finished accommodate 200 inmates. It is the 
intention of the corporators to present the building and grounds 
to the State, provided the State will make the necessary appro- 
priation for maintenance. 

The officers' are : President, Hon. W, S. Decker, Post 4 ; Vice- 
President, D. H. Moore, Post 47 ; Treasurer, Job A. Cooper (Gov- 
ernor-elect), Post 4; Secretary, Thos. S. Mitchell, Post 42; 
General Manager, John A. Lennon, Post 4. 
39 



610 Grand Army of the Republic. 

DEPARTMENT OF UTAH. 

The present Post No. 1, of Salt Lake City, was mustered Sep- 
tember 18, 1878. The charter-members were *James 13. McKean 
(see Senior Vice-Commander-in-Chief, Chapter V), Moses M. 
Bane, Geo. R. Maxwell, AVm. Odenheimer, Geo. C. Douglas, W. 
W. AVood, E. N. Millford, George Brusch, S. M. Ziegler, Thos. C. 
Bailey, S. A. McMillan, John B. Neil, J. Witherell, John M. 
Odenheimer, AVm. McKay, E. H. Parsons, Frederick Lockley and 
S. N. Sanders. 

Prior to this there had been a Post at Fort Douglas composed 
of United States soldiers on garrison duty, which had been given 
up on a change of stations of the regiment. 

In 1879, General Geo. R. Maxwell was apj^ointed Provisional 
Commander, and was later succeeded by Captain John B. Neil. 
In September, 1880, Dr. Geo. C. Douglas, Surgeon 134th New 
York Volunteer Infantry during the rebellion, was appointed 
Provisional Commander, and he at once entered on the work of 
establishing other Posts. 

The permanent Department was organized October 8, 1883, 
with the following Posts represented : Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 
Post 2, Fort Custer, Montana ; Post 3, Ogden ; Post 4, Bellevue, 
Idaho ; Post 5, Lewiston, Idaho ; Post 6, Butte, Montana ; Post 7, 
Salmon City, Idaho. Dr. Douglas was elected Department Com- 
mander, 

DEPARTMENT MEETINGS. 

L October 8, 1883, Salt Lake City ; IL March 13, 1884, Salt 
Lake City ; IIL March 12, 1885, Ogden ; 1\. April 22, 1880, 
Ogden ; V. March 22, 1887, Salt Lake City ; A^I. February 14, 
1888, Salt Lake City. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

Provisional, 1880-83, Geo. C. Douglas, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 
Permanent, 1883, Geo. C. Douglas ; 1884, Ransford Smith, Post 3, 
Ogden ; 1885, H. C. AVardleigh, Post 3, Ogden ; 1886, Elijah Sells, 
Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 1887, Eli H. Murray, Post 1, Salt Lake 
City ; 1888, Nathan Kimball, Post 3, Ogden (see portrait, page 
516). 

* Deceased. 



Department of Utah. 611 

senior vice-commanders. 

1883, J. E. Hudson, Post 3, Ogden ; 1884-85, *Elijah Sells ; 
188fi, H. T. Snyder, Post 3, Ogden ; 1887, Geo. C. Kidder, Post 
22, Park City; 1888, Henry Page, Post 1, Salt Lake City. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1883, Phil. Grigsby, Post 5, Lewiston, Idako ; 1884, E. H. 
Jeanjaquette, Post 7, Salmon City, Idahp ; 1885, J. M. Parsons, 
Post 16, Hailey, Idaho ; 1886, W. H. Nye, Post 11, Boise City, 
Idaho ; 1887, J. B. Wentley, Post 11 ; transferred to Department 
of Idaho ; succeeded by Henry E. Steele, Post 3, Ogden ; 1888, J. 
A. Williams, Post 22, Park City, Utah. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1883-85, M. M. Bane, Post 1, Salt Lake City; 1836, H. J. Powers, 
Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 1887-88, A. S. Condon, Post 3, Ogden. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1883-85, T. C. Iliff, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 1886, T. W. Lin- 
coln, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 1887, Geo. E. Jayne, Post 3, Ogden; 
1888, AVinfield S. Hawkes, Post 1, Salt Lake City. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1880-83, Francis M. Bishop, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 1884, H. 
C. Wardleigh, Post 3, Ogden ; 1885, H. T. Snyder, Post 3, Ogden ; 
1886, Francis M. Bishop, Post 1, Salt Lake City; 1887, Hugh An- 
derson, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 1888, Jno. L. Clem ; removed to 
Columbus, Ohio, April 25 ; succeeded by W. W. Crossman, Post 
3, Ogden. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1883-84, Chas. S. Warren, Post 6, Butte, Montana ; 1885-86, 
E. W. Piper, Post 3, Ogden ; 1887, H. T. Snyder, Post 3, Ogden ; 
1888, E. T. Hulanski, Post 3, Ogden. 

INSPECTORS. 

1883, A. C. Smith, Post 3, Ogden ; 1884, J. E. Hudson, Post 3, 
Ogden ; 1885, L. McCarty ; 1886, J. E. Hudson, Post 3, Ogden ; 

* To Department Commander. 



G12 Grand Army of the Republic. 

1887, T. C. Iliff, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 1888, Tlios. C. Bailey, 
Post 1, Salt Lake City. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1883, AV. W. ■^Voods, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 1884, ^\. F. 
AVlieeler, Post 8, Helena, Montana ; 1885-86, J. AV. Huston, Post 
11, Boise City, Idaho ; 1887-88, E. T. Sprague, Post 1, Salt Lake 
City. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1883, Chas. S. Warren, Post 6, Butte, Montana ; 1884, Clias. 
Shoemaker, Post 6, Butte, Montana ; 1885, T. T. Redsull, Post 
4, Belle vue, Idaho ; 1886, T. C. Iliff, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 
1887, H. A. Whitney, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; 1888, James P. 
Bradley, Post 1, Salt Lake City. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1883— Ransford Smith, H. C. Kessler, L. B. Stephens, G. R. 
Bradley, Post 3, Ogden ; E. Sells, Post 1, Salt Lake City. 

1884— J. E. Hudson, Post 3, Ogden ; C. S. Warren, Post 6, 
Butte City, Montana ; W. W. Woods, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; T. 
T. Redsull, Post 4, Bellevue, Idaho ; L. B. Stephens, Post 3, 
Ogden. 

1885— J. E. Hudson, re-elected ; S. M. Preshaw and Ransford 
Smith, Post 3, Ogden ; O. R. Goodale, Post 20, Eagle Rock, Ida- 
ho ; C. Broderick, Post 11, Boise City, Idaho. 

1886— W. H. Sells, T. C. Bailey, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; Ben 
Johnson, Post 2, Milford ; E. B. Shepherd, Post 22, Park City; 
H. C. AVardleigh, Post 3, Ogden. 

1887— T. C. Bailey, re-elected ; Ed. Swan, Post 1, Salt Lake 
City ; A. M. Bond, Post 3, Ogden ; W. W. Woods, Post 1, Salt 
Lake City ; H. J. Powers, Post 3, Ogden. 

1888— Thos. Cahoon, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; E. Sells, Post 1, 
Salt Lake City; Geo. C. Kidder, Post 22, Park City; Hugh Ander- 
son, Post 1, Salt Lake City ; Henry E. Steele, Post 3, Ogden. 

The Posts lr)cat<'(l in Aloiitana and Idalio, formerly of the 
Department of Utah, have been transferred tv the permanent De- 



Department of Oregan. 613 

partments now formed in those Territories, and there are now 
but three Posts in Utah, namely, Jas. B. McKean Post No. 1, 
Salt Lake City ; John A. Dix Post No. 3, Ogden, and W. S. Han- 
cock Post No. 4, Park City. 



DEPAETMENT OF OREGON. 

Baker Post No. 1, Portland, Oregon, was organized in April, 
1869, and Canby Post No. 4 was organized May 1, 1873. In Sep- 
tember of that year these Posts were consolidated and remained 
under the title, Baker-Canby Post, until November, 1876, when it 
was disbanded. Other Posts were instituted and a Department 
was formed, but it remained in existence but a short time. 

On July 18, 1878, a meeting was held in Portland for the or- 
ganization of Geo. Wright Post No. 1, which was chartered by 
the Department of California. It soon grew to be a strong Post 
in numbers and influence. On October 1, 1879, it acted as a 
Guard of Honor in the reception given by the citizens to Presi- 
dent Hayes. 

Later, other Posts were organized in Oregon under charters 
from the Department of California, as follows : Meade Post No. 2, 
Oregon City, May 6, 1881 ; Garfield Post No. 3, Portland, July 23, 
1881 ; Lincoln Post No. 4, Portland, September 8, 1881 ; McPher- 
son Post No, 5, Albany, August 15, 1881 ; J. B. Matthews, Post 
No. 6, Forest Grove, January 18, 1882 ; J. W. Geary Post No. 7, 
Eugene City, January 20, 1882. 

In May, 1881, Oregon was constituted a Provisional Depart- 
ment, with the following officers : Commander, N. S. Pierce, Port- 
land ; Senior Yice-Commander, F. K. Arnold; Junior Vice-Com- 
mander, O. Summers ; Assistant Adjutant-General, W. Y. Spencer ; 
Assistant Quartermaster-General, T. G. Davidson ; afterwards 
succeeded by G. E. Caukin ; Council of Administration — G. E. 
Caukin, T. C. Bell, A. Tyler, W. Kapus, A. E. Southwick. 

A convention to organize the permanent Department was held 
in Portland, September 28, 1882. 

Annual Meetings have been since held : 

II. February 22, 1883, Portland ; III. February 22, 1884, Sa- 
lem ; IV. January 28, 1885, Portland ; V. January 28, 1886, Port- 



014 Grand Army of the Republic. 

laud ; YI. February 22, 1887, Portland ; YII. February 22, 1888, 
Portlaud. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

Provisional, N. 8. Pierce. Permanent, 1882, N. S. Pierce, Post 
1, Portland ; 1883, O. E. Caukiu, Post 1, Portlaud ; 1884, F. J. 
Babcock, Post 10, Salem ; 1885-86, F. H. Lamb, Post 3, Portland ; 
1887, M. L. Olmsted, Post 20, Baker City ; 1888, A. E. Bortliwick, 
Post 1, Portland. 

SENIOR YICE-COMMANDERS. 

1882, F. K. Arnold, Post 3, Portland ; 1883, *F. J. Babcock ; 
1884, *F. H. Lamb ; 1885, J. C. Cooper, Post 9, McMinnville ; 1886, 
T. C. Smith, Post 10, Salem ; 1887, Z. W. Christopher, Post 3, 
Portlaud ; 1888, J. G. Jessup, Post 24, Newport. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1882, Owen Summers, Post 2, Portland ; 18o3, fJ. C. Cooper ; 
1884, Geo. A. Harding, Post 2, Oregon City ; 1885, H. M. Greg- 
ory, Post 14, Astoria ; 1886, S. J. Finch, Post 20, Baker City ; 
18S7, E. G. Hursh, Post 29, Eoseburg ; 1888, L. H. Montanye, 
Post 5, Albany. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1882-83, Scolley Parker, Post 2, Oregon City ; 1884-85, W. H. 
Saylor, Post 1, Portland ; 1886-87, J. P. Gill, Post 7, Eugene City; 
1888, W. W. Royal, Post 12, East Portland. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1882-84, J. p. Gill, Post 7, Eugene City ; 1885, Frank Story, 
Post 1, Portland ; 1886, T. H. Henderson, Post 9, McMinnville ; 
1887, James A. Varney, Post 32, The Dalles ; 1888, R. McLean, 
Post 39, Grant's Pass. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1882, W. Y. Spencer, Post 3, Portland ; 1883, Z. T. Wright ; re- 
signed September 17 ; succeeded by Alfred F. Sears, Post 1, Port- 

* To T).-p:irlnijnt Commander. f To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Department of Oregon. 015 

land ; 1884, T. C. Smith, Post 10, Salem ; 1885-86, Z. W. Chris- 
topher, Post 3, Portland ; 1887, A. A. Houston, Post 21, Baker 
City ; 1888, R. A. Frame, Post 1, Portland. 

ASSISTANT quartermasters-general. 

1882, *G. E. Caukin ; 1883, T. G. Davidson, Post 4, Portland ; 

1884, Ira Erb, Post 10, Salem ; 1885, E. J. Searle, Post 12, East 
Portland ; resigned June 1 ; succeeded by W. J. Shipley, Post 3, 
Portland ; 1886, Chas. L. Fay, Post 1, Portland ; 1887, *A. E. 
Borthwick ; 1888, H. C. Allen, Post 3, Portland. 

inspectors. 

1882, E. H. C. Taylor, Post 3, Portland ; 1883, D. D. Neer, 
Post 12, East Portland ; 1884, E. B. McElroy, Post 10, Salem ; 

1885, Chas. L. Fay, Post 1, Portland ; 1886, D. D. Neer, Post 12, 
East Portland ; 1887, A. B. Woodin, Post 5, Albany ; 1888, Henry 
Fry, Post 7, Eugene City. 

judge-advocates. 

1882, S. R. Harrington, Post 1, Portland ; 1883, H. H. North- 
up, Post 3, Portland ; 1884, J. W. Rayburn, Post 19, Corvallis ; 
1885, Geo. H. Durham, Post 3, Portland ; 1886-87, J. M. Sigliu, 
Post 8, Marshfield ; 1888, F. O. McCown, Post 2, Oregon City. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1882, B. B. Tuttle, Post 1, Portland ; 1883, D. H. Stearns, Post 
1, Portland ; 1884-85, W. A. Bantz, Post 4, Portland ; 1886, S. B. 
Ormsby, Post 11, Silverton ; 1887, W. A. Bantz, Post 4, Portland ; 
1888, J. L. Carroll, Post 28, Pendleton. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1882— J. C. Cooper, Post 9, McMinnville ; Geo. 0. Sears, Post 
1, Portland ; T. G. Davisou, Post 4, Portland ; E. R. Merriman, 
Post 6, Forest Grove ; F. J. Babcock, Post 10, Salem. 

1883— W. N. Phillips, Post 5, Albany ; W. A. Bantz, Post 4, 
Portland ; T. C. Smith, Post 10, Salem ; A. L. Saylor, Post 9, Mc- 
Minnville ; G. a: Harding, Post 2, Oregon City. 

* To Department Commander. 



GIj Grand Army of the Kepublic. 

1884 — Tlieo. Broeraser, Post 14, Astoria ; Geo. Williams, Post 
10, Salem ; M. A. C. Robertson, Post 22, ludepeudeuce ; J. B. 
Gardner, Post 9, McMinnville ; *S. A. Jones, Post IG, Hood liiver ; 
E. D. McMasters, Post 10, Salem, and Z. T. Wright, Post 1, Port- 
land, vice Geo. Williams and J. B. Gardner, resigned. 

1885— D. W. Matthews, Post 23, Ashland ; T. A. Jordan, Post 
1, Portland ; E. J. Searle, Post 12, East Portland ; A. Tjler, Post 
G, Forest Grove ; *A. Samuels, Post 19, Corvallis ; J. H. Hiends, 
Post 4, Portland. 

1886— T. H. Hiends, re-elected ; R. Y. Monteith, Post 14, As- 
toria ; Wallace Baldwin, Post 19, Corvallis ; E. Martin, Post 12, 
East Portland ; N. S. Pierce, Post 1, Portland. 

1887— E. Martin, re-elected ; M. J. Morse, Post 1, Portland ; 
Frank Pteisner, Post 7, Eugene City ; J. W. Crawford, Post 10, 
Salem ; C. S. Wright, Post 14, Astoria. 

1888— E. B. McElroy, Post 10, Salem ; F. M. Johnson, Post 19, 
Corvallis ; F. M. Miller, Post 42, Lebanon ; J. P. Darrow, Post 
29, Ptoseburg ; H. C. Allen, Post 3, Portland. 

Legislation. 

Memorial Day has been constituted a legal holiday in Oregon. 
The wearing of the Grand Army Badge l)y persons not entitled to 
the same, has been made a misdemeanor by act of the Tiegislature. 



DEPARTMENT OF IDAHO. 

The Posts of this Territory were first organized by and formed 
part of the Department of Utah, Post No. 1 having been organ- 
ized under charter issued June 1, 1882, by Comrade Geo. 0. Doug- 
las, Comander of the Department of Utah, with the following 
charter-members : Jay G. Kelley, Wm. E. Davis, Jas. B. Black, 
T. T. Redsull, Win. J. Seamons, Henry Henseur, S. M. Thomp- 
son, Tlios. Mitclndl, J. D. Burch, L. 1). Woodruff, Isaac Sczoel, 
H. C. Wells, Wm. Fleckner, David Wireman,- Anthony Ether, 

* Deceased. 



Department of Idaho. 017 

Sam Friend, G. E. Bradley, J. C. Bradley, J. C. Webber, T. B. 
Reed, H. C. Babb. 

The officers of the Provisional Department of Idaho, ap- 
pointed by General Orders, Headquarters Grand Army of the Re- 
public, Madison, September 1, 1887, were : Commander, W. H. 
Nye, Post 4, Boise City; Senior Vice-Commander, Chas. A. AYood, 
Post 2, Salmon City ; Junior Yice-Commander, W. T. Riley, Post 
6, Hailey ; Assistant Adjutant-General, Chas. L. Clark, Post 4, 
Boise City ; Assistant Quartermaster-General, Malichi Krebs, 
Post 4, Boise City; Council of Administration — A. S. Senter, Post 
8, Shoshone ; C. R. Bradley, Post 1, Bellevue ; D. F. Chamber- 
lain, Post 7, Eagle Rock ; W. H. Danilson, Post 9 Black Fork ; C. 
A. Manning, Post 2, Lewiston. 

The Department Commander, Comrade W. W. Nye, had served 
five years as Commander of Post No. 4, Boise City. 

The permanent Department was organized at Boise City, Jan- 
uary 11, 1888, by the Provisional officers and representatives from 
Garfield Post No. 1, Bellevue ; Guernsey Post No. 2, Lewiston ; 
McPherson Post No. 4, Boise City ; Anderson Post No. 5, Mos- 
cow ; E. D. Baker Post No. 6, Hailey ; Joe Hooker Post No. 7, 
Eagle Rock ; U. S. Grant Post No. 8, Shoshone ; G. H. Thomas 
Post No. 9, Blackfoot ; W. H. L. Wallace Post No. 10, Mont- 
pelier ; Canby Post No. 11, Murray, and Nat. Lyon Post No. 12, 
Albion. 

The following officers were chosen : Department Commander, 
Wm. H. Nye, Post No. 4, Boise City ; Senior Yice-Department- 
Commander, A. S. Senter, Post 8, Shoshone ; Junior Vice-Depart- 
ment-Commander, D. F. Chamberlain, Post 7, Eagle Rock ; Med- 
ical Director, A. C. Girard, Post 4, Boise City ; Chaplain, W. H. 
Danilson, Post 9, Blackfoot ; Assistant- Adjutant-General, Chas. 
A. Clark, Pott 4, Boise City ; Assistant, Quartermaster-General, 
M. Krebs, Post 4, Boise City ; Judge-Advocate, Geo. A. Black, 
Post 6, Hailey ; Inspector, E. H. Jeanjaquet, Post 3, Salmon City; 
Chief Mustering Officer, James Gunn, Post 6, Hailey ; Council of 
Administration — W. T. Riley, Post 6, Hailey; G. A. Manning, 
Post 2, Lewiston ; C. A. Wood, Post 3, Salmon City ; Samuel Tat- 
low, Post 10, Montpelier ; J. J. Owen, Post 14, Moscow. 



618 Grand Army of the Republtc. 

DEPARTMENT OF MONTANA. 

The Territory of Montana was recognized as a Department of 
the Grand Army of the Republic as early as February 11, 1868, 
with Jas. H. Mills as Provisional Commander, 

Idaho and Utah were afterwards added to the Department of 
Montana, but the Department had but a brief existence on ac- 
count of the then condition of those Territories as to population 
and means of communication. The members of the Order in 
Montana were mainly soldiers in the regular army, and then sub- 
ject to sudden changes of station. 

John Buford Post No. 1, at Fort Custer, was organized under 
charter granted by E. K. Stimson, Commander Department Col- 
orado, February 19, 1881, as No. 15, Department of Colorado. 
The Post was later assigned to the Department of Utah, and on 
the organization of the Department of Montana, March 16, 1885, 
was transferred to it with the title Post No. 1. 

The charter-members were J. H. Macomber, Hugo B. Berth, 
Samuel Segar, Charles Abbott, Christian Olsen, Cornelius D. 
Ruger, Peter Trotter, Dennis Bryne, Joseph Zwisler, George 
Fisher, Philip Barnett, Jeremiah Quinn, William Milligan, James 
Banning, Robert H. Farrell, George Merriman and ChristojDher 
Mclntyre. 

In March, 1878, Montana and Dakota were made part of the 
Department of the Mountains, and so remained until the latter 
was discontinued in 1882. 

A Provisional Department organization was effected in 1885, of 
Posts located at Fort Custer, Butte, Helena, Deer Lodge, Vir- 
ginia City, Livingston, Billings, Bozeman and Glendive, then 
attached to the Department of Utah. 

The following named were appointed Provisional officers : 
Commander, Thos. P. Fuller, Post 8, Helena ; Senior Vice-Com- 
mander, Jas. H. Mills, Post 9, Deer Lodge ; Junior Vice-Com- 
mander, Horatio S. Howell, Post 12, Virginia City ; Medical 
Director, Levi E. Holmes, Post 6, Butte City ; Chaplain, Lyman 
Hanna, Post 13, Livingston. 

OFFICIAL STAFF. 

Assistant Adjutant-General, John Moffitt, Post 8, Helena; 
Assistant (^uartermaster-Gfnierjil, Charles S. Warren, Post 6, 
Butte ; Judgo-Advocatc, William J. Galbraith, Post 9, Deer 



Department of Montana. 019 

Lodge ; Chief Mustering Officer, James E. Callaway, Post 12, 
Virginia City ; Inspector, Eddy F. Ferris, Post 8, Bozeman. 

The Post numbers above given are those of the Department 
of Utah. 

On March 10, 1885, a convention to organize the permanent 
Department was held at Helena. The Posts located at Fort Cus- 
ter, Butte, Helena, Deer Lodge, Virginia City, Livingston, Bil- 
lings, Bozeman, Missoula and Glendive were represented. The 
Provisional Commander, Thos. P. Fuller, was elected Department 
Commander. 

Annual meetings have since been held as follows : 

IL March 9, 1886, Bozeman ; III. February 22, 1887, Butte ; 
IV. March 30, 1888, Miles City. 

The following have served as officers of the permanent De- 
partment : 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1885, Thos. p. Fuller, Post 3, Helena ; 1886, Chas. S. Warren, 
Post 2, Butte ; 1887, Ela C. Waters, Post 9, Billing ; 1888, Junius 
G. Sanders, Post 3, Helena. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1885, J. H. Mills, Post 4, Deer Lodge ; 1886, Pierce Hoopes, 
Jr., Post 12, Glendive ; 1887, H. S. Howell, Post 6, Virginia City ; 
1888, Henry Eomeyn, Post 14, Miles City. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1885, Curtis E. Price, Post 1, Fort Custer ; 1886, Will Ken- 
nedy, Post 11, Missoula ; 1887, H. C. Kessler, Post 2, Butte ; 1888, 
Vining A. Cook, Post 13, Boulder. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1885, Levi E. Holmes, Post 2, Butte ; 1886, Curtis E. Price, 
Post 1, Fort Custer ; 1887, G. W. Grant, Post 7, Livingston ; 1888, 
Egon A. Koerper, Post 14, Miles City. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1885, Lyman E. Hanna, Post 7, Livingston ; 1886, J. H. Ma- 
comber, Post 1, Fort Custer; 1887, Pt. B. Smith, Post 3, Helena; 
1888, S. A. Wallace, Post 9, Billings. 



C)20 Grand Army of the Eepubltc. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1885, John Moffitt, Post 3, Helena ; 1886, Levi E. Holmes, 
Post :', Butte ; 1887, E. C. Webster, Post 14, Miles City ; 1888, 
John Moffitt, Post 3, Helena. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1885, Chas. S. Warren, Post 2, Butte ; 1886, Howard H. Zenor, 
Post 4, Deer Lodge ; 1887, J. E. Goss, Post 9, Billings ; 1888, Ar- 
chie O. Simons, Post 3, Helena. 

INSPECTORS. 

1885, H. S. Howell, Post 6, Yirginia City ; 1886, George O. 
Eaton, Post 10, Bozeman ; 1887, Henry Eomeyn, Post 14, Miles 
City ; 1888, George W. Grant, M. D., Post 7, Livingston. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1885, James E. Goss, Post 9, Billings ; 1886, Wm. J. Gal- 
braith. Post 4, Deer Lodge ; 1887, W. F. Sanders, Post 10, Boze- 
man ; 1888, Jas. E. Callaway, Post 6, Virginia City. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1885, J. E. Callaway, Post 6, Virginia City ; 1886, Wm. Sims, 
Post 3, Helena ; 1887, Eoss Deegan, Post 3, Helena ; 1888, J. D. 
Jenks, Post 2, Butte. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1885— M. P. Wyman, Post 12, Glendive ; P. E. Dolman, Post 

2, Butte ; D. J. McMillan, Post 9, Deer Lodge ; W. H. H. Dickin- 
son, Post 11, Missoula ; Eddy S. Ferris, Post 10, Bozeman. 

188fr— Lester S. Willson, Post 10, Bozeman; Jas. H. Mills, Post 
4, Deer Lodge ; Jas. E. Callaway, Post 6, Virginia City ; E. C. 
Webster, Post 14, Miles City ; John L. Sloane, Post 11, Missoula. 

1887— Pierce Hoopes, Jr., Post 7, Livingston ; E. E. Fisk, Post 

3, Helena; C. L. F. Wyman, Post 2, Butte; AVill Kennedy, Post 
11, Missoula ; E. F. Ferris, Post 10, Bozeman. 

1888— M. C. Wilkinson, Post 1, Fort Custer; L. S. Willson, 
Post 10, Bozeman ; C. S. Slioemaker, Post 2, Butte ; J. L. Sloane, 
Post 11, Missoula ; A. S. Kellogg, Post 13, Boulder. 



Department of Montana. 621 

The Posts of the Department are located as follows : John 
Buford Post No. 1, Fort Custer ; Lincoln Post No. 2, Butte ; 
Wadswortli Post No. 3, Helena; Geo. H. Thomas Post No. 4, 
Deer Lodge ; Custer Post No. 5, Sheridan ; Frank P. Blair Post 
No. 6, Virginia City ; Farragut Post No. 7, Livingston ; Stead- 
man Post No. 8, Dillon ; Alfred Sully Post No. 9, Billings ; Wil- 
liam English Post No. 10, Bozeman ; Fred. Winthrop Post No. 
11, Missoula ; Thos L. Kane Post No. 12, Glendive ; J. B. Mc- 
Pherson Post No. 13, Boulder ; U. S. Grant Post No. 14, Miles 
City ; John A. Logan Post No. 15, Billings ; Geo. G. Meade Post 
No, 16, Anaconda ; Thos. Francis Meagher Post No. 17, White 
Sulphur Springs. 



WASHINGTON TEEPJTOEY. 
For the History of this Department, see pages 648-650. 



CHAPTER XXXI. 

SOUTHERN DEPARTMENTS 



INCLUDING 



VIRGINIA, WEST VIRGINIA, TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA, FLORIDA, 
LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPI, KENTUCKY, ARKANSAS, TEXAS. 



DEPAETMENT OF VIRGINIA. 

Virginia was constituted a Provisional Department, February 
10, 1868, Geo. T. Egbert, Richmond, Provisional Commander. 
Prior to that time the Posts organized in Virginia were attached 
to the Department of the Potomac. 

On June 8, 1869, P. A. Davis succeeded Commander Egbert, 
and he was succeeded December 14, 1870, by J. H. Remington, of 
Portsmouth. The remaining officers of the Provisional Depart- 
ment were. Assistant Adjutant-General, H. Carlisle ; Assistant 
Quartermaster-General, W. H. Appenzeller ; Inspector, S. B. 
Kenuey ; Council of Administration, P. C. Asserson, Jos. T. Nel- 
son and Isaac Mullen. Eight Posts were then in existence, Avith 
215 members. 

A meeting of the Provisional Department was held January 
26, 1871, in Portsmouth. The convention to effect a permanent 
organization assembled at Richmond, July 27,1871. Posts repre- 
sented : Grant Post No. 1, Richmond ; Sheridan Post No. 2, Rich- 
mond ; Post No. 3, Norfolk ; Farragut Post No. 4, Portsmouth ; 
Ellsworth Post No. 5, Alexandria ; Theodore AVinthrop Post No. 
6, Hampton ; Piatt Post No. 7, Portsmouth ; Coix Post No. 8, 
Norfolk ; Geo. H. Thomas Post No. 9, Hampton ; J. T. Greble 
Post No. 10, Hampton, and A. Lincoln Post No. 11, Hampton. 

ANNUAL ENCAMPMENTS. 

I. July 27, 1871, Richmond ; II. January 17, 1872, Alexan- 
dria ; 1 n. January 15, 1873, National Soldiers' Home, Hampton ; 

LC221 



Department of Virginia. 623 

IV. January 21, 1874, Portsmouth ; V. January 20, 1875, National 
Home ; VI. January 20, 1876, Portsmouth ; VII. January 17, 
1877, Norfolk ; VIII. January 16, 1878, Portsmouth ; IX. Janu- 
ary 15, 1879, National Home ; X. January 15, 1880, Portsmouth ; 
XL January 19, 1881, Norfolk ; XII. January 18, 1882, National 
Home ; XIII. January 25, 1883, Portsmouth ; XIV. January 31, 
1884, National Home ; XV. January 29, 1885, Portsmouth ; XVI. 
February 4, 1886, Norfolk ; XVII. February 26, 1887, Eichmond ; 
XVIII. January 25, 1888, National Home. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1871-72, Hazlett Carlisle, Post 1, Portsmouth; 1873, S. B. 
Kenney, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1874, W. N. Eaton, Post 1, Ports- 
mouth ; 1875-76, W. H. Appenzeller, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1877, 
Wm. Rider, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1878, R. G. Staples, Post 1, 
Portsmouth ; 1879, Richard Bond, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1880, A. 
B. Hurlbut, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1881, W. Harvey King, Post 1, 
Portsmouth; 1882-83, P. T. Woodfin, Post 3, National Home; 
1884, B. C. Cooke, Post 10, Richmond ; 1885-86, H. de B. Clay, 
Post 17, Newport News ; 1887, Selwyn E. Bickford, Post 17, Hamp- 
ton ; resigned, owing to illness ; died December 17, 1887 ; Jno. W. 
Woodman was elected to fill the vacancy ; 1888, John W. Wood- 
man, Post 1, Portsmouth. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1871, J. M. Thatcher, Post 5, Alexandria ; 1872, Isaac Mullen, 
Post 6, Portsmouth ; 1873, J. T. Wilson, Post 7, Norfolk ; 1874, 
John Miller, Post 6, Portsmouth ; 1875, Philip Ritzer, Post 15, 
Hampton ; 1876, John Miller, Post 6, Portsmouth ; 1878, Andrew 
Evans, Post 3, National Home ; 1879, J. F. Frick, Post 3, National 
Home ; 1880, L. H. Chandler, Post 3, National Home ; 1881, Au- 
gust Zarotsky, Post 3, National Home ; 18^2, J hn Miller, Post 7, 
Portsmouth ; 1883, J. E. Fuller, Post 2 Norfolk ; 1884, Nelson 
Proctor, Post 8, Portsmouth ; 1885, Francis Culp, Post 3, Na- 
tional Home ; 1886, J. B. H. Goff, Post 17, Newport News ; 1887, 
John W. Woodman ; promoted to Department Commander ; suc- 
ceeded as Senior Vice-Commander by Wm. Washington, J. V. C ; 
1888, Wm. Washington, Post 14, Yorktown. 



624 Grand Army of the Republic. 

junior vice-commanders. 

1871, Isaac Mulliu, Post 7, Portsmoutli ; 1872, A. H. McNnlty, 
Post 11, Culpepper ; 1873, Rufus Jones, Post 9, Hampton ; 1874, 
AV. D. Lee, Post 9, Hampton ; 1875-76, Jas. E. Fuller, Post 2, 
Xorfolk ; 1877, Edward Daley, Post 8, National Home; 1878, ^\m. 
Teenier, Post 2, Norfolk ; 1879, Jas. E. Fuller, Post 2, Norfolk ; 
1880, Daniel Langley, Post 2, Norfolk ; 1881, Alex. Oglesby, Post 
5, Norfolk ; 1882, Tlios. P. Jones, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1883, AVm. 
J. Randall, Post 9, Hampton ; 1884, *Francis Gulp ; 1885, Rufus 
S. Jones, Post 9, Hampton ; 1886, M. D. Meekins, Post 2, Nor- 
folk ; 1887, Wm. Washington, promoted to Senior Vice, December 
21, 1887, and J. Thos. Vance, Post 16, National Home, was elected 
to fill the vacancy ; 1888, Bernard Garvey, Post 3, National 
Home. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1871-72, L. D. Seymour, Post 6, Hampton ; 1873, C. McDer- 
mott. Post 5, Hampton ; 1874-75, S. B. Kenney, Post 3, Ports- 
mouth ; 1876, Jos. T. Wilson, Post 7, Norfolk ; 1877, L. Hayes 
Shields, Post 3, Hampton ; 1878, W. K. Hammond, Post 1, Ports- 
mouth ; 1879, S. B. Kenney, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1881, E. B. 
Johnson, Post 3, National Home ; resigned ; succeeded by Wm. 
Silloway, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1882, Louis Phillipoteaux, Post 3, 
National Home, Hampton ; 1883, Henry Lamar, Post 1, Ports- 
mouth ; 1884, Dennis Murphy, Post 3, National Home ; 1885, 
Lewis Walters, Post 16, National Home ; 1886-87, D. G. Sterling, 
Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1888, Philip Mohr, Post 23, Claremont. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1871, L. H. York, Post 10, Fredericksburg ; 1872-73, R. G. 
Staples, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1874-75, A. C. Fuller, Post 3, Ports- 
mouth ; 1876, Wm. Rider, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1877, Wm. Teemer, 
Post 2, Norfolk ; 1878, Jas. E. Fuller, Post 2, Norfolk ; 1879, W. 
J. Manning, Post 4, Richmond ; 1880-86, Wm. Teemer, Post 2, 
Norfolk; 1887-88, Andrew Smith, Post 2, Norfolk. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1871, Max Cohn, Post 4, Portsmouth ; 1872, R. B. Taylor, Post 
4, Alexandria ; 1873, W. N. Eaton, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1874, M. 
" To Senior Vice-Commander. 



Department of Virginia. 625 

J. Eose, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1875, W. N. Eaton, Post 3, Ports- 
mouth ; 1876, S. B. Kenney, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1877, W. N. 
Eaton, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1878, A. B. Hurlbut, Post 1, Ports- 
mouth ; 1879-81, W. N. Eaton, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1882-83, 
Wm. P. Sands, Post 3, National Home ; 1884, M. K. Lloyd, Post 
10, Kichmond ; 1885-86, W. P. Sands, Post 3, National Home ; 
1887, W. P. Bainbridge, Post 17, Hampton ; resigned ; succeeded 
by James Kennedy, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1888, W. N. Eaton, Post 
1, Portsmouth. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1871-74, W. H. Appenzeller, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1875-76, J. 
B. Dempsey, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1877, Jas. Booth, Post 3, Ports- 
mouth ; 1878, Eichard Bond, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1879, Wm. H. 
Appenzeller, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1880, John F. Frick, Post 3, 
National Home ; 1^81, Wm. H. Appenzeller, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 
1882-86, W. N. Eaton, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1887-88, John W. 
Eutter, Post 1, Portsmouth. 

INSPECTORS. 

1871-72, W. N. Eaton, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1873, S. S. Lin- 
coln, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1874, J. B. Dempsey, Post 3, Ports- 
mouth ; 1875-77, John F. Frick, Post 15, Hampton ; 1878, John 
Poland, Post 3, National Home ; 1879, Harrison Gaffney, Post 1, 
Portsmouth ; 1880, A. C. Fuller, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1881, Thos. 
P. Jones, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1882, Joseph Patten, Post 3, Na- 
tional Home ; 1883-84, Eichard Bond, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1885, 
Jas. F. Clegg, Post 1, Portsmouth ; resigned April 20 ; succeeded 
by S. E. Bickford, Post 17, Hampton ; 1887, H. de B. Clay, Post 
17, Hampton ; 1888, J. Thos. Vance, Post 16, National Home. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1871, J. H. Eemington, Post 4, Portsmouth ; 1872, W. Wil- 
loughby. Post 4, Alexandria; 1874, Levi C. Thayer, Post 3, Ports- 
mouth ; 1875, J. N. Everett, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1876, E. G. 
Staples, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1877, Eichard Bond, Post 3, Ports- 
mouth ; 1878-79, Geo. W. Eandall, Post 4, Eichmond ; 1880, W. 
Hervey King, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1881-82, H. B. Nichols ; 1883, 
Thomas Leahy, Post 11, Eichmond ; 1884, W. P. Sands, Post 3, 

40 



()2r) Grand Ainrv of the Hepublic. 

National Home ; 1885-87, "W. H. Palmer, Post o, Norfolk ; died 
October 28, 1887, ami AVm. N. Eaton, Post 1, Portsmouth, ap- 
pointed to vacancy ; 1888, E. L. Hobson, Post 11, Piclimond. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1874-75, John Lawton, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1876, Richard 
Bond, Post 3, Portsmouth ; 1877, A. B. Hurlbut, Post 1, Ports- 
mouth ; 1878, Harrison Gaffney, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1879, A. B. 
Hurlbut, Post 1, Portsmouth ; 1880, H. B. Nichols, Post 1, Ports- 
mouth; 1881, Frank Williams, Post 3, National Home; 1882, J. E. 
Fuller, Post 2, Norfolk ; 1883-84, S. B. Kenney, Post 1, Ports- 
mouth; 1885-86, J. F. Berry, Post 10, Richmond; 1887-88, Patrick 
Hannon, Post 3, National Home. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1871 — Lysander Hill, Post 5, Alexandria ; W. P. Austin, Post 

1, Richmond ; H, B. Nichols, Post 4, Portsmouth ; John Gibson, 
Post 7, Norfolk ; Wm. Mullany, Post 6, Hampton. 

1872— Lysander Hill, re-elected ; M. D. Meekins, Post 7, Nor- 
folk ; Levi H. York, Post 10, Fredericksburg ; Clias. W. Hoyne, 
Post 11, Culpepper ; Samuel C. Tompkins, Post 8, Hampton. 

1873 — Martin McDevitt, Post 8, Hampton ; John Miller, Post 
6, Portsmouth ; A. C. Fuller, Post 3, Portsmouth ; Daniel Lang- 
ley, Post 7, Norfolk ; F. A. Schroeder, Post 15, Hampton. 

187J— H. Carlisle, Post 3, Portsmouth ; P. C. Asserson, Post 
3, Portsmouth ; Jas. Copeland, Post 6, Portsmouth ; Hamilton 
Hodges, Post 6, Portsmouth ; N. V. Carne}^ Post 6, Portsmouth. 

1875 — James Booth, Post 3, Portsmouth ; Nelson Carney, Post 
6, Portsmouth ; AVm. Teemer, Post 7, Norfolk ; AVm. Randall, Post 
9, Hampton ; Jos. M. Owens, Post 15, Hampton. 

187f)— Jas. N. Everett, Post 3, Portsmouth ; John Pugh, Post 
6, Portsmouth ; Wilson Gatewood, Post 7, Norfolk ; John Healy, 
Post 15, Hampton ; S. S. Collins, Post 14, Norfolk. 

1877— Robert Smith, Post 1, Portsmouth ; William Gait, Post 

2, Norfolk ; John Baker and August Zarotsky, Post 3, National 
Hoiiip ; SainiK'l .T. Anable, Post 4, Richmond. 

* Deceased. 



Depaetment of Virginia. 627 

1878— Wm. N. Eaton, Post 1, Portsmouth ; Stephen Wilson, 
Post 2, Norfolk ; Edward Dailey and J. T. Prick, Post 3, National 
Home ; W. J. Manning, Post 4, Richmond. 

1879 — Wm. J. Applebee, Post 1, Portsmouth ; Daniel Langley, 
Post 2, Norfolk ; Herbert Davidson, Post 3, National Home ; 
George Walcott, Post 4, Richmond ; Wm. Turner, Post 5, Nor- 
folk. 

1880 — Jas. Kennedy, Post 1, Portsmouth ; James Fenderson, 
Post 2, Norfolk ; John Folan, Post 3, National Home ; Samuel 
Simpkins, Post 5, Norfolk ; Nelson Carney, Post 7, Portsmouth. 

1881 — Jas. Kennedy, re-elected ; Stephen Wilson, Post 2, Nor- 
folk ; Thomas Webb, Post 3, National Home ; George Lecatur, 
Post 5, Norfolk ; Armistead Johnson, Post 8, Princess Anne 
County. 

1882 — Geo. Beatty, Post 1, Portsmouth ; Daniel Langley, Post 
2, Norfolk ; Hugh Kerr, Post 3, National Home ; Walter S. Wil- 
son, Post 5, Norfolk ; Alexander Gordon, Post 7, Portsmouth. 

1883— A. C. Fuller, Post 1, Portsmouth ; Severn S. Collins, 
Post 2, Norfolk ; P. R. McGregor, Post 3, National Home ; W. 
Diggs, Post 9, Hampton ; C. W. Burr, Post 10, Richmond. 

1884 — Henry Lamar, Post 1, Portsmouth ; A. C. Carter, Post 
2, Norfolk ; W. J. Manning, Post 10, Richmond ; Lewis Walters, 
Post 16, National Home ; W. H. Palmer, Post 5, Norfolk. 

1885 — Henry Lamar, re-elected ; J. Reardon, Post 3, National 
Home ; Peter Morton, Post 10, Richmond ; J. M. Burnett, Post 
11, Richmond ; Jacob Hefflefinger, Post 17, Newport News. 

1886— R. G. Staples, Post 1, Portsmouth ; C. F. Wolf, Post 3, 
National Home ; Thos. Fox, Post 10, Richmond ; J. Vauotty, Post 
16, National Home ; Wm. Couch, Post 17, Newport News. 

1887— M. R. Lloyd, Post 10, Richmond ; M. H. Haas, Post 26, 
Chesapeake City ; Jordan Williams, Post 2, Norfolk ; Michael 
Robinson, Post 16, National Home ; R. Babe, Post 26, National 
Home. 

1888— R. P. Wheeler, Post 27, Norfolk ; Wm. Hughes, Post 3, 
National Home ; Wm. Eagan, Post 10, Richmond ; M. Robinson, 
Post 16, Hampton ; Fred. Noerlinger, Post 26, Chesapeake City. 



(128 Grand Army of the Republic. 

The numbers of the Posts in Yirginia were changed in 1872 
and again in 1876. 

The following Posts of other States are attached (1888) to this 
Department : Post 15, AVilmington, North Carolina ; Post 22, 
Newbern, North Carolina ; Post 29, Beaufort, South Carolina. 



DEPARTMENT OF WEST VIRGINIA. 

West Virginia was originally constituted a Provisional De- 
partment April 9, 1868, with General John S. Witcher, of Wheel- 
ing, as Commander. 

The Adjutant-General, Grand Army of the Republic, reported 
the formation of a permanent Department, with seventeen Posts, 
September 12, 1868, but no returns were made to National Head- 
quarters. Early in 1871, the Department was formally declared 
disbanded. 

REORGANIZATION. 

In the fall of 1880, principally through the efforts of H. V. 
Daniels, of Harper's Ferry, Post No. 1 was organized at Martins- 
burg, and received a charter from National Headquarters. In 
November, 1880, Comrade W. H. H. Flick was appointed Com- 
mander of a Provisional Department, and H. V. Daniels, Assistant 
Adj utaut-Generai. 

The convention to form a permanent Department met in 
Clarksburg, February 20, 1883, with eleven Posts represented. 

Annual meetings have been held as follows : 

I. February 20, 18S8, Clarksburg ; II. March 20, 1884, Par- 

kersburg ; III. May 25, 1885, Wheeling ; IV. April 26, 188(5, 

Wheeling; V. April 27, 1887, Fairmont; VI. April 25, 1888, 
Westou. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1880-3884, W. H. H. Flick, Post 1, Martinsburg ; 1885, Chas. 
B. Smitli, Post 14, Parkersburg; 1886, Jolin Carlin, Post 12, 
\Vli('<diiig ; died while so serving, March, 1887 ; succeeded by 



Department of "West Yirginia. 629 

Geo. W. Taggart, Post 14, Parkersburg ; 1887, Lee Haymond, 
Post 8, Clarksburg ; 1888, Eufus E. Fleming, Post 6, Fairmont. 

senior vice-commanders. 

1883, I. H. Duval, Post 9, Wellsburg ; 1884, E. S. Northcott, 
Post 8, Clarksburg ; 1885, *John Carlin ; 1886, *Lee Haymond ; 
1887., *E. E. Fleming ; 1888, S. S. Hazen, Post 14, Parkersburg. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1883, tE. S. Northcott; 1884, *Clias B. Smith; 1885, fLee 
Haymond ; 1886, tE. E. Fleming ; 1887, E. H. Freer, Post 36, 
Eitchie Court House ; 1888, Geo. J. Walker, Post 28, Jackson 
Court House. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1883-84, D. P. Morgan, Post 8, Clarksburg ; 1885, John E. 
Smith, Post 12, AVheeling ; 1886, M. S. Hall, Post 36, Harrisville ; 
1887-88, J. J. Morgan, Post 49, Buckhannon. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1883, Thos. C. Miller, Post 6, Fairmont ; 1884, John Carlin, 
Post 12, Wheeling ; 1885-88, E, M. W^allace, Post 8, Clarksburg. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1880-85, H. V. Daniels, Post 1, Martinsburg ; 1886-87, F. H. 
Crago, Post 12, Wheeling ; 1888, Thos. A. Maulsby, Post 6, Fair- 
mont. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1883, J. H. Bristor, Post 1, Martinsburg ; 1884, E. G. Bartlett, 
Post 1, Martinsburg ; 1885, J. L. Buckley, Post 14, Parkersburg ; 
1886-88, Thos. C. Miller, Post 6, Fairmont. 

INSPECTORS. 

1883, E. G. Bartlett, Post 1, Martinsburg ; 1884, J. E. Smith, 
Post 12, Wheeling ; 1885, Van H. Bukey, Post 14, Parkersburg ; 
1886-87, Phineas Gano, Post 33, West Union ; 1888, Josiah Sin- 
clair, Post 48, Benwood. 

* To Department Commander. f To Senior Yice-Commander. 



6S0 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1883, S. P. McCormick, Post 7, Grafton ; 1884-86, I. H. Duval, 
Post 9, Wellsburg ; 1887, T. G. Field, Post 14, Parkersburg ; 1888, 
Heury C. Fleslier, Post 28, Jackson Court House. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS, 

1883, M. Eagen, Post 14, Parkersburg ; 1884-86, M. S. Kiley, 
Post 8, Clarksburg ; 1887, Thos. A. Fleming, Post 6, Fairmont ; 
1888, L. A. Martin, Post 73, Charleston. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1883 — Alex. C. Moore, Post 8, Clarksburg ; Geo. V. Eatliman, 
Post 1, Martinsburg ; T. A. Fleming, Post 6, Fairmont ; E. G. 
Bartlett, Post 1, Martinsburg ; Henry Haymond, Post 8, Clarks- 
burg. 

1884 — Alex. C. Moore, Geo. V. Eatliman, re-elected ; Geo. W. 
Taggart, Post 14, Parkersburg ; B. F. Malone, Post 12, Wheeling ; 
Jos. Barker, Post 18, New Cumberland. 

1885— B. F. Malone, re-elected ; E. S. Northcott, Post 8, 
Clarksburg ; G. K. Mallory, Post 14, Parkersburg ; L. G. Brock, 
Post 21, Moundsville ; Benj. Harvey, Post 9, Wellsburg. 

1886— E. S. Northcott, re-elected ; E. H. Freer, Post 36, Eit- 
chie Court House ; I. H. Duval, Post 9, "Wellsburg ; Geo. "W. 
Taggart, Post 14, Parkersburg ; D. E. King, Post 32, Bellville. 

1887— D. E. King, re-elected ; E. A. Bennett, Post 4, Hunting- 
ton ; T. H. Marks, Post 9, Wellsburg ; W. J. Kerns, Post 8, 
Clarksburg ; Chas. E. Anderson, Post 50, AVeston. 

1888 — Chas. E. Anderson, re-elected ; Dixon E. King, Post 32, 
Bellville ; C. E. Irwin, Post 86, Wheeling ; O. M. Clemens, Post 
14, Parkersburg ; John Schafer, Post 44, Volcano. 



DEPAETMENT OF KENTUCKY. 

Kentucky was first constituted a Provisional Department in 
January, 1.S67. Thomas V>. Fairleigh, A^^ E. Eiley and H. K. Mil- 
ward in turn served as Provisional Commanders. Though reports 



Depaktment of Kentucky. 631 

were made to Natirual Headquarters up to 1874, no roster of offi- 
cers or other details seem to have been preserved. 

Post 2, Covington, was first chartered as Post 195, Department 
of Ohio. A number of the charter-members were previously con- 
nected with Geo. H. Thomas Post No. 13, Cincinnati. 

Captain James C. Michie, of Covington, was appointed Pro- 
visional Commander ; AV. H. Harton, Newport, Senior Vice-Com- 
mander ; G. W. Northup, Louisville, Junior Vice-Commander ; 
W. G. Allen, Covington, Assistant Adjutant-General ; O. A. Eey- 
nolds, Covington, Assistant Quartermaster-General ; J. H. Fisher, 
Inspector ; S. T. Jack, Chief Mustering Officer, and L. R. Ha- 
thorn, T. E. Livezey and C. H. Baldwin, Council of Adminis- 
tration. 

A permanent Department was formed at Covington, January 
16, 1883. 

ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

January 16, 1883, Covington ; March, 1884, Louisville ; March 
27, 1885, Newport ; April 16, 1886, Louisville ; April 13, 1887, 
Louisville ; April 17, 1888, Maysville. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1882, Provisional, James C. Michie ; 1883, Jas. C. Michie, Post 
2, Covington ; 1884, W. H. Harton, Post 1, Newport ; 1885, G. W. 
Northup, Post 6, Louisville ; 1886, T. Z. Morrow, Post 20, Somer- 
set ; 1887, AVm. Bowman, M. D., Post 9, Tollesboro' ; 1888, O. A. 
Heynolds, Post 2, Covington. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1883, *"W. H. Harton ; 1884, *Geo. AV. Northup ; 1885, D. 
O'Riley, Post 8, Leitchfield ; 1886, *Wm. Bowman ; 1887, J. D. 
Forrester, Post 6, Louisville ; 1888, Vincent Boring, Post 
52, London. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1883, tG. AY. Northup ; 1884, tD. O'Eiley ; 1885, O. A. Rey- 
nolds ; 1886, tJ. D. Forrester ; 1887, *0. A. Reynolds ; 1888, M. 
Mintou, Post 6, Louisville. 

* To Department Commander. f To Senior Vice-Commander. 



032 Grand Army of the Republic. 



MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 



1884, Wm. Bowman, Post 9, Tollesboro' ; 1886, H. S. Woods, 
Post 8, Leitchlield ; 1887, B. Letcher, Post 46, Henderson ; 1888, 
J. T. Huff, Post 9, Plummer's Landing. 



CHAPLAINS. 



1883, *Clias. Baldwin, Post 2, Covington ; died June, 1883 ; 
1884, O. A. Reynolds, Post 2, Covington ; 1886, S. D. Van Pelt, 
Post 15, Danville ; 1887-88, W. H. Childers, Post 63, Tollesboro'. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1883, W. G. Allen, Post 2, Covington; 1884, Clias. Rade- 
macher, Post 1, Newport ; 1885, F. C. Losey, Post 6, Louisville ; 
1886, H. G. Trimble, Post 20, Somerset ; 1887, A. S. Cole, Post 9, 
Fearis ; 1888, W. A. Newton, Post 2, Covington. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1883, O. A. Reynolds, Post 2, Covington ; 1884, L. R. Haw- 
thorn, Post 1, Newport ; 1885, A. AVhedon, Post 6, Louisville ; 

1886, C. B. Owens, Post 20, Somerset ; 1887, S. G. Hillis, Post 9, 
Fearis ; 1888, S. T. Jack, Post 2, Covington. 

INSPECTORS. 

188S-85, R. B. Caldwell, Post 6, Louisville ; 1886, Ed. Helpp, 
Post 21, Lebanon ; 1887-88, D. O'Riley, Post 8, Leitchfield. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1884, T. Z. Morrow, Post 20, Somerset ; 1885, John Speed, 
Post 6, Louisville ; 1886, W. J. AVorthiugton, Post 26, Greenup ; 

1887, M. C. Hutchins, Post 13, Maysville ; 1888, E. H. Kilpatrick, 
Post 1, Newport. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1883-84, S. T. Jack, Post 2, Covington ; 188(5, T. E. Livezey, 
Post 2, Covington ; 1887, Edward Helpp, Post 21, Lebanon ; 1888, 
E. Dailey, Post 2, Covington. 

* Deceased. 



Department of Tennessee and Georgia. 633 

council of administration. 

1883— T. E. Livezey, Post 2, Covington ; L. K. Hawthorn, Post 
1, Newport ; C. H. Baldwin, Post 2, Covington. 

1884 — T. E. Livezey, L. R. Hawthorn, re-elected ; Edward 
Helpp, Post 21, Lebanon ; Geo. A. Metzel, Post 1, Newport ; W. 
H. Alexander ; J. D. Wilson. 

1885 — T. E, Livezey, Geo. A. Metzel, re-elected ; J. Paul Jones, 
Post 14, Ashland; Wm. Bowman, Post 9, Tollesboro'; J. B. Fish- 
back, Post 4, Louisville. 

1886—0. A. Reynolds, Post 2, Covington ; D. O'Riley, Post 8, 
Leitchfield ; Chas. Blanford, Post 19, Hardensburg ; J. B. Nail, 
Post 6, Louisville ; L. M. Drye, Post 21, Lebanon. 

1887— T. E. Livezey ; S. G. Hillis, Post 9, Concord ; G. E. 
Currie, Post 16, Dayton ; J. Hensler, Post 6, Louisville ; M. C. 
Hutchins, Post 13, Maysville. 

1888— T. E. Livezey, S. G. Hillis, M. C. Hutchins, re-elected ; 
F. C. Miller, Post 1, Newport ; A. Whedon, Post 75, Louisville. 

department HISTORIANS. 

1887, R. M. Kelly, Louisville ; 1888, Patrick Rush, Post 60, 
"Woodsonville. 

MEMORIAL DAY. 

Comrade S. G. Hillis, of Concord, Kentucky, a member of the 
House of Representatives, presented a bill in the Legislature of 
1887-88, making Memorial Day a legal holiday in that State, 
which was adopted. The measure received the vote of every 
member who had been in the Confederate service. 

The same Legislature also passed a bill authorizing the loan 
of arms and equipments to Posts. 



DEPARTMENT OF TENNESSEE AND GEORGIA. 

Posts were first organized in Tennessee in the fall of 1866 
and a Provisional Department was formed December 30 of that 
year. It was organized as a permanent Department, August 18, 



634 (rRAXD Army of the Republic. 

1868, F. W. Sparling, Commauder. The reports for December 
31, 18(58, showed seventeen Posts then in existence. The Post at 
Nashville at one time numbered 600 members. 

In 1868, the following served as officers of the Department : 
Commander, F. W. Sparling, Nashville ; Senior Vice-Commander, 
Euos Hoj^kius, Nashville ; Junior Vice-Commander. E. A. Otis, 
Nashville ; Medical Director, J. A. Fason, Liberty ; Chaj)lain, 
Jonathan Huntington, Nashville ; Council of Administration — W. 
P. Innis, J. H, Paramore, Michael Walsh, B. J. Sheridan, Marcus 
Grant, all of Nashville ; Assistant Adjutant-General, Wm. Gray, 
Nashville ; Assistant Quartermaster-General, A. S. Chadburn, 
Nashville ; Inspector, A. E. Alden, Nashville. 

The Grand Army, however, could not be then maintained in 
the State, and the organization soon ceased to exist. 

REORGANIZATION. 

In May, 1883, Comrade Edward S. Jones, Nashville, Tennessee, 
undertook the work of establishing Posts in Tennessee, and was 
appointed Provisional Commander, with A. W. AVills, Assistant 
Adjutant-General. Four Posts, with 136 members, were soon or- 
ganized. 

A permanent Department was effected February 26, 1884, 
with Colonel Edward S. Jones as Commander, and he was re- 
elected in 1885. Colonel Jones was born in Pennsylvania, and 
served during the war as Colonel 3d Pennsylvania Cavalry. He 
took a great interest in the organization, and his death, on No- 
vember 25, 1886, was caused by a cold contracted while forming 
a Post among the members of the Loyal 1st Alabama Cavalry in 
the mountains of Alabama. 

DEPARTMENT ENCAMPMENTS. 

I. February 26, 1884, Nashville ; 11. February 26, 1885, Chat- 
tanooga, Tennessee ; III. February 26, 1886, Atlanta, Georgia ; 
IV. April 14, 1887, Knoxville ; V. April 26, 1888, Athens, Ten- 
nessee. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS, 

1883, Provisional, Edward S, Jones, Post 1, Nashville. Perma- 
nent, 1884-86, Edward S. Jones ; died in office, November 25, 
1886 ; succeeded, Decemlxa- 1, 1886, by E. E. Winters, who was on 



Department of Tennessee and Georgia. 635 

that date elected by the Council of Administration ; 1887, W. J. 
Kamage, Post 14, Knoxville ; 1888, William Rule, Post 14, Knox- 
ville. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMAIIDERS. 

1884, S. S. Garrett, Post 3, Memphis ; 1885, W. S. Marshall, 
Post 2, Chattanooga ; 1886, Henry R. Gibson, Post 14, Knoxville ; 
resigned July 12 ; succeeded by Rev. T. C. AVarner, Post 2, Chat- 
tanooga ; 1887, J. H. Van Deman, Post 2, Chattanooga ; 1888, A. 
E. Sholes, Post 44, Augusta, Georgia. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1884, Newton T. Real, Post 17, Rogersville ; 1885, C. L. Wil- 
son, Post 21, Atlanta, Georgia ; 1886, *A. E. Sholes ; 1887, W. H. 
Hunter, Post 49, Rirmingham, Alabama ; 1888, C. A. Reckert, 
Post 24, Cullman, Alabama. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1884, Frank Weise, Post 1, Nashville ; 1885, C. A. Reckert, 
Post 24, Cullman, Alabama ; 1886, J. H. Van Deman, Post 2, 
Chattanooga ; 1887, T. H. Kearney, Post 14, Knoxville ; 1888, E. 
H. Price, Post 2, Chattanooga. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1884, W. J. Smith, Post 3, Memphis ; 1885, T. C. Warner, Post 
2, Chattanooga ; 1886, E. M. Cravath, Post 1, Nashville ; 1887-88, 
J. F. Spence, Post 25, Athens. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1883, A. W. Wills, Nashville ; 1884, James Chamberlin, Post 
1, Nashville ; 1885, W. J. Watson, Post 1, Nashville ; 1886, E. E. 
Winters, Post 1, Nashville; elected Department Commander; 
succeeded as Assistant Adjutant-General, by W. O. Gallagher, Post 
1 ; 1887, W. A. Gage, Post 14, Knoxville ; 1888, Frank Seaman, 
Post 14, Knoxville. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1884, P. M. Radford, Post 1, Nashville ; 1885, Henry Trauer- 
nicht. Post 1, Nashville ; 1883, W. M. Woodcock, Post 1, Nash- 
ville ; 1887-88, Ignaz Fanz, Post 14, Kno xville. 

* To Senior Vice-Commaader. 



6£6 Grand Army of thp: Republic. 

inspectors. 

1884, Henry R. Hinkle, Post 6, Savannah ; 1885, Newton T. 
Real, Post 17, Rogersville ; 1886, Hamilton C. Oldroyd, Post 45, 
Chattanooga; 1887, J. B. Woolson, Post 2, Chattanooga; 1888, H. 
C. Whitaker, Post 46, New Market. 

JUD G E- AD VOC ATES. 

1884, L. A. Gratz, Post 14, Knoxville ; 1885-86, Jas. O. Pierce, 
Post 3, Memphis ; 1887-88, W. J. Smith, Post 3, Memphis. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1884, J. T. Wolverton, Post 7, Adamsville ; 1885, Chas. W. Nor- 
wood, Post 2, Chattanooga ; 1886, L. T. HoUand, Post 31, Tulla- 
homa ; resigned June 28 ; succeeded by Carter D. Harrison, Post 
23, Murfreesboro' ; 1887, D. D. Snyder, Post 21, Atlanta, Georgia ; 
1888, J. W. Miller, Post 14, Knoxville. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1884^Edward M. Main, Post 1, Nashville ; T. B. Edgington, 
Post 3, Memphis ; Peter Martin, Post 4, Nashville; A. B. Wilson, 
Post 8, Greeneville ; Samuel Long, Post 17, Rogersville. 

1885— J. J. Heuser, Post 1, Nashville ; H. F. Temple, Post 2, 
Chattanooga ; G. W. Whitfield, Post 10, Pulaski ; J. N. Moore, 
Post IS, Bulls Gap ; A. B. Hays, Post 24, Cullman, Alabama. 

1886 — A. J. Gahagan, Post 2, Chattanooga ; E. E. Winters, Post 
1, Nashville ; AY. R. Carter, Post 14, Knoxville ; M. J. P. Nesbit, 
Post 22, Chattanooga ; W. H. Hunter, Post 49, Birmingham, Ala- 
bama. 

1887— M. J. P. Nesbit, re-elected ; E. N. Edmonds, Post 49, 
Birmingham, Alabama ; Newton Hacker, Post 35, Jonesl)oro' ; W. 
J. Watson, Post 1, Nashville ; C. W. Norwood, Post 45, Chatta- 
nooga. 

1888— M. J. P. Nesbit, re-elected ; Chris. Bathman, Post 45, 
Chattanooga ; I. B. Kinkead, Post 1, Nashville ; L. A. Gratz, 
Post 14, Knoxville ; W. J. Ramage, Post 14, Knoxville. 

All of the 64 Posts reporting to this Department (1888) are lo- 
cated in Tennessee, except the following : Post 21, Atlanta, Geor- 



Department of Florida. 637 

gia ; Post 24, Cullman, Alabama ; Post 44, Augusta, Georgia ; 
Post 49, Birmingham ; Post 53, Huntsville, and Post 54, Double 
Springs, Alabama. 



DEPAKTMENT OF FLOKIDA. 

Florida was constituted a Provisional Department in Febru- 
ary, 1868, with Clias. Mundee, Tallahassee, as Commander. He 
was succeeded by Colonel C. M. Hamilton, who served until Feb- 
ruary 5, 1871, when Horatio Jenkins was appointed. The Pro- 
visional Department was discontinued January 28, 1875, all the 
Posts in Florida having been then abandoned. 

Early in 1880 a Post was chartered at Warrington, composed 
principally of men working in the Navy Yard, and a Provisional 
Department was formed, with L. ^Y. Kowley as Provisional Com- 
mander. On July 9, 1884, a permanent Department was estab- 
lished with six Posts : Nos. 1 and 2, at Warrington ; No. 3, Key 
West ; No. 4, Jacksonville ; No. 5, Eustis ; No. 6, Jacksonville ; 
No. 7, Longwood. 

Officers of the Department have served as follows : 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1884, Frank N. Wicker, Post 3, Key West ; 1885, T. S. Wil- 
marth. Post 4, Jacksonville ; 1886, G. H. Norton, Post 5, Eustis ; 
1887, E. W. Henck, Post 7, Longwood ; 1888, Wm. James, Post 4, 
Jacksonville. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1884, *T. S. Wilmarth ; 1885, *G. H. Norton ; 1886, W. W. 
Hunt, Post 7, Longwood ; 1887, *Wm. James ; 1888, J. W. V. E. 
Plummer, Post 3, Key West. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1884, tG. H. Norton ; 1885, Geo. B. Loud, Post 2, Warrington ; 
1886, tWm. James ; 1887, fJ. W. V. E. Plummer ; 1888, A. L. Cole, 
Post 7, Palatka. 

* To Department Commander. t To Senior Vice-Commander. 



638 Grand Army of the Republic. 



MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 



ISSo-Sfi, J. W. y. R. Plummer, Post 3, Key West ; 1887, A. L. 
Cole, Post 12, Palatka ; 1888, W. Kelrner, Post 10, Orlando. 



CHAPLAINS. 



1885-86, Samuel D. Paine, Post 4, Jacksonville ; 1887, S. F. 
Gale, Post 4, Jacksonville ; 1888, Dennis Spencer, Post 12, Pa- 
latka. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1884, W. H. Horr, Post 3, Key West ; 1885, Samuel W. Fox, 
Post 4, Jacksonville ; 1886, Jas. A. Pine, Post 5, Eustis ; 1887, E. 
H. Cheney, Post 10, Orlando ; 1888, S. W. Fox, Post 4, Jack- 
sonville. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1885, S. C. Thompson, Post 4, Jacksonville ; 1886, B. F. Adams, 
Post 5, Eustis ; 1887, G. W. Lewton, Post 7, Longwood ; 1888, 
Chas. M. Ellis, Post 4, Jacksonville. 

INSPECTORS. 

1885, Wra. Emraerson, Post 5, Eustis ; 1886, H. P. Bussey, 
Post 10, Orlando ; 1887, J. De Y. Hazzard, Post 5, Eustis ; 1888, 
Jas. A. Pine, Post 5, Eustis. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1885, David S. Neval, Post 1, Warrington ; 1886, S. W. Fox, 
Post 4, Jacksonville ; 1887, O. W. Bromwell, Post 12, Palatka ; 
1888, Geo. W. Lewton, Post 7, Longwood. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1885, D. W. Herrick, Post 5, Eustis ; 1886-87, Wm. Emmer- 
son, Post 5, Eustis. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1885— B. F. Stearns, Post 2, Warrington ; G. W. Lewton, Post 
7, Longwood ; P. E. McMurray, Post 4, Jacksonville ; James A. 
Pine, Post 5, Eustis ; Frank Franklin, Post 6, Jacksonville. 



Depabtment of Louisiana and Mississippi. 089 

1886— Frank Franklin, re-elected ; John T. Talbot, Post 4, 
Jacksonville ; B. B. Campbell, Post 10, Orlando ; S. P. Hatch, 
Post 7, Longwood ; S. P. Chapman, Post 5, Eustis. 

1887— C. S. Shattuck, Post 10, Orlando ; T. L. Kogers, Day- 
tona ; D. ^Y. Herrick, Post 5, Eustis ; E. M. Corwin, Post 4, Jack- 
sonville ; J. S. Dean, Post 12, Palatka. 

1888— C. S. Shattuck, re-elected ; G. W. Cooley, Post 7, Long- 
wood ; A. E. Papy, Post 14, St. Augustine ; C. F. Avery, Post 12, 
Palatka ; C. C. Moulton, Post 5, Eustis. 



DEPARTMENT OF LOUISIANA AND MISSISSIPPL 

(Formerly Department of the Gulf.) 

At the National Encampment in Philadelphia, January 15, 
1868, Adjutant-General Stephenson reported receipt of $130 for 
dues and fees from the Department of Louisiana, a sum twice as 
much as paid by any other Department and over one-third of the 
whole amount received by him. At that meeting H. C. War- 
mouth was elected a member of the National Council of Adminis- 
tration. 

Adjutant-General Chipman later reported that Louisiana had 
been made a Provisional Department in January, 1867, and was 
organized as a permanent Department, July 8, 1867 ; H, C. War- 
mouth, Commander ; C. H. Merritt, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

No reports were filed of membership, but ten Posts had been 
then organized, mainly composed of men still in the military 
service, and these largely of colored soldiers. As they were from 
time to time mus-ored out of service, the Posts gradually dis- 
banded, a natural result under the circumstances, yet hastened by 
the intense feeling of opposition then manifested to any meetings 
of Union soldiers and sailors in that section. 

reorganization. 

Jos. A. Mower Post No. 1 was organized in New Orleans, April 
10, 1872, with the following charter-members : Joseph Mark, 
James H. Wright, W. G. James, York A. Woodward, Charles A. 



640 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Meyers, Isidore McCormack, Charles Barnard, Joliu S. Nissen, B. 
S. Burroughs, Joseph H. Lawler, F. AV. Harrison, D. A. Wood- 
worth, Frank Lee, Van II. K. Hilliard and F. H. Whittaker. 

Beginning with these fifteen members, this Post gradually ex- 
tended its influence by a careful selection of those eligible to 
membership. The Post, early in its history, undertook the work 
of securing funds to erect a Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in 
the Chalmette National Cemetery, being aided to some extent by 
Posts and comrades in the North, through a request endorsed by 
Headquarters, Grand Army of the Republic. * 

On March 28, 1883, the States of Louisiana, Mississipiji, Ala- 
bama and Texas were formed in a Provisional Department, to be 
known as the Department of the Gulf, with the following officers : 
Commander, Chas. Theil, Post 1, New Orleans ; Senior Yice- 
Commander, William Roy, Post 1, New Orleans ; Junior Yice- 
Commander, AVilliam Hamlett, Post 1, New Orleans ; Medical 
Director, W. H. Harrison, Post 2, Baton Rouge ; Chaplain, Yan R. 
K. Hilliard, Post 1, New Orleans ; Assistant Adjutant-General, 
William Wright, Post 2, New Orleans ; Assistant Quartermaster- 
General, James B. Ludwick, Post 1, New Orleans ; Judge-Advo- 
cate, Chas. Rice, Post 1, New Orleans ; Inspector, Henry Street, 
Post 1, New Orleans ; Chief Mustering Officer, York A. Wood- 
ward, Post 1, New Orleans. 

McPherson Post No. 1 had been previously organized at Sher- 
man, Texas. 

On Ajjril 10, 1883, Harney Post No. 2 was organized at Baton 
Rouge, and later, T. O. Howe Post No. 3, New Orleans, and E. J. 
Davis Post No. 2, Galveston, Texas, were chartered. 

The permanent Department was organized at New Orleans, 
May 15, 1884, with Comrade Wra. Roy, Post 1, New Orleans, as 
Commander. In 1885 the Posts in Texas were detached from the 
Department of the Gulf to form the Department of Texas. 

By General Orders from National Headquarters, dated June 
13, 188H, the title. Department of the Gulf, was changed to Depart- 
ment of Louisiana and Mississippi. 

Meetings of the Department have been held in New Orleans as 
follows : 

L INIay 15, 1884; II. May 10, 1885; IIL March 30, 1880- 
IV. April 11, 1887 ; Y. March 12, 1888. 



Department of Louisiana and Mississippi. 041 

department commanders. 

1884, William Key, Post 1, New Orleans ; 1885, James W. 
Scully, Post 3, New Orleans ; 1886, A. S. Badger, Post 1, New 
Orleans ; 1887, A. S. Graham, Post 3, New Orleans ; 1888, Jacob 
Gray, Post 1, New Orleans. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1884, John Donaldson, Post 1, New Orleans ; 1885, James B. 
Ludwick, Post 1, New Orleans ; 1886, J. W. Garlepier, Post 4, 
New Orleans ; 1887, P. H. Boyle, Post 1, New Orleans ; 1888, F. 
A. Olroyd, Post 2, New Orleans. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1884, *William Simpson, Post 3, New Orleans ; died in 1887, 
in California ; 1885, Henry Schorten, Post 2, Baton Kouge ; 1886, 
D. J. Farney, Post 3, New Orleans ; 1887, H. C. Bartlett, Post 3, 
New Orleans ; 1888, J. E. Commons, Post 5, New Orleans. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1884-85, W. H. Harrison, Post 2, Baton Eouge ; 1886-88, J. B. 
Yandegriflf, Post 3, New Orleans. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1884-88, Van R. K. Hilliard, Post 1, New Orleans. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1884, William Wright, Post 1, New Orleans ; 1885, A. S. Gra- 
ham, Post 3, New Orleans ; 1886, E. V. Hitch, Post 1, New Or- 
leans ; 1887, C. H. Shute, Post 1, New Orleans ; 1888, W. G. 
James, Post 1, New Orleans. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1884, J. B. Ludwig, Post 1, New Orleans ; 1885, Henry Street, 
Post 3, New Orleans ; 1886, P. H. Boyle, Post 1, New Orleans ; 
1887, S. M. Eaton, Post 1, New Orleans ; 1888, P. H. Boyle, Post 
1, New Orleans. 

* Deceased. 
41 



642 Grand Army of the Republic, 



INSPECTORS. 



188-1, Henry Street, Post 3, New Orleans ; 1885, D. J. Farney, 
Post o. New Orleans ; 1886, Henry Scliorten, Post 2, New Orleans ; 
1887-88, Gaspar Slabouski, Post 3, New Orleans. 



JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 



1884-85, CLas. S. Rice, Post 1, New Orleans ; 1886, Samuel 
Mullen, Post 3, New Orleans ; 1887, Henry Heidenliain, Post 1, 
New Orleans ; 1888, E. Stewart Dennee, Post 5, New Orleans. 



CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 



1884, Alex. Kulin, Post 8, New Orleans ; 1885, Jas. H. Wright, 
Post 1, New Orleans ; 1886, Louis Vogel, Post 5, New Orleans ; 
1887, R. Stewart Dennee, Post 5, New Orleans ; 1888, H. C. Bart- 
lett, Post 3, New Orleans. 



COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1884— C. C. Tracy, Post 1 ; H. Scliorten, Post 2 ; Wm. Arms, 
J. Stone, A. Y. Mallory. 

1885 — C. C. Tracy, re-elected ; John De Long, Post 2 ; Chas. 
H. Wise-, Post 3 ; Thos. Stone, Post 4 ; INF. W. Harmore, Post 5. 

1886— C. C. Tracy, C. H. Wise, re-elected ; H. C. Blessing, 
Post 2 ; Gustav Hankert, Post 4 ; Frederick Brunner, Post 5. 

1887— C. C. Tracy, F. Brunner, Gustav Hankert, *C. H. Wise, 
re-elected ; C. H. Shute, Post 1. 

1888— F. Brunner, re-elected ; M. M. Fuller, Post 1 ; AVm. 
Wright, Post '.. ; C. H. Ross, Post 3 ; F. A. Bradley, Post 4. 

The Posts of this Department (1888) are located as follows: 
Jos. A. Mower Post No. 1, New Orleans ; Harney Post No. 2, 
Baton Rouge. ; and T. O. Howe Post No. 3, A. Lincoln Post No. 4, 
and Custer Post No. 5, New Orleans. 

* Deceased. 



Department of Arkansas. 643 

DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS. 

Arkansas was represented in the Indianapolis (1866) Encamp- 
ment by Brigadier-General Robert F. Catterson, formerly Colonel 
97tli Indiana. A Provisional Department was organized April 
18, 1867. 

Colonel Logan H. Roots, of Little Rock, represented the De- 
partment at the National Encampment in Washington, May, 1870, 
and was then elected member of the National Council of Admin- 
istration. Five Posts had been organized, but the political com- 
plications in that State prevented the organization of other Posts, 
and soon compelled the disbandment of those previously formed. 

REORGANIZATION. 

Comrade Stephen Wheeler, of Fort Smith, Arkansas, was ap- 
pointed Provisional Commander by Commander-in-Chief Van 
Der Voort, July 1, 1883, at which date five Posts were in exist- 
ence : Post 1, Little Rock ; Post 2, Fort Smith ; Post 3, Conway; 
Post 4, Galloway ; Post 5, Hot Springs, and Post 6, Eureka 
Springs. 

On April 18, 1884, a permanent Department was formed at a 
meeting held at Hot Springs, and Provisional Commander Wheeler 
was elected Department Commander. 

Annual meetings of the Department have been held : 

L April 10, 1884, Hot Springs; IL April 8, 1885, Eureka 
Springs ; III. April 14, 1883, Little Rock ; IV. April 27, 1887, 
Fort Smith ; V. March 13, 1888, Fayetteville. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1883, Provisional, Stephen Wheeler ; 1884, Stephen Wheeler, 
Post 2, Fort Smith ; 1885, C. M. Barnes, Post 2, Fort Smith; 1886, 
Chas. C. Waters, Post 1, Little Rock ; 1887, Thomas Boles, Post 
2, Fort Smith ; 1888, S. K. Robinson, Post 2, Fort Smith. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1883, Provisioned, M. Mitchell; 1884, Tobien ; 1885, 

R. E. Jackson, Post 5, Hot Springs ; 1886, David Greaves, Post 5, 
Hot Springs ; 1887, S. D. Gilbreath, Post 14, West Fork ; 1888, 
Ira A. Church, Post 39, Texarkana. 



(U4 Grand Army of the IIepublic. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1883, PwvishnaJ, R. E. Jackson ; 1884, Clarke W. Harrington ; 
1885, W. S. Whitten, Post 1, Little Hock ; 1886, James Gates, Post 
9, Siloam Springs : 1887, M. Kirst, Post 17, Little Rock ; 1888, W. 
C. Roberts, Post 34, Huntsville. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1885, W. W. Johnson, Post 6, Eureka Springs ; 1836, Geo. R. 
Weeks, Post 1, Little Rock ; 1887, W. W. Bailey, Post 2, Fort 
Smith ; 1888, S. P. Sample, Post 14, West Fork. 

CHAPLAINS. 

1885, W. H. Manary, Post 18, Judsonia ; 1886, W. A. Clark, 
Post 5, Hot Springs; 1887-88, James Mitchell, Post 2, Fort 
Smith. 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1883-84, *Cassius M. Barnes, Post 2, Fort Smith ; 1885, S. K. 
Robinson, Post 2, Fort Smith ; 1886, W. G. Akers, Post 1, Little 
Rock ; 1887, *S. K. Robinson, Post 2, Fort Smith ; 1888, C. M. 
Barnes, Post 2, Fort Smith. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1884-85, Hubbard Stone, Post 2, Fort Smith ; 1886, N. W. 
Cox, Post 1, Little Rock ; 1887-88, Stephen Wheeler, Post 2, Fort 
Smith. 

INSPECTORS. 

1884, I. W. Carhart, Post 5, Hot Springs ; 1885, Frank Pease, 
Post 13, Crystal Spring ; 1886, D. C. Rugg, Post 5, Hot Springs ; 
1887, Aug. Fischer, Post 21, Sub Rosa ; 1888, Thomas Brooks, 
Post 19, Fayette ville. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1884, C. C. Waters, Post 1, Little Rock ; 1885, J. M. Pomeroy, 
Post 17, Little ]{()ck ; 1886, S. H. Sherlock, Post 2, Fort Smith ; 
1887, H. C. (Caldwell, Post 17, Little Rock ; 1888, Oscar D. Scott, 
Post 39, Texarkana. 

* To Department Commander. 



Department of Texas. 645 

chief mustering officers. 

1884, J. W. True, Post 6, Eureka Springs ; 1885, Gideon S. 
White, Post 14, West I^ork ; 1886, S. K. Robinson, Post 2, Fort 
Smith ; 1887, C. M. Barnes, Post 2, Fort Smith ; 1888, S. M. Ptob- 
erts. Post 4, Bentonville. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1885— S. D. Gilbreath, Post 14, West Fork ; Burgess Nevels, 
Post 12, Pine Bluff ; John Wilson, Post 16, Mauntainburg ; M. 
Kirst, Post 17, Little Rock ; Geo. Kidwell, Post 20, Burnsville. 

1886— S. D. Gilbreath, M. Kirst, re-elected ; Thos. Boles, Post 
2, Fort Smith ; James Mitchell, Post 23, Fort Smith ; W. J. Price, 
Post 27, Rogers, 

1887— H. F. Mons, Post 1, Little Rock ; C. M. Barnes, Po.st 2, 
Fort Smith ; D. C. Rugg, Post 5, Hot Springs ; Logan H. Roots, 
Post 17, Little Rock ; Lafayette Gregg, Post 19, Fayetteville. • 

1888 — Logan H. Roots, Lafayette Gregg, re-elected ; Powell 
Clayton, Post 6, Eureka Springs ; S. D, Gilbreath, Post 14, West 
Fork ; A. M. Adams, Post 1, Little Rock. 

By General Orders from Headquarters Grand Army of the 
Republic, that part of the Indian Territory embraced in the 
Choctaw, Cherokee and Chickasaw Nations has been added to the 
Department of Arkansas. 



DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS. 

Texas was first constituted as a Provisional Department, Sep- 
tember 10, 1868, E. J. Davis, Austin, Provisional Commander. 
The organization of a permanent Department was effected at 
Austin, February 12, 1872, when twelve Posts had been char- 
tered. 

The officers elected at this Encampment were : Department 
Commander, E. J. Davis ; Senior Yice-Commauder, J. C. De 
Gress ; Junior Vice-Commander, A. G. Malloy ; Medical Director, 
V. H. Coffman ; Chaplain, George W. Honey ; Council of Admin- 



646 Grand Army of the Republic. 

istratiou — Lowry L. Moore, Henry Orsay, Heury Muller, W. R. 
Maxwell ami Charles Parker. James Davidson was appointed 
Assistant Adjutant-General, and represented the Department ao 
the National Encampment, Cleveland, Ohio, May 8, 1872. No re- 
ports were afterwards made to National Headquarters, and the 
Department organization was soon disbanded owing to the causes 
before referred to as affecting all other Southern States. 

In 1876 the Post at Sherman was revived and a Provisional 
Department was constituted, with S. B. Wright as Commander and 
S. B. Helwig, Assistant Adjutant-General. In 1883, Post 1, Sher- 
man, was assigned to the Department of the Gulf. 

REORGANIZATION. 

A permanent Department Avas formed of the Posts in Texas, 
March 25, 1885. 

ANNUAL MEETINGS. 

I. March 25, 1885 ; 11. March, 1886, Dallas ; III. April 21, 
1887, Galveston ; IV. April 11, 1888, Austin. 

DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. 

1885, W. D. Wylie, Post 6, Dallas ; 1886, O. T. Lyon, Post 1, 
Sherman ; 1887, W. H. Sinclair, Post 2, Galveston ; 1888, J. C. 
De Gress, Post 10, Austin. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1885, F. K. Sturgis, Post 2, Galveston ; 1886, A. K. Taylor, 
Post 9, Houston ; 1887, Daniel Webster, Post 5, Denison ; 1888, 
R. B. Baer, Post 9, Houston. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1885, F. W. Bradley, Post 4, Fort Worth ; 1886, A. H. Bennett, 
Post 4, Fort Worth ; 1887, A. G. Leflfel, Post (), Dallas ; 1888, 
Samuel Emerson, Post 4, Fort Worth. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1886, W. H. Deal, Post 7, Cleburne ; 1887-88, C. B. Stoddard, 
Post 10, Austin. 



Department of Texas. Ott? 

CHAPLAIN. 

1886-88, David Perkins, Post 9, Houston 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1885, Geo. W. Hjnson, Dallas ; 1886, John Donalson, Post 1, 
Sliermau ; resigned February 16, 18i7 ; succeeded by Daniel 
Webster, Post 1 ; 1887, W. H. Griffin, Post 2, Galveston ; 1888, J. 
M. Odell, Post 10, Austin. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1886, Daniel AVebster, Post 1, Sherman ; 1887-88, A. K. Tay- 
lor, Post 9, Houston. 

INSPECTORS. 

1886, John Cochran, Post 1, Sherman ; 1887, J. P. Richardson, 
Post 10, Austin ; 1888, S. C. Slade, Post 19, El Paso. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1887, W. D. Wylie, Post 6, Dallas ; 1888, J. P. Richardson, 
Post 10, Austin. 

CHIEF MUSTERING OFFICERS. 

1887, *M. D. Kent, Post 4, Fort Worth ; died July 24, 1887 ; 
1888, J. N. Diehl, Post 4, Fort Worth. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1886— * John Bell, M. D., Post 6, Dallas ; AY. H. Sinclair, Post 
2, Galveston ; C. Dickson, Post 7,' Cleburne ; M. D. Kent, Post 4, 
Fort Worth ; J. P. Newcomb, Post 3, San Antonio. 

1887— AV. A. Stannard and J. Lee Burton, Post 2, Galveston ; 
S. C. Noble, Post 9, Houston ; L. B. Moore, Post 5, Denison ; R. 
B. Baer, Post 9, Houston. 

1888— D. S. Brown, Post 4, Fort Worth ; John M. Foss, Post 
11, Dallas ; J. H. Pratt, Post 17, Fort Clark ; S. C. Slade, Post 19, 
El Paso ; J. J. Anderson, Post 10, Austin. 

* Deceased. See portrait of Dr. Bell, page 89. 



648 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Posts of the Depiirtmeut are now located as follows : 1, Sher- 
man ; 2, Galveston ; 3, San Antonio ; 4, Fort Worth ; 5, Denison ; 
6, Dallas ; 9, Houston ; 10, Austin ; 11, Dallas ; 12, Gainesville ; 
13, AVills Point ; 14, Howe ; 15, Pink Hill, Grayson ; 16, Wliites- 
boro' ; 17, Fort Clark ; 18, McKinney ; 19, El Paso ; 20, Lam- 
pasas ; 21, Temple ; 22, Laredo ; 23, Denton ; 24, Georgetown ; 
25, Paris. 



In addition to the Department organizations in the South, in 
the States above named. Departments, both provisional and per- 
manent, were formed in 1868 and later, in North Carolina, South 
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. 

The officers of the Departments, and also of Posts, were mainly 
veterans holding positions under the National Government in the 
Internal Revenue or Postal service and in the Bureau of Freed- 
men. Without much more complete records it would be of little 
service to attempt to trace the history of these Departments. 

As shown above, there are now a large number of Posts in the 
South, and these will doubtless be increased in the near future. 



DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 

Stevens Post No. 1 was organized at Seattle, in 1878,' with 
thirteen charter-members. A Provisional Department was con- 
stituted July 10, 1878, and Comrade F. C. Sparling Avas appointed 
Provisional Commander. He was succeeded, April 17, 1883, by 
Comrade Geo. D. Hill, of Post 1, Seattle ; and on June 20, 1883, a 
permanent Department was organized at Olympia, seven Posts 
being then represented. 

Meetings of the permanent Department have been held as 
follows : 

I. June 20, 1883, Olympia; 11. April 16, 1884, Vancouver ; III. 
April 15, 1885, Vancouver ; IV. April 21, 1886, AValla-Walla ; V. 
April 20, 1887, Tacoma ; VI. April 18, 1888, Seattle. 



Department of Washington Territory. 649 

department commanders. 

1883, Geo. D. Hill, Post 1, Seattle ; 1884, Henry A. Morrow, 
Post 2, Vancouver ; 1885, A. M. Brookes, Post 1, Seattle ; 1886, C. 
M. Holton, Post 9, Yakima ; 1887, A. P. Curry, Post 8, Spokane 
Falls ; 1888, John W. Sprague, Post 6, Tacoma. 

SENIOR VICE-COMMANDERS. 

1883, F. F. Adams, Post 4, Walla-Walla ; 1884, *Jolin H. Smith, 

4, Walla-AValla ; 1885, C. H. Stone, Post 6, Tacoma ; 1883, fA. P. 
Curry ; 1887, O. B. Johnson, Post 1, Seattle ; 1888, S. G. Cos- 
grove, Post 22, Pomeroy. 

JUNIOR VICE-COMMANDERS, 

1883, H. A. Bigelow, Post 6, Tacoma; 1884, |C. H. Stone; 1885, 
G. A. Miller, Post 19, Colfax ; 1886, J. P. Burns, Post 3, Dayton ; 
1837, J. T. Berry, Post 2^, Chehalis ; 1888, Wm. McMicken, Post 

5, Olympia. 

MEDICAL DIRECTORS. 

1883, H. C. Bostwick, Post 6, Tacoma ; 1884, T. T. Minor, Post 
1, Seattle ; 1885, J. Kandolph Smith, Post 2, Vancouver ; 1886, N. 
G. Blalock ; 1887-88, H. C. Bostwick, Post 6, Tacoma. 

CHAPLAINS, 

1883, D. G. Le Sourd, Post 5, Olympia ; 1884-85, N. F. Bolton, 
Post 2, Vancouver ; 1886, M. M. Bane, Post 8, Spokane Falls ; 1887, 
D. P, Quinn, Post 15, Port Townsend ; 1888, T, Brouilette, Post 7, 
Toledo, 

ASSISTANT ADJUTANTS-GENERAL. 

1883, A. Slorah, Post 1, Seattle ; 1884, Thos. C. Bell, Post 2, 
Vancouver; 1885, *A. E. Alden, Post 6, Tacoma; 1886, J. T. 
Kingsbury, Post 9, Yakima ; 1887, M. D, Smith, Post 23, Cheney; 
1888, H. F. Garretson, Post 6, Tacoma. 

ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTERS-GENERAL. 

1883-84, James R. Hayden, Post 5, Olympia ; resigned ; suc- 
ceeded by James Conner ; 1885, G. G. Lyon, Post 1, Seattle ; 1886, 

* Deceased. f To Department-Commander. t To Senior Vice-Commander. 



650 Grand Army of the Republic. 

J. (). CLirk, Tost '.), Yakima; 1887, AV. (). Fowler, Tost 8, Spokane 
Falls ; 1888, J. A. C. McCoy, Post 6, Tacoma. 

INSPECTORS. 

1883-84, W. a. Latimer, Post 1, Seattle ; 1885, R. G. O'Brien, 
Post 5, Oiympia ; 1885, M. D. Smith, Post 23, Cheney ; 1887-88, 
S. F. Sahm, Post 6, Tacoma. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATES. 

1883, P. P. Carroll, Post 1, Seattle ; 1884-85, A. O. Marsh, 
Post 2, Vancouver ; 1886, S. G. Cosgrove, Post 22, Pomeroy ; 
1887-88, Richard Osborn, Post 31, Seattle. 

CHIEF MUSTERING-OFFICERS. 

1883, H. O. Simouds, Post 4, Walla-Walla ; 1884, Fred. T. Tay- 
lor, Post 6, Tacoma; 1885, P. G. Tefift, Post 4, Walla-AValla ; 
1886-87, M. M. Holmes, Post 1, Seattle ; 1888, N. L. Oakley, Post 
1, Seattle. 

COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION. 

1883— A. M. Brookes, Post 1, Seattle ; John Pieper, Post .4, 
Walla-Walla ; W. H. Roberts, Post 5, Oiympia ; J. T. Newland, 
Post 7, Chehalis ; N. F. Bolton, Post 2, Vancouver. 

1884— W. H. Roberts, re-elected; A. O. Marsh, Post 2, Van- 
couver ; J. S. Brown, Post 8, Spokane Falls ; T. F. Mahan, Post 
12, Kalama ; E, O. Ruger, Post 10, Snohomish. 

1885— Richard Osborn, Post 1, Seattle ; Wm. Peel, Post 13, 
Montesano ; G. A. Miller, Post 19, Colfax ; Charles M. Holtou, 
Post 9, Yakima ; John D. Geoghegan, Post 2, Vancouver. 

1886 — John A. Shoudy, Post 11, Ellensburg ; Louis Meyer, 
Post 2, Vancouver ; William Hipkins, Post 6, Tacoma ; L. H. 
Prather, Post 8, Spokane Falls ; A. D. Rogers, Post 5, Oiympia. 

1887— A. M. Brookes, Post 31, Seattle ; S. G. Cosgrove, Post 
22, Pomeroy ; J. S. Kaufman, Post 8, Spokane Falls ; L. E. Samp- 
son, Post 6, Tacoma ; James K. Ward, Post 9, Yakima. 

1888— A. P. Curry, Post 8, Spokane Falls ; W. A. Inman, Post 
19, Colfax ; M. M. Holmes, Post 1, Seattle ; A. Slorah, Post 26, 
Seattle ; R. G. O'Brien, Post 5, Oiympia. 



Members in Good Standing. 



(551 



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CluAND Army of the Republic. 



Posts and Members in Good Standing, 
June 30, 1888. 



Department. 



Posts. Memb'rs 



Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado. 

C'ouuecticut 

Dakota 

Delaware 

Florida 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana & Miss. (Gulf) 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

Maryland 

]Michii;an 

Minnesota; 

Missouri. 

Montana 

Nebraska 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New Mexico 

New York 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Potomac 

Rhode Island 

Tennessee and Georgia. . 

Texas 

Utah.... 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Wa.shington Territory. . . 

\Vest Virginia . • 

Wisconsin 



7 

45 

116 

62 

66 

111 

19 

10 

11 

552 

476 

362 

433 

80 

5 

150 

191 

36 

343 

165 

292 

16 

188 

88 

109 

10 

558 

654 

41 

575 

11 

21 

46 

17 

3 

100 

27 

29 

73 

234 



291 

1162 

6236 

2736 

6635 

2908 

1183 

279 

307 

30293 

23533 

17967 

17310 

3214 

205 

9346 

20687 

2074 

.21420 

8026 

14637 

550 

5960 

5001 

7296 

302 

37286 

41486 

1392 

43035 

2352 

2696 

2180 

487 

202 

4952 

1018 

1060 

2992 

11083 



Relief Disbursed During the 
Year Ending March 31st, of 



1886. 



429 90 

2,541 87 

2,087 34 

0,111 19 

860 93 

220 67 

45 50 



5,567 30 
4,129 66 
2,638 05 
6,174 34 



105 50 

3,918 58 

37,091 92 

1,723 05 

5,005 95 

2,366 87 

2,231 03 

249 10 

1,378 74 

4,298 78 

5,582 26 

177 05 

33,518 17 

10,102 64 

387 55 

30,086 10 

1,303 76 

946 08 

95 60 

43 05 

347 20 

913 37 

144 45 

369 35 I 

298 02 ' 

3,708 85 



188^ 



6332 361779 $176,259 87 
Number of iiersons relieved 16,460 



66 90 

4,521 31 

2.005 58 

9,845 07 

1,557 37 

550 91 

44 50 



11,045 39 

5,823 12 

5,036 87 

6,547 07 

107 46 

233 85 

5,135 22 

51,011 32 

1,786 84 

9,742 77 

3,908 04 

3,659 78 

590 63 

2,109 37 

4,622 36 

8,506 18 

55 35 

48,896 75 

17,006 66 

928 T9 

38,027 70 

1,765 77 

1,480 02 

255 52 

62 25 

446 45 

1,404 93 

216 80 

202 55 

578 57 

4,150 41 



1888. 

360 65 

2H9 45 

3,995 57 

1,760 74 

8,127 95 

319 39 

641 36 

170 46 

158 70 

12,752 50 

6,441 69 

4,566 85 

6,675 70 

404 46 

296 30 

5,636 18 

43,875 42 

670 40 

5,884 79 

1,998 84 

4,536 19 

656 80 

1,635 85 

3,606 52 

8,240 64 

18 15 

38,077.78 

13,131 73 

492 63 

29,240 83 

1,334 11 

2,450 66 

310 43 

175 50 

307 18 

1,162 76 

508 99 

178 05 

692 68 

4,190 32 



$253,934 43 ^215,975 19 
26.606 ' 23,810 



Total amount disbursed for relief from 1871 to March 31, 1SS8, 
$1,643,698 22. 



CHAPTER XXXIL 



THE GRAND ARMY BADGE, 




The original badge of the Grand Army of the Republic (fig. 1) 
was adopted in 1866, on the recommendation of a committee con- 
sisting of Adjutant-General Webber, A. O. 
Behm, Lafayette, Indiana, and Major O. M. 
Wilson, Indianapolis. The significance of 
the symbols will be at once recalled by all 
who were then members of the Order. 

The National Council of Administration, 
at a meeting held in the quarters of Post 1, 
Philadelphia, October 1, 1868, made a change 
in the badge 
by the addi- 
t i o n of the 
eagle and circle shown in Fig. 2 ; 
the circle to contain the insignia of 
rank, practically the same as now 
used in the miniature rank-strap 
of the ofiicial badge. 

Contracts were entered into for 
the manufacture of these badges, 
silver or gold plated or solid silver 
or gold, at prices ranging from 
forty cents to $25 each, but the 
failure of the manufacturer and 
the objections to such a variety 
of materials and prices, led Adju- 
tant-General Chipman to recom- 
mend the reference of the matter 
to a committee for the purpose of 
consulting with experts and de- 
signing another badge. 

The Council of Administration, 
after consulting with Mr, A. Dem- ^g_ 2. 

[653] 




CuA Grand Akmy of the Eepubltc. 

arest, of Ngav York, recommeiuled to tlie Special Session of the 
National Encampment in New York, October 27, 1809, the de- 
si<i;n shown in Fig. 3, which was described in circular No. 2, Head- 
quarters Washington, D. C, February 18, 1870, as follows : 

DESCRIPTION OF THE BADGE. 

The badge is of bronze, made from cannon captured in different decisive battles 
during the late rebellion, and in form a five-pointed star, similar in design to the two 
hundred medals of honor authorized by act of Congress to be given to soldiers 
and sailors most distinguished for meritorious and gallant conduct during the late 
war. 

The design, as hero given, and adopted by the Grand Army of the Republic, was 
arranged by General F. A. Starring, Inspector- General of the Order. 

THE OBVERSE. 

In the centre of the badge is the figure of the Goddess of Liberty, representing 
Loyalty; on either side a soldier and a sailor clasping hands, representing Fra- 
TERNiTY, and two children receiving benediction and assurance of protection from 
the comrades, representing Charity. On each side of the group is the National 
Flag and the Eagle, representing Freedom, and the Axe or Bundle of Rods, or Fas- 
ces, representing Union. In each point of the star is the insignia of the various arms 
of the service, viz.: the Bufjle for Infantry, Cross Cannon for Artillery, Cross Muskets 
for the Marine, Cross Sicords for Cavalry, and the Anchor for Sailors. Over the cen- 
tral group are the words, " Grand Army of the Republic," and under, the word and 
figures, " 1861 — Veteran — 1866," commemorating the commencement and close of the 
rebellion, and also the date of organization of the Order. 

THE reverse side 

Represents a Branch of Laurel — the crown and reward of the brave— in each point 
of the star. The National Shield in the centre, surrounded by the twenty-four rec- 
ognized Corps' Badges, numerieally arranged, each on a keystone, and all linked 
together, showing they are united, and will guard and protect the Shield of the Na- 
tion. Around the centre is a circle of stars, representing tlie States of the Union and 
the Dei)artments composing the Grand Army of the Republic. 

the CLA8P 

Is compo.sed of the figure of an Eagle, witli Cross Cannon and Ammunition, repre- 
senting Defence; tlie Eagle with drawn sword hovering over and always ready to 
protect from insult or dishonor the National Flag, which is also the Emblem and 
Ribbon of the Order. 

By reference to Figs. 3 and 4, it will be seen that the eagle on 
the (rrand Army Badge is a fdc-simile of the eagle on the " Medal 
of Hoiioi- " oidcird by Congress to be presented for individual 
acts of bravery. The star is so nearly identical that one may be 
reiulily taken iov the other. 



The Grand Army Badge. 



655 





Fig. a 



Fiff. 4. 



Under Commander-in-Cliief Earnshaw, a change was made in 
tlie form of the eagle and also in the shape of the star, to make 
the latter more symmetrical, and Figure 5 shows the membership 
badge as thus altered. 

At the Seventh Annual Session, the Department of Massa- 
chusetts recommended the aiioption of a badge for officers of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. 

Comrades A. B. Underwood, Massachusetts ; Charles Burrows, 
New Jersey and C. A. Wells, New York, were apjDointed a com- 
mittee to consider the same, and they recommended its adoption : 



The official badge to consist of a miniature strap and plain ribbon, to which shall 
be pendant the bronze star of the membership badge; that tliis strap be one and one- 
half inches in length, one-half inch in width, enamelled, with a border one-sixteenth 
of an inch in width, of gold or gilt, and on it the insignia of official position in the 
Grand Army of the Republic, making use of the familiar star, eagle, leaf and bar of 
the old service, substantially as determined and recommended for official badges, by 



Bf^C) 



Grand Ar^fy of the Republic. 



the National Council of Administration, and 
announced in Circular No. 6, Headquarters 
Grand Army of the Republic, January 4, 1869; 
except that for Aids-de-Camp to the Command- 
er in-Chief be substituted a silver eagle, and 
for Aids-de-Camp to Department Commanders 
a silver leaf; for the words " Grand Command- 
er "be read " Department Commander;" that 
the tield in enamel be, for National and De- 
partment officers, black; for Post officers, dark 
blue. 

That the ribbon be one and one-half inches 
in length in the clear, and one and one-fourth 
inches in width; and in color, for National 
officers, buff, for Department officers, red (cher- 
ry), and for Post officers, light blue. 

That this badge be worn conspicuously on 
the left breast of the coat. 

That, to distinguish the different Depart- 
ments, a miniature shield in gold or gilt, with 
the coat of arms of the State, may be worn 
pendant to the strap. 

If this Encampment decides that the badge 
may be worn by past officers, your committee 
recommend the Encampment to prescribe that 
such officers wear the strap of the official badge 
proper for their jwsition in the Grand Army 
of the Pepublic, with a clasp upon their proper ribbon, beneath the bronze eagle of 
the membership badge, to which the whole shall be pendant. 




The recommendation was adopted (fig. fi). At the next meet- 
ing, in 1874, a badge for past officers was adopted (fig. 7). 

The cuts here given (Figs. 6 and 7) show the official badges as 
amended by the Encampment at St. Louis, incorporating the flag 
of the membership badge upon the official ribbon. 

Another change was made in the* badge by the Encampment 
at San Francisco, 1886, by adding the corps' marks of Sheridan's 
and Wilson's Cavalry Corps, and of Hancock's First Veteran 
Corps, in the points of the star on the reverse, and the camp-fire 
device on the clasp (fig. 8). 

The badge, as tlius changed, has been duly patented for the 
use of the Grand Army of the Republic. 



Upon motion of Comrade Chill W. Ha/zard, Pennsylvania, 
at Minneapolis, 1884, the Council of Administration Avas di- 
rected to adopt a design for a button to be worn by members 



The Grand Army Badge. 



657 





Fig. 6. 



Fit 



on tlie left lapel of the coat. The design in Fig. 9 Avas formally 
adopted by the Council, and later approved by the National 
Encampment. 

For several years prior to 1884, the metal used in the manufac- 
ture of these badges was obtained from guns purchased of various 
societies to whom they had been donated by Congress for monu- 
mental purposes ; since then captured cannon have been used, 
which were purchased direct from the Government, and selected 
from guns stored at Governor's Island. 

These guns were made by Noble Brothers, Rome, Georgia ; 
Quimby & Bobinson, Memphis ; John Clark, New Orleans, and 
A. B. R. Bros., Vicksburg. Three are presumably of English 
make, being better finished and free from iron or lead. 

To prepare this metal for the manufacture of badges, the gun 
is first adjusted in a lathe and cut into sections, these pieces are 
43 



658 



GuAND Army of the Eepublic. 




Fiff. 8. 



melted and cast into small pigs, and 
a":ain re-melted and refined to re- 
move iron or lead, the presence of 
which is a source of much trouble. 
Twenty per cent, of copper and zinc 
is then added to reduce the hazard 
of breakage in the subsequent op- 
erations. The rough form of the 
star is again cast in sand, this blank 
freed from sand is again annealed 
and the fire coating removed by acid 
baths. The pieces are then thor- 
oughly rinsed to remove all traces 
of the acids, which would otherwise 
speedily destroy the dies. 

The piece is then placed between 
steel dies and subjected to an enor- 
mous pressure, equal to about 200 
tons, on a press especially designed 
and made for this work. This must 
be repeated four or five times, the 
piece being annealed and cleaned 
The edges, 





after each operation, 
which have expanded under the heavy 
blows, are trimmed by machinery and 
the piece is again placed in the press 
to bring all parts of the design into ^^j^ g 

relief. The outline is then perfected 

by special machinery, the edges are filed by hand, the swivels 
inserted, the star numbered, and the initial of the Commander- 
in-Chief for that term added. The badge is then ready for the 
final finish by a special process, adapted to the quality of metal 
in each gun. The eagle is sul)jected to the same general process, 
but requiring, of course, much less pressure in stamping. 




Group ov Nationai, Puesidents (Women's IIelikf Corps). 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 

AUXILIARY AND OTHER SOCIETIES. 

WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS, LADIES OF THE G. A. R., SONS OF VET- 
ERANS, UNION VETERANS LEGION, UNION VETERANS UNION, 
VETERANS' RIGHTS UNION. 




WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS. 

The first organization of ladies for active 
co-operation with the Grand Army of the Re- 
public was formed at Portland, Maine, in 1869, 
under the title of Bosworth Relief Corps, aux- 
iliary to Bosworth Post of that city. This Corps 
is still actively engaged in the good work volun- 
tarily assumed nearly twenty years ago, and may 
be justly praised for the highly honorable posi- 
tion it has maintained among the many similar 
societies since formed, and which have so greatly 
aided the Grand Army in the relief of un- 
fortunate and needy comrades and their fam- 
ilies. 

The first State organization of these societies 
was perfected at Fitchburg, Massachusetts, in April, 1879, under 
the title Woman's Relief Corps. 

ProjDositions had been made in the National Encampment 
at various times prior to that year to encourage the formation of 
these societies, but nothing practical was done by that body to 
carry out any such suggestions until in 1881, when the Chaplain- 
in-Chief, Rev. Jos. F. Lovering, urged upon the National En- 
campment the duty of giving them official recognition. A resolu- 
tion approving the work of the Woman's Relief Corps was then 
adopted, and they were also authorized to add to their title, 
"Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic." Chaplain Lov- 
ering was instructed to correspond with these societies and en- 
courage them in their work. 

[659J 



Badge. 



liliU 



Grand Army of the Eepublic. 




■Ns'l 



Mrs. Charity Rusk Craig. 



NATIONAL ORGANIZATION. 

In 1883, Commander-in-Chief 
Paul Van Der Voort invited all 
existing Ladies' Auxiliaries to 
send representatives to Denver, 
Colorado, at the time of the as- 
sembling there of the National 
Encampment, to consult rela- 
tive to a union of all these so- 
cieties. Accordingly such a 
meeting was held in Denver, 
July 25, 1883. Mrs. E. Florence 
Barker, President of the Wom- 
an's Relief Corps of Massachu- 
setts, presided, and Mrs. Kate B. 
Sherwood, of Forsyth Post Be- 
lief Corps, Toledo, acted as 
Secretary. 
There was no question among the ladies j^resent as to the ne- 
cessity for and advisability of establishing a National organiza- 
tion, but a number were opposed to the eligibility clause of the 
Woman's Belief Corps of Massachusetts, and advocated the re- 
striction of membership exclusively to the kindred of Union sol- 
diers and sailors. 

The Massachusetts plan, as it was called, was to enlist the 
services of all loyal women, whether of kin to the veterans or 
not, and this plan was adopted. The ladies representing New 
Jersey declined joining on this basis, and maintained their oavii or- 
ganization, the Ladies Loyal League, now Ladies of the G. A. B. 

The work thus accomplished at Denver was heartily received 
by the National Encampment, and the following was adopted 
by it: 

Jte«olTcd, Tliat wc c-onlially liail the organizati'ui of tlie Woman's llelicf Corps 
and extend o\ir f^reetinj,' to them. We return our warmest tliimks to the loyal 
women of the land for their earnest work, support and encouragement, and bid them 
God speed in their patriotic work. • 

The plan of organization of the Grand Army was generally 
followed in constituting the Woman's Belief Corps. Local asso- 
ciations to be called ('or])s ; State associations to be called De- 
partments; tlio National orgaiii/atioii to Ik; known us the National 



WoMANs' Belief Corps. 



661 




Convention, Woman's Belief 
Corps, Auxiliary to the Grand 
Army of the Bepublic. (0^^ ^C ' ^^ 

The objects of the associa- m^Mii^ '^^ 

tion are : 

To specially aid and assist the 
Grand Army of the Republic and to 
perpetuate the memory of their heroic (^ 

dead. To assist such Union veterans 
as need our help and protection, and 
to extend needful aid to their widows 
and orphans. To find them homes 
and employment, and assure them of 
sympathy and friends. To cherish 

and emulate the deeds of our army ^ ^ ^^'^'-'W'^»"''^'"1^^P^^^^ 

nurses, and of all loyal' women who ,^v- ^,ik'^Jfl ' ^■^_^s#'"''"' 

rendered loving service to their coun- ' '•c^f',?'-'-^ 

try in her hour of peril. To incul- Mrs. L. A. Turner. 

cate lessons of patriotism and love 

of country among our children, and in the communities in which we live. To 
maintain true allegiance to the United States of America. To discountenance what- 
ever tends to weaken loyalty and to encourage the spread of universal liberty and 
equal rights to all men. 

The following table will show at a glance the growth of the 
organization in this short period : 

Corps. Members. Expended for Relief. 

JuneSO, 1884 155 10,085 $1,154.47 

March 31, 1885 334 17,854 13,538.97 

June 30, 1886 1,053 36,633 33.481.83 

June 30, 1887 , 1,358 49 590 56,106.18 

June 30, 1888 1,717 63,214 73,389.33 

Bemaining in the general funds of the Corps, June 30, 1888, 
$54,725.20, and in the Relief Funds, $46,427.71 — a total of 
$101,152.91. The number of persons assisted during the year 
ending June 30, 1888, was 19,776. Total amount expended in re- 
lief, from July, 1883, to June, 1888, $167,470.77. 

The above is certainly a magnificent showing of the executive 
ability of the ladies of the Belief Corps in organization. The 
moneys exj)ended for relief were either contributed directly to the 
relief funds of Posts, or were personally disbursed l)y members or 
committees of the Woman's Belief Corps on visits to families of 
veterans. Large as is the amount thus expended for relief, it 
does not fully show the worth of this auxiliary to the Grand Army 
of the Bepublic. 



662 Grand Army of the Republic. 

Tlie cheering visits to tlie homes of the afflicted, the hours 
spent l)Tthe bedside of sick and dying veterans by members of the 
"Woman's Relief Corps, cannot be adequately measured by any 
money standard, nor can a full appreciation of their loving work 
on behalf of suffering humanity be properly expressed in words. 

MEETINGS OF THE NATIONAL CONVENTION. 

I. July 25, 1883, Denver, Colorado ; 11. July 22, 1884, Minne- 
apolis, Minnesota ; III. June 24, 1885, Portland, Maine ; IV. 
August 4, 188G, San Francisco, California ; Y. September 28, 
1885, St. Louis, Missouri ; YI. September 12, 1888, Columbus, 
Ohio. 

NATIONAL PRESIDENTS. 

1883, Mrs. E. Florence Barker, Maiden, Massachusetts ; 1884, 
Mrs. Kate B. Sherwood, Toledo, Ohio ; 1885, Mrs. Sarah E. Ful- 
ler, East Boston, Massachusetts ; 1886, Mrs. Elizabeth D'Arcy 
Kinue, San Francisco, California ; 1887, Mrs. Emma Stark Hamp- 
ton, Detroit, Michigan ; 1888, Mrs. Charity Busk Craig, Yiroqua, 
"Wisconsin. 

NATIONAL SENIOR VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

1883, *Mrs. Kate B. Sherwood ; 1884, *Mrs. Sarah E. Fuller ; 
1885, *Mrs. E. D'A. Kinne ; 1886, Mrs. Sarah C. Nichols, Auburn, 
New York ; 1887, Mrs. Cora Day Young, Toledo, Ohio ; 1888, 
Mrs. Abbie Lynch, Allegheny, Pennsylvania. 

NATIONAL JUNIOR VICE-PRESIDENTS. 

1883, Mrs. E. K. Stimson, Denver, Colorado; 1884, fMrs. Lizzie 
Anderson, Topeka, Kansas ; 1885, Mrs. Adaline P. Kent, Ports- 
mouth, New Hampshire ; 1886, Mrs. Mary E. Starkweather, St. 
Paul, Minnesota ; 1887, Mrs. Mary J. Ingraham, AVoodbridge, 
New Jersey ; 1888, Mrs. Inzetta A. Small, Lewiston, Maine. 

NATIONAL SECRETARIES. 

1883, Mrs. Sarah E. Fuller, East Boston, Massachusetts ; 1884, 
Miss Emma D. Sibley, Toledo, Ohio; 1885, Mrs. Eleanor B. 
AVheeler, South Boston, Massachusetts ; 1886, Mrs. Nellie G. 



* To National President. t Deceased. 



Woman's Relief Corps. 663 

Backus, San Francisco ; 1887, Mrs. Armilla A. Clieney, Detroit, 
Michigan ; 1888, Mrs. Hettie M. Nichols, Viroqua, Wisconsin. 

NATIONAL TREASURER. 

1883-88, Mrs. Lizabeth A. Turner, Boston, Massachusetts. 

NATIONAL CHAPLAINS. 

1883, Mrs. Mattie B. Moulton, Laconia, New Hampshire ; 
1884-85, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; 

1886, Miss Mary Garard, Clinton, Iowa ; 1887, Mrs. Mary Garard 
Andrews, Omaha, Nebraska ; 1888, Mrs. E. Kate Jones, Ilion, 
New York. 

NATIONAL INSPECTORS. 

1883, Mrs. Emily Gardner, Denver, Colorado ; 1884, Mrs. Sarah 
C. Nichols, Auburn, New York ; 1885, Mrs. Deborah G. King, 
Lincoln, Nebraska; 1886, Mrs. Louise-H. Brown, Olathe, Kansas; 

1887, Mrs. Loretta J. Gorsuch, South Bend, Indiana ; 1888, Mrs. 
Olive Hogle, Denver, Colorado. 

NATIONAL CONDUCTOR. 

1884, Mrs. Maggie J. Sias, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 

GUARDS. 

1883, Mrs. J. W. Beatson, Rockford, Illinois ; 1884, Mrs. Jen- 
nie E. G. Maish, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 

NATIONAL COUNSELORS. 

1885, Mrs. Emma Sibley Pease, Toledo, Ohio ; Mrs. Eleanor 
B. Wheeler, Boston Massachusetts ; 1886, Mrs. B. Jane Russell, 
Oakland California ; 1887, Mrs. Kate B. Sherwood, Toledo, Ohio ; 

1888, Mrs. Emma Stark Hampton, Detroit, Michigan. 

NATIONAL INSTITUTING AND INSTALLING OFFICERS. 

1884, Mrs. Lois W. S. Holbrook, Toledo, Ohio ; 1885, Mrs. 
Elizabeth C. Keifer, Waterbury, Connecticut ; 1886, Mrs. Henri- 
etta Stiesmeier, St. Louis, Missouri ; 1887, Mrs. Sarah C. Nichols, 
Auburn, New York ; 1888, Mrs. Mattie B. Moulton, Laconia, New 
Hampshire. 



<i64 C!rand Army of the Kepublic. 



NATIONAL COUNCIL. 



1885 — Mrs. E. Florence Barker and Mrs. Kate B. Sherwood, 
Past National Presidents, Life Members ; Mrs. Lizzie Anderson, 
Topidva, Kansas; Mrs. Sarah C Nichols, Anbnrn, New York; 
Mrs. Frances B. Martin, New Haveji, Connecticut. 

18815— Mrs. E. Florence Barker, Mrs. Kate B. Sherwood, Mrs. 
Sarah E. Fuller, Past National President, and ]\[rs. Annie Witten- 
mjer. Past National Chaplain, Life Members ; Mrs. Gertie 
Rogers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 

1887— Mrs. E. D'A. Kiune, San Francisco ; *Mrs. Charity R. 
Craig ; Mrs. Clara E. Nichols, Des Moines, Iowa ; Mrs. Margaret 
R. AVickins, Sabetha, Kansas ; Mrs. Julia G. Sine, Rockford, 
Illinois, by election. 

18S8— Mrs. E. 33'A. Kinne, re-elected ; Mrs. Lydia S. Morrison, 
Cincinnati, Ohio ; Mrs. Mary S. McHenry, Denison, Iowa ; Mrs. 
Sarah A. C. Plummer, Lansing, Michigan ; Mrs. Sarah J. Martin, 
Brookfield, Missouri, by election. 

Mrs. Kate B. Sherwood, resigned in 1887 as a Life Member of 
the National Council. The five members of the Council by elec- 
tion constitute the Executive Board. 

DEPARTMENTS AND DEPARTMENT PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY, 1888. 

California — President, Mrs. Lizzie D. Waterman ; Secretary, 
Mrs. Jennie L. Southworth, Stockton. 

Colorado — President, Mrs. Augusta 1>. Henderson ; Secretary, 
Mrs. Libbie Kent Daniels, Denver. 

Connecticut — President, Mrs. Harriet S. Durfee ; Secretary, 
Mrs. Augusta B. Hammond, Rockville. 

Daliota — President, Mrs. Sarah E. B. Smith ; Secretary, INlrs. 
Mary J. Winship, Grand Forks. 

Illinois — President, Mrs. Sarah M. Bradford, Augusta ; Secre- 
tary, Miss Josephine P. Cleveland, Springfield. 

fiidiana — President, Mrs. Agnes Hitt ; Secretary, INfrs. Flora 
W ulschner, Indianapolis. 

Iowa — President, INFrs. Myra E. Haukey, Brooklyn ; Secretary, 
^Iis. Eiiiuia Pi. Buchanan, \ ictor. 



* To National President. 



Woman's Relief Cokps. 665' 

Kansas — President, Mrs. Ella Powell ; Secretary, Mrs. Jennie 
E. Besack, Washington. 

Kentucky — President, Mrs. Carrie L. Davis ; Secretary, Mrs. 
Bettie Chisholm, Maysville. 

Blaine — President, Mrs. Inzetta A. Small ; Secretary, Mrs. 
Sarah G. Irving, Lewiston. 

Manjland — President, Mrs. Mary E. Wright ; Secretary, Mrs. 
Clara A. Alford, Baltimore. 

Massachusetts — President, Mrs. Emma B. Lowd, Salem ; Secre- 
tary, Mrs. Mary E. Elliott, Somerville. 

31icMgan — President, Mrs. Louise A. Bobbins ; Secretary, Mrs. 
Susette R. Wilcox, Adrian. 

Minnesota — President, Mrs. Sarah E. Milham, St. Paul ; Secre- 
tary, Mrs. Mary H. Kendall, Minneapolis. 

Missouri — President, Mrs. Rose L. Kimball ; Secretary, Mrs. 
Alice L. Hancock, Nevada. 

Nebraska — President, Mrs. Emma Manchester ; Secretary, Mrs. 
Helen E. Cook, Lincoln. 

Neio Hampshire — President, Mrs. Nancy W. Moore ; Secretary, 
Mrs. Kate M. Thayer, Nashua. 

Neiv Jersey — President, Mrs. Mary G. Lanning ; Secretary, Mrs. 
Amanda J. Covert, Trenton. 

Neiv York — President, Mrs. Sarah C. Mink ; Secretary, Mrs. 
Emma J. Carpenter, Syracuse. 

Ohio — President, Mrs. Mary E. Bancroft ; Secretary, Miss Ella 
C. Burr, Columbus. 

Oregon — President, Mrs. Sarah E. Miller ; Secretary, Mrs. 
Mary H. Ellis, Forest Grove. 

Pennsylvania — President, Mrs. Jennie M. Reavley ; Secretary, 
Mrs. Kate E. Luckenbill, Erie. 

Rhode Islaiul — President, Mrs. Sarah C. Mason ; Secretary, 
Mrs. Cherry M. Hibbert, Pawtucket, 

Vermont — President, Mrs. Lenora W. Howe ; Secretary, Mrs. A. 
Louise Putnam, Brattleboro'. 



666 



Grand Army of the Republic. 



Wisconsin — President, Mrs. Caroline H. Bell ; Secretary, Miss 
Adah C. Way, Milwaukee. 

Wdshiiujton Territory — President, Mrs. Helen Burke ; Secretary, 
Mrs. Lizzie 11. Herrick, Seattle. 

PROVISIONAL. 

Neic 3fexico — President, Mrs. Maggie Munroe Rudisille, White 
Oaks. 



LADIES OF THE G. A. R. 
(Formerly Loyal Ladies' League.) 

Pursuant to a request issued in General 
Orders by Department (Commander Chas. 
Houghton, of New Jersey, representatives 
from the various Grand Army of the Repub- 
lic Aid Societies in that State, met at Tren- 
ton, December 15, 1881, and formed a State 
organization. 

This union of these aids was suggested 
that uniformity of management and a more 
thorough copartnership in all work tending 
to benefit the Grand Army of the Republic 
could be acquired. The name adopted by the 
society then formed was the Loyal Ladies' 
League, Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the 

Republic, Department of New Jersey. 

A charter, badge, rules, etc., were adopted, and the new Order 

began its work with eight subordinate branches or leagues. Mrs. 

Carrie M. ]jurge, of Yineland, was the first President. 

The objects of the Loyal Ladies' League, as set forth in its 

Rules, are : 

To unite with Loyalty— love for each other, to practice the precepts of true Fra- 
ternity of feelint^ towards all sisters of our Order, tluis emulatini; the spirit which 
iniites our father, iiusband and brothers; to hoix.r tiic uieinnry of those fallen, to 
Jjcrpeluate and keep forever sacred " Memorial Day." 




Badge. 



Ladies of the G. A. E. G67 

To assist the Grand Army of the Republic in its high and lioly mission, aid, en- 
courage and sympathize with them in their noble work of Charity; to extend needful 
aid to members in sickness and distress; to aid sick soldiers, sailors and marines; to 
do all in our power to alleviate suffering. 

Eligibility to membership requires the applicant to be of good 
moral character and the mother, wife, sister or daughter of an 
honorably discharged soldier, sailor or marine who served in the 
late rebellion. 

In 1883, the first League was formed in Pennsylvania ; in July 
of the same year, in compliance with a call issued by Commander- 
in-Chief Yan Der Voort, two delegates were sent to Denver, Col- 
orado, for the purpose of meeting in convention delegates from 
various other societies throughout the country, the design being 
to form a national organization, auxiliary to the Grand Army of 
the Republic. The delegates from New Jersey, Mrs. S. D. Hugg 
and Mrs. Laura McNeir, were opposed to the proposition of 
making all loyal women eligible to membership, and on its subse- 
quent adoption declined to become part of the Woman's Relief 
Corps. They proposed to restrict membership to the immediate 
relatives of veterans. The State convention endorsed their action, 
and New Jersey remained an independent Department. 

On November 18, 1886, a convention was held in Chicago, 
Illinois, by delegates from the various subordinate Leagues in 
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Kansas, California, Ohio, Delaware 
and West Virginia. Mrs. A. E. Grubb, of Camden, New Jersey, 
presided. A consolidation was effected with an organization in 
Illinois known as "Ladies of the G. A. R." That name was 
adopted, and with a few changes in the rules, the National Order, 
Ladies of the G. A. R., was there organized, and Mrs. Laura Mc- 
Neir, Camden, New Jersey, was elected National President. 

The membership numbers about 2,000, in Departments in 
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Kansas, California and Illinois, and 
Provisional Departments in Ohio, Delaware and West Virginia. 

The second convention of the National Department, Ladies of 
the G. A. R., was held in Columbus, September 12, 1888, when 
the following officers were elected : 

National President, Mrs. Laura Sawyer, Allegheny, Pennsyl- 
vania ; National Senior Vice-President, Mrs. Ella C. Smedley, San 
Francisco, California; National Junior Vice-Commander, Mrs. 
Anna E. Grubb, Camden, New Jersey ; Secretary, Mrs. Chas, 



6fi8 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

Gerwig, Allegheny, Pennsylvania ; Chaplain, Mrs. Emma Douglas, 
l>ratl(lock, Peuusylvauia; National Counselor, Mrs. Laura McjSeir, 
Camden, New Jersey ; National Council of Administration — Mrs. 
Julia M. Johnson, Altoona, Pennsylvania ; Mrs. Mary Houck, 
Heading, Pennsylvania ; Mrs. Abbie Hollopeter, San Francisco. 

The officers governing State Departments are (1888) : 

Neiv Jersey — President, Mrs. D. J. Bateman, Cedarville ; Sec- 
retary, Mrs. Anna E. Grubl), Camden. 

Pennsylvania — President, Mrs. M. E. Weistling, Harrisburg ; 
Secretary, Mrs. Julia M. Johnson, Altoona. 

Kansas — President, Mrs. M. O. Cartledge ; Secretary, Miss 
AVade, Topeka. 

California — President, Mrs. Ella C. Smedley ; Secretary, Mrs. 
Ella Sarah Metcalf, San Francisco. 

Illinois — President, Mrs. Edward Koly ; Secretary, Mrs. Jas. 
Hubbard, Chicago. 

Ohio and West Virginia are Provisional Departments under 
the jurisdiction of Pennsylvania, and Delaware under New 
Jersey. 

The most important points specified by the Convention for 
the attention of its members are : 

First, to secure, if practicable, the passage of a bill in Con- 
gress (H. R. 7,765) providing for the partial support at their own 
homes of inmates of the National Homes. This measure would 
give these disabled veterans the privilege of resting on furlough 
and under partial pay for their maintenance, among tlieir kindred 
and friends, and would open an avenue of relief to many veterans 
obliged to take shelter in ;ilmsliouses, because of the overcrowd- 
ing of the present Homes. The bill for this 'purpose was pre- 
sented in Congress by Comrade Hon. Thomas M. Bayne, of 
Pittsburgh. 

The second ])roposition is intended to secure to the officers 
and inmates of the National Home near Hampton, Virginia, the 
right of suffrage, of which they are now d(;])rived, the Home being 
located on ground ceded by Virginia to the United States. 



Sons of Yeterans. 



069 



THE SONS OF VETERANS OF THE UNITED STATES 

OF AMERICA. 



Fl L I r VETERA NO RUM 




Badge. 



An orgauization of sons of Union sol- 
diers and sailors was formed in the city 
of Pliiladelpliia in the year 1878. The 
records of Anna M. Ross Post No. 94, 
G. A. R., Philadeli3hia, dated" August 27th, 
1878, show that on motion of Comrade 
James P. Holt, a committee of five was 
appointed to devise means of forming a 
G. A. R. Cadet Corps, to be attached to 
that Post. Committee, Comrades Levi W. 
Shengle, Carl Frederic, James P. Holt, 
Chas. Weiss and Wm. H. Morgan. 

On September 17th following, the com- 
mittee submitted a plan for organization 
which was adopted by the Post, and on 
October 15th the constitution was reported 
and the committee instructed to receive 
applications for membership. 

On September 29th, Anna M. Ross 
Camp No. 1, of Philadelphia, Order of Sons of Veterans, was for- 
mally organized. Shortly after this a Cadet Corps was formed in 
connection with Post No. 51, Philadelphia. Other Posts in Phil- 
adelphia and through the State followed the example of the Posts 
above named in the organization of Cadet Corps. 

In July, 1880, a Division organization was completed and 
Conrad Linder elected Colonel, which position he held until July 
1882, when Jas. H. Classon was elected to succeed him. The 
Order spread into the States of New York, New Jersey and Dela- 
ware in 1881, and during that year a National organization was 
formed and Alfred Cope elected Commander, 

Major A. P. Davis of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on November 
12, 1881, formed an organization in that city, under the title of 
Sons of Veterans of the United States of America, and prepared 
for it a Constitution, Rules and Regulations and Ritual, pro- 
viding for local and State associations and a National organiza- 
tion. 

Dissensions had arisen among the members of the Pennsyl- 
vania Division above noted, and in 1883, thirty-three of its 



r,70 



Grand Army of the Kepublic. 




COAT OF ARMS. 



Camps Avithdrew from the par- 
ent orgaiiizatiou aud joined 
that founded by Major Davis. 

This left l)ut three Camps 
of the orifjjinal Order, but the 
National Division remained in- 
tact and Commander Cope 
created a Provisional Division 
in Pennsylvania, with L. M. 
Wagner as Provisional Col- 
onel. A permanent organiza- 
tion for Pennsylvania was ef- 
fected on February 22, 1882, and what remained of the original 
Order continued in existence until August, 1886, Avhen a consol- 
idation took place with the Sons of Veterans, U. 8. A. 

The Order has grown rapidly, and now numbers nearly sixty 
thousand members, in thirty-one States and five Territories. It 
has gathered within its folds the most prominent of the rising 
young Americans in the land. 

The principles and objects of the Sons of Veterans, as stated 
in their organic law, are as follows : 

PRINCIPLES. 

A firm belief and trust in Almiglity God, and a realization that under His benefi- 
cent guidance the free institutions of our land,— consecrated by the services and 
blood of our fathers, have been preserved ; and the integrity and life of the Nation 
maintained. 

True allegiance to the Government of the United States of America, based upon 
a respect for, and devotion and fidelity to, its Constitution and Laws, manifested by 
the discountenancing of anything that may tend to weaken loyalty, incite to insur- 
rection, treason or rebellion, or in any manner impair tlie elliciency and permanency 
of our National Union. 



OBJECTS. 

To keep green the memories of our fathers and their sacrifices for the mainte- 
nance of the Union. 

To aid the members of the Grand Army of the Hepublie in caring for their help- 
less and disabled veterans ; to extend aid and protection to the widows and orphans; 
to perpetuate the memory and history of their heroic dead, and the proper observ- 
ance of Memorial Day. 

To aid and a.-sist worthy and needy members of the Order. 

To ineulcate patriotism and love of coimtry, not ahme among our membership, 
but among all the people of our land, and to spread and sustain the doctrine of equal 
rights, universal liberty and justice to all. 



J 




Sons of Yetekans. (571 

membekship. 

Applicants for membership must be not less than eighteen 
years of age, their fathers must have been deceased or honor- 
ably discharged Union soldiers or sailors, or they must be sons 
of members of this organization, for it is believed that its Prin- 
ciples and Objects are worthy of perpetuation through the rising 
generations. 

A MILITARY ORDER. 

The Order is formed as follows : 1st. Local Organizations, 
known as Camps ; 2d. State Organizations, known as Divisions ; 
3d. The National Organization, known as the Commandery-in- 
Chief. 

The Order is military in its character and ceremonial work, 
and is officered in accordance with army regulations. Camps 
maintain the same order and work as companies. Divisions corre- 
spond to regiments, and the Commandery-in-Chief to the army. 

The Captain, First and Second Lieutenants are elected by 
ballot. The Captain appoints his Staff as follows : First Ser- 
geant, Quartermaster-Sergeant, Chaplain, Color-Sergeant, Ser- 
geant of the Guard, Corporal of the Guard, Musician, Camp 
Guard and Picket Guard. Divisions are officered as a regiment, 
the Commandery-in-Chief as an army. 

The Captain presides at the meetings of the Camp, and in his 
absence the First and Second Lieutenants take his place in the 
order of their rank. The Chaplain's duties are indicated by his 
title. The First Sergeant keejDS the records of the Camp and 
makes a quarterly report to Division Headquarters through the 
Captain. The Quartermaster-Sergeant keeps the funds of the 
Camp and also makes a quarterly report to the Division Head- 
quarters through his Captain. 

Camps are organized in strict company formation, each officer 
discharging his duties in the same manner and form as he would 
were he regularly enlisted. 

Many of the Colonels command from five to eight thousand 
men. Captains command from fifty to sixty men, with their Lieu- 
tenants, Sergeants and Corporals. 

The Twenty-second National Encampment of the Grand Army 
of the Republic, held at Columbus, Ohio, passed the following 
resolution : 



672 Grand Akmy of the Republtc. 

Revolted, That this Encampment endorse the objects and purposes of the Order of 
the Sons of Veterans, U. S. A., and hereby give to the Order the oflicial recognition 
of the Orand Army of the Republic, and recommend that it aid and encourage the 
institution of Camps of the Sons of Veterans, U. S. A. 

A committee of the Grand Army has been appointed by the 
Commander-in-Chief to inspect the workings of the Sons, of Vet- 
erans, and report to the National Encampment a phxn defining 
the relations between the two bodies. 

The first Commander-in-Chief after the Provisional National 
Organization was Harry E. liowley, of Pittsbnrgh, Pennsjdvauia, 
followed, respectively, by Frank P. Merrill, of Maine, H. W. Ar- 
nold, of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Walter S. Payne, of Fostoria, 
Ohio (two terms), and G. B. Abbott, of Chicago, Illinois (two 
terms). 

The National Officers for the current official year (1888) are : 

G. B. Abbott, Commander-in-Chief, Chicago, Illinois ; E. H. 
Milham, Lieutenant-General, St. Paul, Minnesota ; John H. Hink- 
lej, Major-General, Beverly, Massacliust^tts ; Harry M. Ilussell, 
Chief of Staff, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Will F. Jenkins, Ad- 
jntant-(ieueral, Chicago, Illinois ; C. J. Post, Quartertnaster-Geu- 
eral, Chicago, Illinois ; M. E. Hall, Inspector-General, Hillsdale, 
Michigan ; J. B. iNIaccabe, Chief Mustering Officer, Boston, Mas- 
sachusetts ; A. M. Appleget, Judge-Advocate-General, Tecumseh, 
Nebraska ; J. A. Averdick, Surgeon-General, Covington, Ken- 
tucky ; Rev. F. M. Gee, Chaplain-iu-Chief, Fowler, Indiana. 
Council-in-Chief— Rudolph Loebenstein, Warrensburg, Missouri ; 
C. T. Orner, Bloomington, Illinois ; G. B. Smith, Hartford, Con- 
necticut ; Wm. E. Bundy, Wellston, Ohio ; C. B. Cooke, Arling- 
ton, Dakota. 

ROSTER OF THE DIVISIONS, 1888-89. 

CftJifornid — Ed. C. Robinson, Colonel Commanding ; Fred. V. 
Wood, Adjutant, Oakland. 

Colorado — F. C. McArthur, Colonel Commanding ; E. A. Came, 
Adjtitant, Denver. 

Connecticut — C. K. Farnham, Colonel Coninianding ; G. Fred. 
Farnham, Adjutant, New Haven. 

J><th)t(i — C. C. Bras, Colonel Commanding ; AV. A. Bell, Adju- 
tant, Mt. Vernon. 



Sons of Veterans. G73 

Florida — J. W. V. R. Plummer, Colonel Commanding, Key 
West. 

Illinois — F. McCrillis, Colonel Commanding ; H. A. Swazj, 
Adjutant, Chicago. 

loiua — Cato Sells, Colonel Commanding ; G. L, Goodale, Adju- 
tant, La Porte City. 

Indiana — E. S. Walker, Colonel Commanding ; Jesse A. Swish- 
er, Adjutant, West Lebanon. 

Kansas — Clay D. Herod, Colonel Commanding ; Clyde E. Lim- 
bocker, Adjutant, Erie. 

KentiK^.ky — Nathan M. Pell, Colonel Commanding ; C. E. Cur- 
rie. Adjutant, Louisville. 

Maine — Waldo H. Perry, Colonel Commanding ; E. E. Phil- 
brook, Adjutant, Portland. 

Maryland — Sherman J. Brown, Colonel Commanding ; F. B. 
Wilson, Jr., Adjutant, Washington. 

Massachusetts — N. C. Upham, Colonel Commanding ; Chas. K. 
Darling, Adjutant, Fitchburg. 

Michigan — Burt M. Fellows, Colonel Commanding; J, E. Wat- 
son, Adjutant, Bronsou. 

Minnesota — E. H. Milham, Colonel Commanding ; Geo. H. 
Sheire, Adjutant, St. Paul. 

Missouri — Ed. R. Durham, Colonel Commanding; S. F. Church, 
Adjutant, Bethany. 

3Iontana — Wm. H. Perkins, Colonel Commanding ; E. D. Gay- 
lord, Adjutant, Fort Custer. 

Nebraska — A. M. Appelget, Colonel Commanding; Win. Grimes, 
Adjutant, Tecumseh. 

New Hampshire — Frank B. Perkins, Colonel Commanding ; H. 
B. Clark, Adjutant, Manchester. 

New Jersey — F. D. Morse, Colonel Commanding ; H. H. Moore, 
Adjutant, Elizabeth. 

New York — M, Retel, Colonel Commanding ; Chas. AY. Chap- 
pell, Adjutant, Buffalo. 

43 



674 



Grand Army of the Republic. 



Ohio — Geo. "VV. Leonard, Colonel Commanding ; L. N. Allopp, 
Adjutant, Urbana. 

Pennsylvania — J. L. Rake, Colonel Commanding ; H. H. Ham- 
mer, Adjutant, Reading. 

Rhode Island — Chas. H. West, Colonel Commanding ; E. O. 
Riggs, Adjutant, Newport. 

Vermont — F. L. Eaton, Colonel Commanding ; A. G. Eaton, 
Adjutant, Moutpelier, 

West Virginia — H. B. Bagulej, Colonel Commanding ; Geo. A. 
Dunnington, Adjutant, Wheeling, West Virginia. 

Wisconsin — Chas. H. Hudson, Colonel Commanding ; G. H. 
Bresee, Adjutant, Madison. 




UNION VETERAN LEGION. 

The Union Veteran Legion is com- 
posed almost exclusively of members of 
the Grand Army of the Republic. It 
was organized in Pittsburgh in March, 
1884. 

Membership is restricted to — 

Officers, soldiers and marines of the Union Arin3\ 
Navy and Marine Corps durini; the war of the rebel- 
lion, who volunteered prior to .July 1, 1863, for a term 
Badge. f^^ three years, and were honorably discharired for 

any eause after a service of two continuous years, 
or were at anytime discharged by reason of wounds received in the line of duty; 
but no drafted person, nor substitute, nor any one who has at any time borne arms 
ajrainst the I'm'tcd Stales is elidblc 

At th(^ annual meeting lield at Youngstown, Ohio, February 
22, 1888, provision Avas made to include witliin the terms of eligi- 
bility those wlio vobinteered for a term of two years ])rior to 
July 22,1801, iind served their full term of eiivollincut, uidess dis- 
cliarged for wounds received in the line of duty. 

'i'lic o])jects (;f tlie Lhiion Veteran T^egion are : 



Union Veteran Legion. 075 

First. The cultivation of true devotion to American government and institu- 
tions. 

Second. The moral, social and intellectual improvement of its members, and their 
relief, and the relief of their widows and orphans in sickness and distress. 

Third. The preservation of friendly relations among those who fouglit for the 
safety of the American Union. 

Fourth. By the personal example and influence of its members to perpetuate the 
three great principles of " Fraternity, Charity and Patriotism," and to promote 
the interests of humanity. 

Fifth All things being equal, to give preference to its members in all business re- 
lations, and to assist them, as far as possible, in all honorable ways. 

The local organizations of tlie Union Veteran Legion are styled 
Encampments ; the officers are Colonel Commander, Lieutenant- 
Colonel, Major, Officer of the Day, Adjutant, Quartermaster, Chap- 
lain, Officer of the Guard, Surgeon, Sergeant-Major, Quartermas- 
ter-Sergeant, Color Bearer, Sentinel and Drummer or Bugler. 

There is no Department Organization, as in the Grand Army 
of the Republic, but executive authority is conferred upon the 
National officers. 

The first National Encampment of this Order was held at 
Pittsburgh, February 18, 1887, when the following were elected 
or appointed in the National offices : 

National Commander, Geo. B. Chalmers, Pittsburgh ; Senior 
Vice-National Commander, John Fox; Junior Vice-National Com- 
mander, C. B. Timmerman ; Adjutant-General, John H. Short, 
Allegheny, Pennsylvania ; Quartermaster - General, Frank L. 
Blair ; Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. John A. Danks ; Surgeon-General, 
Dr. John L. Crawford, Greensburg, Pennsylvania ; Inspector- 
General, J. C. Aitkin, Philadelphia ; Judge-Advocate-General, W. 
R. Black. 

The officers, February 22, 1888, to February 22, 1889, are : 
National Commander, General A. R. Pearson, Pittsburgh, Penn- 
sylvania ; Senior Vice-National Commander, Dr. G. J. R. Miller, 
Philadelphia ; Junior Vice-National Commander, Christian Sta- 
witz, St. Louis, Missouri ; Quartermaster-General, F. L. Blair, 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Inspector-General, W. B. Chapman, 
Bradford, Pennsylvania ; Surgeon-General, J. L. Crawford, re- 
elected ; Chaplain-in-Chief, Rev. N. H. Holmes, New Castle, Penn- 
sylvania ; Judge-Advocate-General, M. W. Johnson, Youngstown, 
Ohio. John H. Short, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, was re-appointed 
Adjutant-General. 



676 Grand Army of the Hepublic. 

EnCcarapments are located (December, 1888) as follows : 
No. 1, Pittsburgh, Penusylvauia ; No. 2, Philadelphia ; No. 3, 
Yoiingstown, Ohio ; No. 4, Beaver Falls, Peimsylvauia ; No. 5, 
Greensburg, Penusylvauia ; No. 6, Allegheny, Pennsylvania ; No- 
7, Bradford, Pennsylvania ; • No. 8, Council Bluffs, Iowa ; No. 9, 
New Castle, Pennsylvania ; No. 10, New Bedford, Massachusetts ; 
No. 11, Indiana, Pennsylvania ; No. 12, South Oil City, Pennsyl- 
vania ; No. 18, Erie, Pennsylvania ; No. 14, Lancaster, Pennsyl- 
vania ; No. 15, 8t. Louis, Missouri ; No. IG, Steubenville, Ohio ; 
No. 17, Altoona, Pennsylvania ; No. 18, Allentown, Pennsylvania ; 
No. 19, Pottsville, Pennsylvania ; No. 20, Philadelphia; No. 21, 
Wellsburg, West Virginia ; No. 22, Pottstown, Pennsylvania ; 
No. 23, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania ; No. 24, Salina, Kansas ; No. 
25, West Chester, Pennsylvania ; No. 26, Centreville, Rhode 
Island ; No. 27, Hazleton, Pennsylvania ; No. 28, Sayre, Brad- 
ford county, Pennsylvania. 



UNION YETERANS' UNION. 

The Union Veterans' Union of the United States was organ- 
ized in "Washington, June 18, 1886, by M. A. Dillon. 

Its objects are stated in the Rules and Regulations to be : 

First. To preserve and perpetuate the principles for which we contended on nianj- 
battle-fields. 

Second. To recognize the rights of the soldier to ])osili()ns of pnblic trust, and 
the preferment of our members over others for employment t)y the Government or 
by individuals, other things being eciual. 

Titinl. To demand of this Government a proper appreciation of their services and 
a just recognition of their claims. 

Skc. 2. To support, aid and assist, in the election to positions of i)u1)lie trust, 
any and all true friends of the Union Soldier, irrespective of politics, creed, or 
party. 

Skc. 3. To extend to our comrades their widows and orphans, in lime of need, 
that charity that knows no end. 

At least six months continuous service (unless discharged on 
account of wounds) in the Army, Navy or Marino Cor])s of the 
United States, between April 12, iMCil, and April 30, 1S(;5, and an 



The Veterans' Eights Union. 077 

honorable discharge therefrom, is required for membership. Part 
of said service must have been at the front. 

Any gentleman of good character, willing to co-oj^erate with 
the Command in promoting the objects of the Union Veterans' 
Union, and who is not entitled to join as a comrade, is eligible 
for honorary membership. 

The officers of subordinate commands are : Colonel, Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel, Major, Surgeon — rank of Major, Chaplain — rank of 
Captain, Officer of the Day — rank of Captain, Officer of the Guard 
— rank of First Lieutenant, Adjutant — rank of First Lieutenant, 
Quartermaster — rank of First Lieutenant, Sergeant-Major, Quar- 
termaster's Sergeant, Drum Major, Color Bearer, Sentinel. 

The National Officers, 1887-88, were : M. A. Dillon, Washing- 
ton, D. C, Commander-in-Chief ; Wm. T. Clarke, First Deputy- 
Commander-in-Chief ; John A. Fulweiler, Second Deputy-Com- 
mander-in-Chief ; Dr. Charles Lloyd, Surgeon-General ; G. M. 
Elliott, Chaplain-in-Chief ; Robert Alton, Adjiitant-General; Jos. 
Smolinski, Assistant Adjutant-General; Jno. R. AVolston, Quarter- 
master-General; Horace L. Piper, Judge- Advocate-General; E. B. 
Payne, Assistant Judge-Advocate-General; R. S. Avery, Inspector- 
General ; J. Marshall Guion, Chief Mustering Officer. 

Officers for 1889, Commander-in-Chief, Robert Alton ; First 
Deputy-Commander-in-Chief, Robert Frederick; Second Deputy- 
Commander-in-Chief, Harman McEowen ; Surgeon-General, Dr. 
W. H. Smith ; Chaplain-in-Chief, J. N. Rose ; Adjutant-General, 
Thomas Hynes ; Quartermaster-General, John R. Woolston ; In- 
spector-General, W. E. Rogers ; Judge-Advocate-General, Daniel 
W. Gould. 



THE VETERANS' RIGHTS UNION. 

A Convention to consider the best means of advancing the in- 
terests of veterans employed, or seeking to be employed, under 
the local. State and National governments, was held in New York 
city, October 13, 1882, upon a call issued by Post No. 135 of that 
city. 

About one hundred and fifty Grand Army Posts were repre- 
sented at this meeting, and it resulted in the formation of the 
Veterans' Rights Union. 



678 Grand Army of the Eepublic. 

The purposes of the organization are shown in the resolutions 
then adopted : 

Fir,s(. That we have learned with deep regret that veteran soldiers and sailors 
who held positions under the Government, liave been dismissed without cause, and in 
new appointments men worthy and capable have been put aside who twenty years 
ago pledged their lives that this Republic should suffer no harm. 

Second. That, in our judgment, the public sentiment which demanded, the 
patriotic Congress which enacted, and the President who approved Sections 1754 and 
1755 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, aimed to prevent such discrim- 
ination against these veterans, and in their behalf the Grand Army of the Republic 
should see that the exigencies of partisan politics should not rob them of the fruits 
of this just legislation. 

TJiird. That in our judgment no veteran soldier or sailor should be denied a place 
in the civil service of this Government .so long as there are places he is fitted to fill, 
and no political party has the right to proscribe these men. 

FourtJi. That we point with pride to the veteran soldiers of that army which 
rose at the call of the martyred Lincoln to preserve free government in this land, 
whose discharges are certificates of service for the country when service was 
sacrifice, who are not beggars for place, who want no .sinecures, and who have 
earned the right to serve in peace the government for which they volunteered to 
fight in war. 

Fifth. That equal capacity being assumed, such men should have preference 
in appointments under a Government where statute and patriotic sentiment alike 
prohibit discrimination against them in the various departments of the public 
service. 

We do, therefore, pledge ourselves by all legitimate methods to maintain tlie rights 
and a.s.sert the privileges of the veteran soldiers and sailors of this land whenever, 
wherever and by whomsoever those rights and privileges shall be menaced. 

An Executive Committee was formed consisting of Comrades 
Nich. AV. Day, Abram Merritt, Aug. Harrington, Jas. L. Watson, 
Jos. W. Kay, Leander Clark, S. D. Pierce, J. K. Hood, D. -J. Mal- 
lon and Jas. F. Fitts, and they were delegated with full powers to 
represent the association. 

The members of the Executive Committee tirst pledged them- 
selves not to accept any jDosition of trust or profit under the 
Government during the term for which they were chosen. They 
declared their main purposes to be — 

To .secure to those who served under the Government of the United States during 
the late war, the privileges and rights guaranteed to them by sections 1754 and 1755 
of the Revised Statutes of the U. S , as also Section 3. Chapter 287, Laws of 1876, and 
any State law wliich has been or may be enacted for their benefit. 

Committees were appointed to confer witli other Departments 
of the Grand Army to urge the formation of labor bureaus to 



The Veterans' Rights Union. B79 

procure employment for veterans out of work, and to secure ;ul- 
ditional legislation found necessary to better protect the rights of 
veterans under existing laws and which had been in a large degree 
persistently ignored. 

After months of correspondence and through different per- 
sonal interviews with the Civil Service Commission of the United 
States, the Executive Committee was successful in obtaining in- 
structions to the Civil Service Examining Boards under date of 
October 29, 1884, deciding that : 

Any applicant honorably discharged for such cause — i. e.. by reason of dis- 
ability RESULTING FROM SUCH WOUNDS OR SICKNESS INCURRED IN THE LINE OF 

DUTY — who, as the result of an examination, has been placed upon a Register as eli- 
gible for appointment, should be certified in preference to any other person thereon 
not entitled to such preference examined for the same part of the service, even though 
such persons are graded higher. Without such priority of certification, it appears to 
be hardly practicable to give the preference in appointment which it seems to be the 
object of the statutes to secure. 

This was the first ruling on this question, and the Executive 
Committee made a number of test cases to compel its observance. 
In other cases, where in laws giving preference to veterans, the 
language of the Acts were not direct and explicit, the courts were 
invoked to pass upon the same, and where necessary, the Legis- 
lature was asked to so amend such acts, to more fully carry out 
their evident purpose and provide punishment for any foitnd 
guilty of their violation. 

In all these cases the committee was finally successful, and 
its work has resulted in securing a fairer consideration of the 
claims of veterans who have passed examinations under the laws 
and proven their ability to properly fill positions for which they 
were applicants. 

A number of the laws secured, directly and indirectly, through 
the action inaugurated by the Veterans' Rights Union, are re- 
ferred to under the head of Legislation in the different Depart- 
ments of the Grand Army of the Republic. 

At the Encampment of the Department of New York, held 
February 23, 1888, the following was unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That the energy, fidelity and unselfishness of Comrades Jos. "W. Kay, 
Thos. B. Odell, Nicholas W. Day, Lewis E. Griffith, and their associates in said 
Union, deserve our unqualified acknowledgment; and they are hereby tendered our 
most hearty and sincere thanks. 



()80 Grand Aiimy of the Republic. 

rXK^X F.X-PRISONERS OF WAR ASSOCIATION. 

From the ending of the war of the rebellion until 1874, there 
were numerous efforts made to organize the Union Ex-Prisoners 
of War into associations, all of which failed until the present 
Association was organized at AVorcester, Massachusetts, on the 
0th day of April, 1874, under the title of the " National Union 
of Andersonville Survivors." Warren Lee Goss, of Norwich, 
Connecticut, was elected President, and Charles H. Shaw, of Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts, Secretary ; two hundred names were enrolled 
as members. The objects of the association are as follows : 

The object of this Association Khali be to strengthen the ties of fraternal fellow- 
shii) and sympathy, formed by companionship in arms during the war for the I'nion, 
among the survivors of Rebel Military Prisons; to perpetuate the name and fame of 
those who have fallen in the prison pens of the South, and in the line of dulj': to 
bind together in the most friendly ties the survivors of the above prisons, by joint 
action of its members in any direction which will secure justice to the living and 
honor to the dead, and to as>ist such of our fellow-prisoners as need help and pro- 
t( ction. and to extend needful aid to the widows and orphans of those who have 
fallen. 

At annual meetings held in Boston, Massachusetts, 1875, and 
in Norwich, Connecticut, 187(), Warren Lee Goss was re-elected 
President. At the annual meriting held at Hartford, Connecticiit, 
April 19, 1877, the title of the association was changed to 
" National Union of Survivors of Andersonville and other South- 
ern Military Prisons," and Comrade Ezra H. Ripple, of Scrantoii, 
Pennsylvania, was elected President, and W. B. Osgood, of Hart- 
ford, Connecticut, Secretary. 

The annual meeting for 1878, was held at Wilkesbarre, Penn- 
sjdvania, on July 2d, and Robert H. Kellogg, of South Manches- 
ter, Connecticut, was elected President ; L. J. Curtis, Kingston, 
Pennsylvania, Secretary. 

The next meeting of which record was kept, was held in the 
city of New York, September 6th, 1882, when B. F. Blakeslee, of 
Hartford, Connecticut, was elected President. A badge to be 
worn by the members of the Association was adopted. 

C. C. Shanklin, of Cleveland, was elected President at a meet- 
ing held in Cleveland, Ohio, September 19, 1883. 

The title of the Association Avas then clianged to that of the 
National Association of Ex-Union Prisoners of AVar. 

The meeting for 1884 was held at Detroit, Michigan, com- 



Pension Statistics. H81 

mencing on the 13tli of August. C. C. Shanklin was re-elected 
President, and various amendments were then made to the Con- 
stitution and By-laws of the Association. 

The annual meeting for 1885 was held in Philadelphia, com- 
mencing August 19th ; J. H. Longnecker, of Pennsylvania, was 
elected President, and David T. Davies, of Philadelphia, was ap- 
pointed Secretary. 

A meeting of the Association was held at Bufifalo, New York, 
August 18, 1886, at which time Mr. John McElroy, editor of the 
National Tribune, was elected President, and Wm. H. Mattingly, 
of Indiana, was appointed Secretary. 

The meeting for 1887 was held in Chicago, September 22 and 
23. It was then decided that all State Associations shoiild be 
abolished, and the name of the National Association was changed 
to " Union Ex-Prisoners of War Association." General W. H. 
Powell, of Belleville, Illinois, was elected President, and L. P. 
Williams, of Washington, D. C, was appointed Secretary and 
Treasurer ; Headquarters were permanently established in Wash- 
ington, D. C. 

The Association now numbers about two thousand members. 



PENSION STATISTICS. 

On October 12, 1883, Colonel W. W. Dudley, Commissioner of 
Pensions, in a letter addressed to the Commander-in-Chief, in- 
vited the co-operation of the Grand Army of the Eepublic in the 
work of gathering the names of all surviving soldiers, sailors and 
marines for use in his Department, that applicants for pensions 
unable to find the addresses of officers could be directly referred 
to members of the same company, regiment or vessel. 

The result was the formation of the Army and Navy Survivors' 
Division, in the Pension Bureau, which was established May 18, 
1885, and placed in charge of Major Frank A. Butts. Since that 
date, there have been compiled more than 600,000 names, together 
with full service and post-office addresses, of surviving soldiers 
and sailors of the late war, making a total of about 750,000. The 
object in maintaining this record is to aid applicants for j^ensions 
to secure the evidence necessary to the adjudication of their claims. 



682 



Grand Army of the liEruBLic. 



Service cards designed for the compilation of the record liave 
been issued to all Posts of the Grand Army of the liepublic. 

With other data obtained, the names and addresses of 615,069 
survivors of the army or navy have been furnished for use in 
10-2,641 cases, from April 16, 1884, to June 30, 1888. 

Expenditures for Army and Navy Pensions from 1791 to 1888 

inclusive. 



YEAK8. 


EXPENDITURES. 


YEARS. 


EXPENDITURES. 


YEARS. 


EXPENDITURES. 


1791 


$175,813 88 ' 


1824 


?;1 ,498,763 59 


1857 


?1, 31 0,380 58 


1792 


109.343 15 


1825 


1,240,930 81 


1858 


1,219,768 30 


1793 


80 087 81 


1826 


1,560,891 3S 


1859 


1 222,222 71 


1794 


81,399 24 


1827 


978,341 36 


1860 


1,100,802 32 


1795 


68,673 22 


1828 


850.573 57 


1861 


1,072,461 55 


1796 


100,843 72 


1829 


934,069 64 


1862 


790,384 76 


1797 


92,266 97 


1830 


1,356.797 12 


1863 


1,025, ]o9 91 


1798 


104845 33 


1831 


1.031,931 31 


1864 


4,564,616 92 


1799 


95,444 03 


1832 


1,343.478 05 


1865 


8,525.153 11 


1800 


94,014 93 


1833 


4,589,751 41 


1866 


13459,990 43 


1801 


124,688 10 


1834 


3,363.390 95 


1867 


18 619,956 46 


1802 


12f?,079 83 


1835 


1,929,240 35 


1868 


24,010,981 99 


1803 


62.902 10 


1836 


2 832,787 46 


1869 


28,422,884 08 


1804 


80,092 80 


1837 


2,432,577 98 


1870 


27,780,811 81 


1805 


81,854 59 


1838 


2,303,617 38 


1871 


33 077,383 63 


1806 


82,083 72 


1839 


3,126.863 64 


1872 


30,169,341 00 


1807 


70,500 00 


1840 


2,623,519 95 


1873 


29,185,289 62 


1808 


82 576 04 


1841 


2,504 383 59 ! 


1874 


30,593,749 56 


1809 


87,833 54 


1842 


1,467,010 89 ' 


1875 


29,683,116 63 


1810 


83,744 16 


1843 


857,072 52 | 


1S76 


28,351,599 09 


1811 


82,150 13 1 


1844 


2,027,441 91 


1877 


28,580,157 04 


1812 


91,880 10 ' 


1845 


2,500,748 03 


1878 


26,844,415 18 


1813 


213.372 70 


1846 


1 905,335 42 


1879 


33,780,526 19 


1814 


248.253 86 


1847 


1,837,123 85 


1880 


57.240,540 14 


1815 


178.104 16 


1848 


1,290,840 36 


1881 


50,626,538 51 


1816 


286,065 72 


1849 


1.246,280 67 


1SS2 


54,296,280 54 


1817 


426,480 09 


1850 


1,022,385 41 


1883 


60,431,972 85 


1818 


972,360 67 


1851 


2,226,569 31 


1884 


57.273,536 74 


1819 


2,416,829 04 


1852 


2,382 872 00 


1885 


65,693,706 72 


1820 


3,218,494 70 


1853 


1,736,202 45 


1H86 


64,584,270 45 


1821 


244.778 79 


1854 


1,232,368 01 


1MS7 


74,815,486 85 


1822 


1.947,967 93 


1855 


1,473,599 33 


1888 


79,646,146 37 


1823 


1,778,759 68 


1856 


1,296 229 65 







Tli(i following miiiiioraiida will show some of the principal 
causes operating to produce some of the unequal annual expend- 
itures, to wit : 



1791. Arrears were paid from 1789. 



Pension Statistics. 683 

1796. Certain military pensions, also pension to widows and 
children of officers. 

1813. War of 1812. 

1816. The total pension of an enlisted man was increased from 
$5 to $8 per month ; also pensions to widows or soldiers of the 
war of 1812 for jive years. 

1818. Revolutionary soldiers who served in the Continental 
Line were, for the first time, allowed pension on account of 

service. 

1821. The small annual disbursement during this year was on 
account of deficiency in appropriation. 

1830. Certain arrears of pension, due to revolutionary pen- 
sioners, for 1829 and 1830, were paid. 

1833. Act of 1832 provided pension to revolutionary soldiers 
who served six months. Also for repayment to Virginia of claims 
for revolutionary services. 

1836. Pensions to widows of revolutionary soldiers, if mar- 
ried to soldier before the close of that war ; also a five years' 
pension to widows of soldiers of Florida war. 

1838. Pensions to widows of soldiers of revolutionary war for 
five years, if married to soldier prior to 1794. 

1843. The five years pensions to certain widows expired by 
limitation in 1841, 1842 and 1843. 

1844. Pensions to revolutionary widows revived. 

1851. Mexican war pensioners and revival of the five years 
pensions to widows, and a like pension to widows of soldiers of 
Mexican war. 

1862. All pensioners residing in Southern States had names 
dropped from the roll. 

1865. From 1861 to 1865, the general increase was on account 
of death and disability in the Avar of that period. 

From 1861 to 1888, the aggregate payments for all classes of 
pensions were $963,086,444.73. 

From 1871 to 1888, $36,310,256.04 were paid to survivors of 
the war of 1812, and to the widows of the soldiers of that war. 



684 



Grand Ak.my of the Republic. 



The uuinber of pensioners on the rolls, June 30, 1888, and the 
vjiluo (^f their pensions for the year, were as follows: 



lucurrc'd durini;: the rclitllioii 18(51-65: 

Army: Invaluis 323,020 

Widcnvs, etc 90,882 

Navy: Invalids 8,815 

Widows, etc 2,083 

Total number of Invalid Pensioners 326.835 

'■ Widows and dependents. 92,965 

Totals above classified 419,800 

Warofl812: Survivors 806 

Widows 10.787 

War with Mexico: Survivors 16,060 

Widows 5.104 



Total on Rolls 452,557 



Annual Pensions, $37,558,143 42 
14,587.849 50 
500.704 00 
393.220 00 

.«:38.058.847 42 
14,981,069 50 

*53.039,916 92 

77 376 00 

1.553,184 00 

1,541,760 00 
489,984 00 

$56,702,220 93 



INDEX TO SUBJECTS. 



Advance Guard of America, 35 

Akron Memorial Chapel 513 

Appointments, preference in, for veterans— Kan- 
sas, 5~S ; Massachusetts, 41S ; NewVork, 455 

Arizona, Department of, 599, 600 

Arkansas, Department of, 643-045 

Army, The, enlistments and casualties, 2 

Army and Navy Survivors' Division^ Pension 
Office, 357,681-684 



Badges, Grand Arm}', history of, and designs, 
651-656 
References, change in form, 94 ; reduced cost 
of, 119 ; special committee changing manufac- 
ture, 169, 175, 176 ; must be of captured can- 
non, 299 ; referring to incorrect cuts of, 219 ; 
sales of, 259, 274, 293, 294; relative to spurious 
badges, 311; to improper use of, 2S4, 286 ; not 
to be worn at political meetings, 294 ; use as 
campaign devices condemned, 855 ; not to be 
used for advertising purposes, 33S ; modifica- 
tion of design recommended and adopted, 
311,316, 317, 320; relative to wearing of by 
officers and men in the service, 319; State 
legislation against wearing the badge by un- 
authorized persons— Colorado. 609 ; Connect- 
icut, 435; Iowa, 562: Maine, 387 ; Massachu- 
setts, 418 ; Michigan, ; Nebraska, 584 ; 
New Hampshire, 395 ; New York, 454 ; Ohio, 
514 ; Oregon, 616 ; Rhode Island, 427 ; Ve :- 
mont, 403 ; Wisconsin, 544 
Button, suggested, 284 ; cuts, 655 
Official, adopted, 140 ; for past officers, 151 ; 
cuts, 655 

Baltimore, address to, poem, 241 ; testimonial to, 
24S-250 

Bath, Soldiers' Home at. New York, 197 

Blue Book, 271 

Bounties, equalization of, 121, 100, 281 

Boys in Blue, 26, 27,464 

Bureaus of employment proposed, 301 

Burial services adopted, 140 

Burial of deceased veterans, State legislation — 
Colorado, 608 ; Connecticut, 435; Iowa, 561 
Kansas, 57S ; Maine, 387; Minnesota, 571 
Nebraska, 584 ; New York, 453 ; Ohio, 513 
Pennsvlvania, 483; Wisconsin, 544 

Burnside Expedition, Society of the, 16 

Burnside, General, monument to, 425 



California, Department of, 589-597 ; thanks to 

Department and State, 321 ; presentation to, 

322, 346 
Catholic Church, conference with authorities of, 

294, 300 
Cemeteries, National, referred to. 120, 284, 285 
Chaplains-in-Chief, see National Encampme t 
Charity, expenditures for, 332, 360, 652 
Charter-members of first Post, 36 . 

Chicago, thanks to. Posts and city authorities, 

160 
Church of the Prince of Peace, Gettysburg, 240 
Clara Barton degree, 140 
Cleveland, political convention at, 26; thanks to 

city and Posts of, 135 
Clubs, veterans', political, 24 
Code and Manual reported, 200 
Colorado, Department of, 604-60:1 ; thanks to, 

266 ; thanks to State, 266 ; appropriation for 

encampment, 268 
Commanders-in-Chief, see National Encamp- 
ment 
Commissioner of Pensions, 264, 275, 33:3, 353, 631 
Connecticut, Department of, 427-436; United 

Service Club. 427 
Congress, legis'ation recommended, 121, !32, 133, 

134, 151, 262, 265, 282, 342-344, 356, 366-:i63 
Cumberland, Society of the Army of the, 14, 15 

Dakota, Department of, 585, 588 

Deceased soldiers and sailors, record of, re- 
quested, 115 

Decoration Day, miscalled, 246 

Dedicatory services, 211 

Delaware, Department of, 484-487 

Department history, see Names oy States 

Departments represented, see National Encamp- 
ment 

Digest of Decisions, G. A. R., compilation re- 
ferred to, 127, 160, 263, 274. 280, 282 

Drexel Cottage, Mt. McGregor, 329, 358, 361 

Elections of Officers, see N-itional Encampment 
Employment, preference for appointment or, in 
States — Kansas, 578; Massachusetts, 413; 
New York, 455 ; Ohio, 515 
Equalization of bounties, see Bounties 
Exemption from taxation, etc., for veterans — Col- 
orado, 608 ; Connecticut, 435 ; Nebraska, 584 

[6851 



(586 



Index to Subjects. 



Farragul Veteran Association, 28, 81^ 
First Army Society organized, II 
Fitch's Home far Soldiers, Connecticut, 434 
Fitchburg Circle of Massachusetts Veterans, 403 
Flags of the United States, a place for the pres- 
ervation of trophies and. suggested, 341 
Florida, Department of, 637-639 

Georgia, 63;}, 648 

Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association, 
27!, 477-479 

Grade System, G. A. R., 98, 101, 119 ; abolished, 
120 

Grand Army of Progress, 35 

Grand Army of the Republic, see Xational En- 
campment : organization of the, 83-62; first 
constitution of 44; fac simile letter relating 
to, 42 ; charter of first Post, 36 ; history of, 
recommended, 335, 836, 857 

Grand Review at Washington, 2-10 

Grant Memorial Fund propos.-d, 312; committee 
on, 317; subscriptions, 361; Memorial Hall, 
Nebraska, 5?5; presentation of portrait by H. 
W. Berthrong, 297; funeral of General Grant, 
446 ; see Drexel Cottage 

Gridley, R. C, 597 

Gulf, Department of, 639-642 

Gulf, Society of the Army and Navy of the, IS 

Hartford Soldiers' Memorial, 436 

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, thanks to Posts and 
citizens of, 152 

Headquarters G. A. R., relating to permanent, 
282 

Historian of G. A. R., recommended, 330, 335, 
336, 357 

Histories, school, of the rebellion, 371 

Homes, State, for Soldiers and Sailors— Califor- 
nia, 59S; Colorado, 609; Connecticut, 4:M; 
Illinois, 530 ; Iowa, 560 ; Kansas, 577 ; Mass- 
achusetts, 415; Michigan, 536; Minnesota, 
.570; Nebraska, .5S3 ; New Jersey, 462; New 
York, 450; Ohio, 512; Pennsylvania, 482; 
Vermont, 401 ; Wisconsin, 545 ; Na'ional, 
Leavenworth, 279 

Honolulu. King of, and suite, 276 ; Post in. 276 ; 
presentation by, 322 

Idaho, Department of, 616, 617 

Illinois, first organization, 33-67 ; Department of, 
.'>2;-(-.'»81 ; thanks to comrades and State offi- 
cials, 160 

Indiana, Department of, 515-522; at Pittsburgh 
Convention, 27 ; State monument, facing 
page 522 

Inspectors-General, see National Encampment 

Iowa, Department of, .552-562 

James. Societv of the Army of the. 16 
Judge- Ad voc ites-General, to compile digest, 160 ; 
see Digest : Sational Encampment 



Kansas, Department of, 571-r>7S 
Kentucky, Department of, 630-633 

Ladies Aid Societies, work of, 31 

Ladies of the G. A. R., 666-668 

Ladies Loyal League, 237-236, 666-668 

Ladies Union Relief Association, 151 

Louisiana and Mississippi, Department of, 68J- 

642 
Logan, General J. A., monument to, proposed, 

338, 365 
Loyal Legion, Military Order of the, 18-21 

Maimed Veterans' League, 366 
Maine, Department of, 379-38S 
Manual for G. A. R., committee to compile, 191 ; 

reported and adopted, 227, 263, 271 
Maryland, Department of, 4SS-493 
Massachusetts, Department of, 403-418 ; thanks 

to, 121 
Massachusetts Veterans, Fitchburg, 403 
Medical record. Government should furnish, 340 
Membership, G. A. R., by Departments, 651, 652 
Memorial Day, not Decoration day, 246 ; institu- 
tion of, 90-92 ; general references, 209, 235, 
238, 276, 299, 311, 318, 339, 356, 85S, 369 ; serv- 
ices for, 198, 210, 211; sermons on Sabbath 
preceding, 134, 210; to discourage desecra- 
tion of, 159, 1S7, 191, 284, 295 ; request to be 
made a national holiday, 265; falling on Sun- 
day, to be observed Saturday, 315 ; services 
to be provided for in National cemeteries of 
the South, 369 
A legal holiday in California, .598; Connecticut, 
435; Illinois, 530; Iowa, 562; Kansas, 578; 
Kentucky, 633 ; Maine, 388 ; Massachusetts, 
417; Nebraska, 585; New Hampshire, 394; 
New Jersey. 464 ; New York, 4.53 ; Ohio, 515 ; 
Oregon, 616; Pennsylvania, 4&3 ; Rhode 
Island, 426 ; Vermont, 403 ; Wisconsin, 544 
Memorial and Executive Committee, New York, 

448-450 
Memorial Halls, Akron, Ohio, .513 ; Toledo. .513; 
Zanesville, 514; Rhode Island, 426; Nebras- 
ka, 585 
Michigan, Department of, 531-537 
Military Order of the Loyal Legion, lS-21 
Military service, numbers engaged, casualties. 2 
Minnesota, Department of, 562-571 ; testimonial 

to, and thanks to citizens of, 235 
Minneapolis, testimonial to people of, 286 
Mississippi, Department of, t).S9-642, 648 
Missouri, Department of, 546, 552 ; thanks to, 

345 
Mt. McGregor, .329, 3.58. .361 
Montana, Department of, 618-^21 
Monuments, see Gettysburg Battlefield Memor- 
ial Association 
Mountain Department, 604 

National Association Prisoners of War, 6SC 
National Cemeteries, decoration of graves In, 369 



Index to Subjects. 



f)87 



National Encampment G A. R., meetings of, see 

Table of Contents 
National political conventions, veterans, 26 
Naval Posts, 24 
Naval veterans, 23, 24, 375 
Navy, numbers engaged, 2 
National Encampment — 
Departments represented, 186G. 69 ; ISGS, 78 ; 
1S69, 97 ; 1870, 109 ; 1871, 116 ; 1872, 128 ; 1873, 
138; 1874,147; 1S75, 150 ; 1876,166; 1877,174; 
1S78, 1S6 ; 1879, 196 ; 1880, 208 ; 1881, 220 ; 1882, 
236; 1883,255; 1884,273; 1885,293; 1886,310; 
1887,329; 1888,354 
Council of Administration ; 
Meeting October 1, 1868, 94 
Members of, 1856, 71; 1868,83; 1869,102 ; 1870, 
114; 1871,122; 1872,135; 1873,143; 1874, 
152; 1875,160; 1876,170; 1877,180; 1878, 
192; 1879,203; 1880, 215; 1881,231; 1882, 
243 ; 1883, 267 ; 18S4, 287 ; 1885, 304 ; 1886, 
323 ; 1887, 346 ; 1888. 872 
National Encampment, Officers of. See, also. 
Index to Names 
Adjutants -General — 
Alcorn, W. W., 290; report, 295, 302 
Attwood, C G., 144 
Beath R. B., 162, 172, 316 ; reports, 167, 175, 

178, 222, 226 
Brown, F. E., 251 ; report, 258, 262 
Cameron, J., 306 ; report, 313, 317 
Chipman, N. P., S3 ; report, 96 
Collins, W. T., 106, 115 ; reports. 111, 119 
Cutting, Wm., 124 

Farley. J. L.,1S2, 194; reports, 187, 19S 
Fish, b., 349 ; report, 332, 336 
Gray, E. B., 325; report. 332, 336 
Miller, R., 122 ; report, 130, 138 
Olin, W. M.,233; report, 289 
Sibley, H. R., 146, 158 ; reports, 149, 157 
Stephenson, B. F., 71; report, 78 
Stevens. I. B., 205; report, 210 
Vanderslice, J. M., 270 ; report, 276, 282 
Weigel, E. B.. 373 

Assistant Adjutants-Generals — 
Brackett, F., 306 
Collins, W. T., 84 
Denison, H. B., 182 
Dowling, P. H., 290 
Miller, R., 123 
Oakley, F. W.,325 
Royce, C. C, 115 
Stewart, T. J., 270 
Stratton, R., 3-19 
Vanderslice, J. M..172 
Weaver, H. E., 115 
Young, J. B , 212 

Chaplains-in-Chief — 
Anderson, E , 346 ; report, 362, 364 
Collier, G. W.,114 
Earnshaw, W., 122, 136, 142 



Foster, I. M., 247,266 

Lovering, J. K., 170, 179, 192, 203, 214, S31; re- 
ports, 176, 1^9, 198, 211, 223, 227, 240, 247 
Quint, A. H., 83, 102 
Reed. M. W., 160 
Shanafelt, T. M., 287 ; report, 295 
Stewart, L. H., 304 ; report, 313 
Updyke, S. G.,872 
Warner, T. C, 323, 345 
Woodbury, A., 142, 150 ; report, 150 

Commanders-in-Chief— 
Beach, R. B., 266 ; administration of, 270-239; 

I eport, 274,280 
Burdett, S. S., 304; administration of, 306-324; 

reports, 310, 315, 317 
Hurnside, A. E., 122, 135; adminisiration, 1st, 

123-135 ; 2d, 136-143; report, 129, liS, 148 
Devens, Chas., Jr., 142, 152 ; administration, 

1st, 144-152 ; 2d, 153-161 ; reports, 147, 156, 

158, 159,167 
Earnshaw, Wm., 202 ; administration of, 202- 

215; report, 208, 212,229, 231 
Fairchild, L , 322 ; administration of, 325-348; 

report, 329, 335, 317 
Hartranft, J. F., 160, 170 ; administration, 1st, 

162-171 ; 2d, 172-181 ; reports, 166, 174, 179, 

181 
Hurlbut, S. A., 71; administration, 77-83 
Kountz, J. S., 287; administration, 290-305, 

report, 293, 298, 299, 300 
Logan, J. A., 83,102, 114 ; administration, 1st 

2d and 3d terms, 84-122 ; reports, 95, 109, 

117, 121 
Merrill, G. S., 231; administration of, 233- 

250; report, 237, 242, 266 
Rea, J. P., 316; administration, 349-'^7S ; re- 
port, 354, 363, 364 
Robin^on, J. C, 179, 192 ; administration, 1st 

term, 182, 193 ; 2d, 194-204 ; reports, 186, 

196, 229, 231 
Stephenson, B. F., 66 ei al. 
Van Der Voort, P., 247; administration, 256- 

269 ; report, 255, 262 
Wagner, L, 215; administration, 21i>-232; 

report, 220, 226, 246 
Warner, Wm., 372 ; appointments by, 373 

I nspectors-General — 
Beath, R. H., 122 ; report, 131, 134 
Brown, W. W., 153; report, 150 
Burst, J. W., 251 ; report, 2-.9, 263, 285 
Carnahan, J. R., 216, 23l ; reports, 223, 240 
Evans, Geo. S , 378 
Goodrich, M. B., 133; report, 139, 142 
Hall, M.,182, 192 ; report, 198 
Hedges, I. M., 349 ; report, 361 
Hunter, J. M., 825 ; report, 338, 337, 345 
Janes, O. A., 290 ; report, 296, 303 
Jardine, E., 83 
Norris, A. W.. 144 
Raphun, C. W., 205; report, 210 
Rogers, W. F., \f,'i, 172, 182 ; report, 168 



688 



Index to Subjects. 



Santmyer, C. A., 270 ; report, 2TT. 2*3 
Starring, F. A., 106, 115; report, 111,115 
Vanosdol, A. D., 806 ; report, 314, 318 

Judge-Advocates-General — 

Austin, D. R , 290 ; report, 296. 803 
Baldwin, W. H., 205; report, 211 
Carnahan, J. R., 251; report, 2,'J<t, 268, 280 
Chipman, N. P., 1(6, 115 
Cogswell, Wm., 182, 192 ; reports, 199, 198 
Douglas, W. W., 122, 144, 163, 162, 172 ; re- 
ports, 131, 134, 139. 142, 150, 168, 176,178 
Grosvenor, C. H., 300 ; report, 314, S18 
Johnson, J. B,, 373 

Squires, G. B., 216, 281 ; reports, 223, 240 
Taintor, H ■£..325; report, 333, 337 
Vandever, W., 270 ; report, 277 
Veazey, W. G., 349 ; report. .S61, 365 

Juni)r Vice-Commanders-in-Chief— 
Allan, Edgar, 823, 345 
Bangs, I. S., 247 
Bowers, Geo., 214 
Buckbee, C. J., 160, 170 
Coey, J., 122 
Dingman, H., 203 
Earnshaw, Wm., 179 
Ferguson, E. 142 
Foster, R. S., 71 
Gould, G. T., 152 
Hadfield, J.,372 
Hawley, J. R.. 83, 102 
Hicks, Ira E.,287 
Hill, H. E., 192 

Holmes, W. H., 266 ; report, 276 
Jardine, E., 152 
Keifer, J. W., 185 

Linehan, J. C, 346 ; report, 361, 864 
Pond, C. V. R , 231 
Wagner, L., 114 

Quartermasters-General — 
Attwood, C. G., 122 ; report, 131, 134, 142 
Campbell, T. C, 88 

Lubey, T., Iii6, 115; reports, 111, 119, 121 
Sprague, A. B. R., 144, 153 ; reports, 150, 158, 

l.V.) 
Taylor, J., 251, 270, 290, 300, 325, 345, 849, 878 ; 

reports, 250. 264, 277, 282, 296, 802, 808,' 

314, 318, 3:53, 336, 360, 865 
Ward, Wm.. 162, 1T2, 182. 194, 205, 216. 231 ; 

reports, 168,176, 179, ls8, 191, 198, 210, 'iis] 

2. '7, 240, 243 
Waiich, A., 71 

Senior Vice Commanders-in-Chief— 
Backus, S. W., 322, 354 
Cole, N.,346 
Connor, Seldcn, 8()4 
Fairchild, L., 102, 114, 121 
Goble. J. R , 142 
I-ewi-4. J. R..80rf 
McKcan, J. B, 71 



Neil, M. H.,392 

Owen, J. T ,83 

Palmer, J. 202 

Rea, J. P., 287 

Reynolds, J. S., 160, 170 

Rhodes, E. H., 179 

Ross, W. E. W., 247 

Swain, E. D., 214 

Van Der Voort, P.. 192 

Wagner. L., 122, 127, 129, 135, 141, 142 

Warner, Wm , 266 ; report, 279 

Voung, C. L., 281 

Surgeon-Generals — 

Ames, A., 247, 266 ; reports, 260, 264 
Bell, John, 83 
De Witt, R. M.,372 
Donohue, F., 846 ; report, 362, 364 
Everett, A. S., 323 ; report, 33:3, 887, 345 
F"oye, J. W., 160 ; report, 168 
Green, S. A., 114, 122, 135; reports, 131, 142 
Hall, W. D., 287 
Hamlin, A. C, 214, 227 
Jones, W. B., 203 ; report, 211 
Mitchell, S. B. W., 102 
McNeil, D. C, 371 
Pile, W. A., 71 

Powell, Hans, 142 ; reports, 150, 152, 153 
Styer, C . , report, 240, 243 
Tucker, J. C, 804 

Watson, J. L., 170,179, 192 ; report, 176, 178, 
1S9, 191,198,212 

Nebraska, Department of .'■>79-585 

Nevada, see California, 589 

New Hampshire, Department of, 3S9-895 

New Jersey, Department of, 4,5-464 

New Mexico, Department of, 600-604 

New York, Department of, 4;37-4.'>5 ; presentation 

to Department of California, 322 
Ninth Corps, Society of, 16 
North Carolina, 648 
Nurses, Army, commended, B65 ; pensions to, 

151, 841 

Ohio, Department of, 501-515 

Old Soldiers' Association, Davenport, 552 

Oregon, Department of, 613-615 

Orphans' Homes, Connecticut, 4H5 ; Iowa, 661 ; 

Kansas, 577 ; Maine, 8S6 ; New York, 4.v_' ; 

Ohio, 511; Pennsylvania, 479 

Patch, Geo. H., Memorial, 840, 413 

Peace at last, 1-10 

Pensions, general reports and action, 151, 224, 

275, 2S2, 801, 319, 830 34it-:342, 844, S.-Jfi, 860, 

369 ; statistics, 681 
Pension Office, 264, 275, 33.3, 3.'i7, 681 
Pennsylvania, Department of, 4f4-484 ; thanks to 

State officers and Legislature. 152 ; Reserve 

Association, 23 



Index to Subjects. 



689 



Pittsburgh Convention, 1866, 26 

Politics referred to 29-3i, 120, 138, 2T5, 294, 'iitO 

Political Veterans Societies, 24-27 

Posts, G. A. R., number of, June 30, 1S88, 650 

Post No. 2, Philadelphia, thanks to, 169, 192 

Potomac, Department of, 494— IflQ 

Soriety of the Army of the, 17 
Portland, Maine, thanks to citizens of, 301 
Prisoners of War, National Association of, 344, 6S0 
Providence, Rhode Island, thanks to Posts, citi- 
zens, military and the mutlicipal authorities, 
178, 179 

Rebellion, school histories of, 371 

Relief disbursed by the G. A. R., 650 ; by States, 

Iowa, 561 ; Maine, 387; Massachusetts, 414 ; 

Minnesota, 570 ; New Hampshire, 394 ; New 

Vork,453; Ohio, 512 ; Rhode Island, 426 ; 

Wisconsin, 545 
Reminiscences of the War, papers on, proposed, 

104 
Revised Statutes, United States, 262, 2S4, 301, 316 
Reynolds' Escutcheons recommended, 2 
Rhode Island, Department of, 41S-427 

Sabbath, observance of, 280 

San Francisco, thanks to citizens of, 321 

School histories of the rebellion, 371 

Service Book, 210 

Signal Corps, U. S. Veteran, 16 

Society of the Red Cross, 230 

Soldiers' Monument, Indiana, 522 

Soldiers and Sailors Leagues, 35, 537 

Soldiers and Sailors Unions, 27; Massachusetts, 

404 ; New York, 437 ; Wisconsin, 537 
Sons of Veterans, history of, (;69-674 ; references, 

209, 212, 213, 228. 237, 257. 262, 275, 281, 285, 

316, 341, 356, 357, 362, 864, 368 
South Carolina, 648 
Springfield, Massachusetts, thanks to Posts and 

citizens of, 191 
Springfield, Il'inois, Convention, 53-64 
State aid, see Relief 



St. Louis, thanks to comrades, citizens and of- 
ficials, 345 

Tennessee, Department of, 633-637 

Society of the, 12-14 
Texas, Department of, 615-648 
Toledo Soldiers' .Memorial Building, 513 

Union Army and Navy Veterans Union, Massa- 
chusetts, 4ii3 

Union Ex-Prisoners of War Association, 680 

Union League of America, 80 

Union League of Philadelphia, 82 

United Brethren, Church of, favorable to G. A. 
R,. 294 

Union Veterans' Legion, 674-676 

Union Veterans' Union, 676-677 

United Service Club, Connecticut, 27, 427 

United States, number in services of, 2 

U. S. Maimed Veterans' League, 344 

Utah, Department of, 610-612 

Veterans' Societies, 11-32 

Veteran Brotherhood, Kansas, 71, 571 

Veterans of the Navy, a3, 24 

Veterans' Rights Union, 2a3, 284, 294, 300, 302, 

316,317,3.33,345,677-679 
Vermont, Department of, 395-403 
Virginia, Department of, 622-628 

Washington Territory, Department of, 618-650 
West Virginia, Department of, 6-'8-630 
West Virginia, Society of the Army of, 18 
Weir's Encampment, New Hampshire, 894 
Wisconsin, Department of, 537-f'45 
Women nurses, pensions for, urged, 151 
Woman's Relief Corps, history of, 659-666; ref- 
erences, 26, 31, 211, 213, 227, 256, 260, 26.5, 267, 
274,280,281,288, 295, 300, 311, 816, 324, 331, 
341, 356 

Yellow fever fund, 371 

Zanesvllle Memorial Building, 514 



44 



INDEX TO NAMES 

KEFEREED TO IN THE WORK OF THE NATIONAL 
ENCAMPMENT. 



Abraham, Lot, 293 

Adams, C. C, 122 

Adams, E. E.,244 

Adams, J. G. B., •>01-2-24, 227, 232-242, 261, 267 

Adreon, Harrison, 243 

Ady, Geo., 304-309 

Akers, W. G., 846 

Albaugh, D. W., 15S 

Alcorn, W. W., biog. 291, portrait facing 292; 286, 

290,291,292,295,302 
Aldrich, L. L., 150, 170, 174, 180, 186, 190, 192 
Aldrich, Frank, 372 
Alexander, A. P., 69, 70 
Alexander, D. S., 284, 294. 297 
Alexander, S. J., 224, 241, 242, 24;^, 279 
Alger, R. A., 3'J5, 338, 343, 346, 353, 365, 366, 372, 

373 
Allan, Edgar, biog. 362 ; portrait facing 328 ; 298, 

304, 323, 328. 345 
Allen, Robert, 34, 35 
Allen, F. G.,l9i 
Allen, George T., 46 
Allen, S. W. K.,363 
Allen, Thomas S., 98, 122 
Ames, Azel, Jr., 225, 237, 246, 247, 254, 260, 264, 

266 
Anderson, Edward, biog. 351; portrait facing 350; 

346,351,353,362,364 
Anderson, T. J., portrait page 572 ; 69, 268, 286 
Anthony, Geo. T., 298, 305 
Anthony, Henry B., 180 
Apgar, R. M., 112 
Arthur, President, 248 
Armstrong, H. G., 98, 102 
Armstrong, W. H., 231, 236 
Arnold, F. A., 180, 190, 200 
Arnold, Geo. B., 334 
Atkins, Smith B., 267, 273 
Atkinson, John, 363 
Attwood, C. G., biog. and portrait, 126; 128, 127, 

128,131,134,138,139, 143. 144, 145, 152 
Austin, D. R , biog. 292 ; portrait facing 292; 247, 

292, 297, 303, 814, 323, 329 
Ayres, Gen. R. B., 247 

Babb, E. A., 286, 289 
Babbett,J. W.,-325 



Bachia, R. A., 97, 102 

Backus, S. W., biog. 326; portrait facing 328; 323, 

323, 353 
Backus, Mrs. Nellie G., 341 
Badger, A. L.,288 
Bagley, Mrs Belle T., 370 
Bailey, A. J., 201 
Bailey. T. C.,347 
Baldwin, W. H, biog. 2(t7; portrait facing 208; 

95, 98, 205, 208, 211, 214, 224, 231, 236, 242 
Ballard, H., 315 
Ballou, Chas. O., 329 
Bancroft, Carl N., 267, 273 
Bancroft, F.J .114 
Bane, M. M., 215, 244 
Bangs. Isaac S., biog. 2S2 ; portrait facing 252 ; 

212,241.242,247,254 
Banning, Henry B., 78, 83 
Barbe-, G. M., 151 
Barker, H. R., 177, 261, 315 
Barker, Thos. E., 278 
Barker, J. D.. 346 
Barker, Mrs. E. Florence, 288 ; portrait facing 

657 
Barnes, C. M , 334 
Barnes, Thos. H., 278, 287 
Barnett, James, 160 
Barney, C. A., 160, 166, 169, ISO, 186, 192, 196, 208, 

215 
Barnum, Henry A., 109, 112, 116, 134, 143, 201, 

248, 250, 285, 297 
Barrett, A. W., .346 
Bartlett, E M., 279 
Barton, Si'as A., 231, 236, 247, 255 
Barton, Miss Clara, 230 
Bates, J. L., 109 
Baxter, Geo. A., 192 
Bean, Theo. W , 362 
Beals, Geo. L., 102, 109, 114, 117, 122, 135, 138, 143, 

147, 150, 305 
Beath, Robert B., biog. 270 ; portrait facing title 

page ; 112, 119, 123, 127, 123, 131, 138, 136, 151. 

158, 159, 162, 164, 165, 166. 167. 173, 175, 176, 

178, 191, 200, 201, 212, 213, 214, 216, 220. 222, 227, 

229, 242, 243, 244, 247, 259, 261, 266, 270-289, 

297, 314, 334, 336, 857 
Beaver, James A , 338, 866, 373 

[691] 



692 



Index to Names. 



Becker, R. A., 298 

Beers, A. B., 225, 241, 297 

Behrends, J. F.. ISl 

Bell, John, biog. and portrait, 89 ; 8-3 

Helknap. A., 323 

Beni't, S. V.,J74, 203 

Benham, H. W, 119 

Bennett, C. H.,372 

Bennett, J. L.,241, 254, 29T, ?,6S 

Bennett, L. B., 353 

Bennett, Thos. \V., SIS, 319,334 

Bero', Wm., 215, 2TS, 288 

Berthrong, H. \V.,297 

Beveridge, Governor J. L., 161 

Bickerdycke, Mother, 301 

Bigger, J. C, 363 

Bigelow, Geo. H., 192, 196, 203, 208, 215, 244 

Billings, John D., 285 

Birdsall, Prof., 268 

Bishop, J. T., biog. 89 ; portrait facing 40 ; 36, 37, 

42, 43 
Bishop, Francis M., 288, 293 
Black, J. C, Commissioner of Pensions, 292, 333, 

344 

Blair, C. W., 261 

Blanchard, H. P., 231 

Blasland, E. B., 158 

Blodgett, Pearl D., .335 

Blue, R. W.,.363 

Hlunt, Jas. G., ITS 

Boden, \Vm.,102 

Bohn, A. v., 298,334 

Boker, Geo. H., 82 

Boles, Thos., 29S, 804. 309, 314, 823 

Bonnell, JohnC, 346 

Boone, Thos. C, 1.50, 170, 174, 180, 192, 200, 203 

Boothman, M. M., 334 

Bosbyshell, O. C, 198, 102, 109, 134, 140, 142, 151, 
165, 170, 177 

Bouck, Gabe, 152, 155 

Boutelle, C. A., 208, 805 

Bowen, A. M., 178 

Bowden, Wm., 114 

Bowers, George, biog. 217 ; [wrtrait facing 220 ; 

200, 212, 214, 220, 224, 2.8^5 

Bowers, John, 8.34 

Bowman, N. P., 279 

Bowman, Wni.. 304,310 

Boynton, John \V., 305, 310 

Brackctt, Fred., 306, 309 

Bradford, W. J., 288, 298 

Bradley, F. W., 298 

Bradley, Jas. F., 872 

Bramhall, F. J., 71; portrait 438 

Branson, David, 177 

Brayton, Chas. R., 188, 135, 187, 13?, 298 

Bright, W. H., 221, 231 

Briggs, Henry S., 119, 120 

Broatch, J. C, 261 

Brodie, Paul, 2i4, 226, 280, 237, 211, 24.5, 24C, 247 

Brookes, A M.,315 

Brooks, N. M., mU 

Brosius, Mariott, 169, 170 



Brown, Chas. P., 236 
Brown, E. F., 214, 215 
Brown, F. E., biog. 253 ; portrait facing 252; 231, 

236, 250, 251, 254, 258, 262, 278 
Brown, Geo. Lee, 244 
Brown, R. B., 296, 297, 334, 363 
Brown, Theo. F., 279 
Brown, W. W., biog. and portrait, 154 ; 128, 135, 

140, 147, 150, 153, 1.58, 224 
Brueninghausen, E. W.,169 
Buckbee, C. J., biog. 163; portrait facing 164; 160, 

166, 170 
Buckley, W. J., 174, 180, 186, 190, 192, 196, 201 
Buell, Frank, 354 
Bulkeley, Morgan G., M& 
BuUard, Willard, 242 
Bunts, W. C, 134 
Burdett, S. S., biog. -306; portrait facing 806 ; 224, 

230,231,261, 278, 285, 288, 289, 304, 806-310, 

815, 817, 888 
Burge, H. F., 69 
Burleigh, Alex., 863 
Burger, J. C. S., 347, 353 
Burmester, C. E.,334 
Burnside, Ambrose E., biog. 123 ; portrait facing 

123; 122,123,124,125, 127, 128, 129, 185, 136, 

188, 141, 148, 149, 180, 2.35, 238, 271, 425 
Burnside, J. O. P., 121 
Burr, C. W., 267, 274 
Burrows, Chas., 189, 158, 201, 225, 242 
Burst, John W., biog. 254; portrait facing 252; 

224, 242, 251, 2,55, 259, 263, 2S5, 363 
Burton, Chas. G., 834, 346, 853 
Bush, G. H.,203 
Butler, Jas. G.,863 
Butts, Frank A., 333 
Byram, J. E., 165 



Calkins, E. A., 247, 255 

Cameron, John, biog. 308; jjortrait facing 808; 

288, 293, 297, »06, 308, 309, 313, 817, 818, 362 
Campbell, E. I,., 241 

Campbell, A. B., ,''34 

Campbell, B. F., 346, 353 

Campbell, T. C, biog. 86 ; portrait facing 88 ; 83, 

84,91 
Canfield, Geo. S., 224 
Carey, Peter V., 208, 211, 21,5, 225, 239 
Carr, Byron L., 247, 2,55, 267,278, 368 
Castle, Henry A., 114, 158 
Carnahan, James R., biog. 218 ; portrait facing 

220; 216, 218, 219,220,223,227,2,33,28.5,236, 

289, 210, 242, 243, 251, 254, 259, 268, 274, 280, 
282, 285 

Carpenter, J. C, 215, 281 
Carse, Geo. B., 2.36 
Carson, " Kit," 004 
Carter, Solon T., 97, 102, 109 
Case, Charles, 70 
Catterson, Robert F., 69 
Caukin,G. E., 815 
Cavender, John S., 69 



Index to Names. 



693 



Chains, T. W., 140, 142 

Chamberlain, E. W., 180, 186, 190, 192, 196, 200, 

203,203,211,215,224,227 
Chamberlain, J., 315 
Chamberlain, W. F., 261, 285 
Chase, Philip S., 261 
Chase, Ira J., 345 

Cheek, Phil., Jr., 242, 261, 278, 2■^8, 314 
Chetlain, A. L, 69, 70,165 

Chipman, N. P., biog. 88 ; portrait facing 8S; 81, 
83, 84, 86, 8S, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 105, 106, 
109, 112, 115, 117, 314, 323 
Church, John P., 385 
Church, A. H.,863 
Cillev, J. P., 180, 186, 182 
Clark, C. T., 241, 260, 278, 362 
Clark, W. T., 112,114 
Clarkson, T. S., 347, 353, 372 
Clay. H. de B., 288, 293, 363 
Clemmer, James S., 122 
Cochrane, W. H. D., 201, 267 
Coey, James, biog. 124; portrait 125; 114, 117, 

122, 135, 143 
Coggswell.Wm., biog. 184; portrait, 185; 119, 

135,138,143,182,189,198 
Coggswell, Thos.,334 
Cole, Nelson, biog. 850 ; portrait facing 350 ; 346, 

858 
Collier, Rev. Geo. W., biog. and portrait, 116 ; 

112, 113, 114,116 
Collier, T. W., 267, 323 
Collins, A. W.,224 
Collins, L.W., 363 
Collins, W.T., biog. 106; 84, 106, 109, 111, 114, 

115, 116, 119, 1-21 
Collis, M. M.,298 

Coltrin, I. N., biog. 41; portrait facing 36 ; 35, 36, 
41 

Coltrin, J. N.,182 

Colvin, Mayor, 161 

Conger, A. L., 834, 363 

Conger, G. S.,S15 

Conklin, P. H., 67 

Connor, Seldon, biog. 307 ; portrait facing 308 ; 
304, 309 

Conrad, W.F., 203, 224 

Constable, R. A., 247, 255 

Cook, B. C, 247, 279 

Cook, Brad. P., 384 

Cook, Geo. W, 292 

Cook, John, biog. 65 ; portrait, 66 ; 64, 66 

Cook, John H., 347 

Cooke, John B., 834 

Coombs, Chas. A., 267, 273 

Cooper, Samuel, 315 

Copley, John G., 160 

Corey, Eugene A., 298 

Corliss, S. P., 140 

Corson, Geo. E., 170, 174, 176, 177, 190 

Coulter, John A., 281 

Coulter, O.H., 362 

Cox, Chris C, 105 

Coy, G. W., 828 



Coy, Thos. W., 847, 853 

Crabb, B.,224 

Crandall, C. P., 114 

Cranston, Geo. T.,835 

Crawford, J. W., 298 

Creamer, Geo. B., 267, 278, 314, 828, 329 

Cruft, Chas ,69, 83 

Cuddy, J. \V. C, 242, 214 

Culbertson, W L., 261, 278 

Culver, J . H ., 247, 255, 267, 273, 298 

Cummings, G., 83 

Curry, A. P. , 278,835, 372 

Curtis, S. R.,306 

Cushman, A. S., 81, 83 ; portrait, 404 

Custer, G. A ,291,3.54 

Cutting, William, 128, 126 

Daggett, Frank E., 102 

Dalton,J. F., 165,215 

Danaker, E. T., 122 

Daniels, H. V.,288 

Darling, John A., 160 

Davidson, Jas., 1.35, 215, 267, 274 

Davies, D. T., 165, 172 

Davis, E. J.,103 

Davis, E. W., 171 

Davis, H. B., 284,285 

Davis, P. A., 114 

Davis, W. H.,104 

Davison, Jos. K., 176, 188, 294, 886 

Deal, John K., 288, 292 

Dean, Henry S., 804 

Deane, Cecil A., 846 

Dean, Fred. I., 34, 66 

Deems, Jas. M., 192 

Deering, Mayor, 305 

Deits, Fred. C, 347, 853 

Denison, A. W., 83, 98, 102, 109, 135 

Denison, Harvey B., 182 

Dennis, John B., 288, 292 

Denny, J. Waldo, 98, 102 

Devendorf, H. X.,261 

Devens, Chas., Jr., biog. 144 ; portrait facing 144; 

126, 127, 142, 144, 147, 148, 149, 152, 155-161,167, 

168, 203 
Devlin, George M., 323, 329 
Dew, T. W., 166, 170, 174 

De Witt, R. M., biog. 875; portrait facing 376 ; 

372, 875, 876 
Dexter, Arthur F., 181 
Dickason, L. T., 285 
Dingman, Harrison, biog. 160; portrait facing 

208 ; 201, 203 
Disbrow, W. E., 150 
Dolman, P. R., 847, 353 
Donnellan, J. W ., 209, 210 
Donohue, Florence, biog. 351 ; portrait facing 

350; 846,853,862,864 
Dougall, Allan H.,872 
Douglas, Frederick, 248 
Douglas, J. S , 810 
Douglas, W. W., biog. and portrait, 127 ; 94, 123, 

127,128,181, 1.34,188,139,142,144,147,150,151, 
153, 155, 158, 162, 166, 168, 178, 176, 178 



694 



Index to Names. 



Dowling, p. H.,200 

Doyle, Mayor, ISO, 181 

Drake, J. H., «4G 

Drew, J. W., \bO 

Drcxel, Jos. W., :?29, 358, 301, 365 

Dubey, E. A., 3l!2 

Dudley, L. E.. 69,102 

Dudley, W. W., 231, 275 

Duffy, R. C, 158 

Dukehart, G.,224 

r-iuncan, S. A., 97, 102. 105, 109 

Dunning, Geo. H., biog. 3(i ; portrait facing 40 ; 

37, 39, 42, 43 
Durfey, Henry M., 224, 231, 230, 241, 247, 255 
Duval, T. H., 372 
Dyer, F. H.,241 
Dwyer, M. T., 138 

Earn.shaw, Rev. Wm., biog. 205 ; portrait facing 
205; 122,138,134, 135, 142, 1&4, 109, 177, 179, 
ISO, 18:3, 200, 2(tl, 202, 204, 205, 206, 20S, 212, 
214,229, 231,232,297,311 

Eaton, W. y.,363 

Eddy, Geo. O., 823 

Edwards, C. G , 278, 362 

Ege, J. A., 83 

Eldredge, Dr. W. H., 297 

Emerson, Win , 152, 292, 298 

Emery, A. E. 278, 805 

Enos, H. M.,241 

Evans, Geo. S , biog. 377 ; portrait facing 876 ; 
192, 196, 201,203, 208, 211, 212, 29S, .334, 365,' 
873, 377 

Everest, J. G.,315 

Everett, Ambrose S., biog. 308; portrait facing 
328 ; 309, 323, 327, 328, 333, 337, 345 

Ewing,E. E., 278 

Fachtz, E. F. M.,98, 114 

Fairchild, Lucius, introduction; biog. 325 ; por- 
trait facing 325 ; 102, 106, liii), 113, 114, 116, 121, 
289, 305, 814, 322, 325, 828, 329, 382, 335, 347, 348^ 
863 

Fairleigh, T. B., 69,70 

Fanton, Henry N.,372 

Farley, James L., biog. and portrait, 184; 171, 
177, ly2, 185, 187, 1S8, 191, 196, 19s, 200 

Farnham, A. B., 242 

Faunce. 8. E. , 323, 829, 3.34, 362, 363 

Fay, Chas. L., 323, 329 

Fay, J. S.,150 

Icighan, J. W., 27h, 323, 329. 881 

l-"eltus, Roswell G., 09, 70 

Ferguson, Edward, biog. 145; portrait facing 
118; 140, 142 

Ferguson, J. C, 242 

Fiilder. G. B , 201,298,315 

Fink, W. N.,244 

Filer, Chas. W.,862 

Fish, Daniel, biog. 3!>2 ; portrait facing SM ; 331, 
319, 353, 3.^s, 364. 373 

Fisher, President, Prov., 180 



Fisher, Philip, 334 

Fitzgerrell, J. J., 224, 254, 287, 288, 293 

Fitz Gerald. M J., 236 

Fletcher, Thos C, 69, 71, S3 

Flick, \V. 11. H. 236 

Flood, Martin, 84 

Folger, Hon. Chas. J , 2S4 

Follett, Jos. L., 305 

Foraker,Gov., 373 

Forbes, Jos , 247, 255 

Ford. S. P., 314 

Foster, Robert S., biog. 74; portrait facing 72; 
69,71 

Foster, Rev I. M., biog. 2.V.'; portrait facing 

252 ; 247, 254, 265, 266, 273 
Foster, David N , 297. 314, 3C;3 
Fowler, Chas. E., 190, 201 
Fowler, T. G.,362 
Fox, C. B.. 119,120 
Fox, Herman F., 288, 293 
Fox, S. W., 372 

Foye, Dr. Jno. W., biog. 164 ; 160, 168 
Francis, Mayor D. R., 348 
Frary, Frank G.,323 
Fraunfelter, Elias, 346 
French, J. H., 363 
Fry, Henry, 267,278 
Fuller, J. E., 255 
Fuller, S. L., 224 
FuUerton, Thos. C, 314 

Gage, W. A., 335 
Gallagher, W. G., 304 
Gard,Geo. E.,372 
Garfield, President, 294, 354 
Garber, M. C, 69 
Gates, Theo. B., 81, 83 
George, Jas., 135, 143, 152 
Gibbs, Warren, 247, 255, 207, 274 
Gibbons, Archbishop, 294 
Gibson, Wm., 224, 304, 363 
Gibson, Wm. H., 207, 289 
Gile,Geo. W.,208 
Gilmore, D. M., 2S9 
Ginty, Geo. C, 8.35, 347, 358, 872 
Gipson, J. C, 298 
Given, Josiah, 862 

Glass, , 43 

Gobin, J. P. S.,804, 315 

Goble, J. R., biog. 144 ; portrait facing 148 ; 140, 

142,147,151 
Goddard, R. H. I., 281 
Goff, J. B. H., 347, 3.5;t 
Goldsborough, E. Y., 82, 114, 117 
Goodrich, Milan B., biog. and portrait, 136; 138, 

139, 142 
Goodwin, Geo. B., 103,114 
Gould, Guy T., biog. and portrait, 154 ; 132, 152, 

155 
Goulding, J. H., 138, 140, 143, 177, 190, 201, 298, 

3t;3 
Grafton, S. R., 14! 



Index to Names. 



095 



Graham, J. S., 334 

Grant, Geu. U. S , 92, 112, 177. 296, 297, 312, 316, 

322, 347 ; portrait, 474 
Grant, Mrs. U.S., 297 
Grant, Fred. D., 297 
Grant, Gov. J. B.,267 
Grant, H. D., 83 
Grass, Daniel, 34, 66 
Graves, B. F., i:9S 
Graves, Chas. E , .347 
Gray, Chas. C, 170. 174, 208 
Gray, E. B., biog. 327; portrait facing 328; 31o, 

3-25, 328, 832. 333, 336, 34.=), 347, 362 
Gray, Jacob, 363 
Gregg, Lafayette, 372 
Green, Samuel A., biog. and portrait, 115 ; 114, 

115, 122, 1 5, 131, 134, 135, 137, 142, 14.5, 244 
Greene, Chas. S., 138, 150, 155 
Greene, J. L., 70 
Grier, D. P., 347 
Griffin, M., 363 
Griffin, S. C, 135 
Griffith, L. E.,363 
Grimshaw, A. H., 334 
Grosvenor, C. H , biog. 309 ; portrait facing 308; 

261 , 267, 288, 2S9, 298, 306, 309, 314, 318, 345 
Grosvenor, D. A., 815 
Grow, A. L., 363 
Grubbs, Mayor. 231 
Gullett, Alex., 334 
Gunning, Amos J., 152, .372 
Guthrie, A. N., 231, 236 
Guhrie, N.L., 191 
Gwynne, J. P., 69 



Hadfield, Jos., biog. 375; portrait facing 376; 

372 
Hager,J. B.,210 
Hall, Fred. H, 62 
Hall, Matthew, biog. and portrait, 195 ; 182, 185, 

189, 196, 198 
Hall, J. B., 297 

Hall, W. D., biog. 291 ; portrait facing 292 ; 287 
Hamilton, S. F., 203, 208 
Hamilton, C. M., 114 
Hamilton, Governor, Md., 248 
Hamilton, James, Dr., 34, 35 
Hamilton, J. M ,334 
Hamilton, M. D., 345, 346 
Hamlin, A. C, biog. 218; portrait facing 220; 

177,191,201,214,227,298 
Hamlin, Hannibal, 334, &38, 366 
Hammill, W. A., 266 
Hammond, D. P.. 288 
Hampton, Mrs. Emma S., 371 ; portrait facing 

657 
Hancock, J., 158 
Hancock, L. A., 334 
Hancock, Gen. W. S., 312,366 
Hanna, Thomas. 215, 220 
Hannaford, Geo. A., 135, 143, 147, 150, 155, 158, 

298 



Harland, Edward, portrait 428 

Harper, Samuel, 224, 241, 260, 267, 274, 278, 238, 

293, 297, 305, 310. 323, 329, S84, 362 
Harding, Chester, 69 
Harkinson, C. T., 273, 372 
Harkness, James, 372 
Harris, Fred. H., 132, 133, 135 
Harrison, Wm. H., 334 
Harshaw, H. B., 169, 170, 231, 236 
Harton, VV. H., 278, 362 
Hartranft, John F., biog. 162; portrait facing 162; 

80, 83, 127, 152, 160, 161, 102,163, 164, 165, 166, 

167,170,172.173, 174, 175, 179, 180, 181, 188, 

203, 248, 250, 271 
Haskell, Frank VV., 288, 292 
Haskell, W. G., 215 
Hawes,J. A., 211 

Hawkes, B. F., 35, 6.>, 158; portrait 502 
Hawley, Chas. W.. 173 
Hawley, Jos. R., biog. 87; portrait facing SS ; 83, 

87, 88, 102, 106, 115 
Hayes,P. C, 334 
Hayes, President. 180, 373 
Haymond, Lee, 335 
Haynes, M. A., 242 
Hazzard, Chill W., 207, 231, 230, 261, 284, 283, 

298 
Hazzard, J. De V.. 304 
Heath, H. H., 112, 114 
Heath, Wm. H.,340 
Healy, John J., 160, 362, 372 
Hector, J. W,, 288 
Hedges, I. M., biog. 352; portrait facing 350; 219, 

285, 297, 304, 349, 352, 301, 362 
Henck, E. W., 815, 323, 328 
Henderson, B. R.,288 
Henry, W. W., 116, 150 
Henninhausen, L. P., 278 
Hewins, Chas. E.,315 
Hicks, H. G., 278, 289, 309 
Hicks, Ira G., biog. 29i) ; portrait facing 292 ; 287, 

290, 292 
Higginson, T. W., 81,94, 152 
Hill, Geo. D., 244 

Hill, Herbert E., biog. 194 ; portrait, 194 ; 192 
Hill, L. B.,314 
Hilliard, H., 140, 150, 161 , 169 
Hillis, S. G., 334 
Hinton, R. J., 106 
Hodges, Jas., 248 
Hodgkin, W. H., 244 
Hogden,Geo. E.,347 
Hogin, B. R.,304, 3i9 
Hogin, Geo. B., 241, 242 
Holbrook, Josiah, 362 
Holmes, Walter H., biog. 271; portrait facing 

272 ; 236, 266, 273, 276, 278, 287, 292, 304, 809, 

824 
Holman, D. Horace, 278 
Holton, Chas. M., 314, 347 
Hooper, Pierce, Jr., 872 
Horn, John W., 298 
Home, S. B.,278 



fiOfi 



Index to Names. 



Hoskins, C. D., 2S7 

HouKh, R. M., 102, 109, 122 

House, Ken. D., 224,225, 244, 261, 278 

HouKhUm, Chas. H., 224 

Howe. Henry E. ,35; portrait, 501 

Hoyt, Henry M., 203 

Hubbard, C. M . 362 

Hubbard, J. M.,834 

Hubbard, Governor L. F., 286, 288 

Huber, Levi, 160 

Huggins, W. Q., 224 

Hunter, Frank, 323, 328 

Hunter, Jacob M , biog. 325 ; portrait facing 32S ; 
ftJS, :533, :»7, 345 

Hurlbut, Stephen A., biog. 72: portrait facing 

6S ; 69, 71, 73, 77-S3, 2«5, 238 
Hurst, S. H.,278 

Husted, Gilbert M., 255, 267, 273, 274 
Husted. Jas. W.. 203, 204 
Huss, Henry, 174, ISO, 186 

Ingram, Chas. H., 305,310 
Irving, Win., 247, 255 

Jacobus, J. W , 261 

Jack, Samuel T., 28S, 292 

James, VVm.,346 

Janes, O. A., biog. 291 ; portrait facing 292 ■ 231, 
2:i6, 290, 292, 293, 308, 315 

Jardine. Edward, biog. and portrait, 153 ; 83, 84, 

S8, 150, l.-,>, 15.5, 190, 340 
Jenks, E. Henry, 32S, 334, 362 
Jenness, C. B.,177, 191 
Jennings, W. W.. 158 
Jenkins, W. S.. 133, 151 
Johnson, President, 92, 93 
Johnson, George H., 2S7 
Johnson, J. B., 273; biog. 378; portrait facing 

Johnson, J. H., 244 

Johnson, O. B., 298,805 

Jones, Chester A., 372 

Jones, Edward S., 258, 261, 288, 293, 805, 310, 828 

Jones. \V. »., biog. 206 ; portrait facing 208; 180, 

186. 190, 192. 196, 201, 203, 206, 211, 224 
Jones, Sam. B., 293,814 
Jumper, S. H.,834 

Kanan. M. F., biog. .37 ; portrait facing 30; 35,86, 

42. 43 
Kaufman. J., ISO 
Kay, Jos. W. :}45 
Kearny. Gen. Phil. 464 
Keeler, Geo. W., 224 
Keifer, J. Warren, biog. and portrait, 137; 97,116, 

12^,135, 136,218 
Kelley, Bernard, 362 
KcUcy, John G., 69 
KcndaU, Edwin A., 215 
Kennedy. <^:has. P., 181 
Kcnney.S. B., l.'fl 169 

Kctchum, A. P , U4, 117, 122, 128, 135, 137, 13S 
Kidd, E. J.,331 



Kilpatrick, Gen. Judson, 203 

Kimball, D. B., 363 

Kimball, Nathan, 71, SO; portrait, 516 

Kimberly, B. K., 261 

King, Adam E., 255 

King. G. W., 304, 309, 814, 323, 32S, 346, 353 

Kinne, C. Mason 170, 203, 20S, 212; portrait, 590 

Kinne, Mrs. E. D'A., 341 ; ))ortrait facing 057 

Kinney, J. C.,244 

Kinsman, C. C, 261 

Knight, Geo. ,347, 353 

Knowles, Hon. Chas. R., I!i5 

Knowlton. J. W., 177, 192, 196 

Kountz, John S., biog. 290 ; portrait facing 290 ; 

224. 242, 2S6, 287, 2S8, 290, 292, 293, 296,2ii8, 

299, 800, 801, 304, 805, 344, 86s 
Krzyzanowski, W., 1 14 
Kumler, Jno. F., 304 
Kuykendall, J. A., 66 

Lane, S. W. 224, 304, 309 

Lang, Theo. F , 211, 212, 213, 214, 362 

Langbein, J. C. J .151,177 

Langsdale, G. J., 242 

Lanning, David, 242, 254, 278 

Lantz, James A., 114 

Lapham, W. B., 178, 244 

Larken, James E. 122 

Larkin, W. W., 363 

Latta, Jas. W., 1.52, 171, 177 

Latrobe, Mayor, Bait., 248 

Lawler, T. G., 1 58 

Lawlor, J. M.,372 

Lawson, W. H., 132 

Leake, Jos. B., 102 

Ledergerber, F. T.. 69, 70 

Lee, A. E., 373 

Lee, Jos. C , 128, 170 

Lee. R. H ,133,143,147,169 

Lees, Thomas. 109 

Lester, Richard, 69 

Lewis, F. A., 1.52 

Lewis. John R.. biog. 307; portrait facing 30S 

298, 304, 309 
Lightfoot, 84, 42, 53, 54. 64, 60 
Lindt, John, 247, 255, 279 
Linehan, John C, biog. 851 ; portrait facing S.'iO ; 

203, 20S, 211, 213, 215, 261, 278, 285, 288, 294, 

297, 309, 344, 34(1, 353, 361, 304 
Lincoln, President, 104, 123, 271. 294, 322, 347,343, 

376 
Lincoln, Rob't T., 248, 274, 293 
Lincoln, E. T., 261 
Lippincott, C. E., 80 
Littleton, W. E., 170 
Livezay J. EUwood, 267 
Lloyd, H. P., 285, 2m7, 297 
Lochhead, O. F., 297, 314 
Logan, John A., biog. 84 ; portrait facing 84 ; 14, 

a3, SI, S6, 88-93, 95, 96, 102, 104-106, 109-111, 

114-118,121, 122, 2.".7. 201. 267, 26S, 289, 293 

806, 838, 839, 344, 305, 366 



Index to Names. 



C97 



Logan, Mrs. John A., 93, 339, 366 

Long, Chas. D., 314 

Loring,E. B., 304 

LoveU, Benj. S., 346,353 

Lovering, Jos. F., biog. and portrait, 173; 170, 

176,177, 179, 185, 189,192, 196, 198, 200, 203, 

208,210,211, 213, 214, 220, 223, 224, 225, 227, 

2.31, 230, 240, 241, 243, 247 
Lovett, John F., 305, 372 
Lozier, John H., 69 
Lubey, Timothy, biog. and portrait, 107; 106, 108, 

109, 111, 115, 116, 119,. 121, 140, 143, 147 
Lucas, W. v., 804, 309 
Luther, Henry C, 372 
Luther, J. P., ISO 
Luty, Fred., 228 
Lyon, O. T., 315 

Macallister. S. A., 135 

Macauley, Dan., 69 

Macy, E. B., 372 

Mains, Bishop W., 323, 329, 347, 353 

Manchester, T. W., 247, 255, 267, 273, 274, 987 

Manderson, Chas. F., 261, 266, 362 

Mann, Orrin L., 247 

Manning, W. R., 261, 293 

Manson, M. D., 261 

Marsh, Edward W., 170 

Marshall, W. T., 279 

Martin, John A., 83, 267, 273 

Marty, Adam, 247, 255 

Massey, Geo. V., 225, 227, 244, 247 

Masson, Wm. D., 805 

Matheny, Jas. A., 51 

Mather, T. F., 64 

Matthews, Thos. L., 203, 297, 304 

Maxfield, J. P., 158 

Mayer, Daniel, 244 

Mayers, Chas. G., 69, 70, 244 

Meade, Gen. Geo. G., 246 

Medley, J. C, 180 

Meech, Jas. F., 169,177, 190, 228, 78,304; por- 
trait, 408 

Meese, Jacob, 169 

Meigs, Gen. M. C, 115, 151 

Merrill, Geo. S., biog. 233; portrait facing 233; 
151, 158, 159, 164, 167, 168, 169, 191, 201, 208, 
214, 215, 225, 231, 232, 233r, 235, 236, 287, 242, 
245, 248, 250, 261, 266, 267, 288, .314, 333, 344, 
363 

Merritt, A., 241 

Metcalf,E., 147, 151,173 

Metcalf, Irwin, 143 

Michie, Jas C, 239, 298 

Middleton, Rich., 135 

Millard, H. L., 288, 292 

Miller, E. S., 362 

Miller, J. F., 102, 109 

Miller, Roswell, biog. and portrait, 125 ; 123, 126, 
128, 130, 134, 1.37, 138, 139, 142 

Miller, Warner, 363 

Miller, W. B. E.,334 



Miller, W. H., 267, 273 

Milliken, E. C, 334, 362 

Mills, James H.,863 

Milward H. K., 69, 70, 71, 98 

Minor, G. G., 97, 103 

Minot, James, 310, 323, 329 

Minton, M , 346, 353 

Mitchell, S. B. W., biog. and portrait, 106,107; 

102, 106, 107 
Monroe, A. C, 224, 247,354,314, 853; portrait, 

410 
Monroe, J. Albert, 244 
Moore, Edward, 152, 160 
Moore, Ira, 231 
Moorehouse, W. S., 78 
Morgan, D. L., 305, 3lo 
Morgan, J. B., 323, 329 
Morris, C, 139 
Morrison. Wm Q., 320 
Morse, W. F., 109 
Morton, Gov. O. P., 71, 72 
Morton, Peter, 323, 329 
Mory, W. J., 43 
Moses, W. P., 143, 152, 17 
Motley, F. A., 346 
Mueller, J., 190 
Muffley, J. W., 334 
Murray, Eli H ,315, 835 
Murray, John B., 91, 241, 243 
Myrick, John D., 170 

MacArthur, John, 64. 138, 143 

MacArthur, W. E., 122 

McCardy, J. J., 190 

McCarthy, John, 203, 208, 228 

McClaughry, R. W., 278 

McClellan, Gen. G. B., 188,312 

McClelland. Wm., 347, 358, 372 

McClure, J. D., 224 

McConnell, W. W. P., 323 

McCook, Gen A. McD., 354 

McCoy, W. H., 69 

McCullough, W. D.,224 

MacDougal, C. D., 133 

McDoagall, H. C, 278 

McElroy, E. B.,334, 345 

McGillicuddy, T. D., 158, 261 ; portrait, 504 

Mcintosh, Gen. J. B., 203 

McKean, J. B., biog. 78 ; portrait facing 72 ; 69, 

71, 77, 80 
McKellip, W. A , 372 
McMahcn, A. K., 279 
McMahon, M. T.,294 
McMaster, R. M.,372 

McMichael, Clayton, 69, 70, 71 ; portrait, 466 
McMickin, A., 288 
McMorris, T. A., 363 
McMurdy, J. H.,135 
McNair, W. S., 241, 247, 278, 298, 315, 334 
McNarry, O. R., 288 

McNeil, D. C, biog. 75 ; portrait facing 72 ; 71 
McNeil, John, 70, 314 



698 



Index to Names. 



McPherson, Gen. J. B., 312, 854 

Mc-yuade. James, 190, 201. 289 

McRcynolds, A. T., 203, 20S, 211, 212, 215, 244 

Nale, J. H., 36, 37, 39, 43 ; portrait facing 40 

Nash, Chas. D., 3)8.341 

Neil, Moses H., 272; biog. S7."> ; portrait facing 

376 
Nevius, Henry M., 2T8, 285, 297 
Newhall, Daniel B., 273, 283, 292 
Newman. Geo. A., 346, 353 
Newton, J. W., 158 
Nicar, Edwin. 285, 992 
Nichols, H. B.,152, 231, 372 
Nickels, E. A.. 267 
Niemann. A. D., 185 
Nolan, Michael L., 195 
Nolen, Frank, 102, 109, 114, 122 
Norris, A. Wilson, biog. 146 ; portrait facing 148 ; 

114,117, 132, 134,140, 144 
North, A. A., :>4 ; portrait, 35 
Northcott, R. S., 347, 353 
Northup, G. W., 185, 143 
Nye, H. W.,305 
Nye, W. H.,32;!, :^29,372 

Oakley, F. W.,825 

O'Brien, James, 119 

Oglesby, Gov. R. J.,35 

Clin, Wm. M, biog. 235; portrait facing 236; 2;!3, 

236, 239, 243 
Oliver, S. A., 173 
O'Xeall, J. W., 305, 310, 834 
Ord, Gen. E. O. C, 2G1 
O'Riley, D.. 815, 828, -329, 872 
Ormsby, E. J., 231, 286 
Orr, Chas. A.,872 
Orr, Rob't L., 143, 147 
Osborn, Thos. C, 66, 67, 71, 9S, 114 
Osborne, E. S.,261 
Osborne, L. VV., 261 
Otis, K. G., 15n, 190 
Otis, John L., 323, 329 
Owen, Joshua T., biog. 86 ; portrait facing Ss ; 

78,80,88,90,112,113, 119 



Palmer, C. S., 384 

Palmer, Geo. W., 73 

Palmer, H. E., 27!» 

Palmer, John, biog. 20G ; portrait facing 208; 191, 

202, 2ii3, 208, 211, 214, 2>4, 27S, 298, :i04 
Palmer, J. J., 152. 155, 160, 166, 170 
Palmer. John M., biog. and portrait, 65; (il, (!(1, 

69,71, 72, 366 
Palmer, W. F., 18i 
Parker, C, 139 
I'arker, J. D., 8.'}3 
Parkinson, E. C, 158 
Patch, Geo. H.. 242, 247, 297. 305, 340, 413 
Patrick, Geo. H., LW 
Patterson, J. N., 224, 231, 236, 241, 217, 255 



Patterson, Gen. Rob't, 170 

Patton, A. G., 373 

Pearson, A. L., 98 

Pease, A. P., 278, 279 

Peirce, Henry B., portrait 406 ; 132, 183, 134, 140, 

144, 150, 153, 1.58, 224, 242, 243, 2.59, 267, 273, 

278,288,292,298,310, 314 
Peloubet, D. A. 231 
Perham, A. S., 139 
Perley, H. C, 166, 170, 174, 180 
Perry, E. A., 152 
Pettis, Geo. H.,310 
Phelps, John S., biog. 35 ; portrait facing 53 ; 31, 

85, 36, 5:3, .54 
Phisterer, Fred., 244 
Pickell, H. M.,372 
Pickett, Josiah, 15S, 160 
Pierce, Byron R., 224, 242, a61 
Pierpont, W. H., 267, 273, *34, 363 
Pile, William A., biog. 75 ; portrait facing 72 ; 71 
Pillsbuiy, Mayor Geo. A., 286, 2S8 
Pillsbury, Wm. S., 872 
Plummer, L. P., 158 
Plummer, J. W. V. R., 334 
Plummer, Mrs. Sarah A. C, 370 
Plunkett, J. D., 278 
Pond, C. V. R., biog. 234; portrait facing 236; 

224, 231, 236, 278, 334 
Pond, H. W., 285, 345 
Poore, Ben: Perley, 112 
Pope, E. M., 298 
Porter, Gov. (Ind.), 230. 231 
Post, Philip S., 334, 363 
Potter, G. F., 98 
Potter, Robert F., 231, 236 
Powell, Hans, biog. 145 ; ])ortrait facing 148; 142, 

147, 150, 1,52, 155, 158 
Powers, J. K.,212 
Pray, J. E. S., 169 
Prentiss, B. M., 62 
Price, Lemuel D., 69 
Prince, A. H., 298 
Prince, Edward, 34 

Prior, Joseph M., portrait facing 86; 85, 86, 41 
Proudfit, J. K., portrait, 538 ; 69, 70, 71, &S 
Pugh, I. C, portrait facing 36 ; 36, 37, 89, 64 
Purdy, James H., 347, 353, 36:?, 372 
Purnell, W. H., 267, 273, 288, 292 
Puterbaugh, S. D., 260 

Quint, A. H., 83, 89, 94, 102, 109, 112, 113, 114, 
117 

Ralm, Richard, 201 
Ramage, VV. J., 347 
Raphun, Chas. W., biog. 207; portrait facing 

208 ; 205, 210 
Rea, John P., biog. 849; portrait facing 849 ; 261, 

287, 290. 292, 314, 837, S40, 349, SM, SM, 351- 

358, 864, .373 
Reed, Myron W .. biog. 164 ; portrait facing 164 ; 

160 



Index to Names. 



(>99 



Reed, Hon. Thomas B., 305 

Reader, Frank, 122, 131, 132,151 

Reeder, H. J., 119 

Reinoehl, A. C. 2T9, 334, 363 

Reynolds, J. A., 135 

Reynolds, Jos. S , biog. 163 ; portrait facing 1C4 ; 

160, itw, 167, no 

Reynolds, O. A., 298, 863 

Rhodes, E. H., biog. 183; portrait facing; IS-S; 

132, 134, 140, 151, 1T7, 179, 18!, 1S5, 241 
Richards, C. J., 190 
Richardson, A. H. G.,177 
Richardson, C. H., 331, 236 
Richardson, J. A. G., 177 
Richardson, J. N , 224 
Rider, Wm., 170 
Riebsame, C, biog. 40; portrait facing 40 ; 36, 

37 
Riley, W. T., 372 
Robacher, W. W., 334 
Roberts, W. P., 288, 292 
Roberts, R. Lloyd, 224, 241 
Robertson, R. S., 242, 207, 273, 278 
Robie, Gov. Frederick, 305 
Robinson, John C, biog. 182; portrait facing 182; 

119, 155, 164, 179, 180, 1S2, 1S3, 185, 186, 1S7, 

188, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 203, 214, 215, 

239, 231 , 237, 338 
Robinson, S. K., 334, 363 
Rodgers, Thomas B., 334 
Rogers, Henry G., 160, 362 
Rogers, Horatio, 1-22, 128, 135, 180 
Rogers, William F., biog. 164 ; portrait facing 

164; 162, 166, 16S, 176, 182, 195 
Roots, Logan H., 112, 114 
Ro ecrans, W. S., 247, 294, 354 
Ross, Daniel, 298 
Ross, W. E. W., biog. 251; portrait facing 252,* 

225, 247, 254 
Routh, Mayor John L., 267 
Routh, J. W., biog. 40; portrait facing 40 ; 35, 

36, 37, 42 
Rowe, T. C, 315, 220 
Royce, C. C, 115, 178, 180, 186, 192, 201, 278, 298, 

314 
Ruhl, John I., 298 
Ruhl, JohnH ,315 
Rusk, J. M., 2S9, 373 
Rusli-g, James F., 102, 109, 114 
Russell, C. L., 140, 143 
Rutherford, Allen, 114 
Rutherford, L. G., 247, 255, 362 
Rutledge, W.J, biog. and portrait, 33 ; 34, 64 
Rutter, Solomon, 135 
Ryan, Archbishop, 294 
Ryan, William O., 69 

Sampson, A. J., 314 
Sanders, Thomas T., 83 
Sanders, W. F., 315, 323, 329 
Santmyer, Charles A., biog. 271 ; portrait facing 
272 ; 270, 273, 277, 283 



Saphar, W. D., 287 

Sargent, J. C.,215 

Sargent, Horace Binney, 170, 171, 190 

Saville, W. O., 288, 292 

Sawyer, A. M.,323, 329, 363 

Sawyer, E. H., 314 

Sayles, Joseph L, 322 

Scarlett, Robert W.. 315 

Scates, Walter B., 62 

Scheffer, Albert, 170, 180, 315, .329 

Scheider, Jacob, 347 

Schneider, E. F., 69 

Schorten, Henry, 298. 304, 309, 323, 328, 346 

Scott, R. King, 9S, 102 

Scott, Jesse E., 315 

Scribner, W. S., 114 

Scupham, J. R.,169 

Seaman, Frank, 363, 372 

Seamans, W. H., 158 

Sears, George C, 298, 305, 310 

Sechler, T. M., 372 

Sellers, A. J., 278 

Sells, Elijah, 363 

Sergeant, John C, 363 

Sexton, James A., 334 

Seymour, J. H., 152 

Shanafelt, T. M., biog. 291 ; portrait facing 292; 

287, 292, 295 
Shank, Rush J., 278, 285 
Shanks, J. P. C, 82 
Shaw, C. F., 279 
Shaw, E. M., 261, 315 
Shaw, George AV.,331 
Shaw, James, Jr., portrait, 99; 80, »?, 94, 98, 102, 

103, 109, 112, 113,114,117, 119 
Shaw, S. F., 305, 310, 323, .329 
Shelby, P. P., 192 
Sheridan, P. H., 354, 357, 369, 370 ; muster of, 529, 

530 
Sherman, W. T., 2, 24S, 253, 271, 2^8, 322, 318, 354, 

373, 374, 549 
Sherwood, Mrs. Kate B., portrait facing 657; 

288 
Shockley, W. B., 278 

Sibley, B. F., portrait facing 36; 36, 41, 43 
Sibley, H. R., 132, 140, 142, 146, 147, 149, 153. 155, 

157, 159, 168, 177 
Sickles, D. E., 78, 203 
Silloway, Jacob, Jr., 170, 17J, 180. 186, 190 
Silsby, George A., 323 
Simmons, D J., 152, 160 
Simmons, W. A., 315 
Simonds, W. E.,323 
Sloat, Frank D. ,293 
Slocum, H. W., 261, 305 
Smedberg, W. R.,322, 3:^ 
Smith, Anthony, 368 
Smith, B. F., 34, 315 
Smith, E., 372 
Smith, F. C.,177 
Smith, Frank M., 278, 285 
Smith, Fred. E., 862,872 



700 



Index to Names. 



Smith, James T., 119, 122, 12S, IST, 

Smith, Xorman M., 169, 203, 208, 215 

Smith, Oscar, 190 

Smith, R. M.,244 

Smith, R. W., 78 

Smith, S. M., 152,155 

Smith, Winsor B., 297 

Smith, Willson F., 178 

Smith, W. N., 305, SIO 

Snyder, John M., biog. 54 ; portrait facing 5:3; 31. 
35, .%3, 54, 64, 60, 09 

Spalding, Oliver L., 102, 114 

Sparling, F. W. 94 

Sparling, F. A., 2H9 

Spencer, Fred. A., 287, 292 

Spencer, Geo. E., 170 

Spencer, Geo. K., 372 

Spierre, A. H., 267, 273 

Spooner, H. J.,201 

Sprague, A. B. R., biog. 146; portrait facing US; 
122.144, 15(1, 153, 15^,159 

Sprague, Frank H., 150, 177 

Springer, Rev. Francis, 50 

Squires, Geo. B., biog. 219 ; portrait facing 220 ; 
169,171,177, 181, 192, 190, 200, 203, 208, 211, 
213,214,215, 216, 220. 223, 227, 229, 232, 233, 
235, 236, 240, 242, 243, 259, 278, 365 

Stanley, William S., 305 

Stannard, Geo. J., 103, 109, 114, 117, 119, 122, 170, 
401 

Stanton, E. M., 92, 93, 94 

Starkweather, Perry, 305 

Starring, F. A., biog. and portrait, lOS ; 106, 109, 
111, 114, 115 

Stawitz. Christian, 298, 334 

Stearns, B. F., 2S8 

Steedman, Jas. B., 354 

Steele, George R , biog. 38; portrait facing 36; 
86, 37, 42, 43 

Stephens, John, 231, 236 

Stephenson, B. F., biog. 47 ; portrait facing 33; 
83-37, 40, 41, 43, 45, 47, 50, 51, .-iii, 62, 66, 67, (is, 
69, 70, 71, 77, 78, 79, 80, 96, 221. 299 

Sterritt, J S.. 261, 267, 273, 288, 805 

Stevens, Aaron F., 160 

Stevens, Isaac B., 177, 205, 206, 208, 210 

Stewart, Lemuel H., biog. 807 ; portrait facing 
308; 801,3(19,313 

Stewart, J. E.,828 

Stewart, M.,8!5 

Stewart, T. J., 261, 270, 273, 297, 314, 328,365; por- 
trait, 470 

Stilson,C. B.,297 

Stimson, E. K., 241, 260, 267 

Stockbridge, S. L., 846 

Stolbrand, C. J.,114 

Stone, Mr. and Mrs. Amasa, 185 

Stone, A. C, 241 

Stone, Emerson, 173 

Stone, G. Harry, 102. 109. 114 

Stornc, A. M. K., 225, 232 

Stott, C. A.. 212 



Stover, E. S., 815 

Stranahan, F. Stewart, 160 

Stratton, Robert, 298, 349 

Striblen, Wm., 217, 255, 261 

Stryker, W. S., 244 

Styer, Charles, biog. 234; portrait facing 286; 231, 

2St;. 240, 243 
Sullivan, F. W., 1.55, 160, lOo, 177 
Sullivan, J. J., 288,293 
Summers, O., 347, 353 
Suter, John H.. 215, 224, 241, 247 
Swain, Edgar D., biog. 217; portrait facing 220; 

214,220,225 
Sweetser, A. C. , 334 
Swenson, P. P., 244 
Swiggett, W. v., 231, 236 
Symes, G. G., 207 



Tabor, H. W.,266 

Taintor, Henry E., biog. 328; portrait facing 328; 
261, 278, 297, 309, 325, 328, 383, 337, 345 

Tail, Geo. F., 241 

Tail, Jas. A., 244 

Talbott, J. T., 303 

Tanner, James. 169,170,171, 177, 180, 191, 201, 203, 
215, 225, 231, 232, 2.37, 245, 248, 287, 288, 340, 
344, :'6S 

Tarbell, J.,114 

Taylor, Andrew. 209 

Taylor, Bayard. 181 

Taylor, John, biog. 253 ; portrait facing 252 ; 251, 
254, 259, 2i!4, 270, 273, 277, 282, 290, 291. 292, 
290,302, 306, 308, 309, 314, 318, 325, 327, 328, 
333, 336, 345, 349, 353, SCO, 36u, 373, 377 

Taylor, Stuart, 315 

Taylor, Thomas S., 334, 35:3 

Taylor, T. T., 70, 71 

Terrell, J. N., 362 

Terrell, W. J., 315 

Terrill, L. F., 288, 293 

Thacher,J. M., 135,143 

Thacher, John H., 32S, 362 

Thayer, Governor, 373 

Thiel, Charles A., 258 

Thomas, Gen. George H., 812, 366 

Thomas, Griff J.. 225, 244 

Thomas, Hon. John L., 248 

Thomas, H. H., 190, 838, 366 

Thomas, Lorenzo, 93 

Thomas, William, 207, 873 

Thomason, Samuel E., 196, 203 

Thomson, Fred., 208, 220 

Thompson. A. B., 243 

Thompson, Frederick, 215 

Thompson, F. M., 69 

Thompson, H. P., 314, 853 

Thompson, Jacob, 321 

Thompson, Mr. and Mrs. James M., 193 

Thompson, Thomas M., 62 

Thorp, W. E.,a61 

Todd, William, 302 



Index to Names. 



701 



Toland, Aquilla, 36, 41 ; portrait facing 40 

Townsend Frederick, 195, 203 

Townsend, H. C.,'220 

Townsend, H. G., 220 

Townsend, H. T., 215 

Townsend, M. D., 190 

Travers, L., 278 

Treadwell, Geo. H., 834 

Trick, Ed. H., 323, 329 

Tripp, Wm. H.,334 

True, James M., 62 

Trumbull, H. Clay, 122, 135, 138, 140, 143 

Tucker, J C, 135, 241, 261, 267, 304 

Turner, H. E., 203, 323, 329, 363 

Turner, W. H., 208 

Turner, Mrs. L. A., portrait, C59 

Turnock, James, 9S 

Tuttle, B. B., 267, 273, 278, 288, 293 

Tyler, E. B., 169, 171, 190, 201 

Tyler, L. S., 304, 309 

Tyrie, Thomas, 255 

Tyson, W. W., 158 



Underwood, A. B., 116, 151 

Updyke, Stephen, 372 ; biog. 376 ; portrait facing 
376 



Valentine, A. B., 260, 278, 298, 363 

Vanderslice, John M., biog. 271 ; portrait facing 

272 ; 169, 172, 173, 181, 190, 211, 212, 224, 225, 

270, 273, 276, 281, 282 
Van Der Voort, Paul, biog. 251 ; portrait facing 

251 ; 190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 203, 225, 247, 248, 

250, 254, 255, 257, 262, 267, 289 
Vandever, Wm., biog. 271; portrait facing 272; 

69, 70, 71, 270, 277 
Vanosdol, Argus D., biog. 308 ; portrait facing 

308 ; 306, 3U9, 314, 318 
Van Syckle, Jos. R., 278, 288, 292, 314 
Van Zandt, Governor, 180, 203 
Vaughan, C. A., 135 
Vaughn, D. J., as, 114, 117 
Vaughn, John, 315 
Veazey, Wheelock G., biog. 352 ; portrait facing 

350; 1S9, .349, 353, 361,365 
Vernon, G. W. F., 314, 363 



Wagner, Louis, biog. 216; portrait facing 216; 
94, 114, 115, 116, 120, 122, 127, 128, 129, 131, 
133, 134, 135, 137, 141, 164, 177, 208, 214, 215, 
216, 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 225, 227, 231, 246, 
260, 261. 267, 271, 285, 288, 344, 363, 368 

Walker, I. N., .334, 362 

Walker, W. W.,278, 310 

Walkinshaw, J. C, 201, 210, 224, 239, 241; por- 
trait, 573 

Wallace, Wm. A., 334 

Ward, Frank X., 248 



Ward, William, biog. 1(54; portrait facing, 161; 

98, 119, 122, 1.50, 159, 162, 166, 167, 168, 173, 

176, 179, 182, 185, 188, 191, 196, 198, 205, 208, 

210, 216, 220, 223, 227, 233, 235, 236, 240, 243, 

248, 250 
Wardleigh, H. C, 298 
Warfield, R. H., 297 
Warmouth, H. C. , 83 

Warner, T. C, portrait facing 328; 323, 345 
Warner, William, biog. 374 ; portrait facing 372; 

242, 260, 266, 271, 273, 279, 285, 288, 2S9, 372, 

373, 374, 375-378 
Warren, O. B.,224 
Washburn, H. D., 72 
Watson, James L., biog. and portrait, 172; 170, 

173, 176, 178, 179, 185, 189, 191, 192, 198, 212 
Walters, Ela C, 298, 305, 310 
Way, A. M., 152, 215, 220, 227, 247, 255, 267, 273 
Waymire, James A., 298 
Weale, S. M., 334, 363 
Weaver, Hanson E., 109, 115 
Webb, E. H., 315 
Webber, Jules C, biog. 53 ; portrait facing .IS; 46, 

64, 66, 68, 69 
Webster, W. H., 314 
Weeden, E. S., 158 
Weigel, Eugene F., biog. 377 ; portrait facing 

376; 310,323,329,363,373 
Wells, Frank, 170 
Wells, Samuel, 288, 292 
Wells, William, 180 
Wells, William L.,815 
Wentworth, M. T., 83 
West, G., 224 
West, Isaac E., 279, 297 
West. J. O., 288, 292, 305. 310, 323, 389 
Wheat, J. L.,. 323, 329 
Wheeler, J. L., 278, 334, 363 
Wheelock, S. B., 135 
Whitaker, E. W.,S3, 109, 114, 117 
White, A., 158 
White, Daniel, 151 
White, Daniel M., 315 
White, Julius C, 83 
White, True S., 158, 160 
Whiteman, Wm. H., 334 
Whitsit, C. E., 314, 323, 329 
Whyte, Hon. Wm. Pinkney, 248 
Wiard, Norman, 104, 105 
Wickersham, Charles J., 103 
Wiegel, W. H., 220 
Wilbur, R. H., 180 
Wilcox, P. W., 261 
Williams, Alonzo, 362 
Williams, A. S., 377 
Williams, Benj., 278, 2S5 
Williams, G. W.,211 

Willich, August, biog. 75; portrait facing 72; 69, 

71,72 
Wilson, Jas. F., 180 
Wilson, Jos. E., 128 



"^i^^ 



702 



Index to Najies. 



Wilson, J. J., ITS 

Wilson, J. L., TO 

Wilson, O. M., 60, 94 ; portrait, 51 T 

Wilson, Rol>ci I F.. 304, 309, 323, 329, 346, 353 

Winship, George B.,363 

Winter, W. J., 109 

Wiseman. Tlieo. F., 2G5, 'iTO, 298 

Wittenmeyer, Mrs. A., 3T0 

Wood, C. A., 805 

Wood, G. J. P., 165 

Wood, Thomas J., 208 

Woodall, Daniel, 13T 

Woodbury, Augustus, 142, 145, 147, 150, 152, 155, 

158 
Woodfin, P. T:. 241, *i5. U5 
Woodin, J. L., 247, 255, 2bl 



Woodruff, J. R.,166 
Woods, Robert M., biog. 53 ; portrait facing .'■3 ; 

34, 30, r).'?, 54, {\2, 60, 67 
Woodworth, L. D., 815 
Woolson, John S., 363 
Wylie, W. D.,335 

Young, Charles L., biog. 234; portrait facing 

236 ; 215, 220, 225, 231, 236, 242, 243 
Young, E. B.,1T4 
Young, Jesse B., 212, 215 
Young, L.Coe, 212,214 
Young, Thomas L., 94 

Zollinger, Charles A., 304, 309 




LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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